CN104051731B - A kind of method that LiFePO4 is prepared in pollution-free zero-emission - Google Patents

A kind of method that LiFePO4 is prepared in pollution-free zero-emission Download PDF

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CN104051731B
CN104051731B CN201410141204.7A CN201410141204A CN104051731B CN 104051731 B CN104051731 B CN 104051731B CN 201410141204 A CN201410141204 A CN 201410141204A CN 104051731 B CN104051731 B CN 104051731B
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lifepo4
crystal
temperature
autoclave
fecl
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CN104051731A (en
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孙青林
汪浩
魏宏政
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Nanyang Fengyuan New Energy Technology Co., Ltd
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Study On Lithium Battery Materials Nanyang Fengyuan Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26Phosphates
    • C01B25/45Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method that LiFePO4 is prepared in pollution-free zero-emission.The present invention has fully demonstrated environmental friendliness, sustainable development, free of contamination Green Chemistry, fine chemistry industry theory.Lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source are dissolved, are mixed by the present invention under appropriate circumstances.By the control to synthesis conditioned response process, the LiFePO4 crystal of synthesis of high purity, and control the easily separated process of product different component, extract LiFePO4 crystal presoma and carry out inclusion, then carbonization annealing heat treatment;Remaining liquid and side-product carry out the green Posterior circle that processes and recycle, the energy recovery recycling of temperature-fall period.LiFePO 4 material chemical property prepared by this technique is good, and purity is high, good processability.Constituent content is reasonable, and batch is stable, it is most important that pollution-free zero-emission, it is simple to large-scale production.

Description

A kind of method that LiFePO4 is prepared in pollution-free zero-emission
Technical field
The invention belongs to chemical industry synthetic material field, specifically the present invention relates to a kind of pollution-free zero-emission and prepare phosphoric acid The green chemistry process method of ferrum lithium.
Background technology
AyMPO is disclosed first from the NTT of Japan in 19964(A is alkali metal, and M is the combination of both CoFe: LiFeCOPO4) Olivine structural anode material of lithium battery after, within 1997, Texas, USA founds university John. B. Goodenough etc. study group, it has been reported that LiFe PO4Olivine structural (LiM PO4), European have also discovered natural Fructus Canarii albi The LiFePO of stone structure4。LiFePO4Also commercialization secondary battery material such as cobalt acid lithium, lithium nickelate, ternary it is found to have Deng the superior function that material is incomparable.This material possesses that raw material sources is extensive, cheap, memory-less effect, circulates the longevity Life is long, and security performance is good, and high-temperature behavior is good, without series of advantages such as heavy metal, non-environmental-pollutions.
Although LiFePO4There is plurality of advantages, be also considered as the most promising lithium ion secondary battery anode material, draw Playing various countries' research and development manufacture energetically to this material, consequent patent and paper are the most too numerous to enumerate, and great majority research and development manufacture all Only lay particular emphasis in the pursuit of material self performance and value, and have ignored one will as the whole world a new generation energy carrier materials The produced pollution in production process.
But we but think the birth of a kind of new green energy resource, it should be from the aborning of it be all green Rather than in order to obtain a kind of new green energy resource, before obtaining, just have resulted in serious environmental pollution, so may Can be to lose more than gain.The LiFePO that traditional solid phase method and liquid phase method or microwave synthesize4, not only the time is long, and energy consumption is big, grain Degree skewness, performance is undesirable, discharges substantial amounts of waste gas, the pollutant such as waste water, dust simultaneously, causes serious environment dirty Dye.Traditional high temperature solid-state method uses Li2CO3+2FeC2O4+2NH4H2PO4= 2LiFePO4 +2NH3↑+5CO2↑+3H2O, often Produce 1 ton of LiFePO4 It is necessary to produce about 350m3 CO2 Gas, the most also to produce about 153 m3 NH3Gas, these gas Body all has the biggest pollution to air, and is difficult to recovery, the most a large amount of moisture discharge.These problems are entered by just Row considers analysis, and planning of science activities devises a kind of pollution-free zero-emission and prepares the green chemistry process of high-quality LiFePO4 Method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that LiFePO4 is prepared in pollution-free zero-emission, fully demonstrate environment friend Good, sustainable development, free of contamination Green Chemistry, fine chemistry industry theory, by the control to synthesis conditioned response process, synthesis Highly purified LiFePO4 crystal, carries out the green Posterior circle that processes and recycles remaining liquid and side-product.
The lithium iron phosphate preparation method of a kind of pollution-free zero-emission that the present invention provides, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
First by H3 PO4、FeCl2And LiOH, weigh at 1: 1: 3 in molar ratio;The most respectively by load weighted H3 PO4、 FeCl2Dissolve in deionized water with LiOH supersaturation, form the H of molecular level3 PO4Precursor solution, FeCl2Precursor solution With LiOH precursor solution, then by described H3 PO4Precursor solution adds in autoclave, and makes high pressure temperature in the kettle rise to 50-110 DEG C, then it is slowly added to FeCl2Precursor solution, makes H3 PO4Precursor solution and FeCl2Precursor solution mixing is all After even, in described autoclave, it is passed through noble gas, in described autoclave, then adds LiOH precursor solution, then high pressure Reaction i.e. FeCl is started to warm up in still2 + H3 PO4 + 3LiOH→2LiCl+ LiFePO4 ↓+ 3H2O, during temperature reaction Making high pressure temperature in the kettle rise to 120-260 DEG C with 1-10 DEG C/min speed, in described autoclave, Stress control is at 0.2-4.7MPa, Whole temperature reaction process continues 4-15 hour, material in autoclave does not stop during whole temperature reaction stirring, heats up After completion of the reaction, carry out cold oil circulation by the heat-conducting oil furnace supporting with autoclave to make to lower the temperature speed with 1-20 DEG C/min in autoclave Rate cooling down is to room temperature, and heat-conducting oil furnace carries out cold oil and follows the thermal energy storage of rear cold oil recovery and be cycled to used at follow-up concentration Reason, then the material in autoclave by baiting valve and drainage pump introduce solid-liquid separating equipment isolate LiFePO4 crystal with LiCl solution, fully washs LiFePO4 crystal water, then makees after the water deionization process of washing LiFePO4 crystal Deionized water for cycling and reutilization uses, by LiCl solution by cell reaction i.e. 2H2O + 2Cl- = Cl2↑+ H2↑+ 2OH-And 2H2O + 2LiCl = Cl2 ↑ + H2↑+2LiOH, the concentrated process of LiOH solution that will generate in cell reaction Posterior circle is used for preparing LiFePO4 crystal, the chlorine generated is passed through in water generation hydrochloric acid, adds in hydrochloric acid in cell reaction Enter iron powder and generate again FeCl2Solution, this FeCl2Solution concentration Posterior circle is used for preparing LiFePO4 crystal, by cell reaction The hydrogen of middle generation provides heat energy as fuel gas buring for concentration and heating autoclave after collecting, and concentration produces Water recycles as deionized water after deionization processes.
Further, after temperature reaction, material in autoclave carrying out solid-liquid separation, gained solid is LiFePO4 Crystal, washs isolated LiFePO4 crystal, keeps the percentage by weight of water in the LiFePO4 crystal after washing 30 80%, form LiFePO4 crystal suspension after washing, in LiFePO4 crystal suspension, then add clathrate, The clathrate added is 1-2.5: 1 with the mol ratio of LiFePO4 crystal, and clathrate supersaturation is dissolved in LiFePO4 crystal and hangs In turbid liquid, then pass through physical and chemical effect and make inclusion process complete under the mechanism that saturated solution and ultrasonic disperse interact, shape Becoming LiFePO4 clathrate crystal presoma, clathrate process completes final vacuum or cold drying LiFePO4 clathrate crystal forerunner Body, then LiFePO4 clathrate crystal presoma is added in inert atmosphere protection or vacuum drying oven, carry out high temperature cabonization annealing, carbon Annealing temperature controls at 600 800 DEG C, and constant temperature time controls between 46 hours, uses air-cooled heat reclaim unit to make Vacuum drying oven is down to room temperature the heat energy reclaiming in temperature-fall period, and the heat circulation of recovery is used for described concentration, finally obtains The LiFePO4 crystal being coated with.
Further, described clathrate is hydroquinone or beta cyclodextrin.
The present invention by research that synthesis technique is become more meticulous, the scientific design to synthetic route, reasonable to side-product Processing cycle utilizes.Electrochemical performances of lithium iron phosphate prepared by this technique is good, batch stable and consistent, good processability, energy Enough be competent at the electrokinetic cell high requirement to positive electrode, and whole production process meet fine chemistry industry, green chemical concept without Pollute.Method used in the present invention is pollution-free, does not produce three industrial wastes after recovery, and the product reclaimed all becomes former material Material, directly utilizes, for reproduction next time, by making this manufacture of materials cost decline 1/3 after the recovery of this process cycles, and not Produce and pollute.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the technological process rough schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the gram volume test figure of the LiFePO 4 material prepared by the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the multiplying power test figure of the LiFePO 4 material prepared by the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the cycle performance test figure of the LiFePO 4 material prepared by the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the particle size distribution figure of the LiFePO 4 material prepared by the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the XRD figure of the LiFePO 4 material prepared by the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment one
Referring to Fig. 1, the lithium iron phosphate preparation method of a kind of pollution-free zero-emission, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
First by H3 PO4、FeCl2And LiOH, weigh at 1: 1: 3 in molar ratio;The most respectively by load weighted H3 PO4、 FeCl2Dissolve in deionized water with LiOH supersaturation, form the H of molecular level3 PO4Precursor solution, FeCl2Precursor solution With LiOH precursor solution, then by described H3 PO4Precursor solution adds in autoclave, and makes high pressure temperature in the kettle rise to 50 110 DEG C, then it is slowly added to FeCl2Precursor solution, makes H3 PO4Precursor solution and FeCl2Precursor solution mixing is all After even, in described autoclave, it is passed through noble gas, in described autoclave, then adds LiOH precursor solution, then high pressure Reaction i.e. FeCl is started to warm up in still2 + H3 PO4 + 3LiOH→2LiCl+ LiFePO4 ↓+ 3H2O, during temperature reaction Making high pressure temperature in the kettle rise to 120-260 DEG C with 1-10 DEG C/min speed, in described autoclave, Stress control is at 0.2-4.7MPa, Whole temperature reaction process continues 4-15 hour, material in autoclave does not stop during whole temperature reaction stirring, heats up After completion of the reaction, carry out cold oil circulation by the heat-conducting oil furnace supporting with autoclave to make to lower the temperature speed with 1-20 DEG C/min in autoclave Rate cooling down is to room temperature, and heat-conducting oil furnace carries out cold oil and follows the thermal energy storage of rear cold oil recovery and be cycled to used at follow-up concentration Reason, then the material in autoclave by baiting valve and drainage pump introduce solid-liquid separating equipment isolate LiFePO4 crystal with LiCl solution, fully washs LiFePO4 crystal water, then makees after the water deionization process of washing LiFePO4 crystal Deionized water for cycling and reutilization uses, by LiCl solution by cell reaction i.e. 2H2O + 2Cl- = Cl2↑+ H2↑+ 2OH-And 2H2O + 2LiCl = Cl2 ↑ + H2↑+2LiOH, the concentrated process of LiOH solution that will generate in cell reaction Posterior circle is used for preparing LiFePO4 crystal, the chlorine generated is passed through in water generation hydrochloric acid, adds in hydrochloric acid in cell reaction Enter iron powder and generate again FeCl2Solution, this FeCl2Solution concentration Posterior circle is used for preparing LiFePO4 crystal, by cell reaction The hydrogen of middle generation provides heat energy as fuel gas buring for concentration and heating autoclave after collecting, and concentration produces Water recycles as deionized water after deionization processes.
The detailed process of described cell reaction is as follows:
The device that described cell reaction uses is ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer, the cathode chamber of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer and anode chamber's sun Ion exchange membrane separates;Described LiCl solution enters anode chamber, H during energising20 electrolysis generates hydrogen, Li at cathode surface+From Son passes through ionic membrane by anode chamber and OH-In conjunction with LiOH;LiOH is the raw material preparing LiFePO4;Cl-Ion is then at anode table Face generates chlorine, by Cl2Being passed through in water generation chlorine water, chlorine water ultimately becomes hydrochloric acid after treatment, and hydrochloric acid and iron powder react generation Ferrous chloride, ferrous chloride is also the raw material preparing LiFePO4.
The detailed equation of described cell reaction is as follows:
Anode: 2Cl- -2e-→Cl2 ↑, the Cl that anode pool produces2.By Cl2Being passed through in water generation chlorine water, chlorine water is treated After ultimately become hydrochloric acid Fe+2HCl=FeCl2 + H2
Negative electrode: 2H++2e-→H2 ↑, the OH that cathode pool produces-Select through the Li come with cationic membrane+In conjunction with generating LiOH.Such as OH-+ Li+ → LiOH
Overall reaction: 2H2O+2Cl-=Cl2 ↑+H2 ↑+2OH-and 2H2O+2LiCl=Cl2 ↑+H2 ↑ + 2LiOH。
Steam produced by described concentration passes through condensing tower recycling.
Embodiment two
In the method step described by embodiment one, further, after temperature reaction, material in autoclave is entered Row solid-liquid separation, gained solid is LiFePO4 crystal, is washed by isolated LiFePO4 crystal, after keeping washing In LiFePO4 crystal, the percentage by weight of water is 30 80%, forms LiFePO4 crystal suspension, then to phosphoric acid after washing Adding clathrate in ferrum crystalline lithium suspension, the clathrate of addition is 1-2.5: 1 with the mol ratio of LiFePO4 crystal, clathrate Supersaturation is dissolved in LiFePO4 crystal suspension, then passes through physical and chemical effect and makes inclusion process saturated solution and ultrasonic point Completing under the mechanism of dephasing interaction, form LiFePO4 clathrate crystal presoma, clathrate process completes final vacuum or low temperature It is dried LiFePO4 clathrate crystal presoma, then LiFePO4 clathrate crystal presoma is added inert atmosphere protection or true In empty stove, carrying out high temperature cabonization annealing, carbonization annealing temperature controls at 600 800 DEG C, constant temperature time control 46 hours it Between, use air-cooled heat reclaim unit to make vacuum drying oven be down to room temperature the heat energy reclaiming in temperature-fall period, the heat circulation of recovery For described concentration, finally obtain the LiFePO4 crystal being coated with.
Embodiment three
In the method step described by embodiment two, further, described clathrate is hydroquinone or β ring paste Essence.
Detection is analyzed:
Entrust the detection that the global group in Xinxiang does, by the LiFePO 4 material of a kind of carbo-nitriding provided by the present invention The preparation-obtained LiFePO 4 material of preparation method, after testing, the theoretical gram volume of LiFePO4 is 170mAH/g, this method The LiFePO 4 material of preparation can stably accomplish 163mAH/g, tests figure accompanying drawing 2 referring specifically to gram volume;Phosphorus prepared by this method The high rate performance of acid ferrum lithium material, the standard of European Union is that 1C charge and discharge is not less than 130mAH/g, domestic relatively do at present good Can reach 1C charge and discharge 135mAH/g, and LiFePO 4 material prepared by this method, data are 1C charge and discharge 154mAH/g after testing Left and right, tests figure accompanying drawing 3 referring specifically to multiplying power;It addition, the lattice stability of LiFePO 4 material prepared by this method is to pass through Cycle performance embodies, the figure provided at present be 50 times undamped, referring specifically to Fig. 4;Further, this LiFePO 4 material material The physical property of material, can directly be detected, including granularity, can be detected by laser fineness gage, and I divides with granularity Butut i.e. Fig. 5;It is the purity of target product LiFePO4 and this product as this powder body material synthesized, Ke Yitong Crossing XRD figure spectrum and carry out check analysis, I am also with XRD figure i.e. Fig. 6;Finally, the lot stability of this LiFePO 4 material, by pressing According to the method that this technique is same, same condition, be repeated 10 times test, detection gram volume all between 158-163 mAH/g, ripple Move about 3%, it is believed that lot stability concordance is controlled.

Claims (3)

1. a lithium iron phosphate preparation method for pollution-free zero-emission, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: first by H3 PO4、 FeCl2And LiOH, weigh at 1: 1: 3 in molar ratio;The most respectively by load weighted H3 PO4、FeCl2It is dissolved in LiOH supersaturation In deionized water, form the H of molecular level3 PO4Precursor solution, FeCl2Precursor solution and LiOH precursor solution, then will Described H3 PO4Precursor solution adds in autoclave, and makes high pressure temperature in the kettle rise to 50-110 DEG C, is then slowly added to FeCl2Precursor solution, makes H3 PO4Precursor solution and FeCl2After precursor solution mix homogeneously, logical in described autoclave Enter noble gas, in described autoclave, then add LiOH precursor solution, then start to warm up reaction in autoclave i.e. FeCl2 + H3 PO4 + 3LiOH→2LiCl + LiFePO4 ↓+ 3H2O, makes high pressure temperature in the kettle with 1-during temperature reaction 10 DEG C/min speed rises to 120-260 DEG C, and in described autoclave, Stress control is at 0.2-4.7MPa, and whole temperature reaction process is held Continuous 4-15 hour, during whole temperature reaction, material in autoclave is not stopped stirring, after temperature reaction, by with height The pressure supporting heat-conducting oil furnace of still carries out cold oil circulation to be made in autoclave with 1-20 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall cooling down to room temperature, leads Hot oil furnace carries out cold oil and follows the thermal energy storage of rear cold oil recovery and be cycled to used in follow-up concentration, then the thing in autoclave Expect that introducing solid-liquid separating equipment by baiting valve and drainage pump isolates LiFePO4 crystal and LiCl solution, LiFePO4 is brilliant Body water fully washs, then as the deionized water of cycling and reutilization after the water deionization process that LiFePO4 crystal will be washed Use, by LiCl solution by cell reaction i.e. 2H2O + 2Cl- = Cl2↑+ H2↑+ 2OH-And 2H2O + 2LiCl = Cl2 ↑ + H2↑+2LiOH, is used for preparing LiFePO4 brilliant by the LiOH solution concentrated process Posterior circle generated in cell reaction Body, is passed through in water generation hydrochloric acid by the chlorine generated in cell reaction, adds iron powder and generate again FeCl in hydrochloric acid2Solution, should FeCl2Solution concentration Posterior circle is used for preparing LiFePO4 crystal, the hydrogen generated is made after collecting in cell reaction Being that concentration provides heat energy with heating autoclave for fuel gas buring, the water that concentration produces conduct after deionization processes is gone Ionized water recycles.
The lithium iron phosphate preparation method of pollution-free zero-emission the most as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: will divide through described solid-liquid Fully wash from equipment isolated LiFePO4 crystal water, keep the weight percent of water in the LiFePO4 crystal after washing Ratio, 30 80%, forms LiFePO4 crystal suspension, then adds inclusion in LiFePO4 crystal suspension after washing Thing, the clathrate of addition is 1-2.5: 1 with the mol ratio of LiFePO4 crystal, and clathrate supersaturation is dissolved in LiFePO4 crystal In suspension, then pass through physical and chemical effect and make inclusion process complete under the mechanism that saturated solution and ultrasonic disperse interact, Form LiFePO4 clathrate crystal presoma, before clathrate process completes final vacuum or cold drying LiFePO4 clathrate crystal Drive body, then LiFePO4 clathrate crystal presoma added in inert atmosphere protection or vacuum drying oven, carry out high temperature cabonization annealing, Carbonization annealing temperature controls at 600 800 DEG C, and constant temperature time controls, between 46 hours, to use air-cooled heat reclaim unit Making vacuum drying oven be down to room temperature the heat energy reclaiming in temperature-fall period, the heat circulation of recovery is used for described concentration, finally obtains The LiFePO4 crystal that must be coated with.
The lithium iron phosphate preparation method of pollution-free zero-emission the most as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described clathrate is right Benzodiazepines or beta cyclodextrin.
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CN104600302A (en) * 2015-01-27 2015-05-06 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司 Hot preparation technology of lithium iron phosphate solvent
CN104577122B (en) * 2015-01-27 2017-02-22 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司 Lithium iron phosphate solvothermal preparation device
CN108609594B (en) * 2018-03-29 2021-08-17 宁夏滨河新材料科技有限公司 Method for treating and recycling wastewater in iron phosphate production
CN110615419A (en) * 2019-07-01 2019-12-27 湖北虹润高科新材料有限公司 Iron phosphate production facility

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