CN104052529B - A kind of aerial array and a kind of communication means for full-duplex communication - Google Patents
A kind of aerial array and a kind of communication means for full-duplex communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN104052529B CN104052529B CN201310082191.6A CN201310082191A CN104052529B CN 104052529 B CN104052529 B CN 104052529B CN 201310082191 A CN201310082191 A CN 201310082191A CN 104052529 B CN104052529 B CN 104052529B
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Abstract
In order to solve the disadvantage that existing full-duplex communication, the present invention propose a kind of aerial array and a kind of communication means for full-duplex communication.The aerial array includes：First subarray has multiple first antennas member；Second subarray has multiple second antenna elements；In the same time, one in first subarray and second subarray is used to send signal, another is for receiving signal, to carry out full-duplex communication, wherein, first subarray is detached with the second subarray, and the polarization direction of the second antenna element of the polarization direction and second subarray of the first antenna member of first subarray is orthogonal.The aerial array has very high isolation between full duplex transmitting-receiving, reduces the self-interference of full duplex transmitting-receiving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication more particularly to full-duplex communications.
Background technology
In traditional intercommunication system, half duplex techniques (such as TDD time division duplexs and FDD frequency division duplex) are usually used
Signal and reception signal are sent in separating.
The present invention is directed to propose for realizing the technology of full-duplex communication.A long time ago, full-duplex communication just causes extensively
It pays close attention to generally, but until full-duplex communication today also lacks technical operability.Full duplex means radio node energy
Enough implement to send and receive in same time using identical carrier frequency.Because full duplex has the frequency spectrum effect for the system that doubles
The potential of rate, therefore it is very attractive.Full duplex can also solve to be based on wireless network (such as WiFi, bluetooth etc.)
Competitive environment in concealed nodes the problem of, i.e. competition under half-duplex situation can cause certain user's equipment that can not obtain always
It must service, to become the node " hidden ".
Full duplex is typically considered unpractical, this is because transmitter and its own will usually be caused simultaneously by receiving and dispatching
Receiver between strong self-interference, and reduce spectrum efficiency.Therefore, actual full duplex radio network is designed
Ultimate challenge is to remove the influence of strong self-interference, and enhances the detectability to desired signal.
Existing solution can be classified as two kinds：It is complete double based on simulation arrester (analog cancellator)
Work, and based on the full duplex being spatially separating.
For the first kind, Fig. 1 shows typical currently existing scheme (referring to Full-Duplex Wireless
Communications Using Off-The-Shelf Radios Feasibility and First Results, VTC,
2010).The major defect of the program is that, in each transmitter channel two transmitters of needs, one sends for normal,
Another is used for AF panel.This is incompatible with existing wireless system.In addition, in order to eliminate self-interference, based on interference
Having for the estimation of the response (h_z) of signal (x_1*h_ab) and elimination branch (cancellation brand) channel is special
Power and phase signal (c_1) needs be injected into eliminate branch in.In practice, determine that the phase and amplitude of c1 is tired
It is difficult, therefore h_ab is variation and due to the reflection of the building around antenna, h_ab will be difficult to track.Therefore, this kind of
Full duplex scheme lacks operability.
For the second class, Fig. 2 shows typical currently existing schemes (referring to Self-Interference
Suppression in Full-Duplex MIMO Relays, PIMRC2011).As shown, the system needs information source and letter
Place is different, therefore is typically used in the environment of relaying.In such systems, information source and the stay of two nights and it is not operate at full duplex
Pattern, and only relay and be operated in full duplex.Also, the reception antenna and transmission antenna of relaying have very strong directive property, point
Not Zhi Xiang information source and the stay of two nights, be achieved at the same transmitting-receiving.As it can be seen that this kind of full duplex system typically utilizes transmitter and its
Local receiver is spatially separating to realize that self-interference inhibits.But the application scenarios of this scheme are very restricted.
In common base station, can not transmission antenna and reception antenna be subjected to this separation, therefore be difficult to use this technology.
Invention content
It can be seen that up to now, having not been used in and realizing in conventional cellular network system (such as LTE or LTE-A)
Full duplex transmission, without the feasible program being modified to radio circuit.
In order to solve the problems in background technology, the present invention proposes new full duplex technical solution.The first aspect proposes
The new design of a kind of aerial array suitable for full-duplex communication, with lower cost.Outside the new aerial array
It sees similar with the conventional appearance of half-duplex aerial array.Difference is mainly in the following areas：1. detach and orthopole
Change sends and receives antenna element；2. constituting vertical subarray using identical polarized antenna element, realizes and press down for self-interference
The vertical beam of system shapes.
The second aspect, it is proposed that a kind of full duplex sends and receives scheme, to be further reduced the influence of self-interference simultaneously
And increase the performance of system.
New Antenna Design proposed by the present invention and full duplex send and receive scheme can together with use, can also divide
It does not use.
Specifically, according to the first aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of aerial array, which is characterized in that including：First
Subarray has multiple first antennas member；Second subarray has multiple second antenna elements；In the same time, first son
Another is for receiving signal for sending signal by one in array and second subarray, to carry out full-duplex communication,
Wherein, first subarray is detached with the second subarray, and the polarization direction of the first antenna member of first subarray
It is orthogonal with the polarization direction of the second antenna element of the second subarray.
Therefore, the provided aerial array of this aspect of the present invention is sent and is connect using the antenna of cross polarization respectively
It receives, there is very high isolation so that the transmission in full-duplex communication will not influence too much reception.Pass through new complete pair
Work antenna array design avoids the modification to transceiver circuit.It therefore, there is no need to special circuit, saved cost.And
Also complicated simulation self-interference need not be designed and eliminate circuit and signal.Inventor is to according to an embodiment of this aspect
Performance is emulated, simulation results show, and the minimum isolation observed between arbitrary port pair is 45dB, this is than two
The high 20dB of common isolation between the traditional antenna of co-polarization.
According to a preferred embodiment, in the aerial array, different transmitting-receiving units or receiver, or send
Machine is connected respectively to each first antenna member, and, different transmitting-receiving units or receiver or transmitter are connected respectively to each second
Antenna element.
In the prior art, all antenna elements are all connected to the same transmitting-receiving unit, so self-interference meeting suffered by each antenna
It is superimposed and gives the transmitting-receiving unit, thus self-interference can rise, and thus have requirements at the higher level to isolation.In this embodiment,
Each transmitting-receiving unit handles the signal of individual antenna member so that transceiver is only by suffered from dry on the single transceiver
The influence disturbed, so alleviating the insulated degree requirement for being sent to reception.Also, transceiver can individually control each antenna,
It may to make the beam forming of antenna be known as.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the transmitting-receiving unit or receiver or transmitter are respectively to each
The signal that one antenna element is received/sent is weighted control, with realize the first subarray transmission/reception vertical beam at
Shape；The signal that the transmitting-receiving unit or receiver or transmitter are received/sent to each second antenna element respectively is weighted
Control, to realize that the vertical beam of transmission/reception of the second subarray shapes.
Preferably, the vertical beam forming is for reducing to the Power leakage of adjacent antenna member, and inhibits the first submatrix
Self-interference between row and the second subarray.
In the preferred embodiment, since each antenna element is independent, each transceiver, which can be controlled digitally, (to be added
Power) each antenna element phase and gain form the vertical beam of subarray rank.It can be by selecting suitable vertical power
Vertical beam is adjusted again, to maximize the isolation sent and received between subarray, helps to reduce to its adjacent antenna
Power leakage, and inhibit self-interference.
According to a further preferred embodiment, first subarray and the second subarray are additionally configured to carry out
Horizontal beam shapes, and realizes the beam forming in three dimensions, to reduce the power leakage of adjacent antenna member, inhibits self-interference,
Improving user receives performance simultaneously.
In this embodiment, vertical beam and traditional horizontal beam can be designed together, thereby using 2 dimensions
Aerial array realizes 3D beam formings, and the folding between minimum self-interference and maximization uplink and downlink are handled up may be implemented
Inner feelings.
Be additional to or independently of it is above in a first aspect, the second aspect of the present invention provide it is a kind of for full-duplex communication
Communication means, which is characterized in that include the following steps：I. estimation sends downlink information to receiving caused by uplink information from dry
The self-interference channel disturbed；Ii. according to the estimated self-interference channel, estimate communication channel；Iii. according to estimated this from
Interference channel and the estimated communication channel, carry out corresponding uplink signal reception or downlink signal is sent.
In the second aspect, self-interference channel is estimated, opposite so as to obtain to estimate communication channel
Accurate communication channel, also, full-duplex communication is carried out according to estimated self-interference channel and communication channel, it can obtain
Relatively good performance.To being emulated according to the embodiment of the second aspect, simulation result is shown to be obtained inventor
30% throughput gain.
According to a preferred embodiment, the step i includes：A. downlink reference signal is sent, while measuring uplink
Receive signal, wherein contain self-interference caused by downlink reference signal in uplink receiving signal；B. the uplink receiving is based on to believe
Number and an estimation filter, estimate the self-interference channel, wherein the estimation filter is related to downlink reference signal.
In this embodiment, self-interference channel is estimated using downlink reference signal.
According to a further preferred embodiment, in the step b, the estimation filter includes single-ended filter
The estimated matrix of device, the filter is
Wherein, PDLIt is the vector of downlink reference signal,
The estimated self-interference channel is
Wherein, YULIt is the uplink receiving signal, it includes downlink reference signals.
Estimating the method for self-interference channel using single-ended (one-tap) filter this embodiment offers a kind of.By
In the signal that downlink reference signal is obtained through self-interference channel intensity than the uplink signal via uplink channel transmission intensity
It is much larger, it is possible to by uplink receiving signal it is approximately the downlink reference signal after interference channel, and since downlink is joined
It is known to examine signal, it is possible to simplifiedly solve self-interference channel using single-ended filter.It is appreciated that other are similar
Filter, such as MMSE filters can also be used.
It is estimation up channel according to a preferred embodiment, in the step ii, step ii includes：ii-1.
Uplink receiving reference signal is measured, the uplink receiving reference signal includes uplink reference signals, and including transmission simultaneously
Self-interference caused by downlink information；Ii-2. based on the known downlink information and the estimated self-interference channel, from uplink
It receives and removes self-interference caused by the downlink information in signal, obtain the reception uplink reference signals of removal interference；Ii-3 bases
In the reception uplink reference signals and another estimation filter of the removal interference, the up channel is estimated, wherein described
Another estimation filter is related to uplink reference signals.
This embodiment offers the technical solutions that estimation up channel carries out full duplex reception.Under sending simultaneously
Row information is that known, self-interference channel is to have estimated, so eNB can obtain full duplex and send the self-interference generated, and
The self-interference is removed from receiving in signal.And since the reception signal after removal self-interference should be equal to by upper after up channel
Row reference signal, and uplink reference signals are known to eNB, it is possible to easily estimate up channel.
In a more preferred embodiment, in the step ii-3, another described estimation filter includes single
The estimated matrix of end filter, the filter is
Wherein, PULIt is the vector of uplink reference signals,
The estimated up channel is
Wherein, Y (PUL) it is the reception uplink reference signals that removal is interfered.
Estimating the method for up channel using single-ended (one-tap) filter this embodiment offers a kind of, compares
It is easy.It is appreciated that other similar filters, such as MMSE filters can also be used.
According to a further preferred embodiment, this method further includes following steps：X. according in the step ii
Restored uplink information in the estimated up channel and the step iii adjusts estimated self-interference letter
Road；Y. according to the estimated self-interference channel after adjusting, carry out the step ii again estimate up channel with
And the step iii restores uplink information；The above step x and step y is repeated, until estimated self-interference channel,
Up channel and uplink information convergence.
When estimating self-interference channel in step i before, the influence of the uplink signal sent through up channel is had ignored.
In the embodiment, the estimation to self-interference channel is further corrected using the uplink signal and up channel recovered, is carried
The high accuracy of channel estimation, improves performance.
According to a preferred embodiment, also using the estimated up channel estimated by the step ii
Down channel；Alternatively, using the estimated up channel as estimated down channel in the step ii, in this base
On plinth, the accuracy of estimated down channel is improved using channel reciprocity calibration method.
This embodiment offers the technical solutions that estimation down channel carries out full duplex transmission.Since this method is to be used for
Full duplex system, so uplink/downlink channel has reciprocity：Two channels may be considered identical, or can pass through
Known channel reciprocity calibration method keeps down channel more accurate.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the step iii includes：Based on estimated down channel and institute
The self-interference channel of estimation determines the transmission scheme sent to downlink information；The downlink is sent using the transmission scheme to believe
Breath；Wherein, which meets following constraint：Keep the transmission power of transmission downlink information maximum, and makes transmission downlink information
It is minimum to receiving self-interference caused by uplink information.
In this embodiment, the influence for considering self-interference determines that a full duplex transmission scheme to send in full duplex
Performance balance is obtained between reception, to optimize full duplex transmitting-receiving.
According to an embodiment still more preferably, described sender case includes pre-coding matrix, the precoding
Matrix is WFD=GEV (HH DLHDL, HH RT, eNBHRT, eNB), wherein GEV () is to take the generalized characteristic value point of the maximum of two matrixes
Solution, HDLIt is estimated down channel, HRT, eNBThe estimated self-interference channel.
This embodiment offers the technical solutions that one more specifically sends full duplex progress precoding.Emulation knot
Fruit shows, is carried out for any optimization compared to not sent to full duplex, which can inhibit self-interference up to 18dB.
Various aspects of the invention will be more clear by the explanation of embodiment in detail below.
Description of the drawings
By reading a detailed description of non-restrictive embodiments in the light of the attached drawings below, of the invention other
Feature, objects and advantages will become more apparent：
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of existing full duplex system；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of existing another full duplex system；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of existing aerial array and aerial array according to embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 shows the relationship between the class of attenuation of two dipole antennas is isolated with cross polarization；
Fig. 5 a show the direction pattern of an antenna element；
Figure 5b shows that the direction patterns of vertical subarray according to one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 schematically illustrates full-duplex antenna array according to one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the screenshot capture of the simulation result of the isolation between the aerial array middle port 8 of Fig. 6 and port 9,13；
Fig. 8 is self-interference when being inhibited using self-interference according to the embodiment of the present invention and self-interference not being used to inhibit
The simulation result of power；
Fig. 9 is the simulation result of half-duplex operation and the handling capacity of full-duplex communication according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawings, run through different diagrams same or similar reference numeral indicate identical or corresponding component or
Feature.
Specific implementation mode
Full duplex active antenna array
The first aspect of the invention provides a kind of aerial array, which is characterized in that including：
- the first subarray has multiple first antennas member；
- the second subarray has multiple second antenna elements；
One in the same time, first subarray and second subarray is used to send signal, another
For receiving signal, to carry out full-duplex communication,
Wherein, first subarray is detached with the second subarray, and the first antenna member of first subarray
The polarization direction of second antenna element of polarization direction and second subarray is orthogonal.
Fig. 3 shows the aerial array (left side) of the prior art with transmitter, and according to the embodiment of the present invention
New full-duplex antenna Array Design (the right).The new array includes MxN (M=2, N=8) a active antenna (AA) member,
Form planar array.Each AA antenna elements include transmitter and receiver to (transceiver) and antenna element.The top submatrix of AA arrays
Row and lower part subarray are cross polarizations, and within the same frequency band while respectively can send/receive, such as in fact
Apply full-duplex communication.It is appreciated that the structure is only example, which can arrange in any way, such as hand over
Mistake, or even overlapping, as long as the antenna element of subarray is separated from each other.
New aerial array and the important difference for semiduplex traditional aerial array are：
1) send and receive antenna be separation and orthogonal (intersection) it is polarized
According to bibliography (Vogel, W.J., J.Goldhirsh, and Y.Hase, " Land-Mobile-
Satellite Fade Measurements in Australia, " AIAA Journal of Spacecraft and
Rockets, Vol.29, No.1, Jan-Feb, pp.123-128) in analysis, the isolation between orthogonal (intersection) poliarizing antenna
Degree is the other monotonic decreasing function of attenuation grade between two antennas, such as two cross-polarized dipole antennas in Fig. 4.Decaying
Rank is the monotonically increasing function of separating distance.Therefore, the isolation between antenna is for two cross polarizations close to placement
Antenna is high for (distance is less than 10 wavelength), and polarization difference is for the transmission to remote user (being more than 10 meters)
Effect can ignore.
In the new aerial array for full duplex on the right in figure 3, the top polarization of array is -45 degree, and under
Portion's polarization is+45 degree.In order to verify the isolation of this design, simulation model is established in HFSS, and carry out isolation survey
Amount.The minimum isolation observed between arbitrary port pair is 45dB, logical between this traditional antenna than two co-polarizations
The high 20dB of normal isolation.The result of emulation may refer to following description.It is appreciated that this pair of of polarisation angles is only
Example can use as long as other polarisation angles meet orthogonal property.
2) each antenna element is associated with RF transmitters and/or RF receivers
In traditional aerial array, antenna element is passive wherein as shown in left side in Fig. 3, and antenna element is connected to
The same transceiver.Unlike this, in one preferred embodiment, each antenna element in new design is connected to different nothings
Line transceiver.
Include the advantages of being used for full duplex transmission using this preferred design of the present invention：
(a) avoid by merge multiple reception antenna members signal caused by self-interference rising, and alleviate pair
In the insulated degree requirement for being sent to reception antenna.For example, each column of the array in the left sides Fig. 3 includes 8 reception antenna members.So
For this array, it is 10*log10 (8)=9dB that theoretic power, which merges gain, it means that in this traditional antenna
Array is used in the case of full duplex, if the antenna is received for full duplex, the self-interference that each antenna is subject to will
It is superimposed on TRX, the self-interference of the superposition will increase 9dB, this also just needs antenna to increase the isolation of additional 9dB, difficult
To meet.
(b) be allowed for inhibition self-interference sends and receives beam forming.This will be described below.
It should be noted that according to application scenario, in Fig. 3 in the embodiment on right side, connected wireless receipts in each antenna element
Hair machine can be replaced by single transmitter or receiver.It has an advantage that full duplex array hardware and tradition using TDD transceivers
Half-duplex array compatibility.In addition, will not be influenced again by the antenna gain reduction when switching to semiduplex mode.
3) Digital Ortho has been used to send and receive beam forming to inhibit self-interference
For any one polarization, every column of aerial array includes N/2 antenna element, and forms vertical subarray.
Since each antenna element is independent, the phase and gain of (weighting) each antenna element can be digitally controlled to form subarray
Vertical beam in level.Vertical beam can be adjusted by selecting suitable vertical weight, be sent and received with maximizing
Isolation between subarray.
With sm, rmThe signal being transmitted or received via the vertical subarray m including N/2 antenna element is indicated respectively.wm.n
The complex weight (phase and gain) on antenna element (m, n) is applied in expression.The vertical beam formed by transmission subarray m can
It is written asThe vertical beam formed by reception subarray m can be written asIt can lead to
Cross the suitable w of selectionM, nTo adjust the isolation between sending and receiving subarray.
For example, Fig. 5 a show the beam pattern of common dipole antenna elements, Figure 5b shows that day shown in Fig. 3
Linear array carries out directly vertical merged (wM, n=1) (element detaches=0.5 wave to the vertical beam figure of the vertical subarray after
It is long).Being able to observe that vertical beam figure after consolidation becomes very precipitous.More precipitous wave beam can contribute to adjacent to its
The power leakage of antenna, and inhibit self-interference.
In practice, vertical beam and traditional horizontal beam can be designed together, that is, use the 3D waves of 2 dimension aerial arrays
Beam shaping, so as to realize the compromise between minimum self-interference and maximization uplink and downlink are handled up.
Full duplex sends and receives scheme
Based on the above aerial array, or it is based on other any antennas or aerial array, the second aspect of the invention provides
A kind of communication means for full-duplex communication, includes the following steps：
I. estimation sends self-interference channel of the downlink information to self-interference caused by reception uplink information；
Ii. according to the estimated self-interference channel, estimate communication channel；
Iii. it according to estimated communication channel of the estimated self-interference channel, carries out corresponding uplink signal and connects
It receives or downlink signal is sent.
Communication channel and self-interference channel are defined first below.With HULIndicate uplink (full duplex reception) channel
(response), HDLIndicate downlink (full duplex transmission) channel (response).With HRTOr HRT, eNBIt indicates for being sent in full duplex
Antenna can be represented as to the self-interference channel (response) of the self-interference of reception antenna：
Wherein, M indicates that the quantity of transmission antenna member, N indicate the quantity of reception antenna member.
As long as self-interference will not be saturated uplink receiver, then H can be measured according to known reference signalULAnd HDL。
The saturation power level of receiver is determined by the maximal input level of the low-noise amplifier (LNA) positioned at the front end of receiver
It is fixed.In the case where there is the strong input signal higher than the level, LNA provides stopping to gain, and actually to signal
Inject non-linear distortion.In general, depending on sensitivity requirement, the saturation power level of typical LNA is from -10dBm to -30dBm.
When input signal is higher than LNA saturation power levels, some systems can bypass LNA.This allow that input signal until+
4dBm, but cost is low receiver sensitivity.
It is assumed that LNA has the saturation power of typical -10dBm horizontal, then in conjunction with the new aerial array by the present invention
The isolation of the 45dBm provided is designed, permitted maximum transmission power is 35dBm.The level is higher than the nothing of most of commercial
The rated power of line node.Therefore, new Antenna Design of the invention ensure that it is any send and receive between antenna pair every
It is enough to avoid the saturation of receiver from degree, so as to all channel state informations are measured according to known reference signal, and
Scheme can be sent and received using following numbers.
First, in step i, base station eNB should estimate to send downlink information to receiving self-interference caused by uplink information
Self-interference (or loopback (loop back) interference) channel.
In one preferred embodiment, downlink reference signal P will be based onDL=diag (pDL) come estimate self-interference believe
Road, wherein pDLIt is downlink reference signal vector.It is appreciated that since reference signal is PDLWhat base station eNB was sent, therefore base station
ENB should be recognized that reference signal PDLValue.
More specifically, in step a, base station eNB sends downlink reference signal PDL, while measuring uplink receiving signal
YUL, wherein uplink receiving signal YULIn contain self-interference caused by downlink reference signal.
Using channel model defined above to uplink receiving signal YULIt is modeled, should be obtained
YUL=HRT·PDL+HUL·sUL+nUL (2)
Wherein, sULIt is the uplink information sent, including upstream data information or uplink reference signals etc..nULIt is uplink letter
Noise in road.
In stepb, it is based on uplink receiving signal YULAnd estimation filter, estimate self-interference channel, wherein the estimation
Filter is related to downlink reference signal.
More specifically, using an estimation filter FRT, it can be traditional single tap filter (one-tap
Filter), such as：
Observe the equation, it is contemplated that following fact, i.e. local transmitter are than remote subscriber transmitter closer to receiver.
Self-interference channel power | | HRT, eNB| | noise power will be added far above the desired uplink signal filtered out | | (HULsUL+nUL)
FRT||.Therefore, YULWith FRTThe obtained value that is multiplied can approximatively be used as HRT, eNBEstimated valueThat is, it is estimated from
Interference channel can be equal to
Wherein, YULAnd FRTAll it has been shown that so eNB can calculate estimated self-interference channel
And it is possible to further obtain estimated self-interference channelWith accurate self-interference channel HRT, eNBIt
Between relationship：
The equation (4) will be used when being adjusted to estimated self-interference channel, will be described below.
In the estimation for obtaining self-interference channelLater, in the step ii, estimate up channel HUL。
According to a preferred embodiment, base station eNB is to estimate up channel H according to uplink reference signalsUL。
Specifically, in step ii-1, base station eNB measures uplink receiving reference signal YUL, uplink receiving reference signal
YULIncluding uplink reference signals PUL, and the downlink information x including sending simultaneouslyDLCaused by self-interference.Wherein, downlink information
xDLIt can be downlink reference signal, can also be any downlink data signal.More specifically, the uplink after channel model connects
Receive reference signal YULIt is following expressed
YUL=HRT·xDL+HUL·PUL+nUL (5)
It usesAs HRTEstimation, and xDLIt is known.So, base station eNB is based on the known downlink information
xDLWith the estimated self-interference channelFrom uplink receiving signal YULCaused by the middle removal downlink information certainly
InterferenceObtain the reception uplink reference signals Y (P of removal interferenceUL)
Wherein, noise nULIt is negligible.
For theoretically, Y (PUL) uplink reference signals namely after up channel, i.e. HUL·PUL.Based on this,
In step ii-3, reception uplink reference signals Y (P of the base station eNB based on the removal interferenceUL) and another estimation filtering
Device estimates the up channel HUL, wherein another estimation filter is related to uplink reference signals.
In one example, using a single-ended filter
It is appreciated that due to PULIt is uplink reference signals, base station eNB should be able to also know that the uplink refers in advance
Signal.
So up channel HULEstimationIt should be calculated by following equation：
So far, estimated up channel can be obtained
Full duplex uplink receiving
Obtaining estimated up channelAfterwards, so that it may to carry out the uplink receiving of full duplex.
If user equipment sends uplink information sUL, in step iii-1, base station eNB measures uplink receiving information signal
YUL, the uplink receiving signal YULIncluding uplink information signal sUL, and the downlink information x including sending simultaneouslyDLCaused by from
Interference.After channel model, uplink receiving signal Y that base station eNB is receivedULIt is following expressed
YUL=HRT·xDL+HUL·sUL+nUL (8)
In step iii-2, base station eNB is based on the known downlink information and estimated self-interference channel, from uplink
Self-interference caused by removal downlink information in signal is received, the reception uplink information signal of removal interference is obtained.More specifically,
Use what is obtainedAs HRTEstimation, and xDLIt is known.From YULMiddle removal downlink information xDLCaused by from dry
It disturbsObtain the reception uplink information signal Y (s of removal interferenceUL)。
Wherein, noise is negligible.
For theoretically, Y (PUL) uplink information signal namely after up channel, i.e. HUL·sUL。
Finally, in step iii-3, use what is obtainedAs HULEstimation.It can solveAs
sULEstimation.
More specifically,As expressed by following equation
Thus much, full duplex uplink receiving is achieved.
Before this, it when describing equation (3), (4), once referred to when estimating self-interference channel, and was to have ignored power
The influence of smaller uplink signal.And at this moment, since in up channelAnd uplink informationIn equation (7) and wait
Formula estimated in (10), then, the present invention more preferably proposes, uses estimated up channel and uplink letter
Breath, is further adjusted estimated self-interference channel, keeps it more accurate.
Specifically, in step x, the estimated self-interference channel of base station eNB adjustmentAccording to equation
(4), the self-interference channel after transformation can be adjustedFor
Self-interference channel after being adjustedAfterwards, base station eNB can use the self-interference channel after the adjustmentAbove step ii and step iii is carried out again, obtains more accurate up channelAnd uplink informationSo
Afterwards, base station eNB can use the more accurate up channel of newest acquisitionAnd uplink informationSelf-interference is adjusted again
Channel, and the process is repeated, until estimated self-interference channel, up channel and uplink information convergence.
Full duplex downlink is sent
Obtaining estimated up channelAfterwards, since full duplex is while the duplex communication of same frequency, so being based on
The reciprocity of upper lower channel can obtain the estimation of down channel
Specifically, in one case, in step ii, base station eNB is with estimated up channelAs estimated
Down channel
In another case, first, base station eNB is using estimated up channel as estimated down channel, and
On this basis, base station eNB further uses channel reciprocity calibration method to improve the accuracy of estimated down channel.
Channel reciprocity calibration is a kind of technological means well known to one of ordinary skill in the art, and details are not described herein by the present invention.
Then, in step iii, base station eNB is determined based on estimated down channel and estimated self-interference channel
The transmission scheme that downlink information is sent.The transmission scheme meet constraint be：Make the transmission power of transmission downlink information
Maximum, and keep transmission downlink information minimum to receiving self-interference caused by uplink information.
Then, base station eNB sends the downlink information using the transmission scheme.
In a specific embodiment, which is a pre-coding matrix WFD。
Then full duplex is sent, sending signal (downlink) is：
YDL=HDLWFDsDL+nDL (12)
Wherein, sDLIt is downlink user signal, nDLIt is downlink noise, and WFDIt is full duplex pre-coding matrix according to the present invention.
Therefore, the uplink receiving signal received in reception antenna is：
YUL=HULsUL+HRT, eNBWFDsDL+nUL, (13)
In present embodiment, W is obtained to maximize downlink transmission power and minimize the standard of self-interference powerFD,
This can be expressed as optimization problem：
Meet the W of above-mentioned standardFDMaximise signal and self-interference ratio (SSIR).
The Solve problems are typical generalized Characteristic Problems.The solution of the problem is as follows：
WFD=GEV (HH DLHDL, HH RT, eNBHRT,eNB) (15)
Simulating, verifying
1) isolation between antennas
Aerial array pattern is established in design according to fig. 3 in HFSS, and assesses the day between every antenna element pair
Line isolation.
As shown in fig. 6, aerial array is divided into the subarray of two cross polarizations.Antenna port 1 to 8 is with+45 degree
Direction polarization, antenna port 9 to 16 is with the direction polarization of -45 degree.The latitude of antenna is (x*y*z)：1100mm*240mm*
20mm, this slightly smaller than conventional 8x2LTE TDD array (1400mm*320mm*100mm).The array is arranged in 2.4-
2.5GHz frequency ranges operate.
Assessment result is as follows：
Cross polarization port
Adjacent port：
S (8,9) ＜ -45dB S (4,9) ＜ -47dB
S (4,13) ＜ -53dB S (8,13) ＜ -58dB
At a distance of 1 port：
S (4,10) ＜ -54dB S (4,14) ＜ -55dB
S (8,10) ＜ -50dB S (8,14) ＜ -58dB
S (9,3) ＜ -54dB S (9,7) ＜ -56dB
S (13,3) ＜ -56dB S (13,7) ＜ -62dB
Co-polarization port
Adjacent port：
S (4,3) ＜ -26dB S (4,8) ＜ -25dB
Note that S (a, b) indicates the S parameter between port a and b.
Fig. 7 shows illustrative separation assessment diagram.According to Fig. 7's as a result, in this array, cross-polarized
Minimum isolation between antennas between arbitrary antenna element pair is 45dB, and the isolation between this than two co-polarization adjacent antennas is high
20dB。
2) full duplex sends and receives scheme
In order to verify the performance that full duplex sends and receives scheme, it is provided with full duplex emulator.Match as shown in the following table
Set parameters：
Three scenes are emulated：1) half-duplex scene；2) full duplex scene (such as the W not transmittedFD=1)；With
And 3) (such as calculate W using equation 15 using the full duplex scene of new transmission planFD).It is assumed that in scene 2 and 3, lead to
It crosses and provides main isolation 45dB using the new aerial array of the present invention, so that receiver will not be saturated.
First, the inhibition that verification is provided by the full duplex transmission scheme of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8.
As seen from Figure 8, full duplex transmission scheme (TX inhibition) that can be through the invention come realize about 18dB from dry
Disturb inhibition.It should be noted that this rejection ability is almost independently of upstream or downstream channel quality.This rejection ability master
It to be determined by the accuracy estimated self-channel, this is independently of upstream or downstream channel quality.It can influence this inhibition energy
Power realizes that additional self-interference inhibits, and increases the full duplex quality of reception.
Then, full duplex transmission will assess the influence handled up.It is (unidirectional wherein different from half-duplex system
Handle up be used as evaluation criteria), uplink and downlink will be used together herein and handled up, i.e., two-way handle up is marked as assessment
It is accurate.
As shown in figure 9, relative to half-duplex operation, full duplex can bring about 30% throughput gain.Although its energy
Significant self-interference is enough provided to inhibit, however as cost, use the W calculated according to equation 15FDDigital self-interference inhibit will
Cause decline of handling up, this is especially apparent when channel SNR is relatively low.The reason is that, for multiaerial system, entire Spatial Dimension
Degree of freedom is determined by antenna configuration and channel, therefore is fixed for given scene.The operation that self-interference inhibits needs original
This is used for the spatial degrees of freedom of downlink data transmission, therefore results in downlink and handle up decline.
Conclusion
Embodiments of the present invention propose the new full duplex scheme with following designing points：
1. a kind of new antenna array design for sending and receiving antenna element with cross polarization and vertical separation.
2. it is a kind of it is new send and receive scheme, based on new aerial array and uplink/downlink/fed-back channel status letter
Breath measures and has the function of that sending self-interference inhibits and eliminated received from AF panel.
According to emulation provided by the present invention, new design can realize the isolation of 45dB, this is wireless for routine
The full duplex transmission of node it is enough, and relative to half-duplex operation, full duplex can bring about 30% increasing of handling up
Benefit.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment is only exemplary rather than limitation of the present invention.It is according to the present invention complete
Duplex transmission and reception scheme are not rely on aerial array according to the present invention and exist, and can be adapted for estimating any
Self-interference channel, up channel in full duplex system and down channel, and realize that the full duplex receives and dispatches scheme in turn.
Any technical solution without departing substantially from spirit of that invention should all be fallen under the scope of the present invention, this includes using
The different technologies feature occurred in different embodiments, installation method can be combined, to obtain advantageous effect.In addition, not
Any reference numeral in claim should be considered as and be limited the claims involved；One word of " comprising " is not excluded for other rights
It is required that or device unlisted in specification or step.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of aerial array, which is characterized in that including：
- the first subarray has multiple first antennas member；
- the second subarray has multiple second antenna elements；
One in the same time, first subarray and second subarray is used to send signal, another is used for
Signal is received, to carry out full-duplex communication,
Wherein, first subarray is detached with the second subarray, and the polarization of the first antenna member of first subarray
The polarization direction of second antenna element of direction and second subarray is orthogonal, and wherein
Different transceiver groups is connected respectively to each first antenna member, and,
Different transceiver groups is connected respectively to each second antenna element.
2. aerial array according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the transceiver group is respectively to each first antenna member institute
The signal of reception/transmission is weighted control, to realize that the vertical beam of transmission/reception of the first subarray shapes；
The signal that the transceiver group is received/sent to each second antenna element respectively is weighted control, to realize the second son
The vertical beam of transmission/reception of array shapes.
3. aerial array according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the vertical beam forming is for reducing to adjacent day
The Power leakage of line element, and inhibit the self-interference between the first subarray and the second subarray.
4. aerial array according to claim 2, which is characterized in that first subarray and the second subarray also by with
It is set to and carries out horizontal beam forming, realize the beam forming in three dimensions, to reduce the power leakage of adjacent antenna member, inhibit
Self-interference, while improving user and receiving performance.
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