CN104051627A - Method for manufacturing improved parallel laminated organic solar cell - Google Patents
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- CN104051627A CN104051627A CN201410276254.6A CN201410276254A CN104051627A CN 104051627 A CN104051627 A CN 104051627A CN 201410276254 A CN201410276254 A CN 201410276254A CN 104051627 A CN104051627 A CN 104051627A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing an improved parallel laminated organic solar cell. By the adoption of the method for manufacturing the improved parallel laminated organic solar cell, due to the fact that a middle connecting layer in a traditional laminated structure is ingeniously eliminated through the lamination technology, two donor materials and one acceptor material form a subsection cell of a bulk heterojunction structure, two effective layers are directly connected, and the efficiency of the laminated cell is further improved. Due to the elimination of the middle connecting layer, additory absorption generated when light passes through the middle connecting layer is avoided, and effective light absorption by a device is facilitated; a resistor introduced due to the arrangement of the middle connecting layer is avoided, and the improvement on the electrical performance of the device is facilitated; the total number of material layers of the laminated cell is greatly reduced, and the structure is greatly simplified; in this way, the manufacturing technology is simpler, the technological process is easier to control, and the device cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to microelectronics technology, that be specifically related to is a kind of preparation method of improved laminated organic solar cell in parallel.
Background technology:
Along with sharply increase and the continuous attention to environmental protection of energy demand, people are increasing for the demand of clean energy resource.Solar energy is inexhaustible, nexhaustible, cheap pollution-free, be the energy that the mankind can freely be used, and solar cell is the effective means of utilizing solar energy.But the high cost of prevailing silica-based solar cell has greatly hindered its development and has popularized.And organic material has the advantages such as cost is low, the absorption coefficient of light is high, quality is light, pliability is good, manufacturing process is simple, make its application in solar cell cause people's extensive concern.Organic solar batteries has become one of most promising solar battery technology of future generation, the focus in solar energy research field, the Ye Shi world.
Greatly limited the raising of organic solar batteries performance but the absorption spectrum of organic material and solar spectrum do not mate the existence of the efficiency such as absorption loss water and the thermal loss loss mechanism causing, therefore laminated construction also enjoys people's concern.Laminated construction is having obvious advantage aspect raising device overall performance.First absorption loss water can reduce greatly by laminated construction.In laminated construction, before and after the organic material of different energy gaps, be superimposed, between these material absorption spectras, form complementation, can increase to greatest extent the absorption spectra width of material to light, reduce the mismatch degree of material absorption spectra and solar spectrum.In addition, thermal loss also can reduce greatly by laminated construction.In laminated construction, thereby can utilize the narrower material of energy gap to absorb the lower photon of energy and obtain the exciton that energy is lower, thereby utilize the wider material of energy gap to absorb the higher photon of energy and obtain the exciton that energy is higher, can reduce so material absorbs the energy of the hot carrier forming after photon, thereby greatly reduce hot carrier to the thermal loss in excitonic relaxation process.
But traditional lamination solar cell structure also has obvious shortcoming.In traditional laminated construction, between each sub-batteries, must be connected and form a whole by intermediate layer.There is obvious defect in this structural design.First, incident light must be through intermediate connecting layer from a sub-batteries enters the sub-batteries of another one, and therefore intermediate connecting layer is inevitable to the absorption of light, and this can reduce the performance of device.Need intermediate connecting layer as far as possible transparent in order to increase effective absorption of light, this has proposed very harsh requirement to its optical property.In addition, intermediate connecting layer also will ensure that two sub-batteries are effectively connected in electricity, therefore needs intermediate layer resistance as far as possible low, and this has also proposed requirement to its electric property.And the optical property and the electric property that improve intermediate connecting layer are conflicting often in practice.In addition, in traditional laminated construction, between each sub-batteries, the mode of simple superposition can make the contained number of layers of device sharply increase.The total number of plies of device not only comprises that the intrinsic number of plies of each sub-batteries itself also comprises the number of plies of intermediate connecting layer, and in actual applications, intermediate connecting layer at least comprises two-layer conventionally.So many number of layers make device architecture become complicated, and manufacture craft difficulty also increases greatly.These shortcomings finally all can increase technology difficulty and the cost of element manufacturing, and then make the weakened even forfeiture of cost advantage of organic solar batteries.
These problems that face in order to overcome traditional laminated cell, we have proposed a kind of simple organic lamination solar battery structure (patent applied for).We have utilized the photoelectric conversion process of organic solar batteries to depend on donor material and this feature of acceptor material interface, make two kinds of donor materials share same acceptor material, thereby remove dexterously the intermediate connecting layer in traditional laminated construction, make CuPc (CuPc) material and PCBM (a kind of derivative of fullerene) material form double layer heterojunction battery, the exciton that CuPc extinction produces can be effectively in CuPc/PCBM interfacial separation and then collected by electrode; PCBM and P3HT (a kind of polymer of 3-hexyl thiophene) material organizator hetero-junction solar cell simultaneously, the exciton that P3HT extinction produces is being scattered in the PCBM:P3HT interfacial separation of mixed layer, and then is collected by electrode.We call simple laminated organic solar cell structure in parallel this structure.
But this structure is not perfect, also there is the defect of himself.Simple laminated organic solar cell in parallel often comprises a sub-batteries of bulk heterojunction and a sub-batteries of double layer heterojunction.Wherein, bulk heterojunction joint device is an effective solar cell device.In bulk heterojunction battery, donor material and acceptor material form the crossover network running through mutually, have ensured effective exciton dissociation and effectively electric charge transmission simultaneously, and now efficient organic solar device is mostly based on bulk heterojunction structure.But the another one double layer heterojunction joint device in this laminated cell is not an effective solar cell device, its existence has limited the overall performance of laminated device widely.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned traditional laminated construction, and simple laminated organic solar cell structure in parallel is improved, sub-comprised double layer heterojunction batteries is replaced to the preparation method that a kind of improved laminated organic solar cell in parallel is provided by bulk heterojunction structure.
In order to solve the existing problem of background technology, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A preparation method for improved laminated organic solar cell in parallel, step comprises as follows:
(1) surface is stained with to zinc powder with the glass of indium tin oxide ITO with cotton swab and hydrochloric acid etches away part ITO, makes part expose nonconducting glass surface, then ito glass is cleaned;
(2) the ito glass surface after etching by the polymer P EDOT of whirl coating spin coating 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene monomer and the mixed solution of poly styrene sulfonate PSS mode obtain the PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer that thickness is 50-70nm;
(3) whirl coating toasts sample after finishing on agitating heating platform, and temperature is 120 DEG C, and the time is 1h;
(4) the derivative PCBM of the polymer P 3HT of 3-hexyl thiophene and fullerene is dissolved in respectively and in 1,2-chlorobenzene, forms the solution that concentration is 18mg/ml, by P3HT:PCBM by volume 1:0.8 be configured to P3HT:PCBM mixed liquor; Diketopyrrolo-pyrrole polymer pBBTDPP2 and PCBM are dissolved in respectively and in 1,2-chlorobenzene, form the solution that concentration is 18mg/ml, pBBTDPP2 and PCBM more by volume 1:2 be configured to mixed liquor;
(5) ito glass that is coated with PEDOT:PSS of preparation in step (3) is moved on the whirl coating platform in glove box, on PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer, obtain by the mode of the above-mentioned P3HT:PCBM mixed liquor of whirl coating spin coating the effective layer of P3HT:PCBM that thickness is 80-100nm;
(6) in the metallic room of the extremely integrated multi-source multicell coating system of glass sliding, the Al cathode layer that the mode of deposited by electron beam evaporation evaporation thickness in glass substrate is 100nm;
(7) on described Al cathode layer, obtain by the mode of the above-mentioned pBBTDPP2:PCBM mixed liquor of whirl coating spin coating the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM that thickness is 80-100nm;
(8) sample step (7) being prepared is inverted on the sample that is laminated to preparation in step (5), then puts in glove box, carries out annealing operation.
Wherein, in step (2), the mix proportions of PEDOT and PSS is weight ratio 1:6, and the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is rotating speed 2000-3000rpms per minute, and rotation time is 60-90s; In step (5), described prepares by whirl coating mode the effective layer of P3HT:PCBM that thickness is 80-100nm on PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer, and its process conditions are as follows: the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 1000-1500rpms, and the time is 40-60s; In step (6), the described Al cathode layer that deposited by electron beam evaporation mode evaporation thickness is 100nm in glass substrate, its process conditions are as follows: the vacuum degree of metallic room is 4 × 10
-4pa; In step (7), described prepares by whirl coating mode the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM that thickness is 80-100nm on Al cathode layer, and its process conditions are as follows: the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 1000-1500rpms, and the time is 40-60s; In step (8), what glove box was logical is high pure nitrogen, and corresponding water oxygen content is all less than 1ppm (1,000,000/), and annealing temperature is 140-150 DEG C, and the time is 10-15min.
The present invention contrasts prior art, there is following beneficial effect: the present invention has removed the intermediate connecting layer in traditional laminated construction dexterously by lamination, make two kinds of donor materials (pBBTDPP2 and P3HT) form respectively the sub-batteries of bulk heterojunction structure with a kind of acceptor material (PCBM), two effective layers are directly connected, the efficiency of laminated cell can be further improved.Due to the disappearance of intermediate connecting layer, the subsidiary absorption while having avoided light to pass through this layer, is conducive to the effective absorption of device to light; The resistance of having avoided its existence and introduce, is conducive to the raising of device electric property; The total number of layers of laminated cell is greatly reduced, and structure is simplified greatly, and this makes manufacturing process simpler, and technological process is more easy to control, and therefore device cost also reduces greatly.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is improved simple laminated organic solar cell growth flow chart in parallel of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is improved simple laminated organic solar cell structural representation in parallel of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described:
With reference to Fig. 1, the present invention provides following embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Performing step of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1, carries out etching, cleaning to substrate.
Surface is stained with to zinc powder with the glass of ITO with cotton swab and hydrochloric acid etches away part ITO, make part expose nonconducting glass surface, then ito glass good etching is put into detergent, deionized water, acetone and ethanol successively carries out ultrasonic cleaning, each ultrasonic 15min.The cleaning process of glass is the same with ito glass.
Step 2, preparing thickness is the PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer of 60nm.
Ito glass after above-mentioned etching, cleaning is dried up by nitrogen gun, then obtain by the mode of whirl coating spin coating the PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer that thickness is 60nm on its surface, the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 3000rpms, and the time is 60s.
Step 3, carries out drying and processing to sample.
After whirl coating finishes, on agitating heating platform, sample is toasted, temperature is 120 DEG C, and the time is 1h.
Step 4, configuration P3HT:PCBM and pBBTDPP2:PCBM mixed liquor.
P3HT and PCBM are dissolved in respectively and in 1,2-chlorobenzene, form the solution that concentration is 18mg/ml, then 1:0.8 is configured to mixed liquor by volume; PBBTDPP2 and PCBM are dissolved in respectively and in 1,2-chlorobenzene, form the solution that concentration is 18mg/ml, then 1:2 is configured to mixed liquor by volume.
Step 5, preparing thickness is the effective layer of P3HT:PCBM of 80nm.
Sample is moved on the whirl coating platform in glove box, obtain by the mode of the above-mentioned P3HT:PCBM mixed liquor of whirl coating spin coating the effective layer of P3HT:PCBM that thickness is 80nm on described PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer, the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 1200rpms, and the time is 60s.
Step 6, in glass substrate, preparing thickness is the Al cathode layer of 100nm.
In the metallic room of the extremely integrated multi-source multicell coating system of glass sliding, the Al cathode layer that the mode of deposited by electron beam evaporation evaporation thickness in glass substrate is 100nm, the vacuum degree of metallic room is 4 × 10
-4pa;
Step 7, preparing thickness is the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM of 80nm.
On described Al cathode layer, obtain by the mode of the above-mentioned pBBTDPP2:PCBM mixed liquor of whirl coating spin coating the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM that thickness is 80nm, the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 1200rpms, and the time is 60s.
Step 8, laminate samples is also carried out annealing in process.
The sample that step (7) is prepared is inverted on the sample that is laminated to preparation in step (5), then at the inner annealing operation that carries out of glove box (nitrogen atmosphere).What glove box was logical is high pure nitrogen, and corresponding water oxygen content is all less than 1ppm (1,000,000/), and annealing temperature is 150 DEG C, and the time is 10min.
With reference to Fig. 2, the improved simple laminated organic solar cell in parallel of making according to said method of the present invention, it is that thickness is the glass substrate of 1mm from bottom to top successively, thickness is the ito anode layer of 180nm, thickness is the PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer of 60nm, thickness is the effective layer of the P3HT:PCBM of 80nm, the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM that thickness is 80nm, the Al cathode layer that thickness is 100nm.
Embodiment 2:
Performing step of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1, carries out etching, cleaning to substrate.
Surface is stained with to zinc powder with the glass of ITO with cotton swab and hydrochloric acid etches away part ITO, make part expose nonconducting glass surface, then ito glass good etching is put into detergent, deionized water, acetone and ethanol successively carries out ultrasonic cleaning, each ultrasonic 15min.The cleaning process of glass is the same with ito glass.
Step 2, preparing thickness is the PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer of 50nm.
Ito glass after above-mentioned etching, cleaning is dried up by nitrogen gun, then obtain by the mode of whirl coating spin coating the PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer that thickness is 50nm on its surface, the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 3000rpms, and the time is 70s.
Step 3, carries out drying and processing to sample.
After whirl coating finishes, on agitating heating platform, sample is toasted, temperature is 120 DEG C, and the time is 1h.
Step 4, configuration P3HT:PCBM and pBBTDPP2:PCBM mixed liquor.
P3HT and PCBM are dissolved in respectively and in 1,2-chlorobenzene, form the solution that concentration is 18mg/ml, then 1:0.8 is configured to mixed liquor by volume; PBBTDPP2 and PCBM are dissolved in respectively and in 1,2-chlorobenzene, form the solution that concentration is 18mg/ml, then 1:2 is configured to mixed liquor by volume.
Step 5, preparing thickness is the effective layer of P3HT:PCBM of 80nm.
Sample is moved on the whirl coating platform in glove box, obtain by the mode of the above-mentioned P3HT:PCBM mixed liquor of whirl coating spin coating the effective layer of P3HT:PCBM that thickness is 80nm on described PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer, the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 1200rpms, and the time is 60s.
Step 6, in glass substrate, preparing thickness is the Al cathode layer of 100nm.
In the metallic room of the extremely integrated multi-source multicell coating system of glass sliding, the Al cathode layer that the mode of deposited by electron beam evaporation evaporation thickness in glass substrate is 100nm, the vacuum degree of metallic room is 4 × 10
-4pa;
Step 7, preparing thickness is the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM of 90nm.
On described Al cathode layer, obtain by the mode of the above-mentioned pBBTDPP2:PCBM mixed liquor of whirl coating spin coating the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM that thickness is 90nm, the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 1000rpms, and the time is 60s.
Step 8, laminate samples is also carried out annealing in process.
The sample that step (7) is prepared is inverted on the sample that is laminated to preparation in step (5), then at the inner annealing operation that carries out of glove box (nitrogen atmosphere).What glove box was logical is high pure nitrogen, and corresponding water oxygen content is all less than 1ppm (1,000,000/), and annealing temperature is 140 DEG C, and the time is 15min.
With reference to Fig. 2, the improved simple laminated organic solar cell in parallel of making according to said method of the present invention, it is that thickness is the glass substrate of 1mm from bottom to top successively, thickness is the ito anode layer of 180nm, thickness is the PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer of 50nm, thickness is the effective layer of the P3HT:PCBM of 80nm, the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM that thickness is 90nm, the Al cathode layer that thickness is 100nm.
Embodiment 3:
Performing step of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1, carries out etching, cleaning to substrate.
Surface is stained with to zinc powder with the glass of ITO with cotton swab and hydrochloric acid etches away part ITO, make part expose nonconducting glass surface, then ito glass good etching is put into detergent, deionized water, acetone and ethanol successively carries out ultrasonic cleaning, each ultrasonic 15min.The cleaning process of glass is the same with ito glass.
Step 2, preparing thickness is the PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer of 70nm.
Ito glass after above-mentioned etching, cleaning is dried up by nitrogen gun, then obtain by the mode of whirl coating spin coating the PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer that thickness is 70nm on its surface, the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 2000rpms, and the time is 60s.
Step 3, carries out drying and processing to sample.
After whirl coating finishes, on agitating heating platform, sample is toasted, temperature is 120 DEG C, and the time is 1h.
Step 4, configuration P3HT:PCBM and pBBTDPP2:PCBM mixed liquor.
P3HT and PCBM are dissolved in respectively and in 1,2-chlorobenzene, form the solution that concentration is 18mg/ml, then 1:0.8 is configured to mixed liquor by volume; PBBTDPP2 and PCBM are dissolved in respectively and in 1,2-chlorobenzene, form the solution that concentration is 18mg/ml, then 1:2 is configured to mixed liquor by volume.
Step 5, preparing thickness is the effective layer of P3HT:PCBM of 100nm.
Sample is moved on the whirl coating platform in glove box, on described PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer, obtain by the mode of the above-mentioned P3HT:PCBM mixed liquor of whirl coating spin coating the effective layer of P3HT:PCBM that thickness is 100nm, the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 1000rpms, and the time is 50s.
Step 6, in glass substrate, preparing thickness is the Al cathode layer of 100nm.
In the metallic room of the extremely integrated multi-source multicell coating system of glass sliding, the Al cathode layer that the mode of deposited by electron beam evaporation evaporation thickness in glass substrate is 100nm, the vacuum degree of metallic room is 4 × 10
-4pa;
Step 7, preparing thickness is the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM of 100nm.
On described Al cathode layer, obtain by the mode of the above-mentioned pBBTDPP2:PCBM mixed liquor of whirl coating spin coating the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM that thickness is 100nm, the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 1000rpms, and the time is 50s.
Step 8, laminate samples is also carried out annealing in process.
The sample that step (7) is prepared is inverted on the sample that is laminated to preparation in step (5), then at the inner annealing operation that carries out of glove box (nitrogen atmosphere).What glove box was logical is high pure nitrogen, and corresponding water oxygen content is all less than 1ppm (1,000,000/), and annealing temperature is 140 DEG C, and the time is 10min.
With reference to Fig. 2, the improved simple laminated organic solar cell in parallel of making according to said method of the present invention, it is that thickness is the glass substrate of 1mm from bottom to top successively, thickness is the ito anode layer of 180nm, thickness is the PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer of 70nm, thickness is the effective layer of the P3HT:PCBM of 100nm, the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM that thickness is 100nm, the Al cathode layer that thickness is 100nm.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for improved laminated organic solar cell in parallel, comprises the steps:
(1) surface is stained with to zinc powder with the glass of indium tin oxide ITO with cotton swab and hydrochloric acid etches away part ITO, makes part expose nonconducting glass surface, then ito glass is cleaned;
(2) the ito glass surface after etching by the polymer P EDOT of whirl coating spin coating 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene monomer and the mixed solution of poly styrene sulfonate PSS mode obtain the PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer that thickness is 50-70nm;
(3) whirl coating toasts sample after finishing on agitating heating platform, and temperature is 120 DEG C, and the time is 1h;
(4) the derivative PCBM of the polymer P 3HT of 3-hexyl thiophene and fullerene is dissolved in respectively and in 1,2-chlorobenzene, forms the solution that concentration is 18mg/ml, by P3HT:PCBM by volume 1:0.8 be configured to P3HT:PCBM mixed liquor; Diketopyrrolo-pyrrole polymer pBBTDPP2 and PCBM are dissolved in respectively and in 1,2-chlorobenzene, form the solution that concentration is 18mg/ml, pBBTDPP2 and PCBM more by volume 1:2 be configured to mixed liquor;
(5) ito glass that is coated with PEDOT:PSS of preparation in step (3) is moved on the whirl coating platform in glove box, on PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer, obtain by the mode of the above-mentioned P3HT:PCBM mixed liquor of whirl coating spin coating the effective layer of P3HT:PCBM that thickness is 80-100nm;
(6) in the metallic room of the extremely integrated multi-source multicell coating system of glass sliding, the Al cathode layer that the mode of deposited by electron beam evaporation evaporation thickness in glass substrate is 100nm;
(7) on described Al cathode layer, obtain by the mode of the above-mentioned pBBTDPP2:PCBM mixed liquor of whirl coating spin coating the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM that thickness is 80-100nm;
(8) sample step (7) being prepared is inverted on the sample that is laminated to preparation in step (5), then puts in glove box, carries out annealing operation.
2. the preparation method of a kind of improved laminated organic solar cell in parallel according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2),
The mix proportions of PEDOT and PSS is weight ratio 1:6, and the rotating speed of whirl coating platform is rotating speed 2000-3000rpms per minute, and rotation time is 60-90s.
3. the preparation method of a kind of improved laminated organic solar cell in parallel according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (5),
Described prepares by whirl coating mode the effective layer of P3HT:PCBM that thickness is 80-100nm on PEDOT:PSS hole transmission layer, and its process conditions are as follows:
The rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 1000-1500rpms, and the time is 40-60s.
4. the preparation method of a kind of improved laminated organic solar cell in parallel according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (6),
The described Al cathode layer that deposited by electron beam evaporation mode evaporation thickness is 100nm in glass substrate, its process conditions are as follows:
The vacuum degree of metallic room is 4 × 10
-4pa.
5. the preparation method of improved simple laminated organic solar cell in parallel according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (7),
Described prepares by whirl coating mode the effective layer of pBBTDPP2:PCBM that thickness is 80-100nm on Al cathode layer, and its process conditions are as follows:
The rotating speed of whirl coating platform is 1000-1500rpms, and the time is 40-60s.
6. the preparation method of a kind of improved laminated organic solar cell in parallel according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (8),
What glove box was logical is high pure nitrogen, and corresponding water oxygen content is all less than 1ppm, and annealing temperature is 140-150 DEG C, and the time is 10-15min.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104242795A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2014-12-24 | 济南大学 | Cascaded solar power generation system and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN109950402A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-28 | 华南师范大学 | Lamination organic thin film solar cell and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102177599A (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2011-09-07 | 密歇根大学董事会 | Organic tandem solar cells |
| KR101012203B1 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-02-08 | 광주과학기술원 | Tandem parallel organic solar cell |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104242795A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2014-12-24 | 济南大学 | Cascaded solar power generation system and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN109950402A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-28 | 华南师范大学 | Lamination organic thin film solar cell and preparation method thereof |
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