CN104049348A - Spherical reflection type coronagraph - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种球面反射式日冕仪，属于日冕仪技术领域。解决了现有技术中日冕仪结构复杂、存在渐晕和色差的技术问题。该日冕仪包括主物镜、次镜、成像镜、平面镜、第一光阑、第二光阑和CCD探测器，太阳光球层光线和日冕区域光线经第一光阑后，入射至主物镜，并经主物镜反射至次镜，太阳光球层光线被次镜的开孔遮挡，日冕区域光线依次经次镜、成像镜反射后，穿过第二光阑至平面镜，再经平面镜偏折至CCD探测器上成像，太阳光球层光线照射到第一光阑边缘产生的衍射光线依次经主物镜、次镜、成像镜反射后，被第二光阑遮挡。该日冕仪没有色差的影响，可进行多波段工作，有效抑制了反射日冕仪的杂散光，结构简单，减少了日冕仪的几何尺寸。
The invention discloses a spherical reflective coronagraph, which belongs to the technical field of coronagraphs. The technical problems of complex coronagraph structure, vignetting and chromatic aberration in the prior art are solved. The coronagraph includes a main objective lens, a secondary mirror, an imaging mirror, a plane mirror, a first aperture, a second aperture and a CCD detector. The light from the solar photosphere and the coronal region enters the main objective lens after passing through the first aperture. And reflected by the main objective lens to the secondary mirror, the light in the photosphere of the sun is blocked by the opening of the secondary mirror, and the light in the coronal area is reflected by the secondary mirror and the imaging mirror in turn, passes through the second diaphragm to the plane mirror, and then is deflected by the plane mirror to Imaging on the CCD detector, the light from the photosphere of the sun hits the edge of the first aperture, and the diffracted light is reflected by the main objective lens, secondary mirror, and imaging mirror in turn, and then blocked by the second aperture. The coronagraph has no influence of chromatic aberration, can work in multiple bands, effectively suppresses stray light reflecting the coronagraph, has a simple structure, and reduces the geometric size of the coronagraph.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种球面反射式日冕仪，属于日冕仪技术领域。The invention relates to a spherical reflective coronagraph, which belongs to the technical field of coronagraphs.
背景技术Background technique
太阳日冕成像观测是空间天气预报的重要手段之一。对于日冕成像，最大困难是日冕的亮度相对于太阳光球层和色球层来说极为微弱，因此日冕仪的设计需要重点考虑日面照射到仪器上所引起的入瞳边缘衍射和主镜面自身散射的问题。现有技术中，日冕仪的结构主要有两种：一种是采用反射镜和透射镜相结合的离轴结构，另一种是采用多片透镜外部遮光和内部遮光相结合结构，但是，这两种结构都较为复杂，同时存在渐晕和色差问题，加工和研制较为困难。Solar corona imaging observation is one of the important means of space weather forecasting. For corona imaging, the biggest difficulty is that the brightness of the corona is extremely weak compared to the photosphere and chromosphere of the sun. Therefore, the design of the coronagraph needs to focus on the entrance pupil edge diffraction caused by the sun shining on the instrument and the primary mirror itself. The problem of scattering. In the prior art, there are mainly two structures of coronagraphs: one is an off-axis structure that uses a combination of reflectors and transmission mirrors, and the other is a structure that uses a combination of external and internal light shielding with multiple lenses. However, this Both structures are relatively complex, and there are problems of vignetting and chromatic aberration at the same time, and it is difficult to process and develop.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中日冕仪结构复杂、存在渐晕和色差的技术问题，提供一种球面反射式日冕仪。The object of the present invention is to solve the technical problems of complex structure, vignetting and chromatic aberration in the prior art, and provide a spherical reflective coronagraph.
本发明的球面反射式日冕仪，包括主物镜、次镜、成像镜、平面镜、第一光阑、第二光阑和CCD探测器；The spherical reflective coronagraph of the present invention comprises a main objective lens, a secondary mirror, an imaging mirror, a plane mirror, a first aperture, a second aperture and a CCD detector;
所述次镜中心开孔，开孔半径为式中，k是日冕仪的视场内边缘与太阳张角的比值，R是太阳半径，d是太阳到日冕仪工作位置的距离，f1是主物镜1的焦距，r1是主物镜在次镜上的像点半径；A hole is opened in the center of the secondary mirror, and the radius of the hole is In the formula, k is the ratio of the inner edge of the field of view of the coronagraph to the sun's opening angle, R is the radius of the sun, d is the distance from the sun to the working position of the coronagraph, f 1 is the focal length of the main objective lens 1, r 1 is the main objective lens at image point radius on the secondary mirror;
太阳光球层光线和日冕区域光线经第一光阑后，入射至主物镜，并经主物镜反射至次镜，太阳光球层光线被次镜的开孔遮挡，日冕区域光线先经次镜反射至成像镜，然后经成像镜反射，穿过第二光阑至平面镜，最后经平面镜偏折至CCD探测器上成像；After passing through the first aperture, the light from the photosphere of the sun and the light from the coronal area enters the main objective lens and is reflected to the secondary mirror by the primary objective lens. It is reflected to the imaging mirror, then reflected by the imaging mirror, passes through the second aperture to the plane mirror, and finally is deflected by the plane mirror to the CCD detector for imaging;
所述太阳光球层光线照射到第一光阑边缘产生的衍射光线，依次经主物镜、次镜、成像镜反射后，被第二光阑遮挡。The diffracted light produced by the solar photosphere light irradiating on the edge of the first aperture is sequentially reflected by the main objective lens, the secondary mirror, and the imaging mirror, and then blocked by the second aperture.
进一步的，所述第二光阑为里奥光阑。Further, the second aperture is a Leo aperture.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明的日冕仪采用全反射式结构，没有色差的影响；可以进行多波段工作；有效抑制了反射日冕仪的杂散光；降低了加工和研制的难度，结构简单，减少了日冕仪的几何尺寸。The coronagraph of the present invention adopts a total reflection structure without the influence of chromatic aberration; it can work in multiple bands; effectively suppresses the stray light of the reflected coronagraph; reduces the difficulty of processing and development, has a simple structure, and reduces the geometric size of the coronagraph .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明球形反射式日冕仪的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of spherical reflective coronagraph of the present invention;
图2为本发明球形反射式日冕仪的轴上近似示意图；Fig. 2 is an approximate schematic diagram on the axis of a spherical reflective coronagraph of the present invention;
图中，M1、主物镜，M2、次镜，M3、成像镜，M4、平面镜，A0、第一光阑，A1、第二光阑。In the figure, M1, the main objective lens, M2, the secondary mirror, M3, the imaging mirror, M4, the plane mirror, A0, the first aperture, A1, the second aperture.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图，对本发明的日冕仪做进一步详细说明。The coronagraph of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明的球面反射式日冕仪，包括主物镜M1、次镜M2、成像镜M3、平面镜M4、第一光阑A0、第二光阑A1和CCD探测器。其中，主物镜M1、次镜M2和成像镜M3均为球面反射镜，主物镜M1、次镜M2和成像镜M3离轴设置；次镜M2中心开孔，开孔半径式中，k是日冕仪设计要求的视场内边缘与太阳张角的比值，R是太阳的半径，d是太阳到日冕仪工作位置的距离，f1是主物镜M1的焦距，r1是主物镜M1在次镜M2上的像点半径。主物镜M1的主要作用是将经第一光阑A0入射的太阳光球层光线和日冕区域光线成像在次镜M2上，以减少日冕仪视场内侧的渐晕；次镜M2作为场镜，主要作用是遮挡日冕仪视场中心的太阳光球层光线，并将日冕区域光线反射至成像镜M3；成像镜M3的主要作用是将日冕区域光线最终成像在CCD探测器的像面上，并配合主物镜M1和次镜M2将第一光阑A0成像在第二光阑A1上；平面镜M4不参与成像，主要作用是将日冕区域光线偏折至CCD探测器，减少日冕仪的几何尺寸；第一光阑A0对视场进行限制，遮挡外部杂光进入；第二光阑A1为里奥光阑，用于遮挡太阳光球层光线在照射第一光阑A0时，在第一光阑A0边缘产生的衍射光线；CCD探测器将入射其像面的日冕区域光线成像，CCD探测器的种类根据工作的波段和分辨率选择。本发明日冕仪的内壁材料为高吸收率材料。As shown in FIG. 1 , the spherical reflective coronagraph of the present invention includes a main objective lens M1 , a secondary mirror M2 , an imaging mirror M3 , a plane mirror M4 , a first aperture A0 , a second aperture A1 and a CCD detector. Among them, the main objective lens M1, the secondary mirror M2 and the imaging mirror M3 are all spherical mirrors, the main objective lens M1, the secondary mirror M2 and the imaging mirror M3 are set off-axis; the secondary mirror M2 has a hole in the center, and the opening radius In the formula, k is the ratio of the inner edge of the field of view required by the design of the coronagraph to the sun’s opening angle, R is the radius of the sun, d is the distance from the sun to the working position of the coronagraph, f 1 is the focal length of the main objective lens M1, and r 1 is The image point radius of the main objective lens M1 on the secondary mirror M2. The main function of the main objective lens M1 is to image the solar photosphere light and coronal area light incident through the first aperture A0 on the secondary mirror M2, so as to reduce the vignetting inside the coronagraph field of view; the secondary mirror M2 acts as a field mirror, The main function is to block the solar photosphere light in the center of the coronagraph field of view, and reflect the light in the coronal area to the imaging mirror M3; the main function of the imaging mirror M3 is to finally image the light in the coronal area on the image surface of the CCD detector, and Cooperate with the main objective lens M1 and the secondary mirror M2 to image the first aperture A0 on the second aperture A1; the plane mirror M4 does not participate in the imaging, and its main function is to deflect the light in the coronal region to the CCD detector and reduce the geometric size of the coronagraph; The first aperture A0 limits the field of view and blocks the entry of external stray light; the second aperture A1 is a Leo aperture, which is used to block the photosphere light from the sun when it illuminates the first aperture A0. The diffracted light generated by the edge of A0; the CCD detector images the coronal area light incident on its image plane, and the type of CCD detector is selected according to the working wavelength band and resolution. The inner wall material of the coronagraph of the present invention is a material with high absorption rate.
本发明的球面反射式日冕仪的光路走向：The optical path trend of the spherical reflective coronagraph of the present invention:
(1)太阳光球层光线进入日冕仪，经第一光阑A0后入射主物镜M1，主物镜M1将太阳光球层光线成像到次镜M2上，一方面，日冕仪视场中心的太阳光球层光线，经过主物镜M1的反射后，聚焦到次镜M2的中心部位，次镜M2的开孔对日冕仪视场中心的太阳光球层光线进行遮挡，另一方面，太阳光球层光线照射到第一光阑A0边缘会产生衍射光线，该衍射光线经次镜M2反射到成像镜M3，再经成像镜M3反射至第二光阑A1，最后被第二光阑A1遮挡；(1) The light from the photosphere of the sun enters the coronagraph, passes through the first aperture A0 and enters the main objective lens M1, and the main objective lens M1 images the light from the photosphere of the sun onto the secondary mirror M2. On the one hand, the sun in the center of the field of view of the coronagraph The light from the photosphere, after being reflected by the main objective lens M1, is focused to the center of the secondary mirror M2. When the first layer of light irradiates the edge of the first aperture A0, diffracted light will be generated, and the diffracted light will be reflected by the secondary mirror M2 to the imaging mirror M3, then reflected by the imaging mirror M3 to the second aperture A1, and finally blocked by the second aperture A1;
(2)日冕区域光线进入日冕仪，经第一光阑A0后入射主物镜M1，先经主物镜M1反射至次镜M2，然后经次镜M2反射至成像镜M3，再经成像镜M3反射，穿过第二光阑A1至平面镜M4，最后经平面镜M4偏折至CCD探测器上成像。(2) The light in the coronal area enters the coronagraph, enters the main objective lens M1 after passing through the first aperture A0, and is first reflected by the main objective lens M1 to the secondary mirror M2, then reflected by the secondary mirror M2 to the imaging mirror M3, and then reflected by the imaging mirror M3 , through the second aperture A1 to the plane mirror M4, and finally deflected by the plane mirror M4 to the CCD detector for imaging.
如图2所示，假设主物镜M1、次镜M2、成像镜M3的焦距分别为f1,f2,f3，本发明的球面反射式日冕仪用轴上近似计算，位置关系如下：As shown in Figure 2, assuming that the focal lengths of the main objective lens M1, the secondary mirror M2, and the imaging mirror M3 are respectively f 1 , f 2 , and f 3 , the spherical reflective coronagraph of the present invention is approximately calculated on the axis, and the positional relationship is as follows:
(1)第一光阑A0到主物镜M1的间距为l1＝f1；(1) The distance from the first diaphragm A0 to the main objective lens M1 is l 1 =f 1 ;
(2)主物镜M1到次镜M2的间距为l2＝f1；(2) The distance between the main objective lens M1 and the secondary mirror M2 is l 2 =f 1 ;
(3)次镜M2的外形半径次镜M2的开孔半径其中，k，k1分别是日冕仪的视场内外边缘与太阳张角的比值，R是太阳的半径，d是太阳到日冕仪工作位置的距离，r1是主物M1在次镜M2上的像点半径；(3) The external radius of the secondary mirror M2 Aperture radius of secondary mirror M2 Among them, k, k 1 are the ratios of the inner and outer edges of the coronagraph's field of view to the sun's aperture angle, R is the radius of the sun, d is the distance from the sun to the working position of the coronagraph, r 1 is the main object M1 on the secondary mirror M2 The image point radius;
(4)第二光阑A1的直径其中，D为A0的直径，其尺寸是由工作选择的曝光时间，分辨率来确定；(4) The diameter of the second aperture A1 Among them, D is the diameter of A0, and its size is determined by the exposure time and resolution selected by the work;
(5)成像镜M3到第二光阑A1的距离为 (5) The distance from the imaging mirror M3 to the second aperture A1 is
其他尺寸按照日冕仪要求的焦距进行调整。Other dimensions are adjusted according to the focal length required by the coronagraph.
显然，以上实施方式的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于所述技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。Apparently, the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention .
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Application publication date: 20140917 |