CN104060024A - Forecast method of real-time temperature of converter in the process of vanadium extraction by converter - Google Patents
Forecast method of real-time temperature of converter in the process of vanadium extraction by converter Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IBYSTTGVDIFUAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium monoxide Chemical compound [V]=O IBYSTTGVDIFUAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 3
- GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium vanadium Chemical compound [Ti].[V] GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003681 vanadium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及转炉提钒技术领域，具体地，涉及一种转炉提钒过程中转炉实时温度的预报方法。The invention relates to the technical field of vanadium extraction by a converter, in particular to a method for forecasting the real-time temperature of the converter during the process of vanadium extraction by the converter.
背景技术Background technique
钒作为钒钛磁铁矿冶炼的重要副产品，即合理利用了矿石资源，同时能够让钢厂得到除钢铁产品之外的额外利润。目前国内企业从钒钛磁铁矿中提钒的基本上采用的是转炉提钒的方法。转炉提钒，是在高炉炼铁和转炉炼钢之间加入的一个流程。高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿之后得到的高钒铁水，送到提钒转炉中用氧气进行吹炼，在适当的冶炼条件下将铁水中的钒氧化成钒的氧化物进入渣中，再回收钒渣进行进一步的处理。As an important by-product of vanadium-titanium magnetite smelting, vanadium makes reasonable use of ore resources and enables steel mills to obtain additional profits other than steel products. At present, domestic enterprises basically adopt the method of extracting vanadium from vanadium-titanium magnetite by converter. Converter vanadium extraction is a process added between blast furnace ironmaking and converter steelmaking. The high-vanadium molten iron obtained after smelting vanadium-titanium magnetite in the blast furnace is sent to the vanadium extraction converter for blowing with oxygen. Under appropriate smelting conditions, the vanadium in the molten iron is oxidized into vanadium oxides and enters the slag, and then the vanadium is recovered. slag for further processing.
转炉提钒具有反应速度快、冶炼周期短、钒渣品位好、生产效率高等优点，但同时由于该过程是由传质、传热、固体添加料的加热和溶解、化学动力学、质量平衡与热平衡等子过程所组成的非常复杂的高温冶金过程，影响终点成分和温度的因素很多。Converter vanadium extraction has the advantages of fast reaction speed, short smelting cycle, good vanadium slag grade, high production efficiency, etc. In a very complex pyrometallurgical process composed of sub-processes such as heat balance, there are many factors that affect the composition and temperature of the end point.
提钒过程提钒保碳的关键是合适温度的控制，理论计算以及现场操作实践上，终点温度一般控制在1360-1390℃，就能够获得较好的提钒指标及半钢质量。The key to vanadium extraction and carbon preservation in the process of vanadium extraction is to control the appropriate temperature. In theoretical calculations and on-site operation practices, the end point temperature is generally controlled at 1360-1390°C, so that better indicators of vanadium extraction and semi-steel quality can be obtained.
杨超等人以承钢转炉提钒的生产数据为依据，根据质量、能量守恒及热力学原理，建立了转炉提钒的静态工艺模型。根据各输入物料的用量、温度及成分等输入值，可求出各输出物料的收得量、成分等输出参数的预报值。Based on the production data of vanadium extraction by Chenggang converter, Yang Chao and others established a static process model for vanadium extraction by converter according to the principles of mass, energy conservation and thermodynamics. According to the input values such as the amount, temperature and composition of each input material, the forecast value of the output parameters such as the yield and composition of each output material can be obtained.
陈才等人构建的转炉提钒冷却剂预报模型采用RBF神经网络法。The vanadium extraction coolant prediction model for converters constructed by Chen Cai et al. uses the RBF neural network method.
钟志强采用RBF神经网络建立了转炉提钒终点模型，包括温度模型、终点碳模型、终点钒模型。Zhong Zhiqiang used RBF neural network to establish the end point model of converter vanadium extraction, including temperature model, end point carbon model, and end point vanadium model.
尹锡军运用数理统计的方法和基于最小二乘法的多元线性回归方法对攀钢转炉提钒生产工艺参数进行优化，通过数据分析，建立了攀钢转炉提钒生产的静态模型。Yin Xijun used the method of mathematical statistics and the method of multiple linear regression based on the least square method to optimize the production process parameters of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Converter Vanadium Extraction, and established a static model of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Converter Vanadium Extraction Production through data analysis.
综上所述，目前建立的转炉提钒模型，取得了一定试验的效果，但由于这一系列提钒模型均为静态模型，无法满足目前实际工艺需求。铁水成分、温度波动较大，如铁水中V、Si、Mn波动等，采用上述静态模型提钒，使得冷却剂加入量、吹氧时间、终点成分和温度等参数，有时存在非常大的偏差，对钒渣质量和半钢质量造成很大影响，因此无法满足生产的实际需要。To sum up, the currently established converter vanadium extraction models have achieved certain experimental results, but since these series of vanadium extraction models are all static models, they cannot meet the current actual process requirements. The composition and temperature of molten iron fluctuate greatly, such as V, Si, and Mn fluctuations in molten iron. Using the above static model to extract vanadium makes the parameters such as coolant addition amount, oxygen blowing time, end point composition and temperature sometimes have very large deviations. It has a great impact on the quality of vanadium slag and semi-steel, so it cannot meet the actual needs of production.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了克服现有的静态模型提钒过程中预报的温度偏差太大导致钒渣质量和半钢质量下降的缺陷，提供一种能够准确预报转炉提钒过程中转炉实时温度的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defect that the quality of vanadium slag and semi-steel decreases due to the large temperature deviation predicted during the vanadium extraction process of the existing static model, and to provide a method that can accurately predict the real-time temperature of the converter during the vanadium extraction process of the converter .
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种转炉提钒过程中转炉实时温度的预报方法，其中，该方法包括：根据提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的温度差、转炉终点温度和转炉入炉温度建立提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的温度差、转炉入炉温度与转炉实时温度的线性变化的函数关系，然后采用该函数关系根据提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的实时温度差计算并预报转炉实时温度。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for forecasting the real-time temperature of the converter in the process of extracting vanadium from the converter, wherein the method includes: according to the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium extraction lance, the end point temperature of the converter and the input temperature of the converter Furnace temperature Establish the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium extraction lance, the functional relationship between the inlet temperature of the converter and the linear change of the real-time temperature of the converter, and then use the function relationship according to the real-time The temperature difference calculates and forecasts the real-time temperature of the converter.
在本发明提供的转炉提钒过程中转炉实时温度的预报方法中，通过现场跟踪及数据统计分析，建立提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的温度差、转炉入炉温度与转炉实时温度的线性变化的函数关系，实时、动态地根据提钒氧枪冷却水的进出水的温度差对转炉热状态进行定量描述，即对转炉实时温度（即转炉内熔池的实时温度）进行准确预报，从而实现了对转炉提钒各项指标的提高及自动控制。In the method for forecasting the real-time temperature of the converter in the process of extracting vanadium from the converter provided by the present invention, through on-site tracking and data statistical analysis, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium extraction lance, the temperature of the converter entering the furnace and the real-time temperature of the converter are established. The functional relationship of linear changes, real-time and dynamic quantitative description of the thermal state of the converter according to the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the cooling water of the vanadium extraction lance, that is, the accurate prediction of the real-time temperature of the converter (that is, the real-time temperature of the molten pool in the converter), Thus, the improvement and automatic control of various indicators of vanadium extraction in the converter are realized.
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the description, together with the following specific embodiments, are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1是实施本发明的一种实施方式中温度系数K与转炉入炉温度的线性统计图；Fig. 1 is a linear statistical diagram of the temperature coefficient K and the temperature of the converter entering the furnace in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是实施本发明的一种实施方式中预报温度与实际温度的统计对比图；以及Fig. 2 is a statistical comparison chart of forecasted temperature and actual temperature in an embodiment of the present invention; and
图3是对比例中提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的温度差与转炉终点温度之间的线性统计图。Fig. 3 is a linear statistical diagram between the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium extraction lance and the end temperature of the converter in the comparative example.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
本发明提供了一种转炉提钒过程中转炉实时温度的预报方法，该方法包括：根据提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的温度差、转炉终点温度和转炉入炉温度建立提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的温度差、转炉入炉温度与转炉实时温度的线性变化的函数关系，然后采用该函数关系根据提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的实时温度差计算并预报转炉实时温度。The invention provides a method for forecasting the real-time temperature of the converter during the vanadium extraction process of the converter, the method comprising: establishing the vanadium extraction lance according to the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium extraction lance, the end point temperature of the converter and the inlet temperature of the converter The temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the cooling water in the medium, the function relationship between the inlet temperature of the converter and the linear change of the real-time temperature of the converter, and then use this function relationship to calculate and predict the real-time temperature difference of the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium oxygen lance. temperature.
在本发明中，提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的温度差是指提钒氧枪中冷却水的出水温度（T出水）与提钒氧枪中冷却水的进水温度（T入水）的温度差；转炉入炉温度（T0）是指转炉内铁水的初始温度；转炉终点温度（T终）是指冶炼结束时转炉内熔池的温度。In the present invention, the temperature difference of the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium oxygen lance refers to the water outlet temperature (T water out ) of the cooling water in the vanadium oxygen lance and the water inlet temperature (T water entry ) of the cooling water in the vanadium oxygen lance The temperature difference; the converter entry temperature (T 0 ) refers to the initial temperature of the molten iron in the converter; the converter end temperature (T end ) refers to the temperature of the molten pool in the converter at the end of smelting.
优选地，建立函数关系的过程包括以下步骤：Preferably, the process of establishing a functional relationship includes the following steps:
（1）根据以下式（I）计算温度系数K，(1) Calculate the temperature coefficient K according to the following formula (I),
K=（T终-T0）÷T差 式（I）K=(T end -T 0 )÷T difference formula (I)
其中，T终为转炉终点温度，T0为转炉入炉温度，K为温度系数；Among them, T is the final temperature of the converter, T 0 is the temperature of the converter, and K is the temperature coefficient;
（2）将步骤（1）中得到的温度系数K与转炉入炉温度T0之间进行线性统计，建立线性变化的函数关系Y=a×T0+b，得到修正的温度系数Y；(2) Carry out linear statistics between the temperature coefficient K obtained in step (1) and the temperature T 0 of the converter, establish a linearly changing functional relationship Y=a×T 0 +b, and obtain the corrected temperature coefficient Y;
（3）根据修正的温度系数Y建立如下式（II）所示的函数关系，(3) According to the corrected temperature coefficient Y, the functional relationship shown in the following formula (II) is established,
T=Y×T差+T0 式（II）T=Y×T difference +T 0 formula (II)
其中，T为预报的转炉实时温度。Among them, T is the predicted real-time temperature of the converter.
优选地，在转炉提钒过程中，入炉铁水含有C、Si、Mn、Ti和V，以入炉铁水的总重量为基准，C的含量为4.1-4.6重量%，Si的含量为0.05-0.3重量%，Mn的含量为0.1-0.5重量%，Ti的含量为0.1-0.35重量%，V的含量为0.05-0.35重量%，Fe的含量为93-95.6重量%。Preferably, during the process of extracting vanadium in the converter, the molten iron fed into the furnace contains C, Si, Mn, Ti and V, based on the total weight of the molten iron fed into the furnace, the content of C is 4.1-4.6% by weight, and the content of Si is 0.05- 0.3% by weight, the content of Mn is 0.1-0.5% by weight, the content of Ti is 0.1-0.35% by weight, the content of V is 0.05-0.35% by weight, and the content of Fe is 93-95.6% by weight.
优选地，转炉入炉温度为1150-1400℃；更优选地，转炉入炉温度为1200-1320℃。Preferably, the temperature for entering the converter is 1150-1400°C; more preferably, the temperature for entering the converter is 1200-1320°C.
下面结合实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
实施例中，对116炉次的转炉提钒进行实时跟踪，其中，在转炉提钒过程中，入炉铁水含有C、Si、Mn、Ti、V和Fe，以入炉铁水的总重量为基准，C的含量为4.5重量%，Si的含量为0.1重量%，Mn的含量为0.3重量%，Ti的含量为0.25重量%，V的含量为0.15重量%，Fe的含量为94.7重量%。In the embodiment, real-time tracking is carried out on the 116 batches of converter vanadium extraction, wherein, during the process of converter vanadium extraction, the molten iron entering the furnace contains C, Si, Mn, Ti, V and Fe, based on the total weight of the molten iron entering the furnace , the content of C is 4.5% by weight, the content of Si is 0.1% by weight, the content of Mn is 0.3% by weight, the content of Ti is 0.25% by weight, the content of V is 0.15% by weight, and the content of Fe is 94.7% by weight.
记录并统计提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的温度差T差、转炉终点温度T终和转炉入炉温度T0，接着建立提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的温度差T差、转炉入炉温度T终与转炉实时温度T的线性变化的函数关系，具体地，建立函数关系的过程如下：Record and count the temperature difference T difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium extraction lance, the converter end temperature T end and the converter inlet temperature T 0 , and then establish the temperature difference T difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium extraction lance, The functional relationship between the input temperature T of the converter and the linear change of the real-time temperature T of the converter. Specifically, the process of establishing the functional relationship is as follows:
（1）定义一个无量纲的温度系数K，K表示相对于提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的温度差每变化1℃，转炉升高的温度。根据以下式（I）计算每一炉次的温度系数K，(1) Define a dimensionless temperature coefficient K, K represents the temperature increase of the converter relative to the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium extraction lance when it changes by 1 °C. Calculate the temperature coefficient K of each heat according to the following formula (I),
K=（T终-T0）÷T差 式（I）K=(T end -T 0 )÷T difference formula (I)
其中，T终为转炉终点温度即为提钒铁水的出炉温度，T0为转炉入炉温度即为提钒铁水的入炉温度，T差为提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的温度差；Among them, T is the end point temperature of the converter, which is the outlet temperature of the vanadium-extracting molten iron, T 0 is the inlet temperature of the converter, which is the furnace temperature of the vanadium-extracting molten iron, and T difference is the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium-extracting oxygen lance ;
（2）将步骤（1）中得到的116炉次的温度系数K与转炉入炉温度T0之间进行线性统计，建立线性变化的函数关系Y=a×T0+b，得到a=-0.1072，b=147.44，故修正的温度系数Y=-0.1072×T0+147.44，其中Y的相关系数R2=0.7978，由此可见表示上述函数关系的线性回归直线的拟合优度较高；(2) Perform linear statistics between the temperature coefficient K of 116 heats obtained in step (1) and the temperature T 0 of the converter, establish a linearly changing functional relationship Y=a×T 0 +b, and obtain a=- 0.1072, b=147.44, so the corrected temperature coefficient Y=-0.1072×T 0 +147.44, where the correlation coefficient R 2 of Y =0.7978, which shows that the goodness of fit of the linear regression line representing the above-mentioned functional relationship is relatively high;
（3）根据修正的温度系数Y建立如下式（II）所示的函数关系，(3) According to the corrected temperature coefficient Y, the functional relationship shown in the following formula (II) is established,
T=Y×T差+T0 式（II）T=Y×T difference +T 0 formula (II)
其中，T为预报的转炉实时温度。Among them, T is the predicted real-time temperature of the converter.
然后，采用上述式（II）所示的函数关系根据提钒氧枪中冷却水的进出水的实时温度差T差计算并预报转炉实时温度T。其中，在上述116炉次的转炉提钒过程中，T入水、T出水、T差、T0、T终、K、Y和T分别如下表1所示。Then, the functional relationship shown in the above formula (II) is used to calculate and predict the real-time temperature T of the converter according to the real-time temperature difference T difference between the inlet and outlet water of the cooling water in the vanadium extraction lance. Among them, in the above 116 heats of the converter vanadium extraction process, T into water , T out of water , T difference , T 0 , T end , K, Y and T are shown in Table 1 below.
表1Table 1
接着，将上述116炉次的转炉提钒中根据本发明的方法得到的预报的转炉实时温度T与相应的实际温度进行对比，建立如图2所示的对比图，并建立模型统计预报温度的命中率，结果如下表2所示。Then, the converter real-time temperature T obtained according to the method of the present invention is compared with the corresponding actual temperature in the converter vanadium extraction of the above-mentioned 116 heats, and a comparison chart as shown in Figure 2 is established, and the statistical prediction temperature of the model is established. Hit rate, the results are shown in Table 2 below.
表2Table 2
由图2及表2可以看出，根据本发明的方法能够准确地预报提钒转炉吹炼过程中转炉的实时温度。It can be seen from Fig. 2 and Table 2 that the method according to the present invention can accurately predict the real-time temperature of the converter during the blowing process of the vanadium extraction converter.
对比例comparative example
该对比例中仅仅考虑提钒转炉吹炼开始和结束的提钒氧枪进出水的温度差T差与终点温度T终之间的关系，建立的统计关系如图3所示。In this comparative example, only the relationship between the temperature difference T difference between the inlet and outlet water of the vanadium extraction lance at the beginning and end of the blowing of the vanadium extraction converter and the end point temperature T is considered, and the established statistical relationship is shown in Figure 3.
由图3可以看出，由提钒转炉吹炼开始和结束的提钒氧枪进出水的温度差T差与终点温度T终得到线性统计的相关性系数R2仅为0.0033，0.0033接近于0，由此可以说明这条线性回归直线的拟合优度较低，从而不能由提钒氧枪进出水的温度差T差准确地预报转炉的实时温度T。It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the correlation coefficient R2 of the linear statistical correlation coefficient R2 obtained from the temperature difference T difference between the inlet and outlet water of the vanadium extraction oxygen lance at the beginning and end of the vanadium extraction converter blowing and the end point temperature T is only 0.0033, and 0.0033 is close to 0 , which shows that the goodness of fit of this linear regression line is low, so the real-time temperature T of the converter cannot be accurately predicted by the temperature difference T difference between the inlet and outlet water of the vanadium extraction lance.
由此可见，根据本发明的所述转炉提钒过程中转炉实时温度的预报方法能够准确预报转炉提钒过程中转炉实时温度T，从而可以实现对转炉提钒各项指标的提高及自动控制。It can be seen that, according to the method for forecasting the real-time temperature of the converter during the vanadium extraction process of the converter according to the present invention, it can accurately predict the real-time temperature T of the converter during the vanadium extraction process of the converter, thereby realizing the improvement and automatic control of various indicators of the vanadium extraction of the converter.
Claims (5)
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| CN113462851A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-01 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Operation method for determining end point temperature by converter oxygen lance water temperature difference |
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