CN104058825B - 一种生物有机复合包膜柑桔专用肥料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种生物有机复合包膜柑桔专用肥料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物有机复合包膜柑桔专用肥料，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：稻壳90-100、砻糠87-93、麸皮68-74、玉米芯64-70、中药渣50-55、钼酸铵1-2、硫酸亚铁2-4、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌4-6、EM菌剂5-7、氧化钾16-21、氧化镁3-4、硫酸锌1-2、聚乙烯醇7-9、土壤改良剂8-10、水适量；本发明添加土壤改良剂，具有增效、促进植物吸收营养、缓释的作用；通过将有机发酵肥料与化学肥料混合，加上多种微量元素的添加，再经过包膜形成缓释的肥料，减少了肥力流失，延长了肥效，增加了柑桔的产量，而且柑桔品质有所提高，提高了经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肥料领域，特别是一种生物有机复合包膜柑桔专用肥料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前中国柑桔的配方施肥还停留在大量养分氮、磷、钾的推荐用量N 0.5-1.1kg/株，P2O5 0.1-0.3kg/株，K2O
0.1-0.2kg/株，这种配方中的氮肥比例过大而磷钾养分比例偏低，目前在柑桔上对中、微量养分仅处于“经验施肥”的水平，只有部分柑桔园在开花时喷施硼肥，很少有柑桔园施用其它中、微量元素肥料。这种不合理的养分施用导致柑桔产量低、品质劣、农民收入下降，同时由于氮肥施用量过大及与其他养分的比例失调还会导致过量的氮肥流失，最终导致环境污染。
包膜肥料又称包衣肥料、薄膜肥料。用半透性或不透性薄膜物质包裹速效性化肥颗粒而成的肥料。成膜物质有塑料、树脂、石蜡、聚乙烯和元素硫等。包膜的目的是使包膜肥料在施入土壤后里面的速效养分缓慢地释放出来，以延长肥效。释放速率决定于包膜种类、厚度、粒径、肥料溶解性、土壤温度、土壤含水量以及土壤微生物活性等。适用于经济价值高、生育期长、需肥量大但又不便分次施肥的作物，以及养分易于淋失的温高、多雨地区或灌溉地区，尤其是在质地轻的砂性土壤上。现有包膜肥料多缺乏针对性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种生物有机复合包膜柑桔专用肥料及其制备方法。
为了实现本发明的目的，本发明通过以下方案实施：
一种生物有机复合包膜柑桔专用肥料，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：稻壳90-100、砻糠87-93、麸皮68-74、玉米芯64-70、中药渣50-55、钼酸铵1-2、硫酸亚铁2-4、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌4-6、EM菌剂5-7、氧化钾16-21、氧化镁3-4、硫酸锌1-2、聚乙烯醇7-9、土壤改良剂8-10、水适量；
所述土壤改良剂由以下重量份的原料制成：竹炭10-20、纳米碳粉1-2、偏硅酸钠4-5、甲基丙烯酸甲酯17-19、酵母硒3-4、硫酸铜2-3、葡萄糖酸锌2-3、氯化镁1-2、钼酸铵2-3、硼酸1-2、双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯4-6、食醋30-40、壳聚糖2-3、桉树油1-2、柠檬酸2-3、纳米二氧化钛1-2、过硫酸铵2-3、甲基三乙氧基硅烷1-2；制备方法是首先将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯与竹炭、纳米碳粉、桉树油、纳米二氧化钛、过硫酸铵、甲基三乙氧基硅烷混合搅拌均匀形成混合物；再将其余剩余成分进行混合，充分搅拌形成食醋溶液；将混合物与食醋溶液混合，高速分散成浆料即得。
本发明所述一种生物有机复合包膜柑桔专用肥料，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将钼酸铵、硫酸亚铁、氧化钾、氧化镁、硫酸锌混合后，加入适量的温水，混合均匀加入土壤改良剂，继续搅拌均匀，得浆料后，浓缩干燥，制成颗粒；
（2）将除二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、聚乙烯醇之外的其余剩余成分混合均匀，保持含水量40-45%，搅拌均匀，密封，常温下进行无氧发酵20-30天，期间每隔3-4天翻堆一次，将发酵完的物料烘干，粉碎，制成颗粒；
（3）将熔融的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌与步骤（1）和步骤（2）的混合颗粒肥料混合均匀，常温冷却干燥后，再将聚乙烯醇溶于常温水中搅拌均匀，均匀地喷雾到表面即获得包膜的肥料。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明添加土壤改良剂，具有增效、促进植物吸收营养、缓释的作用；通过将有机发酵肥料与化学肥料混合，加上多种微量元素的添加，再经过包膜形成缓释的肥料，减少了肥力流失，延长了肥效，增加了柑桔的产量，而且柑桔品质有所提高，提高了经济效益。
具体实施方案
下面通过具体实例对本发明进行详细说明。
一种生物有机复合包膜柑桔专用肥料，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制备制成：稻壳90、砻糠87、麸皮68、玉米芯64、中药渣50、钼酸铵1、硫酸亚铁2、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌4、EM菌剂5、氧化钾16、氧化镁3、硫酸锌1、聚乙烯醇7、土壤改良剂8、水适量；
所述土壤改良剂由以下重量份（公斤）的原料制成：竹炭10、纳米碳粉1、偏硅酸钠4、甲基丙烯酸甲酯17、酵母硒3、硫酸铜2、葡萄糖酸锌2、氯化镁1、钼酸铵2、硼酸1、双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯4、食醋30、壳聚糖2、桉树油1、柠檬酸2、纳米二氧化钛1、过硫酸铵2、甲基三乙氧基硅烷1；制备方法是首先将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯与竹炭、纳米碳粉、桉树油、纳米二氧化钛、过硫酸铵、甲基三乙氧基硅烷混合搅拌均匀形成混合物；再将其余剩余成分进行混合，充分搅拌形成食醋溶液；将混合物与食醋溶液混合，高速分散成浆料即得。
本发明所述一种生物有机复合包膜柑桔专用肥料，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将钼酸铵、硫酸亚铁、氧化钾、氧化镁、硫酸锌混合后，加入适量的温水，混合均匀加入土壤改良剂，继续搅拌均匀，得浆料后，浓缩干燥，制成颗粒；
（2）将除二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、聚乙烯醇之外的其余剩余成分混合均匀，保持含水量40-45%，搅拌均匀，密封，常温下进行无氧发酵20-30天，期间每隔3-4天翻堆一次，将发酵完的物料烘干，粉碎，制成颗粒；
（3）将熔融的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌与步骤（1）和步骤（2）的混合颗粒肥料混合均匀，常温冷却干燥后，再将聚乙烯醇溶于常温水中搅拌均匀，均匀地喷雾到表面即获得包膜的肥料。
将每亩100颗的品种、树龄都相同的相邻两亩的柑桔树平均分为实验组和对照组两组，将本发明的肥料与普通肥料作为底肥分别施加于实验组与对照组，使得平均单株产量达到19.3kg，亩产1930kg，亩产增加了550kg。实验结果表明，本发明柑桔专用肥料优于其他普通肥料。
Claims (1)
1.一种生物有机复合包膜柑桔专用肥料，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：稻壳 90-100、砻糠 87-93、麸皮
68-74、玉米芯 64-70、中药渣 50-55、钼酸铵 1-2、硫酸亚铁2-4、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌 4-6、EM 菌剂5-7、氧化钾 16-21、氧化镁3-4、硫酸锌1-2、聚乙烯醇 7-9、土壤改良剂 8-10、水适量；
制备方法为：（1）将钼酸铵、硫酸亚铁、氧化钾、氧化镁、硫酸锌混合后，加入适量的温水，混合均匀加入土壤改良剂，继续搅拌均匀，得浆料后，浓缩干燥，制成颗粒；
（2）将除二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、聚乙烯醇之外的其余剩余成分混合均匀，保持含水量40-45%，搅拌均匀，密封，常温下进行无氧发酵 20-30 天，期间每隔 3-4 天翻堆一次，将发酵完的物料烘干，粉碎，制成颗粒；
（3）将熔融的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌与步骤（1）和步骤（2）的混合颗粒肥料混合均匀，常温冷却干燥后，再将聚乙烯醇溶于常温水中搅拌均匀，均匀地喷雾到表面即获得包膜的肥料；
所述土壤改良剂由以下重量份的原料制成：竹炭 10-20、纳米碳粉 1-2、偏硅酸钠 4-5、甲基丙烯酸甲酯 17-19、酵母硒 3-4、硫酸铜
2-3、葡萄糖酸锌 2-3、氯化镁 1-2、钼酸铵 2-3、硼酸 1-2、双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯 4-6、食醋 30-40、壳聚糖
2-3、桉树油 1-2、柠檬酸 2-3、纳米二氧化钛 1-2、过硫酸铵 2-3、甲基三乙氧基硅烷 1-2 ；制备方法是首先将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯与竹炭、纳米碳粉、桉树油、纳米二氧化钛、过硫酸铵、甲基三乙氧基硅烷混合搅拌均匀形成混合物；再将其余剩余成分进行混合，充分搅拌形成食醋溶液；
将混合物与食醋溶液混合，高速分散成浆料即得。
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