CN104063006A - Maximum power tracing algorithm based on power prediction - Google Patents
Maximum power tracing algorithm based on power prediction Download PDFInfo
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- CN104063006A CN104063006A CN201410279721.0A CN201410279721A CN104063006A CN 104063006 A CN104063006 A CN 104063006A CN 201410279721 A CN201410279721 A CN 201410279721A CN 104063006 A CN104063006 A CN 104063006A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a maximum power tracing method. The maximum power tracing method optimizes and adjusts a conventional maximum power tracing algorithm on the basis of power prediction, that is, current maximum power tracing disturbance is modified and optimized through power prediction when an original maximum power tracing algorithm is reserved. The maximum power tracing method can overcome the defects of the conventional maximum power tracing algorithm and solve the problems such as misjudgment and local maximum power. The maximum power tracing method reserves the original maximum power tracing algorithm to the limit, and thus facilitates transplant of optimization algorithms under different platforms and different maximum power tracing methods.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic power generation technology, relate to particularly maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology of the photovoltaic cell based on power prediction.
Background technology
Because human society is more and more vigorous to the demand of the energy, traditional fossil fuel exhausts fast, International Energy Agency's prediction, and whole world coal can only be with 220 years, and oil-gas mining peak value is positioned at 2012, and will be at 30～60 years approach exhaustions.The coal of China is exploited 80 years only according to estimates, and rock gas can be exploited 30 years, and oil can be exploited 20 years.And the use procedure meeting of traditional fossil fuel causes a large amount of pollutions.At present, due to a large amount of use mineral fuel, the mankind discharge a large amount of harmful gases in atmosphere, havoc the ecologic environment of the earth.Caused such as the temperature rises, sea level rise, acid rain etc. harm.Therefore the huge pollution that, day by day exhausted traditional energy and traditional energy cause has all proposed new problem to the mankind.For these situations, exploitation environmental protection and reproducible new forms of energy are the inevitable choices that realize human kind sustainable development.
Sun power is the final source of other all energy on the earth.And the utilization of sun power can not produce any pollution to environment, is the cleanest energy.Sun power utilization at present mainly contains three kinds of modes:
(1) basic mode of solar thermal utilization when light-Re conversion solar light-Re changes, it is to utilize sun power that water heating is stored in to the mode facilitating the use in water tank, this heat energy can be widely used in heating, refrigeration, dry, greenhouse, the every field such as culinary art and industrial and agricultural production.
(2) conversion of light-electricity it be to utilize photovoltaic effect principle to make solar cell, the luminous energy of the sun can be directly changed into electric energy and be used.
(3) light-chemical conversion light-chemical conversion is still in the research and development stage, and this technology comprises that semi-conducting electrode produces electricity and brine electrolysis generation hydrogen, utilizes the forms such as calcium hydroxide or metal hydride thermal decomposition energy storage.
Recent years; because various countries are to the pay attention to day by day of environmental protection and to coal; oil; the worry that the primary energy such as rock gas are petered out; in the world many countries especially the government of developed country launch respectively various preferential policies; start national project, build the scale market of photovoltaic solar generating, effectively pulled the development of photovoltaic generation industry.China also formulates in January, 2007, promulgated < < regenerative resource Long-and Medium-term Development planning > >, according to being planned for 2010, China's solar electrical energy generation total volume is 400MW, the year two thousand twenty is 2200MW, and the photovoltaic solar power generating industry of China will welcome one and develop for a long time and fast situation.
In solar grid-connected electricity generation system, the output efficiency that improves solar cell is one of technology of wherein most critical; Improve the generating efficiency of whole electricity generation system, will make solar cell always work in maximum power point, make the power of its output maximum.From the introduction of photovoltaic cell, can find out, the U-I characteristic of solar cell has nonlinear characteristic, and may change along with the change of environment at any time, and this has all caused difficulty to the tracking of peak power.But meanwhile, we also can observe, under certain intensity of illumination and temperature, always exist the maximum power point of a solar cell.Therefore, how to search out maximum power point, and make the stable maximum power point that is operated in of solar cell just seem and be even more important.
MPPT maximum power point tracking is exactly in fact one and finds optimum process,, by controlling the terminal voltage of solar cell, changes the working point of solar cell.When the battery operated left side at maximum power point voltage, battery output power increases with the rising of voltage; When the battery operated right side at maximum power point voltage, battery output power reduces with the rising of voltage.The process nature of maximal power tracing judges the residing perform region of current battery exactly, and adjusts accordingly the terminal voltage of battery, the process that the working point of solar cell is drawn close to maximum power point.
When extraneous intensity of illumination and temperature are under situation of change fast, to there is erroneous judgement in conventional maximum power tracing, therefore conventional algorithm is as disturbance observation, conductance increment method, also just cannot realize the accurate tracking of maximum power point, make DC bus-bar voltage depart from for a long time desired voltage, have a strong impact on generating efficiency, and may distort because erroneous judgement causes the too low output current that makes of busbar voltage.
At present, for the maximum power point tracing method that solves erroneous judgement situation, can use genetic algorithm, particle group optimizing (PSO) method.Although genetic algorithm can trace into maximum power point, can not make system stability and be operated in maximum power point, and algorithm is comparatively complicated. need the parameter of adjusting more; And PSO algorithm is comparatively simple, but particle swarm optimization algorithm has and is easily absorbed in the shortcoming that locally optimal solution, speed of convergence deficiency and search precision reduce gradually.Also have and adopt the mode of power prediction to realize the erroneous judgement that chugging occurs.
Therefore, need to develop a kind of new maximum power tracking method and solve the problem that prior art exists, reduce the erroneous judgement that chugging occurs.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the deficiency that in prior art, MPPT maximum power point tracking exists, a kind of method of the maximal power tracing based on power prediction is provided, be that base is optimized and revised variable step conductance increment method by power forecasting method, realize the quick tracking of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point.The method can overcome the shortcoming that conventional disturbance observation, conductance increment such as send out at the method, solve external condition sudden change and occur the problems such as erroneous judgement and local peak power, fast, accurately track maximum power point, to original maximal power tracing algorithm is maximum, retain simultaneously, facilitate optimized algorithm to transplant under the different peak power algorithms of different platform, realize and optimize conventional MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm.
Ultimate principle of the present invention:
By conductance increment method, realize MPPT maximum power point tracking, when externally condition changes, such as external light intensity change etc., to there is erroneous judgement in conventional maximal power tracing algorithm, make DC bus-bar voltage depart from for a long time desired voltage, have a strong impact on generating efficiency, and may be because erroneous judgement causes busbar voltage too low and make output current distortion.Employing is optimized conventional maximal power tracing algorithm based on power forecasting method, is not limited to conductance increment method and realizes MPPT maximum power point tracking, by power prediction Δ P
k=P
k+ P
k-1-2*P
k-1/2optimize conventional maximal power tracing algorithm, solve erroneous judgement problem, finally by adjusting conventional peak power algorithm, realize the object of maximal power tracing.
For realizing order of the present invention, by power prediction, optimize the technical scheme of conventional maximal power tracing algorithm:
A method for maximal power tracing based on power prediction, the method includes the steps of:
1) measure photovoltaic battery module output voltage U
kwith electric current I
k, rated output P
k,
After upper half sampling period, measured photovoltaic battery module output voltage U
k-1/2with electric current I
k-1/2, rated output P
k-1/2;
2) calculate
And
ΔP
k＝P
k+P
k-1-2*P
k-1/2；
3) adopt conductance increment method to judge maximum power point;
4) adopt Δ P
koptimize conductance increment method judgement maximum power point, by Δ P
krevise conductance increment method direction, as conductance increment method perturbation direction and Δ P
kwhen identification direction is consistent, keep conductance increment method perturbation direction; Conductance increment method perturbation direction and Δ P
kwhen identification direction is inconsistent, adopt Δ P
kidentification direction is revised conductance increment method direction.
Preferably, in described step 3, available disturbance observation, variable step disturbance observation, constant voltage tracing, the conventional MPPT algorithm such as the method for successive approximation replaces conductance increment method to judge maximum power point.
Preferably, in described step 3, judgement maximum power point is specially: the position of being compared and judged present operating point and maximum power point by dP (k)/dU (k);
If dP (k)/dU (k) > 0, increases the disturbance of reference voltage, U
ref=U
ref+ k|dP (k)/dU (k) |;
If dP (k)/dU (k) < 0, reduces the disturbance of reference voltage, U
ref=U
ref-k|dP (k)/dU (k) |.
Further, above-mentioned k is constant constant (representing deltaU, namely each step change in voltage situation), reference voltage.When photovoltaic cell working point is during away from maximum power point, disturbance step-length will be with k|dP (k)/dU (k) | increase; Otherwise when solving maximum power point, step-length will be with k|dP (k)/dU (k) | reduce and reduce.
Preferably, in described step 4,
Wherein revise conductance increment direction and refer to change conductance increment method perturbation motion method,
Being specially when the disturbance of conductance increment method increase reference voltage, is to reduce voltage disturbance after revising;
When conductance increment method reduces reference voltage disturbance, it after revising, is increase voltage disturbance.
Preferably, the described Δ P in described step 4
koptimize conductance increment method judgement maximum power point, be specially:
If Δ P
k> 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) > 0, keeps conductance increment method perturbation direction;
If Δ P
k> 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) < 0, keeps conductance increment method perturbation direction;
If Δ P
k< 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) > 0, revises conductance increment method perturbation direction;
If Δ P
k< 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) < 0, revises conductance increment method perturbation direction.
A kind of parallel network power generation equipment that carries any one such scheme method.
Beneficial effect
Compare with prior art, embodiment of the present invention, in maximal power tracing algorithm, optimize erroneous judgement situation perturbation direction, when retaining original maximal power tracing algorithm, solve conventional maximal power tracing algorithm and in the quick situation of change of external condition, occurred the problem of erroneous judgement, and avoid tracking local maximum power point, realize the maximal power tracing of real meaning.Method provided by the invention can significantly reduce energy loss, improves system generating efficiency.The method that patent of the present invention provides simultaneously has independent, portable, when retaining original maximal power tracing algorithm function, can want, in conjunction with realizing maximal power tracing, to improve the whole efficiency of system with all conventional algorithms.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, forms the application's a part, does not form limitation of the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the maximal power tracing algorithmic system schematic diagram that the present invention is based on power prediction,
Fig. 2 is the maximal power tracing algorithm embodiment process flow diagram that the present invention is based on power prediction;
Fig. 3 is that the maximal power tracing algorithm that the present invention is based on power prediction is not implemented front power situation;
Fig. 4 is that the maximal power tracing algorithm that the present invention is based on power prediction is implemented the power situation of front and back,
Wherein serial a is power situation before prediction optimization maximal power tracing algorithm,
Series b is power situation after prediction optimization maximal power tracing algorithm,
Series a and serial b represent maximum power point power situation.
Symbol description: 1, photovoltaic battery panel, 2, DC-DC circuit, 3, DC-AC inverter circuit, 4, electrical network, 5, controller.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing of the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention is checked, intactly described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, be the solar grid-connected electricity generation system schematic diagram of the maximal power tracing algorithm based on power prediction of the present invention, this system comprises, photovoltaic battery module 1, the inversion module being mainly comprised of DC/DC2 and DC/AC3, controller 5, and electrical network 4.The direct current that photovoltaic battery module 1 produces generates satisfactory alternating current and is connected to the grid 4 after inversion module inversion, controller 5 includes DSP (not shown) by collecting the voltage of photovoltaic battery module 1, current information, and the information of DC/AC3 is controlled inversion module.
Power prediction optimization maximal power tracing algorithm of the present invention is characterised in that the voltage of described photovoltaic battery module, current information pass through collecting unit, Circuit tuning, finally be input to the digital signal processor of controller 5, then by reference voltage is adjusted, control maximal power tracing.
Power prediction of the present invention is optimized maximal power tracing algorithm and is characterised in that described digital signal processor (DSP) output algorithm control signal, and this control signal is amplified by driving.
As shown in Figure 2, be the process flow diagram of the maximal power tracing algorithm based on power prediction of the present invention, the realization in power prediction optimization maximal power tracing algorithm comprises following process particularly:
Step 1, voltage and the current information of collection photovoltaic battery module: Uk-1/2, Ik-1/2Uk, Ik;
Step 2, calculates
and Δ P
k=P
k+ P
k-1-2*P
k-1/2;
Step 3, judges the perturbation direction of maximal power tracing by dP (k)/dU (k);
Step 4, according to Δ P
k, judge that whether the given perturbation direction of dP (k)/dU (k) is correct;
If Δ P
k> 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) > 0, keeps conductance increment method perturbation direction;
If Δ P
k< 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) > 0, revises conductance increment method perturbation direction;
If Δ P
k> 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) < 0, keeps conductance increment method perturbation direction;
If Δ P
k< 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) < 0, revises conductance increment method perturbation direction;
Step 5, after step 4 is complete, finishes,
Turn back to step 1, carry out next cycle.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 3, Fig. 4 illustrates the effect of technical solution of the present invention,
As shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 is the power situation figure before the maximal power tracing algorithm that the present invention is based on power prediction is not implemented: curve a and curve b are photovoltaic cell voltage curve; Curve a is not for to adopt the maximal power tracing algorithm based on power prediction, and curve b is the maximal power tracing algorithm of employing based on power prediction, and curve C is output power curve; From curve waveform, can find out, curve a does not adopt the maximal power tracing of power prediction algorithm correction, can not track maximum power of photovoltaic cell point voltage, thereby cannot realize maximum power output.
Fig. 4 is that the maximal power tracing algorithm that the present invention is based on power prediction is implemented the power situation of front and back, wherein curve a is for adopting the maximal power tracing based on power prediction, and curve b is not for adopting the maximal power tracing based on power prediction, from test figure, can find out, adopt power prediction to calculate output power and will be stabilized in local maximum power point, rather than current global maximum power point.
In this programme, the voltage of photovoltaic battery module and electric current are direct current, and sampling unit is by being used sensor to detect voltage and the electric current of photovoltaic battery module.Due to control module use is dsp chip, the A/D converter carrying on its chip is unipolar, can only receive the voltage signal of 0～3.0V, therefore gather voltage and need to change that (voltage signal is converted to the AD mouth safe voltage of 0-3v, at dsp chip, according to AD mouth voltage transitions, be normal signal), could be connected with the DSP of control module like this, in dsp chip, realize and optimize maximal power tracing algorithm.
Technique effect:
This programme power prediction is optimized peak power on the basis of conventional maximal power tracing algorithm, and the voltage and current of photovoltaic battery module output was measured in increase after upper half sampling period of sampling; By calculating upper half sampling period prediction current power situation of change; Revise and optimize current maximal power tracing algorithm;
If the given perturbation direction of power prediction and the consistent situation of maximal power tracing algorithm assigned direction, keep maximal power tracing algorithm assigned direction;
If the given perturbation direction of power prediction and the inconsistent situation of maximal power tracing algorithm assigned direction, optimizing maximal power tracing direction is the given perturbation direction of power prediction;
By optimizing maximal power tracing algorithm, improve the efficiency of system.
Above-described embodiment is only explanation technical conceive of the present invention and typical feature; its object is to allow person skilled in the art can understand content of the present invention and implement according to this; can not limit the scope of the invention with this; for example; technique scheme adopts conductance increment method to judge maximum power point; available disturbance observation, variable step disturbance observation, constant voltage tracing, the conventional MPPT algorithm such as the method for successive approximation replaces.
All equivalent transformations that Spirit Essence is done according to the present invention or modification, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a method for the maximal power tracing based on power prediction, the method includes the steps of:
1) measure photovoltaic battery module output voltage U
kwith electric current I
k, rated output P
k,
After upper half sampling period, measured photovoltaic battery module output voltage U
k-1/2with electric current I
k-1/2, rated output P
k-1/2;
2) calculate
And
ΔP
k＝P
k+P
k-1-2*P
k-1/2；
3) adopt conductance increment method to judge maximum power point;
4) adopt Δ P
koptimize conductance increment method judgement maximum power point, by Δ P
krevise conductance increment method direction.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step 3,
Judgement maximum power point is specially: the position of being compared and judged present operating point and maximum power point by dP (k)/dU (k);
If dP (k)/dU (k) > 0, increases the disturbance of reference voltage, U
ref=U
ref+ k|dP (k)/dU (k) |;
If dP (k)/dU (k) < 0, reduces the disturbance of reference voltage, U
ref=U
ref-k|dP (k)/dU (k) |.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that:
K is constant constant,
When photovoltaic cell working point is during away from maximum power point, disturbance step-length will be with k|dP (k)/dU (k) | increase;
Otherwise when solving maximum power point, step-length will be with k|dP (k)/dU (k) | reduce and reduce.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step 4,
Wherein revise conductance increment direction and refer to change conductance increment method perturbation motion method, be specially:
When conductance increment method increases reference voltage disturbance, it after revising, is minimizing voltage disturbance;
When conductance increment method reduces reference voltage disturbance, it after revising, is increase voltage disturbance.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described Δ P in described step 4
koptimize conductance increment method judgement maximum power point, as conductance increment method perturbation direction and Δ P
kwhen identification direction is consistent, keep conductance increment method perturbation direction;
Conductance increment method perturbation direction and Δ P
kwhen identification direction is inconsistent, adopt Δ P
kidentification direction is revised conductance increment method direction;
Be specially:
If Δ P
k> 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) > 0, keeps conductance increment method perturbation direction;
If Δ P
k> 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) < 0, keeps conductance increment method perturbation direction;
If Δ P
k< 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) > 0, revises conductance increment method perturbation direction;
If Δ P
k< 0, and dP (k)/dU (k) < 0, revises conductance increment method perturbation direction.
6. the parallel network power generation equipment of lift-launch method described in claim 1-5.
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| CN105259971A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-01-20 | 北京京仪绿能电力系统工程有限公司 | Optimized MPPT algorithm |
| CN105322532A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-02-10 | 上海电力学院 | Direct current micro-grid energy storage optimization and coordination control method |
| CN105446413A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-03-30 | 哈密创动科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic inverter and maximum power point tracking method and device thereof |
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