CN104050015A - Mirror image storage and distribution system for virtual machines - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a mirror image storage and distribution system for virtual machines. The mirror image storage and distribution system comprises cluster management servers, local object storage servers, DHT-MAP mapping servers and QEMU block drivers, wherein the local object storage servers, the DHT-MAP mapping servers and the QEMU block drivers run on test computers of a distributed cloud computing platform. By the adoption of the mirror image storage and distribution system, batch and fast deployment of distributed cross-region virtual machines can be achieved, and the defects that the period is long, dynamic extension can not be achieved and usability is low when a traditional system and method are used for deploying the virtual machines can be overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the system in a kind of cloud computing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of system of virtual machine image storage distribution.
Background technology
The fast development of cloud computing, the continuous expansion of cloud infrastructure scale, cloud platform bearer class of business is day by day various, and the batch under distributed environment, rapid deployment virtual machine are had higher requirement.On the one hand, a large amount of enterprises constantly by traditional business to cloud platform migration, existing infrastructure dilatation is subject to the impact of the various factorss such as energy consumption cost, privately owned cloud is disposed and is presented gradually geographic distributed nature; On the other hand, increasing enterprise and user select application and data placement in publicly-owned cloud and mixed cloud, and cloud provider also provides publicly-owned cloud or mixed cloud service energetically, makes distributed cloud computing become gradually the cloud computing deployment pattern of main flow.Distributed cloud computing development trend has proposed to dispose more technological challenge than concentrating to the batch deployment of virtual machine, need to meet under cross-region, distributed deployment prerequisite, provides to compare concentrate deployment mode equity or better store and distribution mechanisms.
When facing the services request of a large number of users, under traditional deploying virtual machine strategy, often need certain stand-by period, this greatly reduces the expectation of user to " cloud ".For this problem, people propose a lot of solutions, but most methods concentrates on improvement, the especially optimization to mirror image template file transmission mechanism of disposing the links in virtual machine process.
Virtual machine image template comprises operating system on virtual machine and the software of user's needs, a complete image file may have tens G, even tens G are big or small, the transmission of virtual machine image template file has taken the plenty of time of whole deploying virtual machine, especially under distributed deployment pattern, the transmission mirror image template file time used tends to due to factors such as wide area network bandwidth, causes the time of deploying virtual machine to be difficult to accept.
In prior art, for deploying virtual machine transmission optimization, propose different compressing file mechanism, to the full extent the volume of mirror image template file has been optimized, reduced transmission volume.Some documents have proposed applying template pre-copy strategy and have reduced the template file transmission time.The method is for copying next time, to use in a pre-copy template base by template interested in user, that deployment frequency is high is pre-stored.Here, pre-copy template base adopts the storage means different from conventional template storehouse.In prior art, give a kind of quick deployment method of realizing virtual machine by virtual machine image incremental backup mechanism; Or with reference to the thought of fork function, utilize father's virtual machine to clone rapidly a large amount of sub-virtual machines, by the parallel mode that creates sub-virtual machine, improve the method for deploying virtual machine efficiency; Again or utilize Copy on write technology to create the snapshot of virtual disk and internal storage state, and further adopt distribution according to need memory techniques and multileaving technology to ask and transmit the virtual machine rapid clon method of these status informations.
In prior art, also proposed by changing the mode that in classic method, a plurality of hosts of mind-set are distributed a super large file from a centralized stores, introduce virtual machine image template file distributed storage in the mechanism of each template file storage center, make host to download virtual machine image template file from different storage centers, avoided centralized stores center when a large amount of requests arrive, to become the problem of transmission bottleneck.The storage mode of another kind of similar BT is disclosed, by building coordinator server, the data block of virtual machine image template file is exchanged each other's needs between many hosts, with P2P downloading mode, realize mirror image template file and accelerate transmission, by distinguishing common template file data and user data, adopt pre-copy and incremental transmission mechanism to realize the virtual machine rapid deployment of concentrating under deployment mode simultaneously.The limitation that the method exists is, in order to keep the consistance of data, need to adopt the similar mode flooding, this is infeasible in wide area network.The storage space that also has a kind of each host of polymerization, forms a general pool, and mirror image template file is stored in respectively in storage pool, then adopts parallel transmission mode to improve the method for disposing efficiency.Its weak point is, because every kind of template lacks redundant storage, when disposing same type virtual machine in batches, data transmission will increase the load of this memory node greatly frequently, especially more outstanding when transmitting across geographic region.
Therefore, virtual machine image storage distribution system and method thereof under a kind of distributed cloud computing environment need to be proposed, the virtual machine of realizing distributed cross-region in batches, rapid deployment, solve legacy system and method dispose the virtual machine cycle long, cannot dynamic expansion, the deficiency such as availability is low.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides a kind of virtual machine image storage distribution system and method.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A virtual machine image storage distribution system, its improvements are: described system comprises cluster management server and the native object storage server, DHT-MAP mapping server and the QEMU piece that operate on the test machine of distributed cloud computing platform drive.
Further, described DHT-MAP mapping server, for obtaining data block, carries out the module of registration, route and the inquiry of described data block;
Described native object storage server is communicated by letter with described DHT-MAP mapping server, and described object storage server is for the storage pool of local storage data, each host storage space of polymerization LAN (Local Area Network), composition template volume and snapped volume;
Described QEMU piece drives and communicates by letter with described native object storage server, and described QEMU piece drives for virtual machine image being divided into the data block object of fixed size;
Described cluster management server is used for realizing cluster management and message transmission, and obtains across the mirror image data piece between cluster.
Further, described cluster management server is according to the super ring topology of chord Algorithm constitution, and described object storage server is according to the local ring topology of chord Algorithm constitution.
Further, the storage work of described virtual machine image storage distribution system comprises the following steps:
I, described QEMU piece drive the data block object that virtual machine image is divided into fixed size, use consistance hash algorithm formation object sign, by iSCSI agreement, store described data block object and redundant copy thereof into described virtual machine image storage distribution system; If there is object management server in this locality, local cache data block copy;
II, described DHT-MAP mapping server receive mirrored storage I/O request, according to described object identity, differentiate object memory node, carry out route locating and be forwarded to described cluster management server, described cluster management server is forwarded to object memory node by I/O request, storage that described object memory node is rolled up template and snapped volume is classified;
Described DHT-MAP mapping server forms local mirrored storage information updating super ring to described cluster management server;
III, described cluster management server receive the information of described DHT-MAP server, by chord algorithm, information are synchronized to object cluster management server, described local cluster server buffer backup information.
Further, the distribute work of described virtual machine image storage distribution system comprises the following steps:
Periodic synchronous global information between I, described cluster management server, just carries out data pre-fetching according to hot spot data frequency, shortens virtual machine deployment cycle in batches;
When II, plan machine are disposed, template volume buffer memory and snapped volume buffer memory on inquiry host, if hit, buffer memory is carried out in this locality; If do not hit, the test machine that need to dispose virtual machine sends the request of the necessary template volume data block of image starting to super node, by iSCSI agreement, to described object management server, read as required and start required data block, after data acquisition completes, in this locality, carry out buffer memory.
Further, in order to accelerate the efficiency of described system read block, described system adopts two-stage chord ring topology, and in cluster, all described DHT-MAP mapping servers form local ring or two-stage ring, and described DHT-MAP mapping server operates on all hosts.
Further, each cluster arranges described cluster management server, forms super node, and the cluster management server that is distributed in various places forms super ring or one-level ring by consistent hash algorithm;
Described super node is in charge of part ID space, by region, cuts apart ID identifier space, reduces route or inquiry time delay that the tortuous route of DHT algorithm causes.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the virtual machine that system of the present invention realizes distributed cross-region in batches, rapid deployment, solved legacy system and method dispose the virtual machine cycle long, cannot dynamic expansion, the problem such as availability is low.
2, system of the present invention adopts without center full symmetrical configuration, and without Single Point of Faliure, and memory capacity and performance can linear expansion.
3, system of the present invention adopts distributed structure/architecture, and storage and dissemination system adopt two-stage chord ring topology, has accelerated location and the router efficiency of data block.Wherein, in cluster, all DHT-MAP mapping servers form local ring or two-stage ring, and DHT-MAP mapping server operates on all hosts; Between cluster, each cluster arranges cluster management server, forms super node, and the cluster management server that is distributed in various places forms super ring or one-level ring by consistent hash algorithm.The route or the inquiry time delay that in order to reduce the tortuous route of DHT algorithm, cause, each super node is in charge of a part of ID space, conventionally according to region, carries out cutting apart of ID identifier space, and territorial scope and ID compass of competency overlap as far as possible.
4, system of the present invention adopts object storage server to complete mirror image data storage, by by all native object storage server nodes according to the local ring topology of chord Algorithm constitution, each host storage space of polymerization LAN (Local Area Network), forms the storage pool that template is rolled up (read-only) and snapped volume (read-write).Local first is preserved after mirror image copies, adopts consistance hash algorithm by cluster management server, mirror image copies to be saved on object memory node.
5, system of the present invention has realized data pre-fetching, classification buffer memory, the mechanism such as dynamic load as required, can just carry out data pre-fetching according to hot spot data frequency, after completing, data acquisition carries out buffer memory in this locality, during buffer memory, according to template volume buffer memory and snapped volume buffer memory, carry out respectively, during data acquisition by iSCSI agreement to object management server as required dynamic load start required data block, shorten the cycle that virtual machine is disposed in batches.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the workflow diagram of virtual machine image storage distribution system in the present embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the storage course of work process flow diagram of virtual machine image storage distribution system in the present embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the distribute work process flow diagram flow chart of virtual machine image storage distribution system in the present embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
The system that the invention provides a kind of virtual machine image storage distribution based on DHT (distributed hash tables) algorithm, this system will adopt without center full symmetrical configuration, and without Single Point of Faliure, and memory capacity and performance can be expanded in advance.
This system comprises cluster management server, operate in native object storage server on the test machine of distributed cloud computing platform, operate in the DHT-MAP mapping server on the test machine of distributed cloud computing platform and the QEMU piece that operates on the test machine of distributed cloud computing platform drives.This system can be carried out the operations such as the storage distribution, register update, routing inquiry of the data block of mirror image, by data pre-fetching, increment mirror image, read as required, the measure such as query optimization shortens the cycle that virtual machine is disposed in batches.
Test machine: test machine, for covering the Cloud Server node of national each province, comprises the virtual machine on host and host.
DHT-MAP mapping server: realize registration, route and inquiry that data block is obtained, management DHT-MAP mapping server node, surveys local failure/newly-increased node and report that node member changes.
Native object storage server: communicate by letter with described DHT-MAP mapping server, complete this locality storage of data, each host of polymerization LAN (Local Area Network) (being physical server) storage space, forms the storage pool that template is rolled up (read-only) and snapped volume (read-write); All native object storage server nodes are according to the local ring topology of chord Algorithm constitution.
QEMU piece drives: communicate by letter with described native object storage server, described QEMU piece drives for virtual machine image being divided into the data block object of fixed size; For example, fixed size is 4M.
Cluster management server: manage local DHT-MAP mapping server node member and other cluster management server node members, survey unsuccessfully/newly-increased node and report that node member changes, complete cluster management and message transmission, and obtain across the mirror image data piece between cluster, all cluster management server are according to the super ring topology of chord Algorithm constitution.
The present invention stores employing distributed storage, and according to distributed memory system CAP principle, consistance, availability and three demands of subregion fault-tolerance can meet at most two.For realizing, occurring in network interruption situation, separated system also can normally be moved, and requires system available at any time, and mirrored storage and dissemination system meet subregion fault-tolerance and availability.
The nerve of a covering that system of the present invention adopts is chord, belongs to a kind of in DHT algorithm, and master data is object, Global ID's unique identification of a 128bits for each object.Here, object size immobilizes, and by object identity, carries out read/write/establishment/operations such as deletion.
The storage work of virtual machine image storage distribution system comprises the following steps:
I, QEMU piece drive the data block object that virtual machine image is divided into fixed size, use hash algorithm formation object sign, by iSCSI agreement, described data block object and redundant copy thereof are stored into the system of virtual machine image storage distribution; If there is object management server in this locality, local cache mirror image data piece copy;
II, DHT-MAP mapping server receive mirrored storage I/O request, according to described object identity, differentiate object memory node, carry out route locating and be forwarded to described cluster management server, cluster management server is forwarded to object memory node by I/O request, on object memory node, by the storage of classifying of template volume and snapped volume; Meanwhile, the super ring that DHT-MAP forms local mirrored storage information updating to described cluster management server;
III, cluster management server receive the information of described DHT-MAP server, by chord algorithm, information are synchronized to object cluster management server, described local cluster server buffer backup information.
The distribute work of the system of virtual machine image storage distribution comprises the following steps:
Periodic synchronous global information between I, cluster management server, just carries out data pre-fetching according to hot spot data frequency, shortens virtual machine deployment cycle in batches;
When II, deploying virtual machine, first inquire about template volume buffer memory and snapped volume buffer memory on local host, if hit, carry out local cache; If do not hit, the test machine that need to dispose virtual machine sends the request of the necessary template volume data block of image starting to super node, by iSCSI agreement, to object management server, read as required and start required data block; After completing, data acquisition carries out buffer memory in this locality;
In native system, in order to accelerate to read as required location and the router efficiency of data block in process, storage and dissemination system adopt two-stage chord ring topology, and in cluster, all DHT-MAP mapping servers form local ring or two-stage ring, and DHT-MAP mapping server operates on all hosts; Each cluster arranges cluster management server, forms super node, and the cluster management server that is distributed in various places forms super ring or one-level ring by consistent hash algorithm.Each super node is in charge of a part of ID space, conventionally according to region, carries out cutting apart of ID identifier space, and territorial scope and ID compass of competency overlap as far as possible, reduces route or inquiry time delay that the tortuous route of DHT algorithm causes.In identifier space, node ID and object ID character are just the same.
As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is the workflow diagram of virtual machine image storage distribution system in the present embodiment; Virtual machine image storage distribution system adopts two-stage chord ring topology, and in cluster, all DHT-MAP mapping servers form local ring or two-stage ring, and DHT-MAP mapping server operates on all test machines.
Each cluster arranges cluster management server, forms super node, and the cluster management server that is distributed in various places forms super ring or one-level ring by consistance hash algorithm.
Each super node is in charge of a part of ID space, conventionally according to region, carries out cutting apart of ID identifier space, and territorial scope and ID compass of competency overlap as far as possible, reduces route or inquiry time delay that the tortuous route of DHT algorithm causes.In identifier space, node ID and object ID character are just the same.
In the present embodiment, virtual machine image storage distribution system has linear scalability, and new node adition process as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
I, node 15 should insert between node 13 and node 17, therefore, after node adds, need to revise the forerunner of node 17, change 15 into by original 13, also need the more descendant node of new node 13 simultaneously, and renewal process is similar;
The super node 20 report changes that II, node 17 form to cluster management server;
III, super node 20 upgrades finger table route entrys, by forerunner's information updating of node 17, and by original 17, changes 1, the finger table the of the finger table the second of node 11 and node 13 into 15;
IV, super node are noticed figner routing table update information to all cluster servers.
As shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is the storage course of work process flow diagram of virtual machine image storage distribution system in the present embodiment; In the present embodiment, the storage work of virtual machine image storage distribution system comprises the following steps:
I, QEMU piece driver are divided into fixed size (in this enforcement by the template volume of virtual machine and user volume (using blktrace monitoring tools can distinguish template volume and user volume), default size is 4M) data block object, be sent to native object management server;
II, Object Manager are each data block generation ID by consistance hash algorithm, and relevant information are sent to DHT-MAP mapping server with id information (comprising: ID, side-play amount, length, action type etc.) and data;
III, DHT-MAP mapping server receive the storage I/O request of native object manager, as shown in Figure 2, DHT-MAP mapping server 2 receives the storage I/O request of the data block that an ID is 17, first judge whether in 3 the ID spaces that can " see " of same cluster management server super node, if, directly by super node 3 redirects, issue on the DHT-MAP mapping server node of local ring, i.e. data block 4 and data block 6; If do not existed, in super ring, by chord method for routing, be forwarded to down hop---the super node 14 of the finger table sensing of super node 3, finger table by super node finds data block 17 within the scope of 20 ID that can " see " of super node, data block is transmitted to super node 20, and issues DHT-MAP mapping server 17 by the latter's one redirect;
IV, DHT-MAP mapping server 17 are transmitted to native object manager by storage resource request, by native object manager, are carried out at local write operation, complete storing process.
V, DHT-MAP mapping server form local mirrored storage information updating super ring to described cluster management server;
Cluster management server receives the information of described DHT-MAP server, by chord algorithm, information is synchronized to object cluster management server, described local cluster server buffer backup information.
As described in Figure 3, Fig. 3 is the distribute work process flow diagram flow chart of virtual machine image storage distribution system in the present embodiment; In the present embodiment, the distribute work of virtual machine image storage distribution system comprises the following steps:
I, the test machine that need to dispose virtual machine are initiated the request of obtaining of templates volume data blocks to super node 14, this data block is the necessary data block of image starting, in request, comprise following information < object identity ID, side-play amount, length, action type >, in the present embodiment, action type is for reading, and length is 4M;
II, super node 14 receive after the solicited message from node 10, in super ring, according to consistance hash algorithm, request is carried out in identifier space to routing forwarding according to object identity ID, according to finger table, find from next nearest node 20 of data block memory node, and application is forwarded to super node 20;
The finger table that III, super node 20 inquiries are own, finds that node 17 is within the scope of own the ID that can " see ", and a direct jumping forwards the request to node 17;
Between IV, node 10 and node 17, by iSCSI agreement, directly transmit data, complete the loading procedure of node 10 template volume data;
V, node 10 obtain user data according to above-mentioned identical mode from node 6 and load, and finally complete the complete distribution of virtual machine image, and deploying virtual machine process completes;
On VI, node, adopt flash cache group mode to realize the buffer memory of template volume data and user volume data.Here used flash cache technology, adopted device mapper framework to realize a plurality of block devices are invented to one with the block device of buffer memory, for local data block cache.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to above-described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify or be equal to replacement the specific embodiment of the present invention, and do not depart from any modification of spirit and scope of the invention or be equal to replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a virtual machine image storage distribution system, is characterized in that: described system comprises cluster management server and the native object storage server, DHT-MAP mapping server and the QEMU piece that operate on the test machine of distributed cloud computing platform drive.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described DHT-MAP mapping server, for obtaining data block, carries out the module of registration, route and the inquiry of described data block;
Described native object storage server is communicated by letter with described DHT-MAP mapping server, and described object storage server is for the storage pool of local storage data, each host storage space of polymerization LAN (Local Area Network), composition template volume and snapped volume;
Described QEMU piece drives and communicates by letter with described native object storage server, and described QEMU piece drives for virtual machine image being divided into the data block object of fixed size;
Described cluster management server is used for realizing cluster management and message transmission, and obtains across the mirror image data piece between cluster.
3. system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described cluster management server is according to the super ring topology of chord Algorithm constitution, and described object storage server is according to the local ring topology of chord Algorithm constitution.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the storage work of described virtual machine image storage distribution system comprises the following steps:
I, described QEMU piece drive the data block object that virtual machine image is divided into fixed size, use consistance hash algorithm formation object sign, by iSCSI agreement, store described data block object and redundant copy thereof into described virtual machine image storage distribution system; If there is object management server in this locality, local cache data block copy;
II, described DHT-MAP mapping server receive mirrored storage I/O request, according to described object identity, differentiate object memory node, carry out route locating and be forwarded to described cluster management server, described cluster management server is forwarded to object memory node by I/O request, storage that described object memory node is rolled up template and snapped volume is classified;
Described DHT-MAP mapping server forms local mirrored storage information updating super ring to described cluster management server;
III, described cluster management server receive the information of described DHT-MAP server, by chord algorithm, information are synchronized to object cluster management server, described local cluster server buffer backup information.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the distribute work of described virtual machine image storage distribution system comprises the following steps:
Periodic synchronous global information between I, described cluster management server, just carries out data pre-fetching according to hot spot data frequency, shortens virtual machine deployment cycle in batches;
When II, plan machine are disposed, template volume buffer memory and snapped volume buffer memory on inquiry host, if hit, buffer memory is carried out in this locality; If do not hit, the test machine that need to dispose virtual machine sends the request of the necessary template volume data block of image starting to super node, by iSCSI agreement, to described object management server, read as required and start required data block, after data acquisition completes, in this locality, carry out buffer memory.
6. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in order to accelerate the efficiency of described system read block, described system adopts two-stage chord ring topology, in cluster, all described DHT-MAP mapping servers form local ring or two-stage ring, and described DHT-MAP mapping server operates on all hosts.
7. the system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: each cluster arranges described cluster management server, forms super node, and the cluster management server that is distributed in various places forms super ring or one-level ring by consistent hash algorithm;
Described super node is in charge of part ID space, by region, cuts apart ID identifier space, reduces route or inquiry time delay that the tortuous route of DHT algorithm causes.
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