CN104064366A - Graphene-hard carbon composite material, preparation method thereof and application thereof - Google Patents
Graphene-hard carbon composite material, preparation method thereof and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a graphene-hard carbon composite material. Formaldehyde, phenol and polyoxyethylene-polyoxyprorylene-polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer are added into the suspension liquid of graphene oxide to carry out the polymerization reaction of phenolic aldehyde resin to acquire a composite material with the graphene oxide, the phenolic aldehyde resin and the triblock copolymer. The composite material is slowly heated in the atmosphere of protective gas. On one hand, the graphene oxide is thermally returned to graphene. On the other hand, the phenolic aldehyde resin and the polyoxyethylene-polyoxyprorylene-polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer are heated and decomposed to form a hard carbon material. The hard carbon material in the acquired graphene-hard carbon composite material is uniformly dispersed in the layered graphene, which can effectively prevent the stacking of graphene layers, and increases the specific surface area of the graphene. Through experimental detection, the specific surface area of the grapheme-hard carbon composite material which is prepared according to the method is significantly improved compared with the specific surface area of a pure graphene material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrode material and receive, especially relate to a kind of Graphene-hard carbon composite material and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Electrochemical capacitor, as a kind of novel energy-storing device, because it has the advantages such as charge-discharge velocity is fast, power density is high, have extended cycle life, is the another energy storage device that has application potential and exploitation value after lithium ion battery.Yet energy density is lower, be a key factor of the development of restriction ultracapacitor and application, the energy density how exploration improves ultracapacitor is the emphasis of current this area research.According to the computing formula E=1/2CV of energy density
2, the specific capacity of raising electrode material, can make the energy density of ultracapacitor improve.
Graphene, as a kind of two-dimentional monolayer material, has higher specific area and higher conductivity, is a kind of desirable electrochemical capacitor electrode material.Although the theoretical specific area of Graphene reaches 2630m
2/ g, but due in grapheme material, mutually stacking between graphene film, specific area is declined greatly, the high-specific surface area of bibliographical information is 600m at present
2/ g, has limited the application of Graphene on electrode material for super capacitor greatly.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, be necessary to provide Graphene-hard carbon composite material that a kind of specific capacity is larger and preparation method thereof.
A preparation method for Graphene-hard carbon composite material, comprises the steps:
Graphite oxide is added to the water, after ultrasonic dispersion, makes graphene oxide suspension;
Regulate pH to 2～5 of described graphene oxide suspension, in described graphene oxide suspension, add formaldehyde, phenol and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer, the mass ratio of graphene oxide and phenol is 5:0.5～3, the mass ratio of phenol, formaldehyde and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer is 54～65:50:1～10, add thermal agitation and make formaldehyde and phenol carry out polymerization reaction, obtain the composite material that contains graphene oxide, phenolic resins and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer;
The described composite material that contains graphene oxide, phenolic resins and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer is placed in to inert protective atmosphere to be enclosed; environment temperature to 800～900 ℃ of heating described composite material with 10～20 ℃ of heating rates per minute; keep 0.5～2 hour, obtain described Graphene-hard carbon composite material after cooling.
In an embodiment, described graphite oxide prepares as follows therein:
Purity being not less than to 99.5% graphite is added in the mixed solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), at 0 ℃, be uniformly mixed, in mixed solution, add potassium permanganate again, stirring reaction is tentatively oxidized graphite, reaction system is heated to 85 ℃ again and makes graphite complete oxidation, in the most backward reaction system, add hydrogenperoxide steam generator to remove excessive potassium permanganate, suction filtration, with watery hydrochloric acid and deionized water, the solids obtaining is washed successively, after being dried, obtain described graphite oxide.
Therein in an embodiment, the mass concentration of the described concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%, the mass concentration of described red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is 65%, the mass fraction of described hydrogenperoxide steam generator is 30%, every gram of described graphite correspondence 90～95mL concentrated sulfuric acid, 24～25mL red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), 4～6g potassium permanganate and 6～10mL hydrogen peroxide.
In an embodiment, the concentration of described graphene oxide suspension is 0.5～2mg/mL therein.
In an embodiment, described polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer is F127 or P123 therein.
Graphene-hard carbon composite material prepared by a kind of preparation method who adopts above-mentioned Graphene-hard carbon composite material.
Preparation method's technique of this Graphene-hard carbon composite material is simple, and convenient operation is easily realized large-scale industrial production.By add formaldehyde in the suspension of graphene oxide, the polymerization reaction that phenol and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer carry out phenolic resins obtains containing graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer, again by composite material slowly heating in protective gas atmosphere, graphene oxide thermal reduction is Graphene on the one hand, phenolic resins and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer decomposes form hard carbon material on the other hand, in the Graphene-hard carbon composite material obtaining, hard carbon material is dispersed in the Graphene of lamella, can effectively prevent between graphene sheet layer mutually stacking, thereby can increase the specific area of Graphene, detect by experiment, the specific area of the Graphene-hard carbon composite material preparing by said method significantly improves than simple grapheme material.
In addition, must provide in addition electrochemical capacitor that a kind of energy density is higher and preparation method thereof.
A kind of electrochemical capacitor, be included in electrode slice, barrier film and the electrode slice of lamination setting in housing and be filled in the electrolyte in described housing, described electrode slice comprises collector and is coated in the electrode slurry on described collector, and described electrode slurry comprises binding agent, conductive agent and the above-mentioned Graphene-hard carbon composite material mixing.
In an embodiment, described electrolyte is [BMIM] [BF therein
4], [BMIM] [PF
6] or [EMIM] [Tf
2n]; Described binding agent is Kynoar, and described conductive agent is acetylene black, active carbon or carbon black; Described collector is aluminium foil, Copper Foil or nickel foil.
In an embodiment, the mass ratio of described Graphene-hard carbon composite material, described binding agent and described conductive agent is 85:5:10 therein.
A preparation method for electrochemical capacitor, comprises the steps:
Above-mentioned Graphene-hard carbon composite material, binding agent are mixed with conductive agent, obtain electrode slurry;
Described electrode slurry is coated on collector, and dry rear section obtains electrode slice;
Coordinate the setting of barrier film lamination to be assembled into battery core two described electrode slices, described barrier film, between two described electrode slices, then is used battery core described in packaging shell, injects electrolyte, obtains described electrochemical capacitor.
By using Graphene-hard carbon composite material that above-mentioned specific area significantly improves as electrode material, the energy density of this electrochemical capacitor significantly improves.And preparation method's technique of above-mentioned electrochemical capacitor is simple, convenient operation, easily realizes large-scale industrial production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is preparation method's flow chart of Graphene-hard carbon composite material of an execution mode;
Fig. 2 is preparation method's flow chart of the electrochemical capacitor of an execution mode.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, Graphene-hard carbon composite material and preparation method thereof and electrochemical capacitor and preparation method thereof are further detailed.
As shown in Figure 1, the preparation method of Graphene-hard carbon composite material of an execution mode, comprises the steps:
Step S110: graphite oxide is added to the water, makes graphene oxide suspension after ultrasonic dispersion.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned graphite oxide prepares as follows:
Purity being not less than to 99.5% graphite is added in the mixed solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), at 0 ℃, be uniformly mixed, in mixed solution, add potassium permanganate again, stirring reaction is tentatively oxidized graphite, reaction system is heated to 85 ℃ again and makes graphite complete oxidation, in the most backward reaction system, add hydrogenperoxide steam generator to remove excessive potassium permanganate, suction filtration, with watery hydrochloric acid and deionized water, the solids obtaining is washed successively, after being dried, obtain graphite oxide.Further, in the present embodiment, the mass concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%, and the mass concentration of red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is 65%, the mass fraction of hydrogenperoxide steam generator is 30%, every gram of graphite correspondence 90～95mL concentrated sulfuric acid, 24～25mL red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), 4～6g potassium permanganate and 6～10mL hydrogen peroxide.Be appreciated that in other embodiments, the concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid, red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) and hydrogenperoxide steam generator is not limited to above-mentioned data, and the amount ratio between each raw material is also not limited to this.
In the present embodiment, the concentration of the deionized water solution of graphene oxide is 0.5～2mg/mL.
Step S120: pH to 2～5 that regulate graphene oxide suspension, according to the mass ratio of graphene oxide and phenol, be 5:0.5～3 and phenol, the mass ratio of formaldehyde and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer is that the ratio of 54～65:50:1～10 adds formaldehyde in graphene oxide suspension, phenol and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer, adding thermal agitation makes formaldehyde and phenol carry out polymerization reaction, prepare and contain graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer.
In the present embodiment, the molecular formula of polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene is: PEO-PPO-PEO; Its triblock copolymer is F127 or P123; In the time of 35 ℃, F127 and P123 can generate kernel PO and be respectively 92.7% and 94.5% micella after ccm, Assessment of Nuclear Volume is for the former in the latter's micella 2.8 times, the first step Equilibrium constant of association K1 value of condensed-nuclei aromatics and hungry area bundle is all with Cai, anthracene, the increase gradually of pyrene order.Cai, anthracene, the solubilizing amount of pyrene in each F127 and P123 micella all with micella in Assessment of Nuclear Volume increase and linear increasing, solubilizing amount corresponding to each PO group is than approximately large nearly 2 times of solubilizing amount that in dodecyl sodium sulfonate micella kernel, same volume is answered, Pluronic micella except and condensed-nuclei aromatics between have strong interaction, formed core is energetically the key factor that causes large solubilizing amount.
Step S130: the composite material that contains graphene oxide, phenolic resins and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer is placed in to inert protective gas atmosphere; environment temperature to 800～900 ℃ with 10～20 ℃ of heating rate heating composite materials per minute; keep 0.5～2 hour, obtain Graphene-hard carbon composite material after cooling.
Wherein, inert protective gas atmosphere can be inert gas or nitrogen atmosphere.
Preparation method's technique of this Graphene-hard carbon composite material is simple, and convenient operation is easily realized large-scale industrial production.By add formaldehyde in the suspension of graphene oxide, the polymerization reaction that phenol and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer carry out phenolic resins obtains containing graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer, again by composite material slowly heating in protective gas atmosphere, graphene oxide thermal reduction is Graphene on the one hand, phenolic resins and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer decomposes form hard carbon material on the other hand, in the Graphene-hard carbon composite material obtaining, hard carbon material is dispersed in the Graphene of lamella, can effectively prevent between graphene sheet layer mutually stacking, thereby can increase the specific area of Graphene, detect by experiment, the specific area of the Graphene-hard carbon composite material preparing by said method significantly improves than simple grapheme material.
In addition, present embodiment also provides electrochemical capacitor that a kind of energy density is higher and preparation method thereof.
A kind of electrochemical capacitor, be included in electrode slice, barrier film and the electrode slice of lamination setting in housing and be filled in the electrolyte in housing, electrode slice comprises collector and is coated in the electrode slurry on collector, and electrode slurry comprises binding agent, conductive agent and the above-mentioned Graphene-hard carbon composite material mixing.
In the present embodiment, electrolyte is [EMIM] [Tf
2n] (I-ethyl one 3 monomethyl imidazoles trifluoromethanesulp-onyl-onyl imide salt), [BMIM] [BF
4] (1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate) or [BMIM] [PF
6] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate) plasma liquid.Collector is aluminium foil, Copper Foil or nickel foil.Binding agent is Kynoar, and conductive agent is acetylene black, active carbon or carbon black, and the mass ratio of Graphene-hard carbon composite material, binding agent and conductive agent is 85:5:10.
As shown in Figure 2, the preparation method of the electrochemical capacitor of present embodiment, comprises the steps:
Step S210: prepare according to the method described above Graphene-hard carbon composite material.
Step S220: Graphene-hard carbon composite material, binding agent are mixed with conductive agent, obtain electrode slurry.
In the present embodiment, binding agent is Kynoar, and conductive agent is acetylene black, active carbon or carbon black, and the mass ratio of Graphene-hard carbon composite material, binding agent and conductive agent is 85:5:10.
Step S230: electrode slurry is coated on collector, and dry rear section obtains electrode slice.
In the present embodiment, collector is aluminium foil, Copper Foil or nickel foil.
Step S240: coordinate the setting of barrier film lamination to be assembled into battery core two electrode slices, barrier film, between two electrode slices, then is used packaging shell battery core, injects electrolyte, obtains electrochemical capacitor.
In the present embodiment, electrolyte is [BMIM] [BF
4], [BMIM] [PF
6] or [EMIM] [Tf
2n].
By using Graphene-hard carbon composite material that above-mentioned specific area significantly improves as electrode material, the energy density of this electrochemical capacitor significantly improves.And preparation method's technique of above-mentioned electrochemical capacitor is simple, convenient operation, easily realizes large-scale industrial production.
Be below specific embodiment part:
Embodiment 1
The technological process of Graphene-hard carbon composite material prepared by the present embodiment is as follows: composite material → Graphene of graphite → graphite oxide → graphene oxide, phenolic resins and F127-hard carbon composite material, and concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) graphite: purity 99.5%.
(2) graphite oxide: take above-mentioned purity and be in the mixed solution that red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) that 99.5% the graphite 1g concentrated sulfuric acid that to add by 90mL mass fraction be 98% and 25mL mass fraction are 65% forms, mixed liquor is placed under frozen water mixing bath environment and is stirred 20 minutes, in mixed liquor, add 6g potassium permanganate at leisure again, stir 1 hour, then mixed liquor is heated to 85 ° of C and keeps 30 minutes, add afterwards 92mL deionized water to continue to keep 30 minutes under 85 ° of C, finally adding 10mL mass fraction is 30% hydrogenperoxide steam generator, stir 10 minutes to remove unreacted potassium permanganate, afterwards the mixture obtaining is carried out to suction filtration, with 100mL watery hydrochloric acid and 150mL deionized water, solids is washed respectively successively again, wash altogether three times, last solid matter is the dry graphite oxide that obtains for 12 hours in 60 ° of C vacuum drying ovens.
(3) graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and F127: graphite oxide of preparation in (2) is added and prepares the deionized water suspension that concentration is the graphene oxide of 1mg/mL in deionized water, suspension is carried out ultrasonic 2 hours, afterwards the pH value of suspension is adjusted to 3, add again phenol, formaldehyde and F127(BASF Corp product, molecular weight is 12600), the mass ratio of graphene oxide and phenol is 5:1, phenol, the mass ratio of formaldehyde and F127 is 54:50:1, the temperature of the mixture obtaining is risen to 60 ° of C, stir 12 hours, filter, the vacuum drying oven that solid matter is placed in to 60 ° of C dries 12 hours, obtain graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and F127,
(4) Graphene/hard carbon composite material: the composite material of the graphene oxide obtaining in (3), phenolic resins and F127 is placed under the argon atmosphere of flow velocity 400mL/min, the composite material that makes graphene oxide, phenolic resins and F127 with the heating rate of 20 ° of C/min after 30 minutes temperature around rises to 800 ° of C from room temperature, and keep 2 hours, under flow velocity 400mL/min argon atmosphere, temperature is down to room temperature again, obtains Graphene-hard carbon composite material.
Embodiment 2
The technological process of Graphene-hard carbon composite material prepared by the present embodiment is as follows: the composite material → Graphene of graphite → graphite oxide → graphene oxide and phenolic resins-hard carbon composite material, and concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) graphite: purity 99.5%.
(2) graphite oxide: take above-mentioned purity and be in the mixed solution that red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) that 99.5% the graphite 5g concentrated sulfuric acid that to add by 475mL mass fraction be 98% and 120mL mass fraction are 65% forms, mixed liquor is placed under frozen water mixing bath environment and is stirred 20 minutes, in mixed liquor, add 20g potassium permanganate at leisure again, stir 1 hour, then mixed liquor is heated to 85 ° of C and keeps 30 minutes, add afterwards 92mL deionized water to continue to keep 30 minutes under 85 ° of C, finally adding 30mL mass fraction is 30% hydrogenperoxide steam generator, stir 10 minutes to remove unreacted potassium permanganate, afterwards the mixture obtaining is carried out to suction filtration, with 300mL watery hydrochloric acid and 450mL deionized water, solids is washed respectively successively again, wash altogether three times, last solid matter is the dry graphite oxide that obtains for 12 hours in 60 ° of C vacuum drying ovens.
(3) graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and F127: graphite oxide of preparation in (2) is added and prepares the deionized water suspension that concentration is the graphene oxide of 2mg/mL in deionized water, suspension is carried out ultrasonic 3 hours, afterwards the pH value of suspension is adjusted to 4, add again phenol, formaldehyde and F127(BASF Corp product, molecular weight 12600), the mass ratio of graphene oxide and phenol is 5:2, phenol, the mass ratio of formaldehyde and F127 is 55:50:2, the temperature of the mixture obtaining is risen to 50 ° of C, stir 24 hours, filter, the vacuum drying oven that solid matter is placed in to 60 ° of C dries 12 hours, obtain graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and F127,
(4) Graphene/hard carbon composite material: the composite material of the graphene oxide obtaining in (3), phenolic resins and F127 is placed under the argon atmosphere of flow velocity 400mL/min, the composite material that makes graphene oxide, phenolic resins and F127 with the heating rate of 15 ° of C/min after 30 minutes temperature around rises to 900 ° of C from room temperature, and keep 1 hour, under flow velocity 400mL/min argon atmosphere, temperature is down to room temperature again, obtains Graphene-hard carbon composite material.
Embodiment 3
The technological process of Graphene-hard carbon composite material prepared by the present embodiment is as follows: the composite material → Graphene of graphite → graphite oxide → graphene oxide and phenolic resins-hard carbon composite material, and concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) graphite: purity 99.5%.
(2) graphite oxide: take above-mentioned purity and be in the mixed solution that red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) that 99.5% the graphite 2g concentrated sulfuric acid that to add by 170mL mass fraction be 98% and 48mL mass fraction are 65% forms, mixed liquor is placed under frozen water mixing bath environment and is stirred 20 minutes, in mixed liquor, add 8g potassium permanganate at leisure again, stir 1 hour, then mixed liquor is heated to 85 ° of C and keeps 30 minutes, add afterwards 92mL deionized water to continue to keep 30 minutes under 85 ° of C, finally adding 16mL mass fraction is 30% hydrogenperoxide steam generator, stir 10 minutes to remove unreacted potassium permanganate, afterwards the mixture obtaining is carried out to suction filtration, with 250mL watery hydrochloric acid and 300mL deionized water, solids is washed respectively successively again, wash altogether three times, last solid matter is the dry graphite oxide that obtains for 12 hours in 60 ° of C vacuum drying ovens.
(3) graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and F127: graphite oxide of preparation in (2) is added and prepares the deionized water suspension that concentration is the graphene oxide of 0.5mg/mL in deionized water, suspension is carried out ultrasonic 1 hour, afterwards the pH value of suspension is adjusted to 3, add again phenol, formaldehyde and F127(BASF Corp product, molecular weight 12600), the mass ratio of graphene oxide and phenol is 5:3, phenol, the mass ratio of formaldehyde and F127 is 12:10:1, the temperature of the mixture obtaining is risen to 70 ° of C, stir 15 hours, filter, the vacuum drying oven that solid matter is placed in to 60 ° of C dries 12 hours, obtain graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and F127,
(4) Graphene/hard carbon composite material: the composite material of the graphene oxide obtaining in (3), phenolic resins and F127 is placed under the argon atmosphere of flow velocity 400mL/min, the composite material that makes graphene oxide, phenolic resins and F127 with the heating rate of 10 ° of C/min after 30 minutes temperature around rises to 850 ° of C from room temperature, and keep 0.5 hour, under flow velocity 400mL/min argon atmosphere, temperature is down to room temperature again, obtains Graphene-hard carbon composite material.
Embodiment 4
The technological process of Graphene-hard carbon composite material prepared by the present embodiment is as follows: the composite material → Graphene of graphite → graphite oxide → graphene oxide and phenolic resins-hard carbon composite material, and concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) graphite: purity 99.5%.
(2) graphite oxide: take above-mentioned purity and be in the mixed solution that red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) that 99.5% the graphite 1g concentrated sulfuric acid that to add by 90mL mass fraction be 98% and 25mL mass fraction are 65% forms, mixed liquor is placed under frozen water mixing bath environment and is stirred 20 minutes, in mixed liquor, add 4g potassium permanganate at leisure again, stir 1 hour, then mixed liquor is heated to 85 ° of C and keeps 30 minutes, add afterwards 92mL deionized water to continue to keep 30 minutes under 85 ° of C, finally adding 9mL mass fraction is 30% hydrogenperoxide steam generator, stir 10 minutes to remove unreacted potassium permanganate, afterwards the mixture obtaining is carried out to suction filtration, with 100mL watery hydrochloric acid and 150mL deionized water, solids is washed respectively successively again, wash altogether three times, last solid matter is the dry graphite oxide that obtains for 12 hours in 60 ° of C vacuum drying ovens.
(3) graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and F127: graphite oxide of preparation in (2) is added and prepares the deionized water suspension that concentration is the graphene oxide of 1mg/mL in deionized water, suspension is carried out ultrasonic 2 hours, afterwards the pH value of suspension is adjusted to 5, add again phenol, formaldehyde and F127(BASF Corp product, molecular weight 12600), the mass ratio of graphene oxide and phenol is 10:1, phenol, the mass ratio of formaldehyde and F127 is 13:10:2, the temperature of the mixture obtaining is risen to 80 ° of C, stir 10 hours, filter, the vacuum drying oven that solid matter is placed in to 60 ° of C dries 12 hours, obtain graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and F127,
(4) Graphene/hard carbon composite material: the composite material of the graphene oxide obtaining in (3), phenolic resins and F127 is placed under the argon atmosphere of flow velocity 400mL/min, the composite material that makes graphene oxide, phenolic resins and F127 with the heating rate of 15 ° of C/min after 30 minutes temperature around rises to 900 ° of C from room temperature, and keep 2 hours, under flow velocity 400mL/min argon atmosphere, temperature is down to room temperature again, obtains Graphene-hard carbon composite material.
Embodiment 5
The technological process of Graphene-hard carbon composite material prepared by the present embodiment is as follows: composite material → Graphene of graphite → graphite oxide → graphene oxide, phenolic resins and P123-hard carbon composite material, and concrete preparation process is as follows:
(5) graphite: purity 99.5%.
(6) graphite oxide: take above-mentioned purity and be in the mixed solution that red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) that 99.5% the graphite 1g concentrated sulfuric acid that to add by 90mL mass fraction be 98% and 25mL mass fraction are 65% forms, mixed liquor is placed under frozen water mixing bath environment and is stirred 20 minutes, in mixed liquor, add 6g potassium permanganate at leisure again, stir 1 hour, then mixed liquor is heated to 85 ° of C and keeps 30 minutes, add afterwards 92mL deionized water to continue to keep 30 minutes under 85 ° of C, finally adding 10mL mass fraction is 30% hydrogenperoxide steam generator, stir 10 minutes to remove unreacted potassium permanganate, afterwards the mixture obtaining is carried out to suction filtration, with 100mL watery hydrochloric acid and 150mL deionized water, solids is washed respectively successively again, wash altogether three times, last solid matter is the dry graphite oxide that obtains for 12 hours in 60 ° of C vacuum drying ovens.
(7) graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and P123: graphite oxide of preparation in (2) is added and prepares the deionized water suspension that concentration is the graphene oxide of 1mg/mL in deionized water, suspension is carried out ultrasonic 2 hours, afterwards the pH value of suspension is adjusted to 3, add again phenol, formaldehyde and P123(BASF Corp product, molecular weight 5750), the mass ratio of graphene oxide and phenol is 5:1, phenol, the mass ratio of formaldehyde and P123 is 54:50:1, the temperature of the mixture obtaining is risen to 60 ° of C, stir 12 hours, filter, the vacuum drying oven that solid matter is placed in to 60 ° of C dries 12 hours, obtain graphene oxide, the composite material of phenolic resins and P123,
(8) Graphene/hard carbon composite material: the composite material of the graphene oxide obtaining in (3), phenolic resins and P123 is placed under the argon atmosphere of flow velocity 400mL/min, the composite material that makes graphene oxide, phenolic resins and P123 with the heating rate of 20 ° of C/min after 30 minutes temperature around rises to 800 ° of C from room temperature, and keep 2 hours, under flow velocity 400mL/min argon atmosphere, temperature is down to room temperature again, obtains Graphene-hard carbon composite material.
Embodiment 6
(1) ratio that is 85:5:10 according to mass ratio, mixes Graphene-hard carbon composite material, Kynoar binding agent and the conductive agent acetylene black of embodiment 1 preparation, obtains slurry;
(2) slurry is coated on aluminium foil, through 80 ° of C, after dry 2 hours, makes slicing treatment, make the electrode slice of electrochemical capacitor.
(3) by the electrode slice obtaining in the electrode slice obtaining in (2), barrier film, (2) in order stack of laminations dress up battery core, then use housing seal battery core, toward the liquid injection port being arranged on housing, in housing, inject electrolyte [EMIM] [Tf subsequently
2n], sealing liquid injection port, obtains electrochemical capacitor.
(4) electrochemical capacitor of assembling in (3) is carried out to charge-discharge test, voltage window is 4V.
Embodiment 7～10
The preparation method of the electrochemical capacitor of embodiment 7～10 is identical with the method for embodiment 6, and the electrode material just adopting is respectively the prepared Graphene-hard carbon composite material of embodiment 2-5, and the electrolyte of employing is followed successively by [BMIM] [BF
4], [BMIM] [PF
6], [BMIM] [PF
6] and [EMIM] [Tf
2n], the collector of employing is respectively aluminium foil, Copper Foil, aluminium foil, nickel foil and aluminium foil, the conductive agent of employing is respectively acetylene black, active carbon, acetylene black, carbon black and acetylene black.
Table 1 is that the prepared Graphene-hard carbon composite material of embodiment 1-5 is specific area test data, as follows:
Table 1
| Specific area (m 2/g） | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1543 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1721 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1946 |
| Embodiment 4 | 1423 |
| Embodiment 5 | 1654 |
The specific area that can find out Graphene-hard carbon composite material that the preparation method of employing embodiment 1-5 prepares by table 1 data is all at 1400m
2more than/g, be up to 1946m
2/ g, has higher specific area.
The electrochemical capacitor that table 2 is prepared for embodiment 6-10 carries out the specific capacity data of charge-discharge test under 1A/g electric current, as follows:
Table 2
| Specific capacity (F/g) | |
| Embodiment 6 | 195 |
| Embodiment 7 | 208 |
| Embodiment 8 | 222 |
| Embodiment 9 | 183 |
| Embodiment 10 | 215 |
As can be seen from Table 2, electrochemical capacitor prepared by the employing Graphene-hard carbon composite material specific capacity under 1A/g current density all, more than 180F/g, is up to 222F/g, has excellent energy-storage property.
The above embodiment has only expressed several execution mode of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection range of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method for Graphene-hard carbon composite material, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Graphite oxide is added to the water, after ultrasonic dispersion, makes graphene oxide suspension;
Regulate pH to 2～5 of described graphene oxide suspension, in described graphene oxide suspension, add formaldehyde, phenol and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer, the mass ratio of graphene oxide and phenol is 5:0.5～3, the mass ratio of phenol, formaldehyde and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer is 54～65:50:1～10, add thermal agitation and make formaldehyde and phenol carry out polymerization reaction, obtain the composite material that contains graphene oxide, phenolic resins and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer;
The described composite material that contains graphene oxide, phenolic resins and polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer is placed in to inert protective gas atmosphere; environment temperature to 800～900 ℃ of heating described composite material with 10～20 ℃ of heating rates per minute; keep 0.5～2 hour, obtain described Graphene-hard carbon composite material after cooling.
2. the preparation method of Graphene-hard carbon composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described graphite oxide prepares as follows:
Purity being not less than to 99.5% graphite is added in the mixed solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), at 0 ℃, be uniformly mixed, in mixed solution, add potassium permanganate again, stirring reaction is tentatively oxidized graphite, reaction system is heated to 85 ℃ again and makes graphite complete oxidation, in the most backward reaction system, add hydrogenperoxide steam generator to remove excessive potassium permanganate, suction filtration, with watery hydrochloric acid and deionized water, the solids obtaining is washed successively, after being dried, obtain described graphite oxide.
3. the preparation method of Graphene-hard carbon composite material as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the mass concentration of the described concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%, the mass concentration of described red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is 65%, the mass fraction of described hydrogenperoxide steam generator is 30%, every gram of described graphite correspondence 90～95mL concentrated sulfuric acid, 24～25mL red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), 4～6g potassium permanganate and 6～10mL hydrogen peroxide.
4. the preparation method of Graphene-hard carbon composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the concentration of described graphene oxide suspension is 0.5～2mg/mL.
5. the preparation method of Graphene-hard carbon composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described polyoxyethylene-poly-oxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock copolymer is F127 or P123.
6. Graphene-hard carbon composite material that prepared by the preparation method of the employing Graphene-hard carbon composite material as described in any one in claim 1～5.
7. an electrochemical capacitor, be included in electrode slice, barrier film and the electrode slice of lamination setting in housing and be filled in the electrolyte in described housing, described electrode slice comprises collector and is coated in the electrode slurry on described collector, it is characterized in that, described electrode slurry comprises Graphene-hard carbon composite material prepared by the preparation method of the binding agent, conductive agent and the Graphene-hard carbon composite material as claimed in claim 6 that mix.
8. electrochemical capacitor as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described electrolyte is [BMIM] [BF
4], [BMIM] [PF
6] or [EMIM] [Tf
2n]; Described binding agent is Kynoar, and described conductive agent is acetylene black, active carbon or carbon black; Described collector is aluminium foil, Copper Foil or nickel foil.
9. electrochemical capacitor as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described Graphene-hard carbon composite material, described binding agent and described conductive agent is 85:5:10.
10. a preparation method for electrochemical capacitor, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Want Graphene-hard carbon composite material, binding agent described in 6 to mix with conductive agent right, obtain electrode slurry;
Described electrode slurry is coated on collector, and dry rear section obtains electrode slice;
Coordinate the setting of barrier film lamination to be assembled into battery core two described electrode slices, described barrier film, between two described electrode slices, then is used battery core described in packaging shell, injects electrolyte, obtains described electrochemical capacitor.
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Application publication date: 20140924 |