CN104059948A - Method of synthesizing acrylamide by using acrylonitrile hydratase - Google Patents
Method of synthesizing acrylamide by using acrylonitrile hydratase Download PDFInfo
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- CN104059948A CN104059948A CN201410194527.2A CN201410194527A CN104059948A CN 104059948 A CN104059948 A CN 104059948A CN 201410194527 A CN201410194527 A CN 201410194527A CN 104059948 A CN104059948 A CN 104059948A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of synthesizing acrylamide by using acrylonitrile hydratase. The method comprises the following steps: providing a container which contains a free cell solution; providing a film reactor which comprises a microporous film dividing the film reactor into a first chamber and a second chamber; continuously adding the free cell solution to the first chamber of the film reactor through a first conveying pipeline, wherein the free cell solution flows along the surface of the microporous film in the first chamber; providing acrylonitrile which is continuously added into the second chamber of the film reactor through a second conveying pipeline, wherein acrylonitrile penetrates through the microporous film and enters the first chamber to be added into the flowing free cell solution to be mixed to form a mixed solution, and the mixed solution flows out of the second chamber and enters a reaction pipeline; circularly regurgitating the mixed solution in the reaction pipeline to the container, wherein the solution in the container then circularly flows into the first chamber of the film reactor to circularly react with acrylonitrile penetrating through the microporous film.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide.
Background technology
Acrylamide is as a kind of important industrial chemicals, and its main application is for preparing polyacrylamide.And polyacrylamide can be widely used in the numerous areas such as petroleum industry, mining industry, coal washing industry, metallurgical industry, water treatment, sugar-refining industry, building materials industry as a kind of good flocculation agent.Particularly due to China to the utilization of polyacrylamide in fields such as paper-making water treatment also in initialization phase, along with enhancing and the attention to water treatment of environmental consciousness, the market requirement of polyacrylamide in China will further expand.
The preparation method of traditional acrylamide generally comprises sulphuric acid hydrolysis and copper catalytic hydration.Wherein, sulphuric acid hydrolysis utilizes vinyl cyanide to react with 98% the vitriol oil, in reaction process, can produce ammonium sulfate, and simultaneously whole process is complicated, and sulfuric acid consumption is large, and serious to equipment corrosion severe contamination, cost is higher, is therefore eliminated gradually.Copper catalytic hydration comprises fixed-bed catalytic hydration method, suspension bed catalytic hydration.General Cu-Ni and the Cu-Cr catalyzer of adopting, the relative sulfuric acid hydration process of its flow process is relatively simple, but also exist at per pass conversion lower, the shortcoming that the reaction times is longer.And emerging microbial method preparation flow is simple, process is comparatively green, and simultaneously because enzymic catalytic reaction speed of response is very fast, so production efficiency can significantly improve.Therefore have broad application prospects.The subject matter bag that at present microbial method faces is mainly the heat problem that moves of the enzyme deactivation problem brought due to mass transfer and hydration reaction.
Summary of the invention
Therefore,, for overcoming above-mentioned shortcoming, the invention provides a kind of new method of utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide.
A method of utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide, it comprises the following steps: a container is provided, fills free cell liquid in this container, the temperature of this container is less than 20 degrees Celsius; One membrane reactor is provided, and this membrane reactor comprises a microporous membrane, and this microporous membrane is divided into the first chamber and the second chamber by membrane reactor; The first chamber of the membrane reactor that described free cell liquid is added continuously by one first transport pipe, and make free cell liquid surface flow along microporous membrane in the first chamber; Vinyl cyanide is provided, and this vinyl cyanide is added to the second chamber of membrane reactor continuously by one second transport pipe, and vinyl cyanide enters the first chamber through microporous membrane and is added to the rear mixed solution that forms of mixing in mobile free cell liquid; Described mixed solution flows out and enters a reacting pipe from the second chamber, and the temperature in this reacting pipe is less than 20 degrees Celsius, and the length of reacting pipe is greater than 0.5 meter; And described container is flowed back in the mixed solution circulation in reacting pipe, the solution recirculation in this container flows into the first chamber of membrane reactor, with the vinyl cyanide circulating reaction through microporous membrane.
Compared to prior art, the present invention utilizes membrane reactor, can two-phase still can evenly be mixed rapidly under comparing greatly by reinforcing mass transfer, has avoided the too high problem of vinyl cyanide partial concn; Because vinyl cyanide is through after microporous membrane, be dispersed into less vinyl cyanide drop, greatly increased the specific surface area of reaction, and then improved the apparent reaction rates of reaction, reaction faster simultaneously can make to reduce the duration of contact of acrylamide and cell, therefore can reduce to a certain extent the restraining effect that product is lived to enzyme; Because membrane reactor heat transfer property is excellent, therefore reaction heat can be shifted out rapidly, therefore avoided the too high enzyme deactivation problem of bringing of temperature of reaction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schema that utilizes membrane reactor to prepare the method for acrylamide provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is the square law device schematic diagram that utilizes membrane reactor to prepare acrylamide provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is the enlarged diagram of membrane reactor provided by the invention.
Main element nomenclature
| Container | 100 |
| Agitator | 102 |
| Membrane reactor | 200 |
| Microporous membrane | 202 |
| The first chamber | 204 |
| The second chamber | 206 |
| The first transport pipe | 300 |
| The second transport pipe | 400 |
| Reacting pipe | 500 |
Following embodiment further illustrates the present invention in connection with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
Refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the invention provides a kind of method of utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide, it comprises the following steps:
S1 a: container 100 is provided, fills free cell liquid in this container 100, the temperature of this container 100 is less than 5 degrees Celsius;
S2 a: membrane reactor 200 is provided, and this membrane reactor 200 comprises a microporous membrane 202, this microporous membrane 202 is divided into the first chamber 204 and the second chamber 206 by membrane reactor 200;
S3: the first chamber 204 of the membrane reactor 200 that described free cell liquid is added continuously by one first transport pipe 300, and make free cell liquid in the interior surface flow along microporous membrane 202 of the first chamber 204;
S4: vinyl cyanide is provided, and this vinyl cyanide is added to the second chamber 206 of membrane reactor 200 continuously by one second transport pipe 400, vinyl cyanide enters the first chamber 204 through microporous membrane 202 and is added to the rear mixed solution that forms of mixing in mobile free cell liquid;
S5: described mixed solution flows out and enters a reacting pipe 500 from the first chamber 204, and the temperature in this reacting pipe 500 is less than 5 degrees Celsius, and the length of reacting pipe 500 is greater than 0.5 meter; And
S6: described container 100 is flowed back in the mixed solution circulation in reacting pipe 500, and the solution recirculation in this container 100 flows into the first chamber 204 of membrane reactor 200, with the vinyl cyanide circulating reaction through microporous membrane 202.
In step S1, described container 100 can be large container, as beaker, and also can be for thering is the container 100 of at least three openings, as there-necked flask.In the present embodiment, select there-necked flask.This container 100, as in water-bath environment or attemperator, keeps its temperature to be less than 20oC.In described free cell liquid, contain hydratase of acrylonitrile, its activity is 1500～2500 U/ml.In the present embodiment, the temperature of container 100 remains on 5 oC, and in described free cell liquid, enzymic activity is 2000U/ml.Described container 100 further comprises an agitator 102, and the solution in 102 pairs of containers 100 of this agitator carries out continuously stirring.
In step S2, described membrane reactor is a microreactor.The micropore size of described microporous membrane 202 is 2～10 microns, and in the present embodiment, the micropore size of microporous membrane 202 is 5 microns.Described micropore can be metallic substance or other matrix material of macromolecular material, painting matcoveredn.This microporous membrane 202 has relative two surfaces, first surface and second surfaces.Microporous membrane and there are a plurality of micropore through-thickness and run through described microporous membrane 202.The first chamber 204 and the second chamber 206 lay respectively at microporous membrane 202 both sides, and its large I is selected according to actual requirement.The first surface of microporous membrane 202 is positioned at the first chamber 204, and second surface is positioned at the second chamber 206.
In step S3, described free cell liquid is added to after the first chamber 204, in the first chamber 204, along the first surface that is parallel to microporous membrane 202, flows.The flow of described free cell liquid is 2～4 ml/min.In the present embodiment, free cell liquid and microporous membrane 202 are in contact with one another and flow along the direction that is parallel to the first surface of microporous membrane 202.
In step S4, described vinyl cyanide is pure vinyl cyanide, is oil phase.Vinyl cyanide is added in the second chamber 206 continuously by the second transport pipe 400.The flow velocity of vinyl cyanide is as the criterion can not overflow membrane reactor 200.Vinyl cyanide vertically adds in mobile free cell liquid through microporous membrane 202 by the second surface of microporous membrane 202.Described vertically adds, and refers to that direction that vinyl cyanide adds is perpendicular to the mobile direction of free cell liquid.In this process, vinyl cyanide is through after microporous membrane 202, be divided into a plurality of small drops, meanwhile, because free cell liquid constantly flows, the drop cross-flow of vinyl cyanide is sheared, the drop that makes vinyl cyanide fully disperses in free cell liquid, between reaction mass, fully mix, make vinyl cyanide start to occur hydration reaction, generate acrylamide.In this step, adopt membrane reactor 200, avoided the too high problem of vinyl cyanide partial concn, simultaneously due to after disperseing vinyl cyanide drop less, therefore greatly increased the specific surface area of reaction, and then improved the apparent reaction rates of reaction.Reaction faster simultaneously can make to reduce the duration of contact of acrylamide and cell, therefore can reduce to a certain extent the restraining effect that product is lived to enzyme.
In step S5, mixed solution in described step S4 flow into reacting pipe 500 interior after, at the interior generation acrylamide that continues to react of reacting pipe 500.The length of described reacting pipe 500 should be greater than 0.5 meter, so that vinyl cyanide and free cell liquid have the enough reaction times.Reacting pipe 500 can be a pipeline spiraling.Reacting pipe 500 is placed in water-bath environment, its temperature is remained on and be less than 20 oC.
In step S6, mixed solution is got back to container 100 again from reacting pipe 500, after solution in container 100 mixes mutually, liquid after mixing is transmitted back to membrane reactor from the first transport pipe 300 again, again reacts with the free cell liquid through microporous membrane 202 from the second chamber 206.
According to the step of S1 to S6, circulating reaction for some time, after stopping, can obtaining the acrylamide that concentration is higher.In sending out the process of answering, can at set intervals the mixture in container 100 be taken out to about 2mL, and by the acrylamide concentration in gas Chromatographic Determination product.When the concentration of acrylamide reaches needed concentration, can stop circulating reaction.
In the preparation method of acrylamide provided by the present invention, under the katalysis of the hydratase of acrylonitrile of vinyl cyanide in free cell liquid, there is hydration reaction:
In above-mentioned reaction process, because the acrylamide of vinyl cyanide and generation all can be to the raw inhibition of the enzyme life birth of hydratase of acrylonitrile, experimental results show that vinyl cyanide is when concentration reaches 0.4mol/L, can be to the raw restraining effect of enzyme life birth, vinyl cyanide must slowly add cell culture fluid.Therefore, in the preparation method of traditional acrylamide, whole reaction time consumption is larger, in order to guarantee that abundant mixing often adopts strong mixing also to increase to a great extent energy consumption; On the other hand, because acrylamide is also given birth to more obvious restraining effect to enzyme life birth when concentration reaches 250g/L, so traditional industrial stirred-tank reactor the highest acrylamide product that can only obtain low concentration within the longer reaction times, want to improve production concentration, must add enrichment step, whole flow process is comparatively complicated; Simultaneously the hydration reaction due to vinyl cyanide is a fast response and is accompanied by larger thermal discharge, and therefore often liquefied ammonia and chilled brine carry out coolingly, have therefore further strengthened energy consumption and the production cost of reaction.
In the present invention, adopt membrane reactor membrane reactor to prepare acrylamide, by microporous membrane, vinyl cyanide is divided into a plurality of small drops, simultaneously, because free cell liquid constantly flows, the drop cross-flow of vinyl cyanide to be sheared, the drop that makes vinyl cyanide fully disperses in free cell liquid, between reaction mass, fully mix, avoided the too high problem of vinyl cyanide partial concn; Simultaneously due to after disperseing vinyl cyanide drop less, greatly increased the specific surface area of reaction, and then improved the apparent reaction rates of reaction; Meanwhile, reaction faster can make to reduce the duration of contact of acrylamide and cell, therefore can reduce to a certain extent the restraining effect that acrylamide is lived to enzyme; On the other hand, because membrane reactor heat transfer property is excellent, therefore reaction heat can be shifted out rapidly, therefore avoid the too high enzyme deactivation problem of bringing of temperature of reaction.
The simple easily operation of preparation process of acrylamide of the present invention, energy consumption is lower.By regulation and control two phase flow, two-phase processing condition such as temperature of reaction when mutually, the shortlyest under optimal conditions can in 30 minutes, reach 60% acrylamide product, in product, vinyl cyanide and acrylic acid concentration can be ignored simultaneously.Whole preparation process is green, safety, efficient, and controllability is strong.
By specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention below, but be not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The disperse phase adopting is oil phase, i.e. pure vinyl cyanide.Initial external phase is TH-3 type rhodococcus free cell liquid.Getting the work of 80mL enzyme is the free cell liquid of 2000U, by it as in there-necked flask and stir.There-necked flask is positioned in ice-water bath, guarantees that whole temperature of reaction system is not higher than 5 ℃.Utilize film dispersion reactor that vinyl cyanide and free cell liquid are mixed and reacted, external phase also constantly circulates and shears disperse phase and forms monodispersed vinyl cyanide drop, and carries out catalyzed reaction.The coil pipe that is 1 meter by length after mixed vinyl cyanide and free cell liquid mix continues reaction, and guarantees that in coil pipe, temperature is not higher than 5 ℃, and reacted mixed solution flows into there-necked flask and continues catalyzing propone nitrile constantly circulation.At set intervals the mixture in there-necked flask is taken out to 2mL, and by the acrylamide concentration in gas Chromatographic Determination product.Wherein, external phase disperse phase is in a ratio of 30, and disperse phase flow is between 1-5min/mL.
Embodiment 2
The disperse phase adopting is oil phase, i.e. pure vinyl cyanide.Initial external phase is TH-3 type rhodococcus free cell liquid.Getting the work of 80mL enzyme is the free cell liquid of 2000U, by it as in there-necked flask and stir.There-necked flask is positioned in ice-water bath, guarantees that whole temperature of reaction system is not higher than 5 ℃.Utilize film dispersion reactor that vinyl cyanide and free cell liquid are mixed and reacted, external phase also constantly circulates and shears disperse phase and forms monodispersed vinyl cyanide drop, and carries out catalyzed reaction.The coil pipe that is 1 meter by length after mixed vinyl cyanide and free cell liquid mix continues reaction, and guarantees that in coil pipe, temperature is not higher than 5 oC, and reacted mixed solution flows into there-necked flask and continues catalyzing propone nitrile constantly circulation.At set intervals the mixture in there-necked flask is taken out to 2mL, and by the acrylamide concentration in gas Chromatographic Determination product.Wherein external phase flow is 70-50mL/min, and disperse phase flow is 10-2mL/min.Repeat above-mentioned experiment and temperature of reaction is controlled to 10-20 oC.
Embodiment 3
The disperse phase adopting is oil phase, i.e. pure vinyl cyanide.Initial external phase is TH-3 type rhodococcus free cell liquid.Getting the work of 80mL enzyme is the free cell liquid of 2000U, by it as in there-necked flask and stir.There-necked flask is positioned in ice-water bath, guarantees that whole temperature of reaction system is not higher than 5 oC.Utilize film dispersion reactor that vinyl cyanide and free cell liquid are mixed and reacted, external phase also constantly circulates and shears disperse phase and forms monodispersed vinyl cyanide drop, and carries out catalyzed reaction.The coil pipe that is 1 meter by length after mixed vinyl cyanide and free cell liquid mix continues reaction, and guarantees that in coil pipe, temperature is not higher than 5 oC, and reacted mixed solution flows into there-necked flask and continues catalyzing propone nitrile constantly circulation.To at set intervals the mixture in there-necked flask be taken out to 2mL, and by the acrylamide concentration in gas Chromatographic Determination product.Wherein external phase disperse phase is in a ratio of between 40-10.External phase flow is being fixed as 80 mL/min.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other and change in spirit of the present invention, and certainly, the variation that these are done according to spirit of the present invention, within all should being included in the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (10)
1. a method of utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide, it comprises the following steps:
S1 a: container is provided, fills free cell liquid in this container, the temperature of this container is less than 20 degrees Celsius;
S2 a: membrane reactor is provided, and this membrane reactor comprises a microporous membrane, this microporous membrane is divided into the first chamber and the second chamber by membrane reactor;
S3: the first chamber of the membrane reactor that described free cell liquid is added continuously by one first transport pipe, and make free cell liquid surface flow along microporous membrane in the first chamber;
S4: vinyl cyanide is provided, and this vinyl cyanide is added to the second chamber of membrane reactor continuously by one second transport pipe, vinyl cyanide enters the first chamber through microporous membrane and is added to the rear mixed solution that forms of mixing in mobile free cell liquid;
S5: described mixed solution flows out and enters a reacting pipe from the second chamber, and the temperature in this reacting pipe is less than 20 degrees Celsius, and the length of reacting pipe is greater than 0.5 meter; And
S6: described container is flowed back in the mixed solution circulation in reacting pipe, and the solution recirculation in this container flows into the first chamber of membrane reactor, with the vinyl cyanide circulating reaction through microporous membrane.
2. the method for utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described free cell liquid, contains hydratase of acrylonitrile, and its activity is 1500～2500 U/ml.
3. the method for utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the micropore size of described microporous membrane is 2～10 microns.
4. the method for utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described free cell liquid is added to after the second chamber, and in the second chamber, edge is parallel to the surface flow of microporous membrane.
5. the method for utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described vinyl cyanide directly and is vertically added in free cell liquid through after microporous membrane.
6. the method for utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described vinyl cyanide is pure vinyl cyanide.
7. the method for utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described container and reacting pipe are placed in water-bath environment.
8. the method for utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described container further comprises an agitator, and the solution in container is carried out to continuously stirring.
9. the method for utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the process of circulating reaction, at set intervals, take out the spiece in container, and by the concentration of acrylamide in this mixture of gas Chromatographic Determination.
10. a method of utilizing hydratase of acrylonitrile synthesis of acrylamide, it comprises the following steps:
S1 a: membrane reactor is provided, and this membrane reactor comprises a microporous membrane, and this microporous membrane has relative first surface and second surface;
S2: provide a free cell liquid in a container, this free cell liquid flows along the first surface of microporous membrane;
S3: vinyl cyanide is provided, and this vinyl cyanide is added to mobile free cell liquid through microporous membrane from the second surface of microporous membrane, forms mixed solution; And
S4: the generation acrylamide that reacts of the liquid in described mixed solution, the container that mixed solution flows into free cell liquid mixes with free cell liquid, and then input membrane reactor is mobile along the first surface of microporous membrane, with the vinyl cyanide generation circulating reaction through microporous membrane.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN107475317A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The preparation method of acrylamide aqueous solution |
| CN107779482A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-09 | 山东宝莫生物化工股份有限公司 | A kind of production technology of high concentration acrylamide |
| CN112501220A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-03-16 | 东营宝莫环境工程有限公司 | Efficient catalytic reaction production method for synthesizing acrylamide by biological method |
| CN113999880A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-01 | 东营宝莫环境工程有限公司 | Efficient catalytic reaction production method for synthesizing acrylamide by changing mass transfer and heat transfer modes |
| CN115121200A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-30 | 浙江大学 | Method for continuously preparing alkylaluminoxane based on micro membrane reactor |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107475317A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The preparation method of acrylamide aqueous solution |
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| CN107779482A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-09 | 山东宝莫生物化工股份有限公司 | A kind of production technology of high concentration acrylamide |
| CN112501220A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-03-16 | 东营宝莫环境工程有限公司 | Efficient catalytic reaction production method for synthesizing acrylamide by biological method |
| CN113999880A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-01 | 东营宝莫环境工程有限公司 | Efficient catalytic reaction production method for synthesizing acrylamide by changing mass transfer and heat transfer modes |
| CN115121200A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-30 | 浙江大学 | Method for continuously preparing alkylaluminoxane based on micro membrane reactor |
| CN115121200B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-02-13 | 浙江大学 | Method for continuously preparing alkylaluminoxane based on micro-membrane reactor |
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