CN1040362C - Magnetic-leakage type speedometer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a magnetic leakage type velocity measuring device. The present invention is composed of a transformer, a self-induction coil, a magnetic wave grid mesh, a magnetic wave damping body, a magnetic leakage easy discharge region, a multilevel shielding case and a control circuit. When the present invention works, a weak magnetic leakage wave packet is formed in a multilevel shielding system, and the weak magnetic leakage wave packet strives to maintain the original position on the earth and is released through the magnetic leakage easy discharge region in an opposite direction to the system movement, so weak magnetic leakage waves of the transformer is increased, and the velocity of a movement carrier of the present invention can be obtained through measuring the increment of leakage magnetic flux collected in the self-induction coil. The present invention has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity, high response speed and small power consumption. The present invention provides a novel method and a novel device for automatic mobile velocity measurement.

Description

Magnetic-leakage type speedometer

The direct self-operated measuring unit of the speed that the invention belongs to.

Prior art medium velocity measuring method has: (1) contact: as contacting of wheel of the bus and ground, and the contacting of the contacting of the steamer and the water surface, aircraft and air.(2) emission receiving type: the frequency change of the radar wave reflection wave on the ground that its is launched as the aircraft reception is calculated the speed of aircraft, and the frequency change of the reflection wave of steamer its ultrasonic waves transmitted of reception on the seabed is calculated the speed of steamer.(3) coordinate setting formula: utilize the variation of land station or satnav to come measuring speed as aircraft, steamer, automobile.(4) angular acceleration accumulation formula: utilize platform gyroscope or piezoelectric jet rate sensor, optical circulator that the time integral effect of three dimensional angular acceleration is come computing velocity.

Above technology can be referring to following material: the super gift of " aviation outline " history National Defense Industry Press in July, 1978; Agriculture publishing house in September, 1980 is edited by " naval technology " fisheries school, Shandong Province; People's Transportation Press of automobile teaching and research group of " automobile construction " Jilin University of Science and Technology in April, 1976; " sensor application and circuit thereof are selected " Zhang Fuxue Electronic Industry Press in June, 1992.Their weak point is: (1) is subject to external influence though the contact structure is the simplest, as the switch of wheel of the bus, the influence of skidding in ground, as the influence of water speed, as influence of gas velocity etc.(2) though the emission receiving type is accurate, be subjected to the influence of firing attitude and face of land shape bigger.And the emission of radar needs high-power.Hyperacousticly transmit and receive the influence that is subjected to the depth of water, sensitivity is relatively poor.(3) though the accurate positioning of coordinate setting formula, instantaneous velocity can't be surveyed.General to know earlier just can directly measure instantaneous velocity after there have been tens synchronous satellites in the whole world in the future, but want COMPUTER CALCULATION, cost height in the present position and of controlling oneself with respect to the orientation of satellite.(4) though angular acceleration accumulation formula delicate structure, it resembles permanent being not related to the ship upper position gyro, perhaps provides original state, and wants COMPUTER CALCULATION, the cost height.

The objective of the invention is to design a kind of simple in structure, easy to use, be not subjected to ectocine during measurement, thereby the speed measuring instrumentation of measuring accuracy height, highly versatile.

The speed measuring instrumentation of the present invention's design is different from existing 4 kinds of metering systems, and it has adopted a kind of new metering system one magnetic-leakage type to measure, can be in inner its movement velocity of correct measurement of moving object.

Relatively etc. be illustrated the aspect with regard to the performance of structure, measuring principle, this knotmeter and the existing knotmeter of magnetic-leakage type speedometer below.

Speed instrument of the present invention is made up of following several sections: transformer, self-induction coil, magnetic wave aperture plate, magnetic wave damping body, leakage field are easily let out district, multistage shielding case, circuit board and control circuit and shell and panel on it.Fig. 1 is its structure and circuit block diagram.Among the present invention, the transformer that is made of coil i and silicon steel sheet j tightly is enclosed in the one-level shielding case F1, and one of the coil i of transformer aims at leakage field and easily lets out district D, and magnetic wave aperture plate B and self-induction coil A are aimed in the other end; Magnetic wave aperture plate B is in the center between one-level shielding case F1 and the self-induction coil A, magnetic wave damping body C is filled in the surrounding space of transformer and magnetic wave aperture plate, secondary shielding case F2 is-individual obturator, in transformer, magnetic wave aperture plate B, magnetic damping body C, self-induction coil A, circuit board E etc. are enclosed in; The outside of being close to secondary shielding case F2 is exhaustion layer G, and the outside of being close to exhaustion layer G is three cascade screen shell F3, but a top side do not seal, and constitutes leakage field and easily lets out district D.Here shielding case F1, F2, F3 available metal material, exhaustion layer G can adopt wood materials, and magnetic damping body C can adopt sponge.Magnetic wave aperture plate B is made up of 40～60 layers thin copper wire net.Inserting key H is fixed on above the circuit board E.

The function of each several part is as follows in the said structure, the silicon steel sheet j of transformer and coil i are the sources that is used for producing the main leakage ripple, the one-level layer covers shell F1 and plays the effect that stops and weaken this main leakage ripple, and itself produces behind the eddy current again the outside that rambling leakage field ripple is transmitted into one-level shielding case F1 simultaneously.Secondary shielding case F2 is further prevention, the effusion that weakens main leakage ripple and inferior leakage field ripple, and it produces new eddy current again and excites the inferior leakage field ripple that makes new advances simultaneously.Three cascade screen shell F3 have stoped main leakage ripple and time outside possibility of leakage field ripple escape basically.Exhaustion layer G falls the energy consumption of main leakage ripple that comes back reflective between secondary shielding case F2 and three cascade screen shell F3 and time leakage field ripple.Magnetic wave damping body C is abundant reflection and mixed in ten million aperture main leakage ripple and time leakage field ripple, has formed the ripple bag with stand-alone nature and big leakage field energy at last.Magnetic wave aperture plate B produces eddy current except meeting and excites time leakage field ripple, has played again to stop the variation of the main leakage ripple that enters self-induction coil A, thereby has made self-induction coil A that a stable signal be arranged.The ripple bag mutual restriction of the eddy current of one-level shielding case F1 and magnetic wave damping body C, and the eddy current mutual restriction of what and one-level shielding case F1 of the main leakage ripple of the silicon steel sheet j of transformer and coil i, apparent this restricting relation finally has influence on the size of the collected leakage field energy of self-induction coil A.It is in order to be surrounded by a channel direction that leak resistance is less to ripple when the system motion that leakage field is easily let out district D.

Functional block in the block scheme of Fig. 1 in the dotted line is represented to be included in the circuit board E, and the outer functional block of dotted line is represented to be connected on the external control panel.The direction of arrow has reflected the contact between the functional block.The output of amplifirer 20 enters into transformer, and the output one tunnel of transformer is received inspection width of cloth device 23, a tunnel and received on the power consumption resistance 2.Magnetic leakage signal enters common mode amplifier 21 by self-induction coil A, is shown by the ratio display at last.

Electronic circuit of the present invention is linked by following partial circuit and forms: circuit positive supply 1, ratio display 2, show with power supply 3, external positive source of stable pressure 4, limiter 5, follower 6, external negative source of stable pressure 7, wen-bridge oscillator 8, inspection width of cloth R-C circuit 9, in electric level compensator 10, circuit negative supply 11, inspection width of cloth amplitude stabilizer 12, power amplifier 13, power tube heating radiator 14, amplitude adjustment control 15, amplitude modulator 16, zeroing device 17, zeroing control 18, exothermic temperature ultramagnifier 19, power amplifier 20, common mode amplifier 21, Vib. 22, inspection width of cloth device 23, power consumption resistance 24.Its part drawing is provided by Fig. 2～Fig. 5, and they are followed successively by upper left, upper right, lower-left, the lower right-most portion of whole figure, and are as follows with the functional block contrast among Fig. 1:

Resistance 1R1～1R4, electric capacity 1C1～1C2 in the part drawing, potentiometer 1W1 and operational amplifier μ A741 circuit link and constitute Wen and shake and be full of device 8; Resistance 2R1～2R8, electric capacity 2C1-2C2, potentiometer 2W1, field effect transistor 2BG1, triode 2BG2 circuit link formation limiter 5; Garden bridge 3Z1, electric capacity 3C1, stabilivolt 3D1-3D2 circuit link formation inspection width of cloth amplitude stabilizer 12; Resistance 4R1～4R5, electric capacity 4C1-4C2, potentiometer 4W1 and operational amplifier μ A741 circuit link formation amplitude modulator 16; And wherein the effect of potentiometer 4W1 controls 15 corresponding to the amplitude of accommodation; Resistance 5R1-5R2, diode 5D1-5D2, large power triode 5BG1-5BG4 circuit link formation amplifirer 20; High-power resistance 5R3-5R6 circuit connects and composes the output work power consumption resistance 24 of transformer; Thermistor 5Rt is the feedback resistance 19 on the heating radiator, and garden bridge 6Z1, electric capacity 6C1, potentiometer 6W1, resistance 6R1 and reometer 6CA1 circuit link to constitute examines width of cloth device 23; Resistance OR1-OR2, electric capacity OC1～OC4, diode OD1～OD2 and integrated regulator 7815,7915 circuit connect and compose+15V ,-stabilized voltage supply 1 and the stabilized voltage supply 11 of 15V; Resistance 7R1～7R3, electric capacity 7C1～7C2 and operational amplifier LF356 circuit link formation common mode amplifier 21; Resistance 8R1～8R3, electric capacity 8C1～8C3, potentiometer 8W1, thermistor 8Rt and operational amplifier μ A741 circuit link formation zeroing device 17; And potentiometer 8W1 has played the zeroing effect, corresponding to functional block 18; Resistance 9R1～9R2, diode 2D1-2D2, large power triode 9BG1～9BG2 circuit link formation amplifirer 13, resistance 10R1～10R5, electric capacity 10C1～10C2, garden bridge 10Z1 and relay 10J1 circuit link to constitute examines width of cloth R-C circuit 9, the dry cell 135V that links to each other with relay 10J1 has played the effect of hanging level, corresponding to functional block 10; Resistance 11R1-11R2, electric capacity 11C1, stabilivolt 12D1-12D2 and voltage table 12V1 circuit link formation follower 6; Resistance 12R2-12R3, diode 12D3-12D4, reometer 12A1, digital voltmeter 12N1 and potentiometer 12W1, socket 12Q1 circuit link composition display 2; Resistance 13R1-13R3, electric capacity 13C1-13C2 and basic circuit 555 circuit link formation Vib. 22; External in addition+24V power supply 4, external-24V power supply 7, external+5V power supply 3.

Circuit theory of the present invention is described as follows:

(1) wen-bridge oscillator 8: make sine-wave oscillator with μ A741 amplifier, two feedback networks are wherein arranged, 1R1,1C1 and 1R2,1C2 constitute the positive feedback network, and 1R3 and 1R4 constitute negative feedback network.Have when satisfying oscillating condition:

f ₀=1/ (2 π RC) (when 1R1=1R2 1C1=1C2)

R4/(R3+R4)＝1/3

1R4/ among the design (1R3+1R4)=20/47＞1/3, and the effect of control oscillation amplitude is played in the adjusting of potentiometer 1W1, among the design:

f ₀＝l/(2π×30×10 ³×0.01×10 ^-6)＝530Hz

(2) limiter 5: control the situation in parallel to 1R4, stable sinusoidal wave oscillation amplitude with the conducting degree of 2BG1.Oscillation amplitude affacts the base stage of 2BG2 at the central point of potentiometer 2W1 by 2C2,2R8.Fail to make the base stage conducting of 2BG2 when the amplitude size, at this moment the grid potential of 2BG1 is positioned on the zero potential by 2R2, at this moment it conducting 2R1 is parallel on the 1R4,1R4 is diminished, negative feedback also diminishes, and oscillation amplitude is strengthened.When oscillation amplitude big to the base stage conducting that to a certain degree just can make 2BG2, at this moment the grid of 2BG1 acts on by 2BG2,2R7,2R4 on the dividing point of 2R5,2R6 and (7.5V), to make 2BG1 end, the parallel connection of 1R4 is act as zero, at this moment the negative feedback path is strengthened, and oscillation amplitude just reduces.Potentiometer 2W1 central point is regulated the effect of playing control and stable oscillation stationary vibration amplitude.2C1,2R2 charge and discharge 2BG1's

Electricity has played buffer action.

(3) inspection width of cloth voltage stabilizer 12: the output load of civilian third constellations oscillator is a bridge rectifier, and makes two shunt regulator tube DW231 reverse breakdown (about direct current 6V) together by the filtering of 3C1.At this moment make the output amplitude of civilian third constellations oscillator many, and be clamped to firmly about interchange 6V compared with not connecing the load reduction.

(4) amplitude modulator 16: be input to the end in the same way 3 of μ A741 after the dividing potential drop of output by 4R1,4R2 of civilian third constellations oscillator, at this moment enlargement factor equals 1+ ((C4R5+4W1)/4R3), and amplitude adjusted is controlled by potentiometer 4W1.

(5) amplifirer 20: the positive half cycle of power amplifier and negative half period are delivered to power tube 5BG1,5BG2 and 5BG3,5,BG4 two tunnel respectively, just can make the hear rate of power tube can reduce half, fallen at the end thermal drift.To be fixed on the input circuit that thermistor 5Rt on the heating radiator (temperature height, thermistor little) inserts device for bent pressure simultaneously and form compensation.Because 5R1 and 5R2, make the injection current that temperature is floated can not influence them yet much larger than the input impedance of 5BG1 and 5BG3.Here 5BG1,5BG2 constitute the follower of positive half cycle, and 5BG3,5BG4 constitute the follower of negative half period.5D1,5D2 are used for compensating the loss of the forward voltage of follower.

(6) inspection width of cloth device 23: the inspection width of cloth level Tc of transformer receives on the bridge rectifier of 6Z1, by 6C1 filtering, by the 6W1 dividing potential drop after 6R1 represent to 6CA1.

(7) common mode amplifier 21:LF356 amplifier input stage is imported by two field effect transistor common modes, and its input impedance is more much bigger than μ A741.Be suitable for input stage as self-induction coil A.Self-induction coil A one end ground connection, an end enter the end in the same way 3 of LF356 by electric capacity 7C1.The enlargement factor of common mode amplifier equals 1+ (7R3/7R1)

(8) amplitude modulator 17: the output of common mode amplifier enters the end in the same way 3 of μ A741 by 7C2, and at this moment enlargement factor equals 1+ ((8R3+8W1)/8R1), and amplitude adjusted is controlled by potentiometer 8W1.

(9) amplifirer 13:9BG1 makes positive half cycle and follows, and 9BG2 follows as negative half period.

(10) inspection width of cloth R-C circuit 9: the output stage Tp of transformer is through the 10Z1 bridge rectifier, again through 10C1,10R1,10C2 filtering.Here require under static state can obtain the DC potential of 135V for self-induction coil A.Time constant is by the long-pending decision of 10C2 and 10R2 in reaching, about 1 second.When K2 presses, 1,3 of K2 communicates, and 6,8 communicate, and the coil L2 of relay 10J1 is logical, and the conducting of the 10J1 just voltage of feasible-135V has connected; Continue to press K3,1,3 of K3 communicates, and 6,8 communicate, and makes dried electric 135V enter commutation system, the current potential of K3 has been descended-135V, will enter follower 6 by 11R1 then.

(11) DC level of follower 6:K3 enters 3 pin of follower μ A741 through 11R1, and the enlargement factor of follower equals 1, and the fluctuation of the output voltage of follower is level and smooth through 11R2 and 11C1's, and is shown by the voltage table of 12V1.

(2) the ratio display 2: when pressing K4,6,8 of K4 communicates, and the output of follower enters three half word display board UP5135 through 12R3 and potentiometer 12W1, because the resistance of 12CA1 reometer is about the 2K that 2.5K adds 12R2, amounts to about 4.5K.Intrinsic standoff ratio equals (internal resistance of 12R2+12CA1)/(12R3+12W1+12R2+12CA1 internal resistance)=4.5K/304K=1/67.5.(establish 12W1 and 12R3 resistance value and equal 300K.)

Make the full scale 200mv of UP5135 just be equivalent to the saturated output 13.5V of follower, at this moment the electric current of 12CA1 reometer is 13.5V/304K=45 μ A.1 μ A promptly represents to be equivalent to that output 0.3V is arranged on the follower.In order to make the follower input voltage be no more than 13.5V, used two DW231 of 12D1,12D2, they begin conducting when surpassing 13.5V.12D3 and 12D4 are used for protecting UP5135's (12N1).

When generally designing the maximum range of magnetic-leakage type speedometer, the recruitment of the magnetic leakage flux of collecting in self-induction coil is 1/10 of original amount, so the DC voltage of gained is+135V on 10C2 when stationary state, when dried electricity-135V enters system, at this moment follower 6 is output as zero.And when speed reaches maximum range, be increased to 148.5V by 135V at the voltage of 10C2, and make the output of follower 6 reach 13.5V simultaneously, at this moment demonstrate 45 μ A on the 12C1, demonstrate 200mv on the 12N1.Revise if the bigger movement velocity of reflection need only be done some to circuit form, promptly fall the DC voltage of the 135V that the end sets in inspection width of cloth R-C circuit 9, the corresponding voltage that falls end dry cell simultaneously, at this moment maximum recruitment can surpass 1/10 of original amount.

(13) Vib. 22: Vib. is to enter into transformer T ω 3. by 555 circuit, 3 pin by 13R3, makes the output voltage of amplifirer 20 have very brief the rocking of per second 4 times, observes its shaking amplitude by oscillograph and accounts for 1/15～1/20 of total amplitude.

The purpose of vibrating circuit is when magnetic-leakage type speedometer stops suddenly, makes to stay that unnecessary leakage field can be discharged to outside the three cascade screen shell F3 by vibration in the magnetic wave damping body, makes the very fast recovery of zeroing state.

The former measuring principle of the present invention is as follows:

As shown in Figure 1, the leakage field of transformer mainly by spilling on the silicon steel sheet j, secondly spills on coil groups i.Require the energy major part of input coil to be transformed into the ohmically heat energy of power consumption that output winding is born in the design, a minimum part consumes space around with the leakage field form, and some changes into the heat energy on silicon steel sheet j and the coil groups i.

When the leakage field magnetic line of force passes ground floor shielding case F1, on F1, can produce eddy current.The part of eddy current energy is transformed into the heat energy of shielding case, and another part is launched new electromagnetic wave again towards periphery.After the leakage field magnetic line of force passes F1, wherein a part pierces into magnetic wave aperture plate B again, the aperture plate of being made up of 50～60 layers of thin copper mesh has certain damping action by curtain reflection and eddy current dual mode to the leakage field magnetic line of force, and it has can revolt the trend that the leakage field magnetic line of force change of passing magnetic wave aperture plate B is big or diminish.The remainder of leakage field magnetic force has been subjected to the curtain reflection of the magnetic wave damping body C that is made up of compressed sponge or soft fibre cloth, make the magnetic line of force in a single day pierce into magnetic wave damping body C and just in hundreds of millions apertures, reflect, reached a purpose: promptly contained more magnetic energy in magnetic wave damping body C inside.

When passing magnetic wave damping body C, the leakage field magnetic line of force arrives on the second layer shielding case F2, a part is reflected back toward the magnetic wave damping body, and another part passes F2, produces new eddy current on F2, the part of eddy current energy is transformed into the heat energy of F2, and another part is launched more weak electromagnetic wave again.And the part of emission has been got back to magnetic wave damping body C.

The leakage field magnetic line of force that passes second layer shielding case F2 runs into thick the stopping of exhaustion layer G more than 1 centimeter that reach immediately.A little less than the leakage field magnetic line of force that passes exhaustion layer G has become quite, when it be mapped to the 3rd layer of shielding case F3 when going up major part be reflected back toward exhaustion layer G, and reflected by F2 ..., just reflect energy consumption G, F2, F3, on.The feasible like this magnetic energy that passes the leakage field of the 3rd layer of shielding case F3 has been far smaller than the leakage field energy of being contained in magnetic wave damping body C.

At leakage field discharge area D, generally have only second layer shielding case and exhaustion layer G, it does not have the 3rd layer of shielding case F3, makes that having formed leakage field in the D zone easily lets out the district.

Self-induction coil A is close to the inboard of second layer shielding case F2, its area is more bigger than magnetic wave aperture plate B, there are exhaustion layer G and the 3rd layer of shielding case F3 in its outside, the possibility that the leakage field magnetic line of force passes self-induction coil relatively has the position of the 3rd layer of shielding case big than other, because it also faces the normal direction of the silicon steel sheet j and the coil i of transformer.But all leakage field magnetic lines of force that passes self-induction coil all are subjected to the restriction of magnetic wave aperture plate B.

In sum, containing the interior energy of leakage field in total system, because it is produced by many-side, just can regard it as is a ripple bag, and it has in different zones weak distribution by force, but it has independence generally.

Studies show that, the leakage field of ripple bag can and the magnetic energy of transformer be in a kind of mobile equilibrium, the leakage field that contains the Tibetan when ripple is greatly the time, the silicon steel sheet j of transformer, coil i will spill magnetic energy and just run into bigger magnetic resistance; Otherwise, when ripple contain the Tibetan leakage field can hour, the silicon steel sheet j coil i of transformer will spill magnetic energy and just run into less magnetic resistance; Because the magnetic energy that transformer is contained is far longer than the leakage field energy that suitcase is contained, so can add to leakage field when going in the ripple bag very little very for a short time, generally the input of transformer, output voltage be may be controlled to a constant for this reason to the influence of transformer output power.

Know that by Doppler effect bolter and recipient's motion can not influence the original state of propagation.In native system, the bolter is the curtain reflection of eddy current on the eddy current of eddy current, magnetic wave aperture plate B on transformer silicon steel sheet j, coil i, the ground floor shielding case F1 and reflection, the second layer shielding case F2 and reflection, magnetic wave damping body C, and the recipient is self-induction coil A.When system quiescence, although being a rambling leakage field ripple from its inside, this ripple bag reflects in magnetic wave damping body C internal reflection with the light velocity, it is static with respect to bolter and recipient in general.When system motion, this ripple bag can be revolted the motion of system, and easily lets out outside district D or other aspect effusion systems by leakage field, and that makes every effort to reach ripple bag itself requires one to get back on its original residing position of the earth.

Can draw according to this trend of ripple bag: when the system of Fig. 2 travels forward, the leakage field of a part can be discharged to the rear side of self-induction coil A by magnetic wave aperture plate B, self-induction coil A, second layer shielding case F2, exhaustion layer G, the 3rd layer of shielding case F3 in the ripple bag, when system moved backward, the leakage field of a part can easily be let out by leakage field and distinguish D and promptly pass second layer shielding case F2, exhaustion layer G and directly spill in the ripple bag; When system during to left movement, the leakage field of a part can be discharged to by second layer shielding case F2, exhaustion layer G, the 3rd layer of shielding case F3 and go on the right of the system in the ripple bag; When system moved right, the leakage field of a part can be discharged to the system left side and go by second layer shielding case F2, exhaustion layer G, the 3rd layer of shielding case F3 in the ripple bag.And the like, when system when any direction moves, a part of leakage field can discharge to the opposite direction of system motion in the ripple bag.But the effusion resistance difference of leakage field in different directions is so the actual quantity that spills is not identical entirely yet.

In order to make the leakage field magnetic line of force can not wear the 3rd layer of shielding case F3, the power of transformer is generally less than 1 watt, and the rated power of transformer itself is 50 watts to 100 watts, makes transformer be in the friction state of ultralow load condition and silicon steel sheet j.

The leakage field energy that the magnetic energy of containing in the transformer is generally contained in the magnetic wave damping body C, farther greater than the leakage field magnetic energy of being contained in the self-induction coil.

This knotmeter compares with the performance of existing knotmeter, is divided into three kinds of situations:

(1) measuring vehicle speed.The speedometer of measuring vehicle speed rotates the rotation of axletree by the permanent magnet that flexible pipe drives speedometer, the pointer movable disk of permanent magnet top has produced eddy current, the effect of eddy current and permanent magnet makes pointer movable disk twisting hairspring spring and makes the pointer rotating certain angle, the speedometer end product is a mechanical quantity, unsuitable digitizing, pointer shakiness when the speed of a motor vehicle is slow, precision are not high yet.If use magnetic-leakage type speedometer, the result is an electrical quantities, and digitizing easily can show that behind the compartment car ratio of precision speedometer is high one to two simultaneously.

(2) ship tests the speed.The ship available sonar velograph that tests the speed, the wind speed velograph, they are subject to external interference, if with satellite navigation, radar navigation, Ao Kabiao, use complicatedly, and need computing machine.If use magnetic-leakage type speedometer. rate accuracy has been pointed out one to two, and 0.2 meter per second is brought up in sensitivity, and the end falls in cost, and it is usefulness in the room of ship, electric power storage, do electricity, civil power is all available.

(3) aircraft tests the speed.The aircraft methods such as available pitot meter, radar, gyro that test the speed, pitot meter need be corrected.Additive method feelings degree is not high yet.If use magnetic-leakage type speedometer, as long as the frequency of transformer is accelerated, ripple packet length lengthening just can be adapted to survey high-speed motion, can obtain very high-precision electrical quantities, and it can be high one to two than the precision of pitot meter, and cost reduces greatly.If use three magnetic-leakage type speedometers, measure the speed of three different directions respectively, can further perform an analysis to flight attitude.

In addition, magnetic-leakage type speedometer is suitable for testing the speed of other mobile objects.

Embodiment:

Coiling about transformer:

Transformer is 1.: Ta (positive half cycle input): Tb (negative half period input): Tc (output of the inspection width of cloth): Th (output of boosting) :=160 circles ( 0.03mm): 160 circles ( 0.30mm): 400 enclose ( 0.20mm): 14400 enclose ( 0.11mm)

When work: Va=4V (half cycle) Vb=4V (half cycle)

Vc=7V (full week) Vh=250V (full week)

Transformer is 2.:

Tm (positive half cycle input): Tn (negative half period input): Tp (output of boosting)=130 circle: 130 circles: 1500 circles

Rm (Tm internal resistance): Rn (Tn internal resistance): Rp (Tp internal resistance)=41 Ω: 46 Ω: 400 Ω

Transformer is 3.:

TE (input): TF (output): Tw (vibration input)=350 circles: 960 circles: 10 circles

RE (TE internal resistance): Rw (TF internal resistance): Rw (TU internal resistance)=120 Ω: 260 Ω: 30 Ω

Transformer is 4.:

Tu (input): Tv (output)=300 circle: 1100 circles, Ru (Tu internal resistance): Rv (Tv internal resistance)=95 Ω: 300 Ω.

Number of turns error range is 1%.Transformer 2., 3., 4. winding wire directly is  0.11mm.

Transformer 2., 3., silicon steel sheet size 4. and coil rack sectional dimension such as Fig. 6 (a) and Fig. 6 (b), the bottom width a6 of silicon steel sheet is 34mm, the wide b6 of side is 5mm, the wide d6 of intermediate projections is 8mm, the high e6 of side is 25mm, and the long h6 of coil rack is 30mm, and wide i6 is 22mm, the long j6 of inner core is 11mm, and inner width k6 is 8.1mm.Error range is 1%.

The physical dimension design of hardware components of the present invention is as follows:

Divide three part explanations, first is the structure of transformer, one-level shielding case F1, magnetic wave aperture plate B, self-induction coil A, and second portion is the outward appearance general picture, and third part is the lead-in wire of circuit board E.

(1) transformer silicon steel sheet j 1. is medium-sized, shape such as Fig. 7, and it is combined into by two " mountain " shapes, and purpose is the length of flow of lengthening magnetic flux in silicon steel sheet.Concrete size is as follows: half length a1 is 57.0mm, and limit thickness b1 is 14.0mm, and middle former degree e1 is 27.0mm, and width j1 is 85.00mm, and its error range allows 1%.

The framework of the twin coil i of transformer is sticked into by insulcrete, shape such as Fig. 8, and wherein high a2 is 85.0mm, and the wide b2 of inwall is 28.0mm, and the long c2 of inwall is 35.0mm, and hem width e2 is 13.8mm, and length of side d2 is 14.0mm, and the thick f2 in limit is 2.0～1.5mm.Its error range allows 1%.

Transformer Ta, Tb, Tc, Th 1. is exactly on this skeleton in Fig. 3, they all be half on one group of coil groups, second half is on another group coil groups, and is and from beginning to end.

The frame that compresses of coil i, silicon steel sheet j is made by the aluminium sheet of former 3mm ± 0.1mm, and lead plate, angle-iron frame as shown in Figure 9, compress frame housing size 114mm * 85mm with 4 long screws ( 4mm), inside casing 87mm * 58mm, and error is 1mm.

One-level shielding case F1 is made by aluminium sheet, structure such as Figure 10.It divides a loam cake and a following two parts to combine.Its outer wide a3 is 7.8cm, and foreign minister b3 is 9.4cm, and outer high c3 is 12.8cm, and the thick d2 of aluminium sheet is 1mm, and error is 1%.Transformer is to be fixed on down on the seat by four short screws, and the lead-in wire of transformer enters from two lead-in wire seams.Loam cake is tightened with following fixing being tightened up a screw by four holes of e3.

Magnetic wave aperture plate B skeleton structure such as Figure 11, it is fixedly formed by stainless steel wire, and wide a4 is 3cm, and long b4 is 10cm, and high c4 is 10cm, and silk footpath  e4 is 2.5～3.5mm, and error is 1mm, also has two earrings to be fixed on the base.The first step is earlier with aperture 0.6～0.8mm in two steps for thin copper wire net fixing, and four of the copper mesh of thick 0.4～0.5mm are fixed on the corresponding framework, and second step is the same thin copper mesh that folds layer by layer till the jam-pack, about totally five ten layers.

The square skeleton structure of self-induction coil A as shown in figure 12, its length of side a5 is 11cm ± 0.1cm, it is sticked into by the flute profile batten, its cross section length is 13., 5mm, wide be 7.5mm, trough rim is long to be 4mm, groove depth is 3.5mm, bottom land is wide to be 4mm, error is 1mm.Self-induction coil A by the enameled wire of  0.11mm in groove around drawing again behind 320 ± 5 circles.Be stained with the base plank that has 2 apertures after winding again, be fixed on the pedestal together by 2 Kong Ketong magnetic wave aperture plates.

(2) outward appearance general picture

Figure 13 and Figure 14 are respectively before this knotmeter is opened and the front elevation after opening.The leakage field chamber of holding concurrently, 1A-display room storage in the drawings, 2A-amplitude modulation chamber, the 3A-chamber of returning to zero, 4A-does electric chamber, 5A-power house, 6A-12CA1 (61C1-A type ± 50 μ A table), 7A-K2, the 8A-light emitting diode, 9A-12N1 (three halves of UP5135 show plate), 10A-4W1,11A-K1,12A-fuse 1A, 13A-leakage field hole, 14A-K3,15A-6CA1 (8,5C1 50 μ A table), 16A-12V1 (91C16 voltage table), 17A-K4,18A-12W1,19A-8W1,20A-output cable seat, 21A-5R3-5R6,22A-WYJ-30V12A transistor DC source of stable pressure, the 23A-+5V D.C. regulated power supply, 24A-socket, its width are 400mm, highly are 700mm (Lower Half)+220mm (first half).Error 2mm.

(3) lead-in wire of circuit

The domain explanation of P.e.c. face of weld is omited, and inserting key H is 30 keys, as Figure 15, inserts key H and divides end key and slotting key two parts, and end key is fixed on the printed circuit board, and the slotting external target of key is as follows:

The A1 sky.A2 connects K1's+24V, company 5BG1,5BG2,9BG1+24V.A3 connects K1's-24V, company 5BG3,5BG4,9BG2-24V.A4 connect K2 3.+5V, connect K3 4., the 5V of 12W1 etc.A5 meets 5Rt.A6 meets 5Rt2.A7 meets the utmost point b of 5BG1.A8 meets the base stage b of 5BG3.A9 connects the emitter e of 5BG2, connects transformer Ta 1..A0 connects the emitter e of 5BG4, connects transformer 1.) Tb.6. B1 meets K4, connects ten ends of 12V1.B2 connects 4W1 potentiometer center.B3

Connect 4W1 potentiometer (making ascending clockwise).B4 connects the 50 μ A table of 6CA1.B5 connects the 50 μ A table of 6CA1.8. B6 meets K3, connects relay 10J1.6. B7 meets K3.B8

Meet K3 1..3. B9 meets K3.Meet transformer Tw 3. in the B0.C1 ground connection, company's transformer is ground, the company's secondary shielding case of Ta, Tb 1..The ground of the ground of power supply+5V, the ground of 12N1,6CA1 etc.C2 meets transformer Tc 1..C3 meets transformer Tc 1..Connect the emitter e of 9BG1 under the C4.Connect the emitter e of 9BG2 under the C5.Meet the base stage b of 9BG1 under the C6.Meet the base stage b of 9BG2 under the C7.C8 connects 8W1 potentiometer (making ascending clockwise).C0 connects 12W1 potentiometer center.

Between chamber and chamber, go between and connect by perforate.

The electronic circuit of this speed instrument is pressed Fig. 2～Fig. 5 design, and its components and parts select for use specification as shown in the table:

Element	Specification	Scope	Element	Specification	Scope	Element	Specification	Scope
									OD1	2CZ3B	Withstand voltage 100V	1R3	RJ-0.25-27K	±1％	2R6	RJ-0.25-2.2K	±5％
OD2	2CZ38B	Withstand voltage 100V	1R4	RJ-0.25-20K	±1％	2R7	RJ-0.25-300	±5％
									OR1	RX-2-500	±5％	1C1	0.01μ	±1％	2R8	RJ-0.25-30K	±5％
OR2	X-2-500	±5％	1C2	0.01μ	±1％	2C1	1μ	Ceramics
									CO1	200μ	Withstand voltage 50V	1W1	WSI	4.7K	2C2	1μ	Ceramics
OC2	200μ	Withstand voltage 50V	2R1	RJ-0.25-30K	±5％	2W1	WSI	47K
									OC3	1μ	Ceramics	2R2	RJ-0.25-10K	±5％	2BG1	3DJ3B
OC4	1μ	Ceramics	2R3	RJ-0.25-100K	±5％	2BG2	C1815	β＝50-100
									1R1	RJ-0.25-30K	±1％	2R4	RJ-0.25-10K	±5％	3ZI	WO4	Withstand voltage 100V
IR2	RJ-0.25-30K	±％	2R5	RJ-0.25-2 2K	±5％	3CI	200μ	Withstand voltage 25V

Element	Specification	Scope	Element	Specification	Scope	Element	Specification	Scope
									3D1	DW231		5Rt	68Ω	And (4 strings, 4 strings)	5R4	RX-20-39K RX-100-39K	±5％
3D2	DW231		5R1	RJ-0.25-30K	±5％	5R5	RX-20-39K RX-100-39K	±5％
									4R1	RJ-0.25-1K	±5％	5R2	RJ-0.25-30K	±5％	6R6	RX-20-39K RX-100-39K	±5％
4R2	RJ-0.25-1K	±5％	5D1	2CZ83B	Withstand voltage 100V	6Z1	W04	Withstand voltage 100V
									4R3	RJ-0.25-10K	±5％	5D2	2CZ83B	Withstand voltage 100V	6C1	200μ	50V
4R4	RJ-0.25-10K	±5％	5BG1	TIP33C	β＝50-150	6W1	WS1	47K
									4R5	RJ-0.25-1K RJ-0.25-2K	±5％	5BG2	TIP33C	β＝50-150	6R1	RJ-0.25-100K	±5％
4W1	WXD2-13	4.7K	5BG3	TIP34C	β＝50-150	6CA1	50 μ A table
									4C1	1μ	Ceramics	5BG4	TIP34C	β＝50-150	7R1	RJ-0.25-7.5K	±1％
4C2	1μ	Ceramics	5R3	RX-20-39K RX-100-39K	±5％	7R2	RJ-0.25-7.5K	±1％
									7R3	RJ-2-900K	±1％	8Rt	68Ω	And (4 strings, 4 Shens)	10R1	RJ-0.25-2K	±5％
7C1	1μ	Ceramics	9D1	2CZ83B	Withstand voltage 100V	10R2	RJ-0.25-50K	±5％
									7C2	1μ	Ceramics	9D2	2CZ83B	Withstand voltage 100V	10R3	RJ-0.25-1K	±5％
8R1	RJ-0.25-10K	-5％	9R1	RJ-0.25-7.5K	±5％	10R4	RJ-0.25-200	±5％
									8R2	RJ-0.25-10K	±5％	9R2	RJ-0.25-7.5K	±5％	10R5	RJ-0.25-200	In 5%
8R3	RJ-0.25-20K	±5％	9BG1	TI142	β＝200-1000	11R1	RJ-0.25-10K	±5％
									8W1	WXD3-13	22K	9BG2	TIP145	β＝200-1000	11R2	RJ-0.25-10K	±5％
8C1	1μ	Ceramics	10C1	22μ	Withstand voltage 160V	11C1	1μ	Ceramics
									8C2	330μ	Withstand voltage 35V	10C2	22μ	Withstand voltage 160V	12V1	The 20V table
9C3	330μ	Withstand voltage 35V	10Z1 10J1	Garden bridge W04 JRX-13F	Withstand voltage 200V starts pressure 5V	12R1	RJ-0.25-15K	±5％

Element	Specification	Scope	Element	Specification	Scope	Element	Specification	Scope
									12R2	RJ-0.25-2K	±5％	12CA1	± 50 μ A table		13R1	RJ＝0.25-300K	±5％
12R3	RJ-0.25-250K RJ-0.25-300K	±5％	12N1	UP5135	200MV	13R2	RJ-0.25-27K	±5％
									12W1	WXD3-13	47K	12Q1	Socket		13R3	RJ-0.25-100	±5％
12D1	DW231		12D3	2CZ83B	Withstand voltage 100V	13C1	0.01μ	Ceramics
									12D2	DW231		12D4	2CZ83B	Withstand voltage 100V	13C2	1μ	Ceramics

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention and circuit block diagram.Fig. 2～Fig. 5 is respectively upper left, upper right, lower-left, the lower right-most portion of circuit overall diagram of the present invention.Fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b) respectively transformer 2., 3., silicon steel sheet 4. and coil rack sectional view.Fig. 7 is a 1. silicon steel sheet structural drawing of transformer.Fig. 8 is the frame construction drawing of transformer twin coil i.Fig. 9 installs exploded view for transformer.Figure 10 is the exploded view of one-level shielding case F1.Figure 11 is the skeleton structure diagram of magnetic wave aperture plate B.Figure 12 is a self-induction coil A skeleton structure diagram.Figure 13 Figure 14 is respectively the forward and backward front elevation of this speed instrument panel opening, and Figure 15 is for inserting the external connection synoptic diagram of key H.Sign flag among Fig. 1～Fig. 5 is as follows:

A is a self-induction coil, and B is the magnetic wave aperture plate, and C is the magnetic wave damping body, and D is that leakage field is easily let out the district, and E is a circuit board, F1, F2, F3, is respectively one-level, secondary, three cascade screen shells, and G is an exhaustion layer, and H is for inserting key, and i is a transformer coil, and j is a transformer silicon steel sheet.1 circuit positive supply is generally+15V, 2 ratio displays, 3 show the power supply of usefulness, are generally+5V 4 external positive source of stable pressure, be generally+24V 5 limiters, 6 followers, 7 external negative source of stable pressure are generally-24V, 8 civilian third constellations oscillators, 9 inspection width of cloth R-C circuit, 10 in electric level compensator, is generally 135V, 11 circuit negative supplies are generally-15V, 12 inspection width of cloth amplitude stabilizers, 13 power amplifiers, 14 power tube heating radiators, 15 amplitude adjustment control, 16 amplitude modulators, 17 zeroing devices, 18 zeroing controls, 19 exothermic temperatures feedback, 20 power amplifiers, 21 common mode amplifiers, 22 Vib.s, 23 inspection width of cloth devices, 24 power consumption resistance.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of magnetic-leakage type speedometer, by transformer, self-induction coil, the magnetic wave aperture plate, the magnetic wave damping body, leakage field is easily let out the district, multistage shielding case, circuit board and on control circuit and shell and panel constitute, it is characterized in that the transformer of being made up of coil and silicon steel sheet tightly is enclosed in the one-level shielding case, aim at leakage field and easily let out the district for one of coil, magnetic wave aperture plate and self-induction coil are aimed in the other end, the magnetic wave aperture plate is in the center between one-level shielding case and the self-induction coil, the magnetic damping body is filled in the surrounding space of transformer and magnetic wave aperture plate, the secondary shielding case is an obturator, with transformer, the magnetic wave aperture plate, the magnetic damping body, self-induction coil, in circuit boards etc. are enclosed in, one deck exhaustion layer is close in the secondary shielding case outside, three cascade screen shells are close in the exhaustion layer outside, this above shielding case a side do not seal, constitute leakage field and easily let out the district, electronic circuit is linked by following partial circuit and forms: circuit positive supply 1, ratio display 2, show with power supply 3, external positive stabilized voltage supply 4, limiter 5, follower 6, external negative stabilized voltage supply 7, wen-bridge oscillator 8, inspection width of cloth R-C circuit 9, do electric level compensator 10, circuit negative supply 11, inspection width of cloth amplitude stabilizer 12, power amplifier 13, power tube heating radiator 14, amplitude adjustment control 15, amplitude modulator 16, zeroing device 17, zeroing control 18, exothermic temperature ultramagnifier 19, power amplifier 20, common mode amplifier 21, Vib. 22, inspection width of cloth device 23, power consumption resistance 24, wherein wen-bridge oscillator 8 is by resistance 1R1～1R4, electric capacity 1C1～1C2, potentiometer 1W1 and operational amplifier μ A741 circuit link formation, μ A741 makes sine-wave oscillator, 1R1,1C1 and 1R2,1C2 constitutes the positive feedback network, 1R3 and 1R4 constitute negative feedback network, limiter 5 is by resistance 2R1～2R8, electric capacity 2C1～2C2 potentiometer 2W1, field effect transistor 2BG1, triode 2BG2 circuit connects and composes, control situation in parallel with the conducting degree of 2BG1 to 1R4, stable sinusoidal wave oscillation amplitude, potentiometer 2W1 central point has been regulated the effect of control and stable oscillation stationary vibration amplitude, 2C1,2R2 plays buffer action to the charging of 2BG1, inspection width of cloth amplitude stabilizer 12 is by garden bridge 3Z1, electric capacity 3C1, stabilivolt 3D1～3D2 circuit links formation, the output load of wen-bridge oscillator is the stabilivolt reverse breakdown together that bridge rectifier and the filtering by 3C1 make two parallel connections, amplitude modulator 16 is by resistance 4R1～4R5, electric capacity 4C1～4C2, potentiometer 4W1 and fortune connect and compose from amplifier μ A741 circuit, and 4R1 is passed through in the output of wen-bridge oscillator, be input to amplifier after the 4R2 dividing potential drop.The end in the same way 3 of μ A741,4W1 regulating and controlling amplitude, amplifirer 20 is by resistance 5R1～5R2, diode 5D1～5D2, large power triode 5BG1～5BG4 circuit links formation, 5BG1,5BG2 constitutes positive half cycle follower, 5BG3,5BG4 constitutes the negative half period follower, thermistor 5R, insert the input circuit of transformer, 5D1,5D2 is used for compensating the forward voltage loss of follower, inspection width of cloth device 23 is by garden bridge 6Z1, electric capacity 6C1, potentiometer 6W1, resistance 6R1 and reometer 6A1 circuit link formation, the inspection width of cloth level Tc of transformer connects on the bridge rectifier of 6Z1, by 6C1 filtering, by the 6W1 dividing potential drop after 6R1 represent to 6A1, common mode amplifier 21 is by resistance 7R1～7R3, electric capacity 7C1～7C2 and operational amplifier LF356 circuit link formation, the LF356 input stage is imported by 2 field effect transistor common modes, as the self-induction coil input stage, self-induction coil A one end ground connection, one end enters the end in the same way 3 of LF356 by electric capacity 7C1, zeroing device 17 is by resistance 8R1～8R3, electric capacity 8C1～8C3, potentiometer 8W1, thermistor 8Rt and operational amplifier μ A741 circuit link formation, the output of common mode amplifier enters the end in the same way 3 of μ A741 by 7C2, amplifirer 13 is by resistance 9R1～9R2, diode 2D1～2D2, large power triode 9BG1～9BG2 circuit links formation, 9BG1 makes positive half cycle and follows, 9BG2 follows as negative half period, inspection width of cloth R-C circuit 9 is by resistance 10R1～10R5, electric capacity 10C1～10C2, garden bridge 10Z1 and relay 10J1 circuit link formation, the output stage Tp of transformer is through 10Z1, again through 10C1,10R1,10C2 filtering, follower 6 is by resistance 11R1～11R2, electric capacity 11C1, stabilivolt 12D1～12D2 and voltage table 12V1 circuit link formation, the DC level of K3 enters 3 pin of follower μ A741 through 11R1, the voltage wave utmost point of follower is level and smooth through 11R2 and 11C1, show by 11V1, ratio display 2 is by resistance 12R2～12R3, diode 12D3～12D4, reometer 12CA1, mathematics voltage table 12N1 and potentiometer 12W1, socket 12Q circuit links formation, Vib. 22 is by resistance 13R1～13R3, electric capacity 13C1～13C2 and basic circuit 555 circuit link formation, and 555 circuit, 3 pin enter into the Tw of transformer by 13R3.

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