CN104052290A - Switching Power Converter With Secondary To Primary Messaging - Google Patents
Switching Power Converter With Secondary To Primary Messaging Download PDFInfo
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- CN104052290A CN104052290A CN201410090425.6A CN201410090425A CN104052290A CN 104052290 A CN104052290 A CN 104052290A CN 201410090425 A CN201410090425 A CN 201410090425A CN 104052290 A CN104052290 A CN 104052290A
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Abstract
Each embodiment of the invention generally relates to a switching power converter with secondary to primary messaging. Specifically, a primary-only power supply enables transmission of a signal or message from the secondary side of an isolated power supply to the primary side. To enable robust detection of the message without interfering with primary side sensing for output regulation, a configurable impedance current path is configured between the primary winding and ground. The primary side controller controls the configurable impedance current path to have a relatively low impedance during the normal mode and a relatively high impedance during the messaging mode.
Description
the cross reference of related application
The 61/780th of being entitled as of the people such as that the application requires is that submit on March 13rd, 2013, Jianming Yao " Switching Power Converter Secondary to Primary Messaging ", the 14/043rd of being entitled as of the people such as No. 231 U.S. Provisional Applications and, Jianming Yao that submit on October 1st, 2013 " Switching Power Converter with Secondary to Primary Messaging ", the rights and interests of No. 593 U.S.'s applications for a patent for invention, the content of above-mentioned application is incorporated into this by reference.
Technical field
Disclosed embodiment relates to power supply, and relates more particularly to from the primary side of insulating power supply to primary side message transfer.
Background technology
In conventional isolating switch power (such as flyback power converter), be positioned at on-off controller in the primary side of power supply by the ON time based on one or more feedback signal control switchs and be adjusted to the power of load opening time, one or more feedback signals represent power output, output voltage and/or output current.Some insulating power supplies use secondary to the next primary side from power supply of primary circuit (conventionally adopting optical isolator device) to primary side controller reception and registration feedback signal.Other insulating power supply adopts pure elementary adjusting (primary-only regulation), and power-supply controller of electric only depends on primary side sensing and obtains the feedback signal for keeping output to regulate.The advantage that only uses primary side sensing is that power supply can not operate in the case of such as the isolating device optical isolator, and isolating device has significantly increased cost, the size and sophistication of power supply.
Summary of the invention
A kind of switching power converter comprises secondary to elementary message transfer capability.Transformer is by the primary side isolation of the primary side of switching power converter and switching power converter.Transformer comprises the armature winding of the input of being coupled to switching power converter and is coupled to the secondary winding of the output of switching power converter.The first primary side switch is coupled to the armature winding of transformer.The first primary side switch is based on the switch of the first primary side switch is controlled to the electric current by armature winding.The sensing of primary side controller based on primary side controlled the switch of the first primary side switch with the output of by-pass cock power inverter, and selects between normal mode and message transfer mode.The primary side controller in addition primary side sensing of the electric current based on by armature winding detects the digital massage generating in primary side during message transfer mode.
In one embodiment, primary side controller is also controlled at the configurable impedance current path between armature winding and ground.Especially, the configurable impedance current path of primary side controller control, to have the first impedance during normal mode and have the second impedance during message transfer mode, wherein the second impedance is higher than the first impedance.
The feature and advantage of describing in specification are not A-Z, and particularly, consider accompanying drawing, specification and claim, and many additional feature and advantage will be apparent for those of ordinary skill in the art.And, it should be noted that the language using in specification is mainly selected for readable and guiding object, and selected to delimit or restriction subject matter of an invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram that illustrates the embodiment with the secondary switching power converter to elementary message transfer capability.
Fig. 2 illustrates to be similar to the circuit diagram of the circuit with the secondary Switching Power Supply to elementary message transfer capability in the time that it operates with normal mode.
Fig. 3 illustrates to be similar to the circuit diagram of the circuit with the secondary Switching Power Supply to elementary message transfer capability in the time that it operates with message transfer mode.
Fig. 4 has described the example waveform generating by having the secondary Switching Power Supply to elementary message transfer capability.
Fig. 5 has described to illustrate the sequential chart of the exemplary operations with the secondary Switching Power Supply to elementary message transfer capability.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram that illustrates the alternative embodiment with the secondary switching power converter to elementary message transfer capability.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing is only relevant to the preferred embodiments of the present invention by the mode of explanation with following description.It should be noted that according to following discussion, the alternative embodiment of structure disclosed herein and method is by be easily considered to can be in adopted feasible substitute mode not deviating from the principle of claimed invention.
With detailed reference to some embodiment of the present invention, its example is illustrated in accompanying drawing now.Notice, as long as feasible, similar or identical Reference numeral can be in accompanying drawing and can indicate similar or identical function.Accompanying drawing has only been described embodiments of the invention for purposes of illustration.Those skilled in the art will easily recognize according to following description, and the alternative embodiment of illustrated structure and method can be used in the case of not deviating from the principle of invention described herein herein.
Pure primary source makes it possible in the situation that not using optical coupler or similar device from primary side to primary side signal transmission or message.For example, in one embodiment, message is sent to primary side from primary side and changes secondary condition (such as limited dynamic load variations, overpressure condition or the undervoltage condition of the output at switching power converter) with notice primary side controller.In another embodiment, the electronic device that is coupled to the primary side of power supply can pass and send a message to primary side controller, the operating condition (level being set such as voltage) of this message indicative of desired and/or the fault condition (such as excess temperature condition) detecting.Then primary side controller can change rapidly in response to actual conditions switch.For example, in the time that the detector in primary side detects that load has been disconnected, message can be sent to primary side from primary side.Then primary side controller can be reduced to switch periods low-down frequency, to output voltage is remained on to the level being conditioned the in the situation that of minimum power consumption.Message can also be worked as load and be reconnected to when switching power converter and output voltage start to decline and be communicated.Use separately feedback regulation, before primary side controller detects the variation of output voltage and it is made a response by owing to observing a large amount of delays the relatively long period between switch periods.But, use secondaryly to make primary side controller to detect rapidly and to respond to elementary message, therefore improve for the dynamic response that changes primary side condition.
Via the primary side sensing of the electric current by armature winding in primary side detect-message.Regulate for output in order to make it possible to robust detection message in the situation that not disturbing primary side sensing, configurable impedance current path is configured between armature winding and ground.The configurable impedance current path of primary side controller control to have relatively low impedance during routine operation, and has relatively high impedance in the time passing on message during message transfer mode.
Fig. 1 illustrates for example to provide power to load 102(, electronic device) switching power converter 100(for example, primary side flyback switching power inverter) the circuit diagram of embodiment.Input voltage VIN (typically being the AC voltage of rectification) is imported into power inverter 100.Primary side controller 110 uses has ON time (T
oN) and opening time (T
oFF) driving signal come conducting state and the off-state of power ratio control switch S 1, with the output current Iout of the output voltage V out that keeps regulating or adjusting or both.For example, in the time that power switch S1 is switched on (closing) during its ON time, energy storage is in the armature winding Np of transformer T1.During the ON time of S1, be reverse biased for negative and diode D1 across the voltage of the secondary winding Ns of transformer T1, thereby stop energy to be sent to load 102.In this state, energy is provided to load 102 via capacitor C1.In the time that power switch S1 is turned off (opening), the energy being stored in armature winding Np104 is released to secondary winding Ns.Diode D1 becomes forward bias, makes it possible to the energy being stored in transformer T1 be sent to load 102 and capacitor C1 is recharged.
Primary side controller 110 can, with driving signal 112 to carry out the switch of control switch S1, drive signal 112 embodiment as pulse width modulation (PWM) control or pulse frequency modulated (PFM) control.For the output that realizes expectation regulates, the primary side sensing of primary side controller 110 based on feedback signal Vsense114 and Isense116 carried out control switch, wherein Vsense114 represents the voltage being reflected across the auxiliary winding Na of transformer T1, and Isense116 represents the primary side electric current by armature winding Np.Use known primary side sensing technology, controller 110 can the measurement result based on Vsense114 and Isense116 be similar to output voltage V out and output current Iout, thereby makes controller 110 can keep the output voltage or the electric current that regulate.
In one embodiment, Vsense114 is by comprising that the resistor R1 of the auxiliary winding Na that is coupled to transformer T1, the voltage divider of resistor R2 generate.In alternative embodiment (not shown), Vsense114 can directly draw (for example, using the bleeder circuit across armature winding Np) from armature winding Np.
And in one embodiment, Isense116 is measured as the voltage across sense resistor Rs in the time that switch S 2 is switched on (closing).In one embodiment, sense resistor Rs has Low ESR with respect to detecting resistor Rd.For example, in one embodiment, sense resistor Rs has the impedance of the order of magnitude of 1 to 10 ohm, has relatively high impedance (for example, the order of magnitude of 1000 ohm) and detect resistor Rd.Therefore,, in the time of switch S 2 conducting, provide by the good approximation of the electric current of armature winding Np by the electric current of Rs.
The message that secondary side controller 120 generates for being communicated to primary side controller 110.This message can coding secondary side controller 120 sensings various primary side characteristics.For example, secondary side controller 120 can sensing output voltage V out(for example, via voltage divider R4, R5) and coding and dynamic load variations are (for example, in the time that electronic device reconnects to switching power converter), overpressure condition (for example, in the time that Vout exceeds overvoltage threshold) or the relevant information of undervoltage condition (for example,, below Vout drops to under-voltage threshold value time).In another embodiment, message can coding load 102 information that oneself generate, for example identify the information of the electronic device being connected as load 102, or identify the information of the operator scheme (for example, low-power mode) of the electronic device being connected as load 102.
For generating messages, the switch of encoder/drive circuit 122 control switch S3, to arrive secondary winding Ns according to the pattern of the potential pulse of presentation code message by Vout coupling or decoupling zero.In one embodiment, resistor R3 and switch S 3 series coupled, to prevent that output voltage V out is to the short circuit of secondary winding Ns when switch S 3 conducting.As below by the massage pattern being explained in more detail during, it is upper and can in primary side, be detected that this pulse is reflected to armature winding Np.
In one embodiment, controller 110 switches between normal mode and message transfer mode by the state of control switch S2.During the normal mode of controller 110, switch S 2 is switched on (closing).Under this state, sense resistor Rs and detect resistor Rd be connected in parallel and provide from armature winding Np to ground the current path of (GND).Fig. 2 illustrates the approximate circuit that (during normal mode) Switching Power Supply 100 in the time that switch S 2 is placed in conducting state is provided.Here, switch S 2 is modeled as short circuit (because switch is conducting), and detection resistor Rd is modeled as open circuit because its impedance is much higher than the impedance of sense resistor Rs.Therefore, as mentioned above, the parallel combination of Rs and Rd is similar to by Rs.In Fig. 2, also omitted secondary controller 120 because in this pattern generating messages (, switch S 3 remains open) not.As what can observe from the circuit of Fig. 2, during the normal mode when when switch S 2 conducting, Switching Power Supply 100 and similarly (or the in the same manner) operation of flyback power converter.
In order to realize message transfer mode, controller 110 stopcock S2.Typically, only during the opening time of power switch S1, realize message transfer mode.The approximate circuit providing when switch S 1 and S2 (during massage pattern) Switching Power Supply 100 during in off-state is provided Fig. 3.Here, switch S 2 and sense resistor Rs because switch S 2 be disconnect and be modeled as open circuit.And, switch S 1 because switch S 1 be disconnect and be modeled as the parasitic capacitance that capacitor CS1(represents switch S 1).Therefore, armature winding Np is coupled to ground via capacitor parasitics CS1 and detection resistor Rd.
When during message transfer mode on secondary winding Ns when formation voltage peak value (voltagespike), it is upper and can be detected as the voltage across detecting resistor Rd by controller 110 via detection signal 118 that voltage peak is reflected in armature winding Np.Controller 110 then can decode this message and correspondingly adjust operation.
As observed from Fig. 1-Fig. 3, switch S 2, sense resistor Rs and detect resistor Rd jointly formed by primary side controller 110 control, configurable impedance current path from armature winding to ground.Especially, in the time that switch S 2 is switched in the normal operation period, from armature winding to ground, have relatively low impedance path, and its resistance by sense resistor Rs is approximate.The particular value of Rs is selected to guarantee the accurate detection of Isense116, estimates during normal mode by the electric current of armature winding Np with the object regulating for output.In the time that switch S 2 is disconnected during message transfer mode, from armature winding to ground, have relatively high impedance path, and it is approximate by the resistance that detects resistor Rd.With respect to the voltage that only uses sense resistor Rs to produce, this has amplified the voltage producing at test point 118 during message transfer mode effectively.The impedance that increases this current path during message transfer mode is of value to be increased the signal to noise ratio of message and guarantees that message can accurately be detected at test point 118.
Fig. 4 illustrates the exemplary operations waveform of Switching Power Supply 100 during message transfer mode.For exemplary purposes, the waveform relevant to power supply 100 of describing provides the output of approximate+5VDC, although embodiment is not limited to any specific voltage levvl.Message-driven signal 402 comprises a series of pulses of controlling secondary side switch S3.Each ON/OFF pulse in message-driven signal 402 causes the voltage peak across secondary winding Ns as shown in signal 404, and signal 404 is because inductance and the stray capacitance of transformer T1 are vibrated and decay.For example, in one embodiment, in response to each pulse of message-driven signal 402, generate the voltage peak of the 10V peak-to-peak value (peak-to-peak) in signal 404 across secondary winding Ns.Voltage 404 across secondary winding Ns reflected across armature winding Np, and generates the voltage being reflected 406 across resistor Rd, and it can be detected as detection signal 118 by primary side controller 110.In one embodiment, the voltage 406 being reflected is signals of approximate 500mV peak-to-peak value, and it provides high s/n ratio and causes reliable signal.By contrast, the conventional primary side framework (for example, the circuit in the configuration of Fig. 2) that uses typical sense resistor Rs will produce across sense resistor Rs, the voltage being reflected of about 10mV peak-to-peak value only.Therefore, the configurable impedance current path of Fig. 1 has amplified valuably message with respect to conventional framework and has realized more reliably and having detected.
Fig. 5 illustrates the sequential chart of switch S 1 and the ON time of switch S 2 and the control of opening time in one embodiment.As mentioned above, the turn-on cycle of switch S 1 and break period are controlled by controller 110, to keep the adjusting of output voltage V out or output current Iout.Switch S 2 is controlled in conducting state and no matter when switch S 1 is in conducting state, to provide by current-sense resistor Rs to the low impedance path of the primary current on ground and realize the reliable sensing of primary side electric current.During the opening time of switch S 1, primary side controller 110 control switch S2 in conducting state to cause normal manipulation mode, and control switch S2 in off-state to cause message transfer mode.In one embodiment, in the time being transitioned into message transfer mode from normal mode, after switch S 1 is turn-offed, before switch S 2 turn-offs, execute the buffer zone period (guard band period).Similarly, in the time being transitioned into normal mode from message transfer mode, before switch S 1 is connected, after switch S 2 is switched on, execute the buffer zone period.The buffer zone period guarantees no matter when switch S 1 is switched on, and switch S 2 is all complete conducting, to make the switch of S2 not disturb the primary side sensing of Isense116 and Vsense114.In one embodiment, when secondary controller 120 can be turned off by sense switch S2, initiates the secondary elementary message transmission signal that arrives to determine when intelligently.Further, in one embodiment, controller 110 not necessarily must be placed in message transfer mode by Switching Power Supply 100 during each disconnection period of switch S 1, and may do like this with the interval changing on the contrary.
Fig. 6 illustrates the alternative embodiment with the secondary Switching Power Supply 600 to elementary message transfer capability.This embodiment is similar to the embodiment of Fig. 1, but has omitted switch S 2 and detected resistor Rd.On the contrary, controller 610 carrys out detect-message by sensing at the voltage 618 of the joint of the drain electrode of armature winding Np and power switch S1.Suppose inverse excitation type converter with the example of Fig. 4 discussed above in the similar parameter operation of parameter, the amplitude of signal 618 is generally high voltage signal (for example, the magnitude of 110V peak-to-peak value) and therefore has sane signal to noise ratio.In order to make controller 610 can detect the signal in this high voltage range, high-voltage test circuit can be in this embodiment.
In another embodiment again, controller 610 can be via Isense signal 116 detect-message.Although this signal will have relatively low peak-to-peak value voltage due to the low resistance of Rs, it still can be enough to detect-message exactly in some cases.
After reading present disclosure, those skilled in the art are also useful on the other replaceable design with the secondary power supply transmitting to elementary message by understanding.Therefore, although illustrated and described specific embodiment of the present invention and application, but will be appreciated that, the invention is not restricted to accurate structure disclosed herein and part, and can aspect the layout of method and apparatus of the present invention disclosed herein, operation and details, carry out to those skilled in the art apparent various amendments, change and variation not being deviated to scope of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. a switching power converter, comprising:
Transformer, by the primary side isolation of the primary side of described switching power converter and described switching power converter, described transformer comprises the armature winding of the input of being coupled to described switching power converter and is coupled to the secondary winding of the output of described switching power converter;
The first primary side switch, is coupled to the described armature winding of described transformer, and described the first primary side switch is controlled the electric current by described armature winding for the switch based on described the first primary side switch;
Primary side controller, the switch of controlling described the first primary side switch for the sensing based on primary side is to regulate the described output of described switching power converter, and for selecting between normal mode and message transfer mode, described primary side controller detects for the primary side sensing of the electric current based on by described armature winding the digital massage generating in described primary side during described message transfer mode.
2. switching power converter according to claim 1, also comprises:
Configurable impedance current path, between described armature winding and ground, configurable impedance current path described in the control of described primary side controller, to have the first impedance during described normal mode and have the second impedance during described message transfer mode, described the second impedance is higher than described the first impedance.
3. switching power converter according to claim 2, wherein said configurable impedance current path comprises:
The second primary side switch, controlled by described primary side controller, described the second primary side switch is for switching at the first state during described normal mode with between the second state during described message transfer mode, described the first state is used for making described configurable impedance current path to have described the first impedance, and described the second state is used for making described configurable impedance current path to have described the second impedance.
4. switching power converter according to claim 3, wherein said configurable impedance current path also comprises:
Sense resistor, connects with described the second primary side switch, and described sense resistor provides the first current path from described armature winding to ground in the time that described the second primary side switch is connected;
Detect resistor, in parallel with the tandem compound of described the second primary side switch and described sense resistor, described detection resistor provides the second current path from described armature winding to ground in the time that described the second primary side switch is turn-offed.
5. switching power converter according to claim 1, also comprises:
Secondary side controller, in the described primary side of described switching power converter, described secondary side controller be configured to cause during the described message transfer mode of described switching power converter represent described digital massage, across the series of voltage peak value of the described secondary winding of described switching power converter, described series of voltage peak value is reflected on described armature winding;
Wherein said primary side controller detects the described series of voltage peak value being reflected on described armature winding.
6. switching power converter according to claim 5, also comprises:
Secondary side switch, is coupled to the described secondary winding of described transformer, and wherein said secondary side switch generates the voltage peak across the described secondary winding of described transformer in the time that described secondary side switch is disconnected by pulse conducting and pulse.
7. switching power converter according to claim 6,
Wherein said secondary side controller is via the switch of secondary side switch described in the control of primary side control signal, so that output voltage coupling or the decoupling zero of described switching power converter are arrived to described secondary winding.
8. switching power converter according to claim 1, wherein during described normal mode, described primary side controller detects the current sensing signal representing by the electric current of described primary side winding, and switch based on the first primary side switch described in described current sensing signal control.
9. switching power converter according to claim 1, the switch of the second primary side switch described in the control of wherein said primary side controller, with when described the first primary side switch conducting with described normal mode operation and during at least a portion of described opening time of described the first primary side switch with described message transfer mode operation.
10. switching power converter according to claim 9, wherein said primary side controller control switch turn-offs described the second primary side switch to enter described message transfer mode after following the first buffer zone period of turn-offing described the first primary side switch closely, and connects described the second primary side switch to enter described normal mode before the second buffer zone period of described primary side controller before connecting described the first primary side switch.
11. switching power converters according to claim 1, wherein said digital massage comprises at least one in the following: the information of mark transition loading condition, be identified at described load place undervoltage condition information and be identified at the information of the overpressure condition of described load place.
12. 1 kinds of methods for control switch power inverter, described switching power converter comprises the transformer that has the armature winding of the input of being coupled to described switching power converter and be coupled to the secondary winding of the output of described switching power converter, and be coupled to the first primary side switch of the described armature winding of described transformer, described transformer is by the electricity of the primary side corresponding to the described secondary winding isolation of the primary side corresponding to described armature winding of described switching power converter and described switching power converter, described the first primary side switch is by the control of primary side switch controller, described method comprises:
The primary side feedback signal generating in the described primary side of described switching power converter by described primary side switch controller sensing;
Based on described primary side feedback signal, by the switch of the first primary side switch described in the control of described primary side switch controller;
Operating described primary side switch controller with normal mode and operating between described primary side switch controller and select with message transfer mode; And
Detect and be reflected in the digital massage described armature winding from described secondary winding during described message transfer mode, described digital massage is detected via the primary side sensing of the electric current by described armature winding.
13. methods according to claim 12, also comprise:
Be controlled at the configurable impedance current path between described armature winding and ground by described primary side switch controller, to have the first impedance during normal mode and have the second impedance during message transfer mode, described the second impedance is higher than described the first impedance.
14. methods according to claim 12, also comprise:
During the described message transfer mode of described switching power converter, generate represent described digital massage, across the series of voltage peak value of the described secondary winding of described switching power converter, described series of voltage peak value is reflected on described armature winding;
Wherein detect described digital massage and comprise that detection is reflected in the described series of voltage peak value on described armature winding.
15. methods according to claim 14, wherein generate described series of voltage peak value and comprise:
Control the switch of secondary side switch, so that output voltage coupling or the decoupling zero of described switching power converter are arrived to described secondary winding.
16. methods according to claim 12, also comprise:
During described normal mode, in the time that described current path has described the first impedance, detect the current sensing signal representing by the electric current of described primary side winding; And
Based on described current sensing signal, control the switch of described the first primary side switch.
17. methods according to claim 12, also comprise:
Control the switch of described the second primary side switch, with when described the first primary side switch conducting with described normal mode operation, and during at least a portion of described opening time of described the first primary side switch with described message transfer mode operation.
18. methods according to claim 17, also comprise:
After following the first buffer zone period of turn-offing described the first primary side switch closely, enter described message transfer mode;
Before the second buffer zone period before connecting described the first primary side switch, enter described normal mode.
19. methods according to claim 12, wherein said digital massage comprises at least one in the following: the information of mark transition loading condition, be identified at described load place undervoltage condition information and be identified at the information of the overpressure condition of described load place.
20. 1 kinds of switching power converters, comprising:
Transformer, comprises the armature winding of the input of being coupled to described switching power converter and is coupled to the secondary winding of the output of described switching power converter;
The first primary side switch, is coupled to the described armature winding of described transformer, and described the first primary side switch is controlled the electric current by described armature winding based on the first primary side switch described in switch;
The second primary side switch, switch at the first state during normal mode with between the second state during message transfer mode, wherein when described the first state during described the second primary side switch is in described normal mode, described the second primary side switch makes to have the first impedance by the current path of described primary side winding and described the first primary side switch, and wherein when described the second state during described the second primary side switch is in described message transfer mode, described the second primary side switch makes to have the second impedance by the described current path of described primary side winding and described the first primary side switch, described the second impedance is higher than described the first impedance,
Primary side controller, in the described primary side of described switching power converter, described primary side controller is for controlling the switch of described the first primary side switch, for controlling the switch of described the second primary side switch, to select between described normal mode and described message transfer mode, and for detection of be reflected in the digital massage described armature winding from described secondary winding during described message transfer mode.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201361780231P | 2013-03-13 | 2013-03-13 | |
| US61/780,231 | 2013-03-13 | ||
| US14/043,593 US9318963B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2013-10-01 | Switching power converter with secondary to primary messaging |
| US14/043,593 | 2013-10-01 |
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| CN104052290A true CN104052290A (en) | 2014-09-17 |
| CN104052290B CN104052290B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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| CN106257813A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2016-12-28 | 英飞凌科技奥地利有限公司 | There is the switch converters transmitted from the signal of primary side to primary side |
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| CN114123795A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2022-03-01 | 亚德诺半导体国际无限责任公司 | Power transmission and feedback through a common isolator |
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