CN104062983B - A kind of position control system with high accuracy of harmonic drive and method - Google Patents

A kind of position control system with high accuracy of harmonic drive and method Download PDF

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CN104062983B
CN104062983B CN201410299719.XA CN201410299719A CN104062983B CN 104062983 B CN104062983 B CN 104062983B CN 201410299719 A CN201410299719 A CN 201410299719A CN 104062983 B CN104062983 B CN 104062983B
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ring
motor
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黄永梅
蔡华祥
杜俊峰
唐涛
张桐
付承毓
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Institute of Optics and Electronics of CAS
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of position control system with high accuracy of harmonic drive and method, for the nonlinear dead-zone characteristic that harmonic drive flexibility is brought, present invention employs electric current ring set dual rate-loop, the control structure of position ring is covered again, the Dead Zone in system tracing control is inhibited, the precision of tracing control is improve.The control method mainly make use of the advantage of many closed loops of output feedback, the stationarity that output torque increased using electric current loop, the rotating speed that decoupling rotor is solved using the position that rotary encoder is measured constitutes the speed closed loop of motor side, isolate the nonlinear characteristics such as flexibility and the friction of harmonic speed reducer in advance, enhance the jamproof ability of motor.The outer speed ring and position ring being made up of tachometer and photoelectric encoder in conjunction with load end carries out precise control to load.Compared with the high accuracy control technology of existing harmonic drive, with high precision, control structure characteristic that is simple and being easy to debugging.

Description

A kind of position control system with high accuracy of harmonic drive and method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the high-precision servo control field of harmonic drive, and in particular to harmonic wave in a kind of photoelectric follow-up The high-precision control system of decelerator and method.Harmonic speed reducer belongs to compliant gear, therefore flat with harmonic speed reducer The platform non-linear effects that inevitably driven gap and flexibility are brought, this are mainly shown as a kind of dead band phenomenon.This Invention contributes to the characteristic of the dead-time voltage for suppressing gap and flexibility to bring, and improves the tracking accuracy of servosystem.
Technical background
Harmonic drive is a kind of drive technology that the fast development of twentieth century the 80s and 90s is got up, and which is with small volume, weight Amount is light, and gear ratio is big, and the little advantage of drive gap is shown one's talent in the transmission of various decelerators.It is utilized between firm wheel and flexbile gear Number of teeth difference is transmitting energy so that decelerator can also have larger gear ratio in the case of volume and weight is less, it is ensured that Output torque.Its appearance is also brought beneficial to solving directly to be driven from torque motor in the motion platform such as airborne, vehicle-mounted Volume and weight in terms of all excessive problem.But compare torque motor and directly drive, harmonic drive also has its own Problem, such as small drive gap, Flexible Transmission, the problems such as rub big.Therefore, since coming out from harmonic drive, which has been overcome to pass The defect of the aspects such as dynamic gap, flexible and friction is also all the emphasis of research always.In the last few years, some for harmonic drive Nonlinear characteristic, has also emerged in large numbers the control algolithm and control structure of many.If Qiu Zhicheng et al. is in article《It is based on acceleration sensing The research of the Harmonic Drive of device feedback control》(《China Mechanical Engineering》2000,11 phases of volume 11,1201-1205 page) In, it is the vibration for suppressing the factors such as harmonic speed reducer flexibility, non-linear friction to bring to load, it is proposed that based on acceleration sensing Device feedback control, the active damping that increased system carry out the nonlinear disturbance of suppression system, but the method needs to introduce acceleration Count to measure the acceleration of load.Han Bangcheng of BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics et al. is in article《The non-linear of harmonic speed reducer rubs Wipe modeling and compensate》(《Optical precision engineering》2011,5 phases of volume 19,1095-1103 page) in propose by designing angular speed Estimator calculates moment of friction, derives and sets up the nonlinear friction mode of harmonic speed reducer, be added into servosystem As feedforward compensation.Wang Huifang et al. is in article《The improvement adaptive robust control of harmonic drive servosystem》(《Zhejiang University Journal》2012, the phase of volume 46 10,1757-1763 page) in propose to suppress using a kind of improved adaptive robust control algorithm Harmonic speed reducer object uncertain and non-linear.Xia Bin is in master thesis《Harmonic Drive nonlinear Control》 For the working condition that Harmonic Drive is different in (Xian Electronics Science and Technology University's master thesis in 2012), it is proposed that non- Linear scale-derivative controller and the output feedback ontrol based on position measurement.
A kind of easy control algolithm is proposed from the present invention unlike above-mentioned control method, it is mainly used in photoelectric tracking The position tracking precision of harmonic drive is improved in control system.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is:Overcome drive system gap, it is non-linear dead that flexible and friction brings Zone properties.For deficiency of the conventional art in terms of the characteristic of suppression system nonlinear dead-zone, it is proposed that a kind of height of harmonic drive Precision position control method, have the advantages that high precision, control structure is simple and is easy to debugging.
The present invention technical solution be:The position control system with high accuracy of harmonic drive is by electric current loop, motor side speed Degree ring, load end speed ring and load situation ring group into many closed-loop control systems.By designing motor side speed ring, by harmonic wave The nonlinear characteristic of decelerator is isolated in outside motor current ring and speed ring, increased the disturbance rejection of direct current brushless servo motor Ability.In the external design (calculated) load speed ring and load situation ring of motor speed ring, the high precision position control of harmonic drive is realized System, overcomes the nonlinear dead-zone characteristic of harmonic drive.
The position control system with high accuracy of harmonic drive, including:Current loop controller, motor side speed ring controller, negative Carry end speed ring controller, load end ring controller;Current loop controller and motor side speed ring controller necessary hardware Including:DC brushless motor, rotary encoder and motor driver;Load end speed ring controller necessary hardware includes:Direct current Brushless electric machine, rotary encoder, motor driver, main control computer and tachometer;Load end ring controller necessary hardware Including:DC brushless motor, rotary encoder, motor driver, main control computer, tachometer and photoelectric encoder;Wherein revolve Turn the afterbody that encoder is mounted in DC brushless motor, turn inside DC brushless motor by being detected using rotary encoder characteristic The position of son, and the corresponding speed of decoupling and electric current is solved, so that the design of motor side speed ring and electric current loop can be completed;For as far as possible The loss of rigidity caused between connector is avoided, the output shaft of motor is connected directly on the wave producer of harmonic speed reducer, as The high speed shaft of decelerator input, while for the frame that the casing of DC brushless motor harmonic decelerator is fixed on system On, two fixed transition pieces, i.e. First Transition part and the second transition piece is needed, by the two transition pieces, brush DC electricity Machine harmonic is slowed down and is fixed in frame, and the slow-speed shaft of harmonic speed reducer output is coupled with the connector that load is rotated with one To in load.
Control process:As shown in Figure 1, 2, position control instruction and photoelectric coding are sent by main control computer in outermost loop The position signalling that device is measured is sent to load end ring controller in the lump and carries out load end ring correction.After position ring correction The rate signal that signal is fed back with tachometer again is sent to load end speed ring controller and makees load end velocity correction.Load end The rate signal after the decoupling of signal and rotary encoder after speed ring correction, then give motor side speed ring controller and make motor End velocity correction.Signal after correction again with motor driver inside the current signal that detects be sent to current loop controller and do electricity The command signal that correction is completed finally is given DC brushless motor by stream correction, so as to transport through harmonic speed reducer band dynamic load Dynamic.
Implement step as follows:
The first step, current loop controller in design harmonic drive system.
There is the size for detecting that the device of electric current can detect three-phase current on motor inside motor driver, using the device The feedback signal that the electric current for detecting is driven as electric current loop, the driving current being input into DC brushless motor on motor driver As reference signal, current loop controller C of designIS () is as follows:
Wherein KpiFor proportionality coefficient, KiiFor integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator;
Second step, using the tachometer design (calculated) load end speed ring controller of load end.
Load end speed loop is a closed loop on the basis of electric current loop closed loop, mainly using tachometer The loading speed signal for measuring in real time is believed as the reference of system as feedback signal, the rate signal sent by main control computer Number, design (calculated) load end speed ring controller CVlS () is as follows:
Wherein KplFor proportionality coefficient, KilFor integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator.Using the controller output signal as The reference signal of the reference signal of motor driver, i.e. current loop controller, then completes the first step again, last note in real time The speed data of the load that record tachometer is measured;
3rd step, using the high precision photoelectric encoder design load end ring closed loop control of detection load Angle Position Device.
Load situation loop back path is a closed loop on the basis of speed loop, current loop, main utilization The load position signal that high-precision photoelectric encoder is measured in real time is believed by the motion that main control computer sends as feedback signal Number as system reference signal, design (calculated) load end position ring controller CPS () is as follows:
Wherein KpFor proportionality coefficient, KiFor integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator.Using the controller output signal as speed The reference signal of degree ring, then completes the second step again.Last real time record photoelectric encoder measures the position data of load;
4th step, on the basis of based on the first step and second step, designs motor side speed ring controller.
The motor position signal for being measured using the rotary encoder of DC brushless motor end in real time, obtains motor after differential The rate signal of rotor, and the feedback signal as motor side closed loop, and by load end speed in the second step Reference signal of the signal that ring is sent as motor side speed ring, designs motor side speed ring controller CVmS () is as follows:
WhereinFor proportionality coefficient,For integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator.By the controller output signal As the reference signal of speed ring, second step loop is then completed again.The load byte that last real time record photoelectric encoder is measured Put data;
5th step, designs the load end ring controller on the basis of front four step.
On the basis of the 4th step, with reference to the 3rd step design (calculated) load end position ring controller CP2S () is as follows:
Wherein Kp2For load end ring proportionality coefficient, K under single speed adjusteri2Accumulate for load end ring under single speed adjuster Divide coefficient.The position signalling that load end photoelectric encoder is measured used as feedback signal, make by the motor message that master signal sends For reference signal, closed loop controller is designed, output signal is sent to load end speed ring controller, load end speed ring controller Output signal is sent to motor side speed ring controller, finally passes to current loop controller, and so far, whole control system controller sets Count complete.
The present invention is had the advantage that compared with prior art:
(1) control method of the present invention is simple, and every grade of loop uses the pid control algorithm of classics, and debugging is convenient.Existing Basic control program in some high precision photoelectric tracking servo system control techniques is also based on motor side current closed-loop, bears Carry the control thought of end speed and many closed loops in position.The control program one is in the case of system flexibility and friction are less, incites somebody to action Which is reduced to linear system, recycles classical PID control algolithm as basic control method;Two is using some non-linear controls Algorithm processed, including control methods such as neutral net, self adaptation and active disturbance rejections.But the flexiblesystem with harmonic speed reducer, which is non- Linear Dead Zone is to hinder to improve one important characteristic of system accuracy, it is impossible to ignore, with nonlinear control algorithm undoubtedly Increase the difficulty of debugging.The present invention, is inhibited using speed double circle structure well using classical pid control algorithm The dead band that Flexible Transmission is introduced affects, and improves the tracking accuracy of system;
(2) drive system small volume, lightweight.The present invention is driven by the use of DC brushless motor harmonic decelerator as system Dynamic device.Harmonic speed reducer as a kind of actuating device of big retarding device, solve output torque larger when, volume and weight is equal Larger problem.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 System control structures figures;
Fig. 2 system scheme of installations;
Fig. 3 load end one velocity closed-loop speed pursuit path figures;
Fig. 4 motor side one velocity closed-loop speed pursuit path figures;
Fig. 5 motor side one velocity closed-loop speed tracking error figures;
Fig. 6 two-speed closed-loop speed pursuit path figures;
Fig. 7 two-speed closed-loop speed tracking error figures;
Fig. 8 one velocity closed loop loads position pursuit path figure;
Fig. 9 two-speed closed loop loads position pursuit path figure;
Figure 10 load situation pursuit path Error Graph.
In Fig. 2:108 tachometers, 109 photoelectric encoders, 103 frames, 104 transition pieces, 107 loads, 106 connectors, 105 Transition piece, 101 rotary encoders, 100 DC brushless motors, 102 harmonic speed reducers.
Specific embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the control object of system includes DC brushless motor 100, harmonic speed reducer 102 and load 107, will Spring-damper system is done in harmonic speed reducer simplification, and thus control object can regard the two mass systems coupled together by spring damping as System.The innermost ring of system to most outer shroud be motor side electric current loop, motor side speed ring, load end speed ring and load end position respectively Put ring.By 110 interior detectors part of motor driver, the electric current of motor detects that motor speed is by motor side rotary encoder 101 The position signalling differential of detection is obtained.The speed of load end and positional information, difference can be by tachometer 108 and photoelectric encoder 109 obtain.
The first step:The installation and connection of system.For avoiding the loss of rigidity caused between connector as far as possible, by the defeated of motor Shaft is connected directly on the wave producer of harmonic speed reducer 102, used as the high speed shaft of decelerator input.Meanwhile, in order to by direct current without The casing of 100 harmonic decelerator 101 of brush motor is fixed in the frame 103 of system, needs two transition pieces 104 that fixes and mistake Part 105 is crossed, by this two transition piece, 100 harmonic of DC brushless motor deceleration 101 is fixed in frame 103, harmonic reduction The slow-speed shaft of the output of device 101 is connected in load 107 with a connector 106 rotated with load.Tachometer and photoelectric coding Device is mounted in load end.Used as the main control computer of whole system, control chip selects the dsp chip of TI companies production.
Second step, design current ring controller 1000, current loop controller C of designIS () is as follows:
Wherein KpiFor electric current loop proportionality coefficient, KiiFor electric current loop integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator.
3rd step, sharp design (calculated) load end speed ring controller 1002.Design (calculated) load end speed ring control on the basis of second step Device 1002C processedVlS () is as follows:
Wherein KplFor proportionality coefficient, KilFor integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator.Using the controller output signal as The reference signal of motor driver 110, the i.e. reference signal of current loop controller 1000, then complete the first step again.Most The speed data of the load 107 that real time record tachometer 108 is measured afterwards.
4th step, design (calculated) load end position ring closed loop controller 1003, design (calculated) load end position ring on the basis of the 3rd step Controller 1003CPS () is as follows:
Wherein KpFor proportionality coefficient, KiFor integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator.Using the controller output signal as speed The reference signal of degree ring, then completes the second step again.Last real time record photoelectric encoder 109 measures the positional number of load According to.
5th step, design motor side speed ring controller 1001.Design motor side speed ring control on the basis of second step Device 1001CVmS () is as follows:
WhereinFor proportionality coefficient,For integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator.The controller output signal is made For the reference signal of speed ring, second step loop is then completed again.The load byte that last real time record photoelectric encoder 109 is measured Put data.
6th step, redesigns load end ring controller 1003;Load end is redesigned on the basis of first five step Position ring controller 1003.Design (calculated) load end position ring controller 1003CP2S () is as follows:
Wherein Kp2For load end ring proportionality coefficient, K under dual rate-loopi2Accumulate for load end ring under dual rate-loop Divide coefficient.Whole Control System Design is finished.
Fig. 3 reflections be second step experimental result, i.e. tracking situation of the one velocity closed loop load speed to reference velocity, It can be seen that when speed commutates, there are larger dead band in figure.
Fig. 4 reflections are experimental results that motor side speed closed loop back loading speed track to reference velocity, and motor side is fast After degree closed loop, dead band is overcome obvious effect, but spike error is larger.
Even if the error of load tracking speed in Fig. 4 of Fig. 5 reflections.
What Fig. 6 reflected is the experimental result of the 4th step, it can be seen that after motor side speed closed loop and load end speed closed loop, The dead band of system and tracking error are all little a lot.
What Fig. 7 reflected is the error of load tracking speed in Fig. 6.
What Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 reflected respectively is the 3rd step and the experimental result after the amplification of the 5th step, i.e. one velocity closed loop and double speed The position tracking result of degree closed loop back loading.The position signalling of tracking is θ=15sin (0.33t).
What Figure 10 reflected is the tracking error result in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, it can be seen that after two-speed closed loop, the tracking of system Error is little a lot.

Claims (3)

1. the position control system with high accuracy of harmonic drive, it is characterised in that:By designing motor side speed ring, by harmonic reduction The nonlinear characteristic of device is isolated in outside motor current ring and speed ring, increased the anti-interference kinetic energy of direct current brushless servo motor Power, in the external design (calculated) load speed ring and load situation ring of motor speed ring, realizes the high precision position control of harmonic drive, Overcome the nonlinear dead-zone characteristic of harmonic drive;The control system includes:Current loop controller (1000), motor side speed ring Controller (1001), load end speed ring controller (1002), load end ring controller (1003);Current loop controller (1000) include with motor side speed ring controller (1001) necessary hardware:DC brushless motor (100), rotary encoder And motor driver (110) (101);Load end speed ring controller (1002) necessary hardware includes:DC brushless motor (100), rotary encoder (101), motor driver (110), main control computer (111) and tachometer (108);Load end Ring controller (1003) necessary hardware includes:DC brushless motor (100), rotary encoder (101), motor driver (110), Main control computer (111), tachometer (108) and photoelectric encoder (109);Wherein rotary encoder (101) is mounted in brush DC The afterbody of motor (100), using rotary encoder (101) characteristic by detecting DC brushless motor (100) inner rotator Position, and the corresponding speed of decoupling and electric current is solved, so that the design of motor side speed ring and electric current loop can be completed;For avoiding as far as possible The loss of rigidity caused between connector, the output shaft of motor is connected directly on the wave producer of harmonic speed reducer (102), as The high speed shaft of decelerator input, while in order to the casing of DC brushless motor (100) harmonic decelerator (102) to be fixed on be In the frame (103) of system, two fixed transition pieces, i.e. First Transition part (104) and the second transition piece (105) is needed, is passed through The two transition pieces, DC brushless motor (100) harmonic deceleration (102) are fixed in frame (103), harmonic speed reducer (102) slow-speed shaft for exporting is connected in load (107) with a connector (106) rotated with load.
2. a kind of install harmonic drive high precision position control method, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
The first step, current loop controller (1000) in design harmonic drive system;
There is the size for detecting that the device of electric current can detect three-phase current on motor inside motor driver (110), using the device The feedback signal that the electric current that part is detected is driven as electric current loop, defeated to DC brushless motor (100) on motor driver (110) The driving current for entering is used as reference signal, current loop controller C of designIS () is as follows:
C I ( s ) = ( K p i s + K i i ) s
Wherein KpiFor proportionality coefficient, KiiFor integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator;
Second step, using tachometer design (calculated) load end speed ring controller (1002) of load end;
Obtain and include harmonic speed reducer nonlinear dead-zone intrinsic speed tracking test data;Load end speed loop is in electric current A closed loop on the basis of loop back path, the loading speed signal for mainly being measured by the use of tachometer (108) in real time is used as feedback Signal, reference signal of the rate signal sent by main control computer (111) as system, design (calculated) load end speed ring controller (1002)CVlS () is as follows:
C V l ( s ) = ( K p l s + K i l ) s
Wherein KplFor proportionality coefficient, KilFor integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator;Using the controller output signal as motor The reference signal of driver (110), the i.e. reference signal of current loop controller (1000), then complete the first step, most again The speed data of the load (107) that real time record tachometer (108) is measured afterwards;
3rd step, using photoelectric encoder design (calculated) load end position ring controller (1003) of detection load Angle Position;
Load situation loop back path is a closed loop on the basis of speed loop and current loop, mainly using high-precision The load position signal that the photoelectric encoder (109) of degree is measured in real time is used as feedback signal, the motion sent by main control computer Reference signal of the signal as system, design (calculated) load end position ring controller (1003) CPS () is as follows:
C P ( s ) = ( K p s + K i ) s
Wherein KpFor proportionality coefficient, KiFor integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator, using the controller output signal as speed ring Reference signal, then complete the second step again;Last real time record photoelectric encoder (109) measures the positional number of load According to;
4th step, on the basis of based on the first step and second step, designs motor side speed ring controller (1001);
The motor position signal for being measured using the rotary encoder (101) of DC brushless motor (100) end in real time, after differential To the rate signal of rotor, and the feedback signal as motor side closed loop, and loaded by the second step The signal that end speed ring is sent designs motor side speed ring controller (1001) C as the reference signal of motor side speed ringVm S () is as follows:
C V m ( s ) = ( K p v m s + K i v m ) s
WhereinFor proportionality coefficient,For integral coefficient, s is Laplace operator;Using the controller output signal as speed The reference signal of degree ring, then completes second step loop again;The load situation that last real time record photoelectric encoder (109) is measured Data;
5th step, designs the load end ring controller (1003) on the basis of front four step;
On the basis of the 4th step, with reference to the 3rd step design (calculated) load end position ring controller (1003) CP2S () is as follows:
C P 2 ( s ) = ( K p 2 s + K i 2 ) s
Wherein Kp2For load end ring proportionality coefficient, K under single speed adjusteri2For load end ring integration system under single speed adjuster Number;Load (107) is held the position signalling that photoelectric encoder (109) is measured as feedback signal, the motion that master signal sends Signal designs closed loop controller as reference signal, and output signal is sent to load end speed ring controller (1002), load end speed The output signal of degree ring controller (1002) is sent to motor side speed ring controller (1001), finally passes to current loop controller (1000), so far, whole control system controller design is finished.
3. the high precision position control method of harmonic drive according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the 4th described step Involved two-speed closed loop is to suppress harmonic speed reducer flexibility and non-linear friction to bring the non-linear of harmonic drive system Dead Zone;In described second step, the 3rd step and the 4th step designed controller can be the control of PI types, the control of PID types, Active Disturbance Rejection Control, fuzzy control.
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