CN104024611B - Method and system for diagnosing turbocharger - Google Patents

Method and system for diagnosing turbocharger Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104024611B
CN104024611B CN201280053879.5A CN201280053879A CN104024611B CN 104024611 B CN104024611 B CN 104024611B CN 201280053879 A CN201280053879 A CN 201280053879A CN 104024611 B CN104024611 B CN 104024611B
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China
Prior art keywords
turbocharger
pressure
signal
component
frequency
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CN201280053879.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104024611A (en
Inventor
P.L.弗林
B.D.沃尔登
M.J.马隆
M.卡鲁纳拉特恩
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Priority claimed from US13/488,530 external-priority patent/US8850878B2/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D41/221—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of actuators or electrically driven elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/18—Lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/18—Indicating or safety devices
    • F01M1/20—Indicating or safety devices concerning lubricant pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/14—Lubrication of pumps; Safety measures therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/16—Other safety measures for, or other control of, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/26—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor
    • F02D41/28—Interface circuits
    • F02D2041/286—Interface circuits comprising means for signal processing
    • F02D2041/288—Interface circuits comprising means for signal processing for performing a transformation into the frequency domain, e.g. Fourier transformation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/024—Fluid pressure of lubricating oil or working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/80—Diagnostics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/09—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring pressure in fluid ducts, e.g. in lubrication or cooling parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses the method for monitoring turbocharger based on measurement oil pressure value.The step of methods described includes receiving the signal of the monitoring pressure for the pressurization oil supply for indicating turbocharger (step 904)；The step of determining the high fdrequency component of the signal (step 906)；The step of whether high fdrequency component of the signal meets one or more specified values (step 908) judged；With meet one or more specified values if the high fdrequency component of the signal if if generate the first control signal the step of (step 916).

Description

Method and system for diagnosing turbocharger
The cross reference of related application
The rights and interests for the U.S. Provisional Patent Application the 61/553rd, 896 submitted this application claims on October 31st, 2011, and And be the part continuation application for the U.S. Patent Application No. 13/234,517 that September in 2011 is submitted on the 16th, above-mentioned application it is every The disclosure of one is fully incorporated in the present invention by quoting for all purposes.
Technical field
The embodiment of theme in the present invention is related to internal combustion engine system.Other embodiments are related to turbocharger.
Background technology
Turbocharger can use to have additional supply of engine so as to the pressure of the air of burning in engine system Power.In one example, turbocharger includes being connected in turbine in the exhaust passage of engine, the turbine via Axle drives compressor to increase admission pressure at least in part.Many turbocharger use the bearing of journals (journal Bearings) rotary shaft is supported.The pressurization oil supply of these bearings is lubricated, and the pressurization oil supply is by using control Valve or aperture are adjusted to relative constancy pressure.Generally, stable oil pressure by pressure sensor (pressure transducer) and Control system monitors to ensure that machine suitably lubricates and cooled down.
Change over time, axle and/or the bearing of journals or associated components may be worn.Finally, the bearing of journals is for example It may be out of order.Generally, due to the reason, the life-span of turbocharger is shorter than the remainder of engine.It is additionally, since storage The high level of energy in turbocharger, its failure is typically catastrophic.This causes the hang-up of engine, this Safety and cost consequence can be brought for the operator of system.
The content of the invention
Therefore, in one embodiment, a kind of method include receiving indicate turbocharger or other turbomachineries plus The signal of the monitoring pressure of force feed supply.Methods described also includes determining whether the high fdrequency component of signal meets one or more fingers Calibration is accurate.If the high fdrequency component of pressure meets one or more specified values, the first control signal is generated.For example, described Control signal can start the related operator's alarm of prediction to turbocharger healthy (or other modes of operation).
Wherein, the control signal indicates the operator alarm related to the prediction health of the turbocharger.
Wherein, the prediction health includes destructive turbo-charger shaft motion and progressive bearing fault.
Wherein, the safe life of the prediction health including the turbocharger is expected.
Methods described also includes：Monitor the baseline component of the signal；And if the width of the change of the baseline component Degree is more than threshold quantity, then generates the second control signal.
Wherein, the baseline component of the signal is the steady state pressure of the pressurization oil supply.
Wherein, second control signal indicates the degeneration of the turbocharger.
Wherein, the high fdrequency component includes indicating the frequency in the range of bearing wear.
Therefore, In yet another embodiment, a kind of method, which includes receiving, indicates turbocharger or other turbomachineries The signal of the monitoring pressure of pressurization oil supply.Methods described also include carrying out the first of the high fdrequency component of the signal assess and Carry out the baseline component of the signal second is assessed.Methods described also includes assessing based on described first and described second comments Estimate, generation indicates the control signal of the predicted operating condition of the turbocharger.
Wherein, first assessment includes determining whether the high fdrequency component of the signal meets one or more specify Standard, and whether the amplitude of the described second change for assessing the baseline component for including determining the signal is more than threshold value Amount.
Methods described is also included when the amplitude of the change of the baseline component of the signal increases above the threshold quantity When indicate the degeneration of the turbocharger.
Wherein, the specified value includes the high fdrequency component of the signal more than threshold frequency.
Methods described also includes indicating the turbine when the high fdrequency component of the signal is more than the threshold frequency The degeneration of booster.
Methods described also includes the data for changing the baseline component of the storage signal over time, and wherein enters Row described second assesses the data for including the currency of relatively more described baseline component and being stored.
Wherein, the high fdrequency component has the frequency that an at least threshold value is higher by than the baseline.
Therefore, in a further embodiment, a kind of system includes the turbocharger with compressor and turbine, described Turbocharger is connected to the engine in vehicle.The system also includes pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is configured to Generation indicates the signal of monitoring pressure, and the signal includes frequency component and baseline component, and the pressure sensor is arranged in institute In the pressurization oil supply for stating turbocharger.The system also includes control module, and the control module is configured to reception and come from The signal of the pressure sensor, carry out the frequency component first is assessed, and carry out the baseline component second is commented Estimate, and assessed and the described second assessment based on described first, output control signal.
Wherein, the control signal indicates the predicted operating condition of the turbocharger.
Wherein, the turbine and the compressor couple via axle, and wherein described predicted operating condition includes breaking Bad property turbo-charger shaft motion.
Wherein, the control module is configured to change the data for storing the baseline component over time.
Wherein, the control module be configured to described second assess during relatively the baseline component currency and The data that are stored and indicate the turbocharging when the currency reaches an at least threshold value less than stored data The degeneration of device.
The prediction health of the turbocharger can indicate the degeneration of the turbocharger.As an example, when When the bearing clearance of the turbo-charger shaft increases due to abrasion, the turbo-charger shaft may become uneven, by This generates or increased the frequency of the high fdrequency component of the signal., can be with by monitoring the high fdrequency component of the signal Monitor bearing health and can take appropriate measures and the operation of booster is taken turns described in whirlpool and/or to adjust for the turbine Booster, which is provided, to be safeguarded to prevent such as chance failure.
It should be understood that the brief description for providing the above is to be further described to introduce in simplified form in detailed description Concept selection.The key or essential feature for determining claim theme are not meant that, the scope of claim theme is by tight Then the claim being described in detail uniquely is limited.In addition, claim theme is not limited to solve above or in the disclosure Any part described in any shortcoming implementation.
Brief description of the drawings
Refer to the attached drawing, is better understood with the present invention, wherein under by the following description for reading nonlimiting examples Face：
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the vehicle with turbocharger.
Fig. 2 shows the cross-sectional view of a part for turbocharger.
Fig. 3 flow for displaying figures, the method for showing to diagnose turbocharger based on pressure measxurement.
Fig. 4 flow for displaying figures, are shown with the method that the frequency content of pressure signal diagnoses turbocharger.
Fig. 5 shows the figure of the frequency content of pressure signal.
Fig. 6 flow for displaying figures, the method for showing to diagnose turbocharger based on pressure measxurement.
Fig. 7 shows the cross-sectional view of a part for turbocharger.
Fig. 8 shows the figure of pressure comparison time signal analysis.
Fig. 9 flow for displaying figures, show the pressure measxurement diagnosis turbocharger in the oil supply chamber based on turbocharger Method.
Embodiment
Description is related to the various embodiments of the method and system for diagnosing turbocharger below.One illustrative methods The monitoring pressure of the pressurization oil supply of turbocharger or other turbomachineries (other turbomachine) is indicated including receiving The signal of power.Methods described also includes determining whether the high fdrequency component (high frequency component) of signal meets one Individual or multiple specified values, and if the high fdrequency component of pressure meets one or more specified values, then generate first and control Signal.In certain embodiments, method also includes the change for determining the baseline component (baseline component) of signal Whether amplitude exceedes threshold quantity.If the baseline component change exceedes the threshold quantity, the second control signal is generated.First The degeneration of turbocharger can be indicated with the second control signal.For example, due to abrasion, bearing clearance may increase and turbine Booster shaft may become uneven.Thus, the high fdrequency component of the signal can for example increase, and the signal The baseline component can reduce.Therefore, by monitoring the high frequency and baseline component of pressure signal, it may be determined that turbocharger Degeneration, this will be described in greater detail below.
In one embodiment, turbocharger can be connected to the engine in vehicle.Locomotive system can be used for lifting One of type of vehicle of engine that example illustrates to be attached to turbocharger or multiple turbocharger.Vehicle Other types can include road vehicle and other off highway vehicles, such as mining equiment and ship.Other realities of the present invention Apply the turbocharger that example can be used for being connected to stationary engine.Engine can be diesel engine, or can burn another Plant the combination of fuel or fuel.Such alternative fuel can include gasoline, kerosene, biodiesel, natural gas and ethanol.Properly Engine can use compression ignition and/or spark ignition.
Fig. 1 is shown in the exemplary reality of the Vehicular system 100 for rail vehicle 106 (for example, locomotive) described in the present invention The block diagram of example is applied, the rail vehicle 106 is configured to travel on track 102 via multiple wheels 112.As illustrated, rail Road vehicle 106 includes the engine system with engine 104 (such as explosive motor).
Engine 104 receives inlet air for combustion from inlet channel 114.Inlet channel 114, which is received, comes from air filtration The surrounding air of device (not shown), the air cleaner filters the air of the outside from rail vehicle 106.By engine The exhaust that burning in 104 is produced is fed to exhaust passage 116.Exhaust flows through exhaust passage 116, and flows out railcar 106 blast pipe.
Engine system includes the turbocharger 120 being arranged between inlet channel 114 and exhaust passage 116 (“TURBO”).Turbocharger 120 increases the air inflation (air for the surrounding air being drawn into inlet channel 114 Charge) to provide bigger charge density (charge density) during burning to increase power output and/or hair Engine operation efficiency.Turbocharger 120 can include the compression for (not showing) driving in Fig. 1 by turbine at least in part Machine (is not shown) in Fig. 1.Although showing single turbocharger in this case, system can include multiple turbines And/or compressor stage.Turbocharger is more fully described below with reference to Fig. 2.
In certain embodiments, Vehicular system 100 can also include the upstream or downstream for being connected in turbocharger 120 Exhaust-gas treatment system in exhaust passage.In one exemplary embodiment, exhaust-gas treatment system can be urged including diesel oil oxidation Agent (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF).In other embodiments, exhaust-gas treatment system can be additionally or alternatively Including one or more emission control systems.Such emission control system can include SCR (SCR) catalysis Agent, three-way catalyst, NOXTrap or various other devices or system.
Rail vehicle 106 also includes controller 148 to control the various parts related to Vehicular system 100.In an example In son, controller 148 includes computer control system.Controller 148 also includes computer-readable recording medium (not shown), institute State the code that computer-readable recording medium includes being used to allow vehicle-mounted monitoring and control rail vehicle to operate.When monitoring vehicle system When the control and management of system 100, controller 148 can be configured to receive from various engine sensors 150 (in the present invention Be expanded on further) signal to determine operating parameter and operating condition, and correspondingly adjust various engine actuators 152 To control the operation of rail vehicle 106.For example, controller 148 can receive the signal from various engine sensors 150, Including but not limited to engine speed, engine load, boost pressure, pressure at expulsion, environmental pressure, delivery temperature, air inlet discrimination Pipe air pressure (MAP) 154 etc..Correspondingly, controller 148 (can for example draw horse by sending commands to various parts Reach, alternating current generator, cylinder valve, air throttle etc.) control Vehicular system 100.In one example, controller 148 can be responded Base chamber pressure is more than threshold pressure and stops engine.
In one embodiment, as following described in reference diagram 3, controller 148 can be configured to from being positioned at turbocharging Multiple pressure sensors of various positions (such as the first and second diverse locations) in device receive the signal for indicating pressure.As Example, the first pressure sensor of output first pressure signal can be positioned in the annular seal space of turbocharger and export the The second pressure sensor of two pressure signals can be positioned in the oil pocket of turbocharger.Controller can respond first pressure Difference between second pressure is more than the degeneration that a threshold difference recognizes turbocharger.
Fig. 2, which is shown, can be connected to (such as turbocharging above with reference to described in Fig. 1 of turbocharger 200 of engine Device 120) exemplary embodiment view.View shown in Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of a part for turbocharger 200. In one example, turbocharger 200 can be bolted to engine.In another example, turbocharger 200 can be with It is connected between the exhaust passage of engine and inlet channel.In other examples, turbocharger can be by another suitable Mode is connected to engine.
Turbocharger 200 includes turbine 202 and compressor 204.Exhaust from engine through turbine 202, And carry out self-purging energy and be converted into rotation function with rotary shaft 206, the axle drives compressor 204.When environment air inlet The bigger matter that (for example, pressure increase of air) causes air is compressed in environment air inlet when being attracted by rotary compressor 204 Amount can be transported to the cylinder of engine.
In certain embodiments, turbine 202 and compressor 204 can have independent case, and the independent case is for example It is bolted together so that form single unit (for example, turbocharger 200).As an example, turbine can have by The housing and compressor of cast iron manufacture can have the housing being manufactured from aluminum alloy.In other examples, turbine and compression The housing of machine can be by identical material manufacture.It should be understood that turbine cylinder and compressor housing can be by any suitable materials Manufacture.
As shown in Figure 2, first pressure sensor 232 is positioned at the diffuser (diffuser) 228 in compressor housing Sentence the pressure in measurement compressor housing.Diffuser 228 is the bifurcated passage in compressor housing, and it changes velocity energy Into such as pressure energy.Pressure sensor 232 can be such as transducer (transducer), and it depends on pressure applied Generate signal.Pressure at diffuser 228 may be approximately equal to inlet manifold air pressure (MAP).For example, in some engines The 8th recess (notch) place of system, first pressure sensor 232 can measure the pressure of about 45psig (about 3 bar).
Turbocharger 200 also includes bearing 208 with support shaft 206 so that axle can be at high speeds with the friction of reduction Rotation.Turbocharger can also include lubricating system to reduce the temperature degenerated and keep bearing of bearing (for example, keeping Bearing is cooled down).When engine is in operation, the constant flow of engine oil or engine coolant can increase through such as turbine Depressor.In one example, pressurized engine oil can enter turbocharger via oil-in (not shown).Excessive oil can To collect in oil pocket 212, and oil leaves turbocharger 200 by the outlet (not shown) with the fluid coupling of oil pocket 212. As shown in Figure 2, oil pocket pressure sensor 230 is positioned in oil pocket 212 to measure the pressure in oil pocket.Oil pocket pressure sensor 230 can as the additional of first pressure sensor 232, or it can as first pressure sensor replacement.Oil pocket pressure Force snesor 230 can be such as transducer, and it depends on pressure applied and generates signal.
As shown in Figure 2, turbocharger 200 also includes two non-contact seals parts (for example, labyrinth type (labyrinth) seal), the turbine labyrinth 216 that is positioned between oil pocket 212 and turbine 202 and fixed Compressor labyrinth 218 of the position between oil pocket 212 and compressor 204.Labyrinth type is close when used in the instant invention Sealing represents to provide bending or zigzag path to help prevent a type of mechanical sealing member of leakage.(for example with O-ring or Similar rounded seal is opposite).In one embodiment, labyrinth can be by being tightly pressed against on another part Many groove or screw thread compositions.In the present invention, labyrinth is applied to rotary shaft system, at the tip of labyrinth type screw thread There is small―gap suture between running surface.In this manner, labyrinth by control fluid by providing non-contact seals Effect.Therefore labyrinth 216 and 218 can for example be reduced for lubricating bearing 208 by providing distortion, crooked route Engine oil leak into turbine 202 and compressor 204.Because labyrinth 216 and 218 is non-contact seals, Therefore the friction around bearing 208 and axle 206 can be reduced, while also reducing oil leakage.In one example, labyrinth sealing Part 216 and 218 can be with bearing 208 spaced a predetermined distance.It may be referred to for example in about 1/4000 less than one inch (about 6x10-4Cm the special parameters in the range of) determine suitable determination distance.
Turbocharger 200 also includes annular seal space 234, and the annular seal space 234 is from close to compressor labyrinth 218 Compressor 204 behind extend close to the region of turbine labyrinth 216.Annular seal space 234 is in turbocharging Air duct in the housing of device 200.As shown in Figure 2, annular seal space 234 includes aperture 236.Aperture 236 is configured to generation and gripped Stream (choked air flow).In such construction, chokes air-flow can generate bigger pressure in farther downstream Difference, causes the poor more preferable detection of the pressure between the various positions in turbocharger 200.Annular seal space 234 also includes second Pressure sensor 238 is to measure the pressure in annular seal space 234.As shown in Figure 2, second pressure sensor 238 is located at annular seal space 234 port.Second pressure sensor 238 can be such as transducer, and it depends on pressure applied and generates signal.It is close Seal the pressure that the pressure in chamber 234 can be higher than in such as oil pocket 212 so that oil may remain in oil pocket.As an example, exist 8th indent of some engine systems, pressure sensor 238 can measure the pressure of about 27psig (about 2 bar).
Each pressure sensor position can have different pressures.For example, at diffuser 228 in compressor housing Pressure can be higher than the pressure in annular seal space 234, and pressure in annular seal space 234 can be higher than the pressure in oil pocket 212.This Outside, the difference between each pressure can with operating condition (such as turbine or compressor speed, engine recess set, Environment temperature and/or pressure etc.) change.When turbine labyrinth 216 and/or compressor labyrinth 218 Degenerate because rotor unbalance or axial displacement cause axle 206 to rub seal and when occurring, the pressure in annular seal space 234 can be with Reduce, and the pressure at the diffuser 228 in compressor housing keeps roughly the same.Therefore, it is possible to based in annular seal space 234 Pressure differential between the pressure measured at the pressure of measurement and diffuser 228 in compressor housing is more than corresponding threshold difference Diagnose the degeneration of labyrinth 216 and 218.
In one embodiment, system includes the turbocharger with compressor and turbine, the first signal of generation First pressure sensor, and generate the second pressure sensor of secondary signal.First pressure sensor arrangement is in turbocharging In the oil pocket of device, and second pressure sensor arrangement is in the annular seal space of turbocharger.System also includes controller, described Controller is configured to first pressure of the identification from the first signal and the second pressure from secondary signal and if the first pressure Difference between power and second pressure is more than the degeneration that first threshold difference then recognizes turbocharger.In embodiment, turbine is recognized The degeneration of booster includes output for example for starting alarm or warning or controlling the control signal of Vehicular system.
In certain embodiments, the upgrade kit that may be mounted in rail vehicle or other vehicles can include nonvolatile Computer-readable medium, it includes determining moving back for turbocharger based on the pressure value measured in turbocharger as described above The instruction of change.Upgrade kit can also include the multiple pressure sensors or other machines that may be mounted in turbo-charger sytem Tool element.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 flow for displaying figure, show can the turbocharger including being connected to engine vehicle system The illustrative methods performed in system.Fig. 3 is shown surrounds turbo-charger shaft based on the measure differences in pressure diagnosis in turbocharger The method of the degeneration of the non-contact seals part of arrangement.Fig. 4 shows that the frequency content based on the measurement pressure in turbocharger is examined The method of the degeneration of the turbine or compressor of disconnected turbocharger.Fig. 6 is shown and examined based on the measurement pressure in turbocharger The method of the degeneration of the disconnected non-contact seals part arranged around turbo-charger shaft.Method with reference to described in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 can For example to perform by identical controller and simultaneously.As an example, second pressure can be measured to be compared with first pressure, The frequency content (frequency content) of second pressure can also be determined, and first and/or second pressure can be with Corresponding threshold pressure compares.In addition, when the engine that turbocharger is coupled is operated (for example, working as burning During generation) it can perform with reference to the method described in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6, and the vehicle being positioned in when turbocharger is just Methods described can be performed in motion.
In one exemplary embodiment, a kind of method includes determining the first pressure of the first position in turbocharger Power, determines the second pressure of the second place in turbocharger, and determines the frequency content of second pressure.Method is also wrapped Include the situation that turbocharger is diagnosed based on the difference and the frequency content of second pressure between first pressure and second pressure (condition)。
Referring to Fig. 3, show for diagnosing turbocharger (such as the turbocharger 200 above with reference to described in Fig. 2) The method 300 of situation.Specifically, method includes surveying via the pressure sensor at the various positions being positioned in turbocharger Measure pressure and compare measured pressure value.For example, in the first pressure of first position measurement and in second place measurement Second pressure compares.Difference based on measured pressure value determines the degeneration of turbocharger.As described above, when turbocharger is joined The engine connect performs method in operation, and the vehicle (such as rail vehicle) being positioned in when turbocharger is Method can be performed during traveling.In this manner, the pressure differential between the various chambers of turbocharger can be large enough to be enough to measure.
In step 302, system operating condition (operating conditions) is determined.Operating condition can include supercharging Pressure, environmental pressure, environment temperature, the setting of engine recess etc..
Once it is determined that operating condition, method enters step 304, wherein measuring first pressure in first position.As above institute State, turbocharger there can be the multiple pressure sensors being positioned at the various positions in turbocharger.Thus, first Pressure can by the first pressure sensor in oil pocket, the pressure sensor of the diffuser in compressor housing or Pressure sensor measurement in annular seal space.In other embodiments, another correct position that can be in turbocharger Place's measurement first pressure.
At step 306, second pressure is measured in the second place.The second place can be the position different from first position Put.For example, first pressure can be measured by the first pressure sensor in oil pocket and second pressure can be in annular seal space Second pressure sensor is measured.As another example, first pressure can be by of the diffuser in compressor housing One pressure sensor is measured and second pressure can be measured by the second pressure sensor in annular seal space.In other embodiments In, second pressure is measured at another correct position that can be in turbocharger.
Once it is determined that first pressure and second pressure, judge that the difference between first pressure and second pressure is in step 308 It is no to be more than threshold difference.The first and second pressure can be depended in whirlpool by assessing the specified threshold difference that the first and second pressure are compareed The sensing the feedback of position in booster is taken turns, different position groupings has different threshold differences.For example, pressure and oil pocket in annular seal space In pressure between threshold difference (if at these positions measure the first and second pressure) can be that first threshold is poor, and Threshold difference between the pressure at the diffuser in pressure and compressor housing in annular seal space at these positions (if measured First and second pressure) can be that Second Threshold is poor.First threshold difference can have the value for being different from Second Threshold difference, and reason is Each of measurement pressure can have different value in normal operation condition.As an example, in the healthy (example of turbocharger Such as, do not degenerate) normal operating condition under, what first pressure in oil pocket can have particular value and be measured in annular seal space Second pressure can have much higher value to cause oil pocket to keep oil.In addition, the pressure measured in annular seal space can be with operation bar Part (for example engine recess, engine speed, environment temperature, environmental pressure, engine oil temperature, engine coolant temperature, Fuel injection enters angle, the blowing pressure, turbocharger speed and/or gas-filling temperature) and change.For example, annular seal space can be more High engine indent has higher pressure (for example, in the 8th indent compared to the 4th indent).Similarly, threshold difference can To be changed based on operating condition (such as compressor speed, engine load, engine recess).For example, when compressor When speed reduces, sealing cavity pressure can also reduce, and cause the reduction pressure differential between annular seal space and oil pocket.Thus, in order to close Pressure at possible these positions of turbocharger degradation assessment, the threshold difference between annular seal space and oil pocket can be correspondingly Reduce the degeneration for causing not recognize turbocharger mistakenly.
As another example, under the normal operating condition of turbocharger health, at the diffuser in compressor housing First pressure can have value and the second pressure that is measured in annular seal space similar to Manifold Air Pressure to have Lower value.The pressure measured at diffuser in compressor housing and in annular seal space can be with operating condition, for example send out Motivation recess set and turbocharger speed and change.For example, the pressure measured at diffuser in annular seal space can be with Engine recess and increase (for example, pressure is higher in the 6th indent in the 7th indent ratio).
The difference between first pressure and second pressure in every operating condition can be stored in such as look-up table.When When the absolute value of pressure differential between first and second pressure exceedes threshold value, the degeneration of turbocharger is indicated in step 310. In one example, when the difference between first pressure and second pressure is more than threshold value, non-contact seals part (such as whirlpool can be diagnosed Turbine or compressor labyrinth) degeneration.(in order to realize the diagnosis of the type, sensor can be placed on turbine increasing At various positions in depressor, such as at the diffuser in oil pocket, annular seal space, compressor housing).For example, due to rotor not Balance or axial displacement, the rotary shaft of turbocharger can be rubbed on non-contact labyrinth seal, and thus generation is surrounded The gap of non-contact labyrinth seal and increase to the air-flow up to crank box, cause crank box overvoltage and sealing cavity pressure Reduce.Therefore, when seal cavity pressure reduce when, sealing cavity pressure and oil pocket pressure between difference change and seal cavity pressure and Difference change between the pressure at diffuser in compressor housing.
For look-up table, look-up table will include (engine, the classification of vehicle or other systems, type or configuration) and specify The list of operating condition, and for each operating condition, for example, empirically determine the correlation threshold of pressure differential.In operation, (engine or vehicle or other systems) current mode will be quoted with the corresponding operating conditions cross of table, to examine Rope correlation threshold.Pressure differential (difference between the first and second sensing pressure in turbocharger) and then will be with retrieval threshold ratio Compared with to assess turbocharger health.
Controller can be configured to for example by sending diagnostic code light the event via operator interface Display panel Barrier indicator lamp (MIL), diagnostic code is sent to central dispatching control centre etc. notifies what the engine of diagnosis was positioned in The operator of vehicle (or other systems).Response receives diagnostic signal, and turbocharger operation can be suspended, for example, cause not Can occur the further degeneration of engine system and/or turbo-charger sytem.Once engine stop, turbocharger can be with Removed from vehicle and place under repair or change.In other examples, power operation and/or turbocharger operation can be by Adjust to compensate the turbocharger of degeneration until engine stop.In other other examples, when receiving instruction turbine Engine can stop during the diagnostic code that the degeneration of booster has occurred so that can reduce turbo-charger sytem and/or The further degeneration of engine system.
On the other hand, if the difference between first pressure and second pressure is less than threshold difference, method enters step 312, wherein indicating that turbocharger is not degenerated (or in certain embodiments, taking no action to).
In this manner, degraded condition (the degraded of turbocharger can be diagnosed when turbocharger is in operation condition).For example, because the pressure differential between the first and second pressure is more than threshold difference, due to one or more noncontacts The degeneration of turbocharger can be identified caused by the leakage of seal (such as compressor and turbine labyrinth). During no more than threshold difference of being on duty, can indicate base chamber over-voltage events be probably due to except turbocharger degenerate with Outer situation, such as piston ring are degenerated or some other source.
Fig. 4 is flow chart, shows the frequency content diagnosis turbocharger based on pressure signal, for example above with reference to Fig. 2 The method 400 of the situation of described turbocharger 200.Specifically, method includes measuring at the position in turbocharger Pressure determine frequency content.Based on frequency content, the degeneration of identification turbine or compressor.As described above, working as turbocharging The engine that device is coupled performs method in operation, and works as vehicle (such as railcar that turbocharger is positioned in ) method can be just performed in motion.For example, because the frequency content determined via method is based on turbine fan or compression The rotation of machine fan, therefore supercharging is fed to engine by turbocharger during power operation.
In step 402, system operating condition is determined.Operating condition can include boost pressure, the turbine of turbocharger Speed, environmental pressure, environment temperature of machine and/or compressor etc..
Pressure is measured at step 404, the position in turbocharger.As described above, pressure sensor can be arranged Multiple positions in turbocharger, and therefore, it is possible to expansion in annular seal space, in oil pocket, in compressor housing Pressure is measured at another correct position at depressor and/or in turbocharger.
Once measuring pressure (or multiple pressure), the frequency content of pressure signal is determined in step 406.For example, due to whirlpool The degeneration of turbine or compressor blade may be in sealing cavity pressure most substantially, thus may determine that the pressure measured in annular seal space The frequency content of power.The frequency content of pressure is the relative amplitude of the frequency component of frequency domain pressure signal and/or filtered with band logical The measurement frequency content that ripple device is produced.In one example, by filtering signal, sampled signal, conversion signal and it can incite somebody to action Related algorithm is applied to signal and determines frequency content.
In one exemplary embodiment, pressure signal can by the cut-off frequency with slightly larger than fundamental frequency low pass Filter filtering.For example, cut-off frequency can be bigger than fundamental frequency by 10 to two ten.Thus, cut-off frequency can be by whirlpool The speed of turbine or compressor is determined.Fundamental frequency component can be attributed to the rotation of turbine or compressor fan.For example, In one revolution of compressor fan, eight fan blade can pass through specified point.Therefore, the rotation of compressor fan can be led The pressure wave of the inside of crank box is caused, the frequency that the pressure wave has corresponds to the quantity and fan revolution frequency of fan blade Rate.
Furthermore, it is possible to the frequency sampling pressure more than or equal to Nyquist (Nyquist) speed.In one embodiment In, can be with twice of the frequency sampling pressure signal more than turbine or compressor fundamental frequency.In one embodiment, may be used With with twice of the frequency sampling pressure signal more than turbine or compressor peak frequency.Therefore, by bandpass filtering and With the frequency sampling more than or equal to nyquist rate, the frequency content of pressure can not aliasing (not be aliased). Once pressure is sampled, pressure can be changed.For example, sampled pressure can be changed to generate frequency domain pressure signal.One In individual example, FFT can be used for generating frequency domain pressure signal.Then, related algorithm can be applied.At one In example, the shape of frequency domain pressure signal, the frequency content of such as pressure and turbocharger can be compared using related algorithm The signal (signature) of condition.For example, the signal of healthy turbocharger can include the frequency content under fundamental frequency.
In step 408, centre/average value (mean/average values) of frequency is determined.Average value can be with frequency Content is used together to diagnose turbocharger degeneration.For example, there is height in the average value and frequency content that are measured in oil pocket Bearing and non-contact seals part failure can be indicated in the pressure pulse of specified threshold, this can cause inflation to flow to engine Crank box, causes crank box over-voltage events.
Once frequency content is determined, determine whether to detect failure in step 410.As an example, pressure can also be wrapped Include other harmonic waves in fundamental frequency, such as second order frequency (doubled frequency), three order frequencies (treble frequency) under frequency contain Amount.Similarly, crankcase pressure can be included in the frequency under the frequency less than fundamental frequency, such as half order frequency (half frequency) Rate content.Failure can be indicated by the harmonic wave of fundamental frequency, for example, half order frequency more than threshold value can indicate that fan blade is broken Split.Therefore, if detecting failure, method enters step 412, wherein indicating the degeneration of turbocharger.As described above, working as When identification is degenerated, controller can send diagnostic code to light the malfunction indicator lamp via operator interface Display panel (MIL) diagnostic code, is sent to central dispatching control centre etc..
On the other hand, if being not detected by failure in step 410, method enters step 414 and indicates that turbine increases Depressor is not degenerated (or in other embodiments, taking no action to).
Fig. 5 shows the figure 500 of the example frequency content of pressure signal.Under the threshold value 504 502 at show single order Frequency.As described above, fundamental frequency component can be attributed to the rotation of turbine or compressor fan.If fundamental frequency is in threshold Under value 504, this can indicate the turbine or compressor fan of balance or health.If turbine or compressor are due to for example Fan blade ruptures and uneven, then the amplitude of fundamental frequency can increase so that it is higher than threshold value 504.Threshold value 504 can be with base (such as fan speed, engine load, the setting of engine recess, environment temperature, environmental pressure, start in various operating conditions Oil temperature, engine coolant temperature, fuel injection enter angle, the blowing pressure, turbocharger speed, gas-filling temperature etc.) and Change.For example, more high fan speed (for example, faster rotation of fan) can have with fundamental frequency by a larger margin.Cause And, threshold value 504 can increase with fan speed.In this manner, the degeneration of compressor or turbocharger fan can be by Identification.
Hence, it can be determined that the frequency content of measured pressure signal.By analyzing the frequency content of pressure signal, such as by The situation that compressor or turbine caused by being ruptured in such as fan blade are degenerated can be diagnosed.It may therefore provide turbine The more specific diagnosis that booster is degenerated.
Fig. 6 is shown for diagnosing the condition in turbocharger, the turbocharger 200 for example above with reference to described in Fig. 2 Method 600.Specifically, method measures pressure including the use of the pressure sensor at the various positions being positioned in turbocharger Power, and compare (multiple) measured pressure value and (multiple) corresponding threshold pressure.For example, measured in first position first Pressure and first threshold pressure ratio compared with.The degeneration that determines turbocharger is dropped under first threshold pressure based on first pressure. As described above, when the engine that turbocharger is coupled is in operation and (possibility) is positioned in when turbocharger Vehicle (such as rail vehicle) just performs methods described in motion.
In step 602, operating condition is determined.Operating condition can include boost pressure, environmental pressure, environment temperature, hair Motivation recess setting etc..
The pressure at position in step 604, measurement turbocharger.As described above, pressure sensor can be arranged At various positions in turbocharger, such as diffuser in compressor housing, in annular seal space, it is medium in oil pocket. In some instances, pressure can be determined at the position in the inlet manifold of such as engine.In some instances, Ke Yi Pressure is measured at more than one position.For example, pressure can be measured in oil pocket and annular seal space, or can in oil pocket and/or Pressure is measured in annular seal space.
Once pressure is measured, judge whether measurement pressure exceedes threshold pressure in step 606.If for example, non-connect Touch one or both of compressor labyrinth and turbine labyrinth to degenerate, then the pressure in oil pocket can increase And pressure can exceed threshold pressure.As another example, if one or both of non-contact seals part has been degenerated, seal Pressure in chamber can reduce and pressure can be dropped under threshold pressure.In some instances, pressure can be in multiple positions The place of putting is measured and compares with corresponding threshold value.For example, first pressure can be in oil pocket first position it is measured simultaneously And second pressure can be in compressor housing diffuser at the second place be measured.First pressure is with corresponding to oil pocket The first threshold pressure ratio of threshold pressure compared with, and second pressure with corresponding to diffuser threshold pressure Second Threshold pressure Compare.If both first and second pressure exceed their respective threshold, it can indicate to degenerate.It should be understood that threshold pressure It can be changed based on engine operating condition.For example, threshold pressure and measurement pressure can with engine speed, start Machine load, environment temperature, environmental pressure, engine oil temperature, engine coolant temperature, fuel injection enter angle, the blowing pressure, Turbocharger speed, gas-filling temperature etc. and change.
If it is determined that measurement pressure then indicates that turbocharger is not degenerated not less than threshold pressure in step 610.Substitute Ground, can take no action in certain embodiments.On the other hand, if it is determined that measurement pressure exceedes threshold pressure, then Indicate that turbocharger is degenerated in step 608.As described above, when recognizing degeneration, controller can send diagnostic code with point The bright malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) via operator interface Display panel, central dispatching control centre etc. is sent to by diagnostic code.
In this manner, the degraded condition of turbocharger can be diagnosed when turbocharger is in operation.For example, working as turbine One or more measurement pressure in booster can be recognized due to one or more noncontacts when exceeding corresponding threshold pressure The degeneration of turbocharger caused by leakage in seal (such as compressor and turbine labyrinth).When measurement pressure When power is not less than threshold pressure, can indicate base chamber over-voltage events be probably due to except turbocharger degenerate with Outer situation, such as piston ring are degenerated or some other source.
In certain embodiments, degenerating for turbocharger can be based on the pressure differential measured in turbocharger, pressure The comparison of the frequency content of one of force signal and the pressure and threshold pressure that measure.As an example, only when pressure differential is more than threshold Frequency content can be just determined during value difference, and only can just determine pressure when the pressure measured exceedes threshold pressure Difference.
In embodiment, empirically determine to be used to assess turbocharger health depending on engine/system operation modes Or the parameter (for example, pressure threshold) of condition.For specifying engine/system, when known engine/system most preferably works When, for the pressure in the turbocharger of various operator scheme measuring systems.For example, engine/system can be test mould Type, new model, model etc. is safeguarded recently.(position of pressure can be measured as described in the other parts of this specification).Pressure It is worth and then is stored and used for assessing the turbocharger health in engine/system of same or similar type.Another In embodiment, pressure value in some units of engine/system (known most preferably to work) of same type be measured and Handle averagely or in another manner to determine the stowed value that will be used in the engine/system for assessing same or similar type Set.In another embodiment, disposing in place so as in engine/system that is normal and persistently using, but sending out Motivation/system is new and/or is additionally considered to the time measurement pressure value that most preferably works.Then pressure value is stored and Engine/system continue be referenced during use, following for turbocharger health is assessed.Implement such In another form of example, if the pressure value (in newly deployed engine/system) initially sensed belongs to same or similar class In the error threshold of the test value of engine/system of type, then they are used only for following assessment.Therefore, if initial sensing Value (comparison) is away from desired value, then based on specification error threshold value or in another manner, generates alarm or alerts to notify operation Some possible problems of person take similar remedial measure." engine/system " represents engine, engine system, had The vehicle of engine system or other systems etc..
Another embodiment is related to a kind of method, and methods described includes determining first of the first position in turbocharger The step of second pressure of the second place in the step of pressure, and determination turbocharger.Method also includes being based on first The step of control signal of the condition of pressure and second pressure output indication or response turbocharger.
In another embodiment of method, methods described includes determining the first pressure of the first position in turbocharger Power, determines the second pressure of the second place in turbocharger, and determine the frequency content of the first and second pressure.Institute Stating method also includes the frequency content output indication based on first pressure, second pressure and second pressure or response turbocharger Condition control signal.
Another embodiment is related to a kind of system, and the system includes the turbocharger with compressor and turbine.Whirlpool Wheel booster is connected to the engine in vehicle.System also includes first pressure sensor, second pressure sensor and controller. First pressure sensor arrangement is in the oil pocket of turbocharger and is configured to generate the first signal.Second pressure sensor cloth Put in the annular seal space of turbocharger and be configured to generate secondary signal.Controller is configured to identification from the first signal First pressure and the second pressure from secondary signal, and determine based on the first and second pressure the state of turbocharger. For example, controller can be configured to determine the health status of turbocharger based on the first and second pressure.Turbocharger Health status time interval required between can for example reflecting attended operation and/or changing.Therefore, if turbocharger Health status is degenerated, then may more frequently need attended operation, and if the health status of turbocharger improves, then may Infrequently need attended operation.As another example, controller can be configured to based on first pressure and second pressure it Between difference (such as poor more than specified threshold poor) judge whether turbocharger has degenerated (for example, reaching needs the journey of maintenance Degree).
Another embodiment is related to a kind of system, and the system includes being configured to from the first position for being arranged in turbocharger First pressure sensor receive first pressure signal control module.Control module is configured to second from turbocharger The second pressure sensor of position receives second pressure signal.(the first and second positions can be such as other in this specification Fang Suoshu).Control module is configured to be based on first pressure signal and second pressure signal output control signal.For example, control Module can be configured to degenerate based on the possibility that the first and second pressure signals assess turbocharger, and in response to determining that turbine The degeneration output control signal of booster.Control signal can control the system (for example, operator connects with formatted or configuration Mouthful, alarm) so as to indicate degenerate, or control signal can be used for control vehicle traction system with illustrate degenerate.Control module can To be hardware and/or software module, it is meant that it can include：Interlinking electronic part, it is configured to perform one or more fingers Determine function (for example, receiving input signal, and output/control signal being generated based on input signal)；And/or it is stored in non-provisional Software in media/medium, represents one or more set of electronically readable instruction, when by electronic equipment (interlinking electronic part Group) read and perform when, its cause electronic equipment according to the content of instruction perform one or more functions.
In another embodiment, control module is configured to determine pressure based on first pressure signal and second pressure signal Difference, and judge whether pressure differential meets one or more specified values.If pressure differential meets one or more specified values, Then control module is configured to output indication degeneration turbocharger situation or relative control signal.It is one or more to specify The position that standard depends on measurement pressure is determined in advance, and indicates the degraded condition of turbocharger.For example, depending on behaviour Operation mode, healthy turbocharger generally can have the first pressure between two points poor.One or more standards include inclined (being less than or greater than pressure differential) poor from first pressure exceedes threshold value.As another example, one or more standards can include inclined Poor from first pressure to exceed threshold value, the threshold value only reflects larger pressure differential, or only reflects smaller pressure differential.Namely Say, if pressure differential is usually " X ", only just meet standard when reaching threshold value more than X in one embodiment, and In another embodiment, only standard is just met when sensing pressure differential and reaching threshold value less than X.Selected standard will depend on spy Determine the position of turbocharger and measurement pressure.
In another embodiment, control module is configured to perform the frequency point of one or both of the first and second pressure signals Analysis, and (at least in part) is based on frequency analysis output control signal.
In one embodiment, as described in below with reference to Fig. 7-Fig. 9, controller 148 (above with reference to described in Fig. 1) can match somebody with somebody It is set to the letter for being received from the oil pressure force snesor (such as transducer) associated with turbocharger and indicating turbocharger oil pressure Number, and via one or more of determination bearing fault in the frequency content and Basal level of pressure signal.Such as above with reference to , can frequency content (such as pressure signal based on the pressure signal of the various position measurements in turbocharger described in Fig. 4 Various harmonic waves) determine that bearing and/or non-contact seals part are degenerated.As described in more detail below, known based on frequency content High fdrequency component and/or the baseline of pressure signal that the another method of the degeneration of other turbo-charger bearing can be based on pressure signal Component, wherein pressure are measured in the pressurization oil supply of turbocharger.
Fig. 7 shows the turbocharger 700 that can be connected to engine, the turbocharging for example above with reference to described in Fig. 1 The view of the exemplary embodiment of device 120.View shown in Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view of a part for turbocharger 700. In one example, turbocharger 700 can be bolted to engine.In another example, turbocharger 700 can join It is connected between the exhaust passage of engine and inlet channel.In other examples, turbocharger can be by another suitable side Formula is connected to engine.
Turbocharger 700 includes turbine 702 and compressor 704.Exhaust from engine through turbine 702, And carry out self-purging energy and be converted into rotation function with rotary shaft 706, the axle drives compressor 704.When environment air inlet The bigger matter that (for example, pressure increase of air) causes air is compressed in environment air inlet when being inhaled into by rotary compressor 704 Amount can be transported to the cylinder of engine.
In certain embodiments, turbine 702 and compressor 704 can have independent case, and the independent case is for example It is bolted together so that form single unit (for example, turbocharger 700).As an example, turbine can have by The housing and compressor of cast iron manufacture can have the housing being manufactured from aluminum alloy.In other examples, turbine and compression The housing of machine can be by identical material manufacture.It should be understood that turbine cylinder and compressor housing can be by any suitable materials Manufacture.
Turbocharger 700 also includes the bearing of journals 708,710 with support shaft 706 so that axle can subtract at high speeds Small friction rotation.Bearing of compressor is indicated with 708, and turbine bearing(s) is indicated with 710.Turbocharger can also include Lubricating system is with the degeneration for reducing bearing and the temperature (for example, keeping bearing cooling) for keeping bearing.When engine is in operation When, the constant flow of engine oil or engine coolant can pass through such as turbocharger.In one example, pressurization hair Motivation oil can enter turbocharger via oil-in 712.Oil pressure force snesor 714 (for example, transducer) operationally phase For oil-in arrangement.For example, oil pressure force snesor 714 can be arranged in pressurization oil supply.In operation, oil pressure is sensed The generation of device 714 indicates the signal 716 of the oily pressure associated with the bearing of journals.Signal 716 can be fed to such as controller 148。
During the operation of turbocharger, oil is supplied to turbocharger by oil pump etc. from engine oil supply. After engine start-up, supply pressure reaches steady-state value 800, as shown in Figure 8.It is fed to the oily pressure of turbocharger Will be slightly lower, but baseline pressure 802 is also reached after engine start-up.(" baseline " represents steady state pressure, for example, only have Lower frequency change, and/or with new turbocharger or it is also known that the engine that the turbocharger nominally operated is associated Turbocharger oil pressure after starting).
In an embodiment of the present invention, the high frequency content of oily supply pressure is monitored to predict destructive axle motion and progressive axle Hold failure.For such purpose, baseline turbocharger oil pressure can also be monitored.When spindle balance and bearing normal operating When, the oil pressure in turbocharger will be stable and can be predicted.It is higher when axle is vibrated due to uneven or bearing wear The pressure signal of frequency will be detected by pressure sensor.Baseline pressure and high-frequency signal can predict the strong of axle and bearing together Health.The health status can notify the life expectancy of turbocharger to take appropriate measures to operator.
It is uneven when the appropriately designed turbocharger bearing of journals is operated in the normal fashion in order to be explained further With bearing rotary power no more than the gravity load on bearing.Due to the high speed (rpm) that is associated with turbo-charger shaft and lighter Load, design bearing is into the support shaft on the zone of dispersion for be referred to as pad.Axle is stably operated in pad.The stable axle behaviour Any high frequency pressure waves are not communicated back to pressure transducer by work.When armature spindle out-of-balance force high enough to axle is pushed into stabilization When outside position, axle will rotate within the bearing, cause the quick change of bearing clearance.Axle will hit bearing, cause high-frequency pressure Ripple.Pressure wave from these destructiveness motions will back be transmitted and can detected by oil pressure force snesor along oil supply. If allowing some times of these destructive motion continuations, abrasion and deformation may occur within the bearing, and this can cause Spend bearing clearance.Increased bearing clearance can reduce the baseline pressure sensed by oil pressure transducer.The reduction of bearing clearance Axle motion will be made bigger, cause bearing fault.
In embodiment, with reference to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, method, which includes receiving, indicates turbocharger 700 or another turbomachinery The signal 716 of the monitoring pressure of pressurization oil supply.Method also includes determining whether the high fdrequency component 804 of signal meets one or many Individual specified value.If the high fdrequency component of pressure meets one or more specified values, the first control signal 806 is generated.Example Such as, control signal can start operator's alarm that prediction to turbocharger healthy (or other modes of operation) is related.
In another embodiment, method also includes the baseline component 802 of monitoring signals.If the width of the change of baseline component Degree exceedes threshold quantity, and then method also includes the second control signal 808 of generation.In a specific examples, controlled when in generation second Method can determine whether the amplitude of change is more than threshold value when having downward trend in signal, and in another example, when in generation Method can determine whether the amplitude of change is more than threshold value when having uptrending in the second control signal.
In another embodiment, method includes receiving the pressurization oil confession for indicating turbocharger 700 or another turbomachinery The signal 716 for the monitoring pressure answered.Method also includes the first assessment for carrying out the high fdrequency component 804 of signal, and carries out signal Baseline component 802 second assess.Assessed based on first and second, generation indicates the predicted operating condition of turbocharger Control signal.First assesses and can include determining that whether the high fdrequency component of signal meets one or more specified values, and the Two assess can include determining that signal baseline component change amplitudes whether be more than threshold quantity (and upwards or become downwards Gesture).
Determine baseline component 802 change amplitude whether be more than threshold quantity (that is, baseline component be it is downward or Uptrending) it can include：The data of baseline component are stored over time；And the previous value and currency of comparison base component (or the multiple successor values recorded after previous value).In one example, if currency (or successor value) is less than previous value (such as low go out at least threshold quantity), then baseline component can be determined that with downward trend.In another example, if currently Value (or successor value) is higher than previous value (for example, being higher by least threshold quantity), then baseline component, which can be determined that, has to become upwards Gesture.In any case, the amplitude of the change of baseline component can be higher than threshold quantity.
Determine signal high fdrequency component whether meet one or more specified values can be including the use of signal processor etc. Process signal.In one embodiment, standard includes any high fdrequency component.That is, if high fdrequency component, then standard It is believed to satisfy.Other standards can be related to the frequency and amplitude of high fdrequency component." height " frequency component is represented：It is higher by than baseline component At least frequency of threshold value；And/or empirically it is defined as indicating the frequency range of bearing wear based on experimental analysis；And/or and whirlpool Take turns the corresponding frequency of speed (rpm) of booster shaft.Can use standard signal treatment technology on it high fdrequency component (if If having) assessment signal 716.
Fig. 9 flow for displaying figures, show for diagnosing turbocharger, the turbocharger for example above with reference to described in Fig. 7 700 method 900.Specifically, the pressure measxurement in oil supply chamber of the method based on turbocharger determines turbocharger The prediction health of bearing and axle.The safe life that the prediction health status of turbocharger can also include turbocharger is pre- Phase.Thus, this can for example reflect turbocharger service time interval required between operating.Therefore, if turbocharging The prediction health status of device is degenerated (that is, safe life is expected to reduce), then will more frequently need attended operation.Compare Under, will be less frequent if the prediction health status of turbocharger improves (that is, safe life is expected increase) Ground needs attended operation.
In the step 902 of method, system operating condition is determined.Operating condition can include boost pressure, turbine speed, Environmental pressure, environment temperature, the setting of engine recess etc..
Once it is determined that operating condition, method enters step 904, wherein measuring pressure in oil supply.For example, pressure can be with By pressure sensor, such as pressure transducer or other suitable device for pressure measurement monitorings.
In step 906, carry out first and assess to determine the high fdrequency component of pressure signal.As described above, the height of pressure signal Frequency component can be higher by the frequency of an at least threshold value than the baseline component of signal.In other examples, high fdrequency component can be Empirically it is defined as indicating the frequency range of bearing wear based on experimental analysis.As another example, high fdrequency component can be with The corresponding frequency of speed of turbo-charger shaft.For example, high fdrequency component can be the harmonic wave of turbine speed.
Once carrying out first to assess, method enters step 908, where it is determined that whether high fdrequency component meets one or more fingers Calibration is accurate.As an example, the high fdrequency component that specified value can include signal is met or more than threshold frequency.
If it is determined that high-frequency signal meets specified value, then method enters step 916, wherein generating the first control signal. First control signal can indicate the operator alarm related to the prediction health of turbocharger.For example, control signal can be with It is formatted as so that system responsive control signal generates operator's alarm.As an example, prediction health can include destructive axle Motion and progressive bearing fault.Thus, the first control signal can also format to indicate the degeneration of turbocharger.
On the other hand, if it is determined that high fdrequency component is unsatisfactory for specified value, then method enters step 910, wherein carrying out Second assesses to determine the baseline component of pressure signal.As described above, baseline component can only there is lower frequency to change Steady state pressure.In one example, baseline component can be and new turbocharger or it is also known that the whirlpool nominally operated Take turns turbocharger oil pressure after the engine starting of booster association.In one example, pressure can be stored over time The baseline component of signal.In such example, currency baseline component can be compared with data storage.
Thus, assessed once carrying out second, method enters step 912, where it is determined that the change of the baseline component of pressure signal Whether the amplitude of change is more than threshold quantity.That is, it may be determined that the skew of the baseline pressure pulse in machine oil loop or change Amplitude.Thus, change can include increaseing or decreasing for the baseline component of pressure signal.In one example, baseline component can To reduce and can determine baseline if the currency of baseline component reaches at least described threshold quantity less than institute's data storage Component has downward trend.As an example, once the signal of bearing clearance increase baseline component will have downward trend.Substituting In example, baseline component can increase and true if the currency of baseline component reaches at least threshold quantity more than data storage Determining baseline component has uptrending.As an example, if each revolution sees total dynamic response of primary system (due to injustice Weighing apparatus), then the signal of baseline component can have uptrending.If it is determined that baseline component does not change more than threshold quantity (namely Say, without trend downward or upward), then method enters step 918 and continues current system operation.On the other hand, such as Fruit determines that the amplitude of the change of baseline component exceedes threshold quantity (for example, baseline component has trend downward or upward), then method Into step 914, wherein generating the second control signal.Similar to the first control signal, the second control signal can indicate turbine The predicted operating condition of booster.For example, the second control signal can indicate the degeneration of turbocharger, such as destructive axle fortune Dynamic and progressive bearing fault.As another example, signal can indicate that the prediction health of turbocharger is degenerated and/or turbine increases The safe life of depressor is expected to reduce., can be with by the instruction for the prediction health and safety life expectancy for providing turbocharger Suitably and in time arrange attended operation.
Caused by bearing fault destructive turbo-charger shaft motion, the high fdrequency component of signal can be detected or High fdrequency component can be more than threshold frequency.In addition, the baseline component of pressure signal can have downward trend due to bearing fault. Therefore, one or both of high frequency and baseline component of the pressure in the pressurization oil supply by monitoring turbocharger, can be examined The degeneration of disconnected turbocharger.In this manner, the operation to adjust turbocharger and/or be turbine of can taking appropriate measures Booster, which is provided, to be safeguarded to prevent such as chance failure.
When used in the instant invention, describe and answered in the element or step above with word " one " in the singular It is such unless explicitly stated otherwise to exclude when being understood to be not excluded for multiple element or steps.In addition, to the present invention's The reference of " one embodiment " is not intended to the presence for being construed to exclude the also additional embodiment comprising the feature.Moreover, unless It is expressly stated to the contrary, the embodiment of " comprising ", "comprising" or " having " element or multiple element with special properties can be with Including additional such element without the property.Term " comprising " and " wherein " be used as corresponding term " comprising " and " wherein " equivalent plain language.Moreover, term " first ", " second " and " the 3rd " etc. is solely for mark, and it is not intended to number Value requirement or ad-hoc location order force at their object.
The written description openly includes the present invention of optimal mode using example, and also makes the ordinary skill of this area Personnel can implement the present invention, including manufacture and using any device or system and perform any method included.The present invention The scope of the claims be defined by the claims, and the other examples that expect of one of ordinary skill in the art can be included.So Other examples be intended to belong in the range of claim, as long as they have what is be not different with the word language of claim Structural detail, as long as or they include equivalent structural elements of the word language without substantive difference with claim.

Claims (15)

1. one kind is used to diagnose turbocharger method, methods described includes：
Receive the signal of the monitoring pressure for the pressurization oil supply for indicating turbocharger；
Determine whether the high fdrequency component of the signal meets one or more specified values；And
If the high fdrequency component of the pressure meets one or more of specified values, the first control signal is generated, First control signal indicates the operator alarm related to the prediction health of the turbocharger.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the prediction health includes destructive turbo-charger shaft fortune Dynamic and progressive bearing fault.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the prediction health includes the safety of the turbocharger Life expectancy.
4. one kind is used to diagnose turbocharger method, methods described also includes：
Receive the signal of the monitoring pressure for the pressurization oil supply for indicating turbocharger；
Determine whether the high fdrequency component of the signal meets one or more specified values；
If the high fdrequency component of the pressure meets one or more of specified values, the first control signal is generated；
Monitor the baseline component of the signal；And
If the amplitude of the change of the baseline component is more than threshold quantity, the second control signal is generated.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the baseline component of the signal is that the pressurization oil is supplied The steady state pressure answered.
6. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that second control signal indicates the turbocharger Degenerate.
7. one kind is used to diagnose turbocharger method, methods described includes：
Receive the signal of the monitoring pressure for the pressurization oil supply for indicating turbocharger；
Determine whether the high fdrequency component of the signal meets one or more specified values；
If the high fdrequency component of the pressure meets one or more of specified values, the first control signal is generated, The high fdrequency component includes indicating the frequency in the range of bearing wear.
8. a kind of method for diagnosing turbocharger, methods described includes：
Receive the signal of the monitoring pressure for the pressurization oil supply for indicating turbocharger；
Carry out the high fdrequency component of the signal first is assessed, and first assessment includes determining the high frequency division of the signal Whether amount meets one or more specified values；
Carry out the baseline component of the signal second is assessed, and second assessment includes determining the base of the signal Whether the amplitude of the change of line component is more than threshold quantity；And
Assessed based on described first and described second assesses, generation indicates the control of the predicted operating condition of the turbocharger Signal.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that methods described also includes the baseline point when the signal The amplitude of the change of amount indicates the degeneration of the turbocharger when increasing above the threshold quantity.
10. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the high fdrequency component has to be higher by least than the baseline The frequency of one threshold value.
11. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the specified value includes the high frequency of the signal Component is more than threshold frequency.
12. method according to claim 11, it is characterised in that methods described also includes the high frequency when the signal Component indicates the degeneration of the turbocharger when being more than the threshold frequency.
13. a kind of method for diagnosing turbocharger, methods described includes：
Receive the signal of the monitoring pressure for the pressurization oil supply for indicating turbocharger；
Carry out the high fdrequency component of the signal first is assessed；
Carry out the baseline component of the signal second is assessed；
Change the data of the baseline component of the storage signal over time；And
Assessed based on described first and described second assesses, generation indicates the control of the predicted operating condition of the turbocharger Signal, and wherein carry out the data that second assessment includes the currency of relatively more described baseline component and stored.
14. a kind of system for diagnosing turbocharger, the system includes：
With the compressor linked together by axle and the turbocharger of turbine, the turbocharger is connected to vehicle In engine；
Pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is configured to the signal that generation indicates monitoring pressure, and the signal includes frequency point Amount and baseline component, the pressure sensor are arranged in the pressurization oil supply of the turbocharger；And
Control module, the control module is configured to：The signal from the pressure sensor is received, the frequency is carried out The first of component is assessed, and carry out the baseline component second is assessed, and is assessed based on the described first assessment and described second, The control signal of the predicted operating condition of turbocharger described in output indication, the predicted operating condition includes destructive whirlpool Take turns booster shaft motion.
15. a kind of system for diagnosing turbocharger, the system includes：
Turbocharger with compressor and turbine, the turbocharger is connected to the engine in vehicle；
Pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is configured to the signal that generation indicates monitoring pressure, and the signal includes frequency point Amount and baseline component, the pressure sensor are arranged in the pressurization oil supply of the turbocharger；And
Control module, the control module is configured to：The signal from the pressure sensor is received, the frequency is carried out The first of component is assessed, and carry out the baseline component second is assessed, and is assessed based on described first and described second assesses, output Control signal, changes the data of the storage baseline component, and the relatively base during described second assesses over time The currency of line component is with the data stored and when the currency reaches an at least threshold value less than stored data Indicate the degeneration of the turbocharger.
CN201280053879.5A 2011-10-31 2012-09-27 Method and system for diagnosing turbocharger Active CN104024611B (en)

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PCT/US2012/057423 WO2013066529A1 (en) 2011-10-31 2012-09-27 System and method for diagnosing a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine based on the lubricating oil pressure signal

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