CN104060246A - Chemical plating solution for surface tinning of aluminum alloy and method for tinning on surface of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Chemical plating solution for surface tinning of aluminum alloy and method for tinning on surface of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN104060246A CN104060246A CN201410288896.8A CN201410288896A CN104060246A CN 104060246 A CN104060246 A CN 104060246A CN 201410288896 A CN201410288896 A CN 201410288896A CN 104060246 A CN104060246 A CN 104060246A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a chemical plating solution for surface tinning of aluminum alloy and a method for tinning on the surface of the aluminum alloy. The chemical plating solution comprises alkali metal stannate, alkali metal acetate and water, wherein the alkali metal stannate is provided by metal tin, the alkali metal acetate can regulate the pH value of the solution, when the aluminum alloy is immersed into the chemical plating solution with alkali metal stannate, the aluminum of the aluminum alloy loses electron in alkaline condition and becomes trivalent ion, the alkali metal stannate in the chemical plating solution gets electric charge, the tin existing in the form of stannic acid ions can be reduced on the surface of the aluminum alloy, so as to form a metal tin layer. If the aluminum alloy is soaked in the chemical plating solution, the metal tin layer can form on the surface of the aluminum alloy through direct chemical reaction; aluminum atoms of the aluminum alloy are taken as the electron source, metal tin 'substitutes for' the aluminum atoms on the surface of the aluminum alloy so as to form the metal tin layer, and the metal tin layer and the aluminum alloy have good bonding force.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical plating stannum field, in particular to the zinc-plated electroless solution of a kind of aluminum alloy surface and the zinc-plated method of aluminum alloy surface.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the increase year after year of global resources consumption, how to slow down the coefficient of losses of metal product, become a focus of attention work-ing life of prolongation metal product.At present, it is a kind of common method that reduces metal product coefficient of losses that metal product is carried out to surface treatment, particularly after metal product surface is electroplated, can improve the character such as wear resistance, erosion resistance of metal product.Electroplate, in fact for utilizing electrolysis principle, using coated metal as anode, using workpiece to be plated as negative electrode, at metal product surface, plate the process of other metals of one deck.Such as, for improving surface abrasion resistance and the oilness of aluminium alloy, conventionally can utilize electrochemical plating to plate layer of metal tin in aluminum alloy surface.
Yet, use electrochemical plating when aluminum alloy surface is zinc-plated, because metallic aluminium is a kind of amphoteric metal, there is higher reactive behavior, if directly zinc-plated in aluminum alloy surface, the metallic tin layer of formation and the bonding force between aluminium alloy a little less than, in the application in later stage, this layer of metallic tin layer easily comes off.In order to improve the bonding force between metallic tin layer and aluminium alloy, conventionally before eleetrotinplate layer, first at aluminium alloy surface electric plating layer of metal copper layer.In such situation, the thickness of aluminum alloy surface coating is thicker, cannot meet in some metal product the requirement for thickness of coating.In addition, above-mentioned zinc-plated method complex process, is difficult to guarantee the quality of coating.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide the zinc-plated electroless solution of a kind of aluminum alloy surface and the zinc-plated method of aluminum alloy surface, to solve available technology adopting electrochemical plating when aluminum alloy surface is zinc-plated, and the problem that the bonding force between metallic tin layer and aluminium alloy is weak.
To achieve these goals, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of aluminum alloy surface zinc-plated electroless solution, wherein, this electroless solution comprises alkali metal stannate, alkali metal acetate and water.
Further, in above-mentioned electroless solution, the content of alkali metal stannate is 50～70g/L, and the content of alkali metal acetate is 20～30g/L.
Further, the alkali metal hydroxide that also comprises 8～15g/L in above-mentioned electroless solution.
Further, the hydrogen peroxide that also comprises 2～4g/L in above-mentioned electroless solution.
Further, above-mentioned alkali metal stannate is sodium stannate or potassium stannate, and alkali metal acetate is sodium-acetate or Potassium ethanoate, and alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
Further, above-mentioned alkali metal stannate is sodium stannate, and alkali metal acetate is sodium-acetate, and alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.
According to a further aspect in the invention, also provide a kind of aluminum alloy surface zinc-plated method, wherein, comprised that the above-mentioned electroless solution of employing carries out aluminium alloy electroless plated, obtained the step of zinc-plated aluminium alloy.
Further, above-mentioned employing electroless solution carries out aluminium alloy in the step of immersion plating, and zinc-plated temperature is 65～75 ℃.
Further, above-mentioned employing electroless solution carries out aluminium alloy in the step of immersion plating, and pressurized air is passed in electroless solution so that electroless solution is stirred, and the intake of preferred compressed air is less than 0.4L/s.
Further, above-mentioned employing electroless solution also comprises pretreated step is carried out in the surface of aluminium alloy before aluminium alloy is carried out to the step of immersion plating; Pretreated step comprises:
Adopt strong acid to carry out etch to the surface of aluminium alloy, then wash; Preferably strong acid is the mixing acid of nitric acid or nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, the nitric acid that more preferably concentration is 58～64wt%; Preferably etch temperature is 10～30 ℃, and the etch time is 15～30s.
Further, above-mentioned employing electroless solution carries out in the step of immersion plating to aluminium alloy, the variation of alkali metal stannate content in simultaneously monitoring chemical immersion plating liquid, when the content of alkali metal stannate is during lower than 45g/L, reaches original content to supplementing alkali metal stannate to its content in electroless solution.
Further, above-mentioned employing electroless solution carries out in the step of immersion plating to aluminium alloy, the variation of alkali metal hydroxide in monitoring chemical immersion plating liquid simultaneously, when the content of alkali metal hydroxide is during higher than 16g/L, in electroless solution, supplement acetic acid, make the content of alkali metal hydroxide reach original content.
Apply the zinc-plated electroless solution of aluminum alloy surface of the present invention and the zinc-plated method of aluminum alloy surface.In above-mentioned electroless solution, the supply source that alkali metal stannate is metallic tin, the pH value that alkali metal acetate can regulator solution.When aluminium alloy is immersed in the electroless solution that contains alkali metal stannate, the aluminium in aluminium alloy can lose electronics and become trivalent ion and be dissolved in solution under alkaline condition, and its reactive ion equation is as follows: AL-3e → AL
3+.Meanwhile, the alkali metal stannate in electroless solution obtains electric charge, and the tin existing with stannic acid ionic species can be reduced in aluminum alloy surface, forms metallic tin layer, and its reactive ion equation is as follows: SnO
3 2-+ 3H
2o+4e → Sn ↓+6OH
-.The electrolysis principle that is different from electrochemical plating, after adopting above-mentioned electroless solution to soak aluminium alloy, can directly utilize chemical reaction to form metallic tin layer in aluminum alloy surface immersion plating.Different in the mode of aluminum alloy surface " physics " adhesion metal tin layer from electrochemical plating, adopt above-mentioned electroless plated method, the aluminium atom that can take in aluminium alloy body is electron source, makes the aluminium atom of metallic tin " replacement " aluminum alloy surface form metallic tin layer.Between such metallic tin layer and aluminium alloy, there is good bonding force.In addition, adopt above-mentioned electroless plated method zinc-plated in aluminum alloy surface, can, by the gauge control of metallic tin layer in lower scope, make it meet the requirement of some alloy product to tin coating thickness.
Embodiment
It should be noted that, in the situation that not conflicting, embodiment and the feature in embodiment in the application can combine mutually.Below in conjunction with embodiment, describe the present invention in detail.
As background technology part, introduce, adopt electrochemical plating when aluminum alloy surface is zinc-plated, the bonding force between metallic tin layer and aluminium alloy a little less than.In order to address this problem, inventor provides a kind of aluminum alloy surface zinc-plated electroless solution, and it comprises alkali metal stannate, alkali metal acetate and water.
In above-mentioned electroless solution provided by the present invention, the supply source that alkali metal stannate is metallic tin, the pH value that alkali metal acetate can regulator solution.When aluminium alloy is immersed in the electroless solution that contains alkali metal stannate, the aluminium in aluminium alloy can lose electronics and become trivalent ion and be dissolved in solution under alkaline condition, and its reactive ion equation is as follows: AL-3e → AL
3+.Meanwhile, the alkali metal stannate in electroless solution obtains electric charge, and the tin existing with stannic acid ionic species can be reduced in aluminum alloy surface, forms metallic tin layer, and its reactive ion equation is as follows: SnO
3 2-+ 3H
2o+4e → Sn ↓+6OH
-.The electrolysis principle that is different from electrochemical plating, after adopting above-mentioned electroless solution to soak aluminium alloy, can directly utilize chemical reaction to form metallic tin layer in aluminum alloy surface immersion plating.Different in the mode of aluminum alloy surface " physics " adhesion metal tin layer from electrochemical plating, adopt above-mentioned electroless plated method, the aluminium atom that can take in aluminium alloy body is electron source, makes the aluminium atom of metallic tin " replacement " aluminum alloy surface form metallic tin layer.Between such metallic tin layer and aluminium alloy, there is good bonding force.In addition, adopt above-mentioned electroless plated method zinc-plated in aluminum alloy surface, can, by the gauge control of metallic tin layer in lower scope, make it meet the requirement of some alloy product to tin coating thickness.
In the above-mentioned electroless solution of the present invention, the concentration of alkali metal stannate and alkali metal acetate can be adjusted according to thickness of required coating etc.A kind of preferred embodiment in, in above-mentioned electroless solution, the content of alkali metal stannate is 50～70g/L, the content of alkali metal acetate is 20～30g/L.If the content of alkali metal stannate is too low, may have the dark-coloured inhomogeneous settling of strip, also easily there is problem in uneven thickness in formed metallic tin layer.The concentration of alkali metal stannate is higher, and the thickness evenness of metallic tin layer is higher, and tin content is higher, but the cost of electroless solution is higher.The concentration of alkali metal stannate and alkali metal acetate is controlled to above-mentioned scope, is conducive to cost and the immersion plating effect of equilibrium chemistry immersion plating liquid.
In the above-mentioned electroless solution of the present invention, as long as contain alkali metal stannate as metallic tin supply source, contain alkali metal acetate as pH adjusting agent, just can plate layer of metal tin layer in the aluminum alloy surface of soaking wherein.A kind of preferred embodiment in, in above-mentioned electroless solution, also comprise the alkali metal hydroxide of 8～15g/L.When alkali metal stannate exists in the aqueous solution, may there is slight hydrolysis phenomenon, reaction as follows occurs:
in electroless solution, add alkali metal hydroxide, be conducive to prevent said hydrolyzed reaction, thereby improve the purity of metallic tin layer, and reduce the hydrolysis loss of alkali metal stannate.In addition, because electroless solution contacts with air, airborne carbonic acid gas may cause that micro-alkali metal stannate decomposes, and reaction: SnO as follows occurs
3 2-+ CO
2→ SnO
2↓+CO
3 2-.In electroless solution, add alkali metal hydroxide, can make the preferential and alkali metal hydroxide of airborne carbonic acid gas react, thereby make electroless solution more stable, make above-mentioned electroless plated process more stable.In addition, the content of alkali metal hydroxide is controlled in above-mentioned scope, also can prevents that excessive alkali metal hydroxide from reacting the white floss of formation with trivalent aluminium ion, reaction: AL as follows occurs
3++ 4OH
-→ AL (OH)
4 -.In the electroless plated process of reality, because metallic tin constantly deposits in aluminum alloy surface, the relative content of alkali metal hydroxide is improved constantly, now, preferably in electroless solution, supplement acetic acid, in order to neutralize excessive alkali metal hydroxide.
In the above-mentioned electroless solution of the present invention, as long as add alkali metal hydroxide, just can access comparatively stable electroless solution.A kind of preferred embodiment in, in above-mentioned electroless solution, also comprise the hydrogen peroxide of 2～4g/L.In immersion plating process, have unavoidably a small amount of tetravalent tin and form after divalent tin ion through obtaining electronics, fail to be further converted to tin atom.In electroless solution, add hydrogen peroxide, be conducive to eliminate the divalent tin ion in solution, make electroless solution more stable.
In the above-mentioned electroless solution of the present invention, the alkali metal stannate adopting preferably includes but is not limited to sodium stannate or potassium stannate, alkali metal acetate preferably includes but is not limited to sodium-acetate or Potassium ethanoate, and alkali metal hydroxide preferably includes but is not limited to sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.More preferably, for cost-saving consideration, above-mentioned alkali metal stannate is sodium stannate, and alkali metal acetate is sodium-acetate, and alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.
In addition, inventor also provides a kind of aluminum alloy surface zinc-plated method, and it comprises that the above-mentioned electroless solution of employing carries out immersion plating to aluminium alloy, obtains the step of zinc-plated aluminium alloy.In aforesaid method, adopt electroless plated method on the plated surface of aluminium alloy metallic tin layer.Different from the mode at aluminum alloy surface " physics " adhesion metal tin layer of electrochemical plating, adopt above-mentioned electroless plated method, the aluminium atom that can take in aluminium alloy body is electron source, makes the aluminium atom of metallic tin " replacement " aluminum alloy surface form metallic tin layer.Between such metallic tin layer and aluminium alloy, there is good bonding force.In addition, adopt above-mentioned electroless plated method zinc-plated in aluminum alloy surface, can, by the gauge control of metallic tin layer in lower scope, make it meet the requirement of some alloy product to tin coating thickness.Generally.In the zinc-plated aluminium alloy that employing aforesaid method obtains, the thickness of metallic tin layer is 1～5 micron.
The above-mentioned instruction according to the present invention, those skilled in the art have the ability to select concrete immersion plating technology.A kind of preferred embodiment in, adopt electroless solution aluminium alloy to be carried out in the step of immersion plating, zinc-plated temperature is 65～75 ℃.In above-mentioned electroless plated process, if liquid temperature is too low, the sedimentation rate of metallic tin is lower, and separates out thinner thickness.If liquid temperature is too high, may in formed metallic tin layer, produce pore and some black precipitates, these black precipitates may appear on the interface between alloy matrix aluminum and metallic tin layer, thereby affect the bonding force between alloy matrix aluminum and coating.
In the electroless plated process of reality, can carry out gentle agitation to electroless solution, so that aluminum alloy surface keeps sufficient metallic tin supply source.A kind of preferred embodiment in, adopt electroless solution aluminium alloy to be carried out in the step of immersion plating, pressurized air is passed in electroless solution so that electroless solution is stirred, the intake of preferred compressed air is less than 0.4L/s.In addition, according to the thickness of required coating, also can adjust the immersion plating time, preferably the above-mentioned electroless plated time is 2min.Along with the increase of thickness of coating, the sedimentation velocity of metallic tin can decrease.Utilize above-mentioned electroless plated method, the thickness of the metallic tin layer obtaining is 1～3 micron.
In aforesaid method of the present invention, as long as aluminium alloy is placed in to electroless solution, just can utilize aforesaid chemical reaction to plate metallic tin layer in aluminum alloy surface.A kind of preferred embodiment in, in aforesaid method, adopt before electroless solution carries out the step of immersion plating to aluminium alloy, also comprise pretreated step carried out in the surface of aluminium alloy; Pretreated step comprises: adopt strong acid to carry out etch to the surface of aluminium alloy, then wash.Adopt strong acid etch aluminum alloy surface, can remove the oxide compound of aluminum alloy surface.Meanwhile, can also carry out roughened to aluminum alloy surface, the later stage is deposited between its lip-deep metallic tin layer and alloy matrix aluminum and there is better bonding force.
Those skilled in the art have the ability to select concrete corrosion-tank finishing process.Preferably, above-mentioned strong acid includes but not limited to the mixing acid of nitric acid or nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, the nitric acid that more preferably concentration is 58～64wt%; Preferably etch temperature is 10～30 ℃, and the etch time is 15～30s.While applying the mixing acid etch of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, the hydrofluoric acid that the nitric acid that is preferably 1.42g/ml by density and density are 1.1g/ml mixes, and the volume ratio of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid is 3:1.In the electroless plated process of reality, may there is a certain amount of grease in the surface of Al alloy parts.A kind of preferred embodiment in, the surface of aluminium alloy is carried out, in above-mentioned pretreated step, before aluminum alloy surface is carried out to the step of etch, also comprising the step of aluminum alloy surface being carried out to oil removing; The step of oil removing comprises: adopt clean-out system that the surface of aluminium alloy is rinsed or soaked, then wash; Preferably clean-out system includes but not limited to gasoline, FS-2 aqueous cleaning agent or scrubbing powder, and soak time is 15～30s.Wherein, preferably FS-2 aqueous cleaning agent is configured to the aqueous solution that concentration is 3-5%.
Apply above-mentioned electroless plated method and process aluminium alloy, just can plate metallic tin layer in aluminum alloy surface.A kind of preferred embodiment in,, adopt after electroless solution carries out the step of immersion plating to aluminium alloy, also comprise the step of the surface of zinc-plated aluminium alloy being carried out to aftertreatment; The step of aftertreatment comprises: the hot water that adopts temperature to be greater than 70 ℃ cleans the surface 15～30s of zinc-plated aluminium alloy.The hot water that adopts temperature to be greater than 70 ℃ cleans the surface of zinc-plated aluminium alloy, can remove the impurity of its remained on surface.After hot water cleans, preferably with hot dryer, zinc-plated aluminum alloy surface is dried up.
It should be noted that in the electroless plated process of reality, can utilize above-mentioned electroless solution to carry out continuous tin plating to different Al alloy parts.After using for a long time, the content of the metallic tin supply source (alkali metal stannate) in electroless solution can decline.A kind of preferred embodiment in, adopt electroless solution aluminium alloy to be carried out in the step of immersion plating, the variation of alkali metal stannate in monitoring chemical immersion plating liquid simultaneously, when the content of alkali metal stannate is during lower than 45g/L, to supplementing described alkali metal stannate to its content in electroless solution, reach original content." original content " herein refers to original electroless solution content of alkali metal stannate wherein before not using.In addition, the temperature of the electroless solution that also can raise, promotes separating out of metallic tin.
In addition, in continuous immersion plating process, along with the reduction of alkali metal stannate content, the relative content of the alkali metal hydroxide in electroless solution can corresponding raising.A kind of preferred embodiment in, adopt electroless solution aluminium alloy to be carried out in the step of immersion plating, the variation of alkali metal hydroxide in monitoring chemical immersion plating liquid simultaneously, when the content of alkali metal hydroxide is during higher than 16g/L, in electroless solution, supplement acetic acid, make the content of alkali metal hydroxide reach original content.In electroless solution, supplement acetic acid, can make it react with alkali metal hydroxide and form acetate, reach the object of balance alkali metal hydroxide." original content " herein refers to original electroless solution content of alkali metal hydroxide wherein before not using.
The zinc-plated aluminium alloy that adopts the above-mentioned method preparation method of the present invention to make, the thinner thickness of the metallic tin layer of aluminum alloy surface, also has higher bonding force between coating and alloy matrix aluminum.In addition, the surface of this zinc-plated aluminium alloy is lacklustre white, color better appearance.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, these embodiment can not be interpreted as restriction the present invention scope required for protection.
Embodiment 1
This embodiment is that (aluminum alloy material, ZL104Y) plated surface layer of metal tin layer, its objective is between the run-in period bringing into operation at piston and play lubrication, to prevent from pulling cylinder for piston in certain motorcycle engine.
Formula beyond electroless solution dewaters is as follows:
| Component | Na 2SnO 3·3H 2O | CH 3COONa | NaOH | H 2O 2 |
| Content (g/L) | 45 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
Immersion plating technology is as follows:
Piston is placed in to above-mentioned electroless solution and carries out immersion plating, wherein, immersion plating temperature is 60 ℃, and the immersion plating time is 5min, and compressed-air actuated intake is 0.5g/L.Then take out piston, obtain the piston of electroplating surfaces with tin.
Embodiment 2
This embodiment is that (aluminum alloy material, ZL104Y) plated surface layer of metal tin layer, its objective is between the run-in period bringing into operation at piston and play lubrication, to prevent from pulling cylinder for piston in certain motorcycle engine.
Formula beyond electroless solution dewaters is as follows:
| Component | Na 2SnO 3·3H 2O | CH 3COONa | NaOH | H 2O 2 |
| Content (g/L) | 50 | 20 | 6 | 0 |
Immersion plating technology is as follows:
Piston is placed in to above-mentioned electroless solution and carries out immersion plating, wherein, immersion plating temperature is 65 ℃, and the immersion plating time is 2min, and the intake that pressurized air stirs is 0.4L/S.Then take out piston, obtain the piston of electroplating surfaces with tin;
In immersion plating process, put into continuously a plurality of pistons to be plated, the variation of the content of sodium stannate and sodium hydroxide in simultaneously monitoring chemical immersion plating liquid, when the content of sodium stannate is during lower than 40g/L, reaches original content to supplementing sodium stannate to its content in electroless solution; When the content of sodium hydroxide is during higher than 18g/L, in electroless solution, supplement acetic acid, make the content of sodium hydroxide reach original content.
Embodiment 3
This embodiment is that (aluminum alloy material, ZL104Y) plated surface layer of metal tin layer, its objective is between the run-in period bringing into operation at piston and play lubrication, to prevent from pulling cylinder for piston in certain motorcycle engine.
Formula beyond electroless solution dewaters is as follows:
| Component | Na 2SnO 3·3H 2O | CH 3COONa | NaOH | H 2O 2 |
| Content (g/L) | 50 | 20 | 8 | 2 |
Immersion plating technology is as follows:
Adopt gasoline to carry out after oil removal treatment piston face, washing 15s; The concentrated nitric acid etch piston face 30s that the concentration of take is 58%, washing 15s;
Piston is placed in to above-mentioned electroless solution and carries out immersion plating, wherein, immersion plating temperature is 65 ℃, and the immersion plating time is 2min, and compressed-air actuated intake is 0.3L/S.After immersion plating, taking out piston, is, after the hot water cleaning piston surface 15s of 72 ℃, with hot dryer, to dry up by temperature, obtains the piston of electroplating surfaces with tin;
In immersion plating process, put into continuously a plurality of pistons to be plated, the variation of the content of sodium stannate and sodium hydroxide in simultaneously monitoring chemical immersion plating liquid, when the content of sodium stannate is during lower than 45g/L, reaches original content to supplementing sodium stannate to its content in electroless solution; When the content of sodium hydroxide is during higher than 16g/L, in electroless solution, supplement acetic acid, make the content of sodium hydroxide reach original content.
Embodiment 4
This embodiment is that (aluminum alloy material, ZL104Y) plated surface layer of metal tin layer, its objective is between the run-in period bringing into operation at piston and play lubrication, to prevent from pulling cylinder for piston in certain motorcycle engine.
Formula beyond electroless solution dewaters is as follows:
| Component | Na 2SnO 3·3H 2O | CH 3COONa | NaOH | H 2O 2 |
| Content (g/L) | 70 | 30 | 15 | 4 |
Immersion plating technology is as follows:
Adopt scrubbing powder to carry out after oil removal treatment piston face, washing 30s; The concentrated nitric acid etch piston face 15s that the concentration of take is 64%, washing 30s;
Piston is placed in to above-mentioned electroless solution and carries out immersion plating, wherein, immersion plating temperature is 75 ℃, and the immersion plating time is 2min, and compressed-air actuated intake is 0.3L/S.After immersion plating, taking out piston, is, after the hot water cleaning piston surface 30s of 72 ℃, with hot dryer, to dry up by temperature, obtains the piston of electroplating surfaces with tin.
Embodiment 5
This embodiment is that (aluminum alloy material, ZL104Y) plated surface layer of metal tin layer, its objective is between the run-in period bringing into operation at piston and play lubrication, to prevent from pulling cylinder for piston in certain motorcycle engine.
Formula beyond electroless solution dewaters is as follows:
| Component | Na 2SnO 3·3H 2O | CH 3COONa | NaOH | H 2O 2 |
| Content (g/L) | 60 | 25 | 12 | 3 |
Immersion plating technology is as follows:
Adopt scrubbing powder to carry out after oil removal treatment piston face, washing 20s; The concentrated nitric acid etch piston face 20s that the concentration of take is 62%, washing 20s;
Piston is placed in to above-mentioned electroless solution and carries out immersion plating, wherein, immersion plating temperature is 70 ℃, and the immersion plating time is 2min, and compressed-air actuated intake is 0.3L/S.After immersion plating, taking out piston, is, after the hot water cleaning piston surface 20s of 72 ℃, with hot dryer, to dry up by temperature, obtains the piston of electroplating surfaces with tin.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example makes to adopt piston (aluminum alloy material, ZL104Y) the plated surface layer of metal tin layer of electrochemical plating in certain motorcycle engine.
Formula beyond acid electroplating liquid dewaters is as follows:
| Component | Stannous sulfate | H 2SO 4 | 2-Naphthol | Gelatin |
| Content (g/L) | 50 | 70 | 1 | 2 |
Electroplating technology is as follows:
Adopt gasoline to carry out after oil removal treatment piston face, washing 15s;
Piston after washing is placed in to above-mentioned electroplate liquid and electroplates, using piston as negative electrode, using metal sheet tin as anode.Wherein, temperature is 20 ℃, and electroplating time is 2min, and cathode current density is 0.5A/dm
2.Then take out piston, obtain the piston of electroplating surfaces with tin.
The zinc-plated aluminium-alloy piston making in above-described embodiment 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 is carried out to performance characterization.
Characterizing method:
1) observe color and the gloss of piston face;
2) metallic tin layer thickness: adopt eddy current thickness meter to measure the thickness of above-mentioned zinc-plated aluminium-alloy piston surface metal tin layer;
3) bonding force between coating and piston matrix: zinc-plated aluminium-alloy piston is heated to 150 ℃, 200 ℃ and 250 ℃, immerses temperature after 1 hour and be in the cold water of 20 ℃, observe the variation of coating.Characterization result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
By the data in table 1 and description, can find out the metallic tin layer that adopts electroless solution of the present invention to plate in aluminum alloy surface, its thinner thickness, the good bonding strength between coating and alloy matrix aluminum.Especially, adopt electroless solution and immersion plating method in embodiment 3 to 5, the zinc-plated aluminium-alloy piston obtaining keeps after 1 hour under the high temperature of 150 ℃, 200 ℃ and 250 ℃, puts into temperature and is after the cold water of 20 ℃, all without foaming skin effect phenomenon.This show the metallic tin coating of piston face and the bonding force between piston matrix good.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. the zinc-plated electroless solution of aluminum alloy surface, is characterized in that, described electroless solution comprises alkali metal stannate, alkali metal acetate and water.
2. electroless solution according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described electroless solution, the content of described alkali metal stannate is 50～70g/L, and the content of described alkali metal acetate is 20～30g/L.
3. electroless solution according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, also comprises the alkali metal hydroxide of 8～15g/L in described electroless solution.
4. electroless solution according to claim 3, is characterized in that, also comprises the hydrogen peroxide of 2～4g/L in described electroless solution.
5. electroless solution according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described alkali metal stannate is sodium stannate or potassium stannate, and described alkali metal acetate is sodium-acetate or Potassium ethanoate, and described alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
6. electroless solution according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described alkali metal stannate is sodium stannate, and described alkali metal acetate is sodium-acetate, and described alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.
7. the zinc-plated method of aluminum alloy surface, is characterized in that, comprises that to adopt in claim 1 to 6 electroless solution described in any one to carry out aluminium alloy electroless plated, obtains the step of zinc-plated aluminium alloy.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, adopts described electroless solution aluminium alloy to be carried out in the step of immersion plating, and zinc-plated temperature is 65～75 ℃.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, adopt described electroless solution aluminium alloy to be carried out in the step of immersion plating, pressurized air is passed in described electroless solution so that described electroless solution is stirred, preferably described compressed-air actuated intake is less than 0.4L/s.
10. according to the method described in any one in claim 7 to 9, it is characterized in that, adopt before described electroless solution carries out the step of immersion plating to aluminium alloy, also comprise pretreated step is carried out in the surface of aluminium alloy; Described pretreated step comprises:
Adopt strong acid to carry out etch to the surface of aluminium alloy, then wash; Preferred described strong acid is the mixing acid of nitric acid or nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, the nitric acid that more preferably concentration is 58～64wt%; Preferably etch temperature is 10～30 ℃, and the etch time is 15～30s.
11. methods according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, adopt described electroless solution aluminium alloy to be carried out in the step of immersion plating, monitor the variation of alkali metal stannate content described in described electroless solution simultaneously, when the content of described alkali metal stannate is during lower than 45g/L, to supplementing described alkali metal stannate to its content in described electroless solution, reach original content.
12. methods according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, adopt described electroless solution aluminium alloy to be carried out in the step of immersion plating, monitor the variation of alkali metal hydroxide in described electroless solution simultaneously, when the content of described alkali metal hydroxide is during higher than 16g/L, in described electroless solution, supplement acetic acid, make the content of described alkali metal hydroxide reach original content.
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| CN201410288896.8A CN104060246B (en) | 2014-06-24 | 2014-06-24 | The tin plating electroless solution of aluminum alloy surface and the tin plating method of aluminum alloy surface |
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| CN201410288896.8A Active CN104060246B (en) | 2014-06-24 | 2014-06-24 | The tin plating electroless solution of aluminum alloy surface and the tin plating method of aluminum alloy surface |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104451622A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 | Chemical immersion plating liquid and method for plating tin on surface of high-silicon aluminum alloy |
| CN106782849A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏华威铜业有限公司 | One kind compound hard state copper busbar and its preparation technology |
| CN109930183A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-06-25 | 四川渝邻汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of tin plating electrolyte of aluminum alloy surface and its application and method |
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| CN1552944A (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2004-12-08 | 高福麒 | Magnesium alloy surface alloying solid finishing agent |
| CN102051648A (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2011-05-11 | 广州市二轻工业科学技术研究所 | Cyanogen-free plating method of zinc alloy die casting |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1552944A (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2004-12-08 | 高福麒 | Magnesium alloy surface alloying solid finishing agent |
| CN102051648A (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2011-05-11 | 广州市二轻工业科学技术研究所 | Cyanogen-free plating method of zinc alloy die casting |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104451622A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 | Chemical immersion plating liquid and method for plating tin on surface of high-silicon aluminum alloy |
| CN104451622B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2017-04-19 | 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 | Chemical immersion plating liquid and method for plating tin on surface of high-silicon aluminum alloy |
| CN106782849A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏华威铜业有限公司 | One kind compound hard state copper busbar and its preparation technology |
| CN106782849B (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2019-04-26 | 江苏华威铜业有限公司 | The compound hard state copper busbar of one kind and its preparation process |
| CN109930183A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-06-25 | 四川渝邻汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of tin plating electrolyte of aluminum alloy surface and its application and method |
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| CN104060246B (en) | 2017-08-15 |
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