CN104022306B - A kind of solid porous polymer dielectric and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of solid porous polymer dielectric and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN104022306B CN104022306B CN201410208140.8A CN201410208140A CN104022306B CN 104022306 B CN104022306 B CN 104022306B CN 201410208140 A CN201410208140 A CN 201410208140A CN 104022306 B CN104022306 B CN 104022306B
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013012 foaming technology Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011218 binary composite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyramide Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WDGKXRCNMKPDSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound [Li].OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WDGKXRCNMKPDSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000627 alternating current impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 carbonic acid lipid Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007500 overflow downdraw method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229950000845 politef Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021386 carbon form Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The preparation method that the invention discloses a kind of Kynoar/polyesters porous polymer electrolyte, for Kynoar and polycaprolactone, process includes: by Kynoar and polycaprolactone according to different ratios carry out composite after in banbury or double screw extruder blended after obtain the composite of Kynoar/polycaprolactone, then this composite obtains porous material by supercritical carbon dioxide foaming method, porous material becomes porous polymer electrolyte after electrolyte activates, and finally this electrolyte is assembled into electrochemical device. Kynoar prepared by the present invention/polycaprolactone porous polymer dielectric, there is higher ionic conductivity, the electrochemical element being assembled into has higher ratio electric capacity and energy density, and this polymer dielectric production process is simple and environmentally-friendly, material has safety as electrolyte, the characteristics such as leakage accident will not be produced, the electrolyte solution of liquid can be substituted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrolyte field, more particularly, to a kind of solid porous polymer dielectric and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Porous polymer electrolyte is a special case of gel polymer electrolyte, and it makes plasticizer preserve in the structure with salt etc. with the loose structure of polymer, reaches the effect of ion transmission. Compare its gel polymer electrolyte, the shortcoming it solving bad mechanical property, also there is good ionic conductivity simultaneously, therefore it is to have as the most promising base polymer electrolyte of lithium ion battery electrolyte. Being typically in porous polymer electrolyte structure and comprise three-phase, one is stored in the electrolyte in loose structure, and two is polymeric matrix, three gels formed by electrolyte polymer after swelling. Therefore it has at room temperature ionic conductivity and, close to the ability of liquid electrolyte electrical conductivity, and is far superior to liquid electrolyte in safety, further, since the existence of polymeric matrix, its good processability, it is possible to meet difform device. In the middle of the relevant matrix investigation of materials of porous polymer electrolyte, Kynoar has a strong electron withdraw group due to it and high-k becomes the focus of extensive concern of researcher.
Kynoar is that one has excellent machinability, outstanding mechanical plastics, containing strong electron-withdrawing group group (C-F), and it has dielectric constant (being about 10) higher in polymer, it has special chemical constitution and contributes to the dissociation of lithium salts, the concentration making the electric charge carrier in electrolyte is improved, additionally, PVDF has good chemical stability, acid-fast alkali-proof, it is not dissolved in carbonic acid lipid organic solvent, the skeleton of polymer porous material can be kept, the poromeric network stabilization formed, therefore with the PVDF polymer dielectric being matrix, there is wide application prospect.But due to the hemicrystalline of PVDF, its degree of crystallinity is higher, can affect the migration of ion, therefore to consider the ability utilizing its skeleton, add another one matrix, form porous polymer electrolyte. The polymer of polyesters and supercritical carbon dioxide has good intermiscibility, can be foamed formation porous material in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, and many polyester polymers and Kynoar also have certain compatibility, the therefore selected polymer that the second matrix is polyesters.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to obtain the solid electrolyte that a kind of performance is good.
First a kind of solid porous polymer dielectric is provided, is mixed by Kynoar and polycaprolactone, then adopt the preparation of supercritical carbon dioxide foaming technology to obtain.
The cell density of described solid porous polymer dielectric is 5.65 �� 1010��1.62 �� 1011/cm3, the aperture in described hole is 500nm��10 ��m.
A kind of solid porous method for preparing polymer electrolytes is further provided, comprises the following steps,
S1. by Kynoar and polycaprolactone melt blending 10��15min at 200 DEG C��220 DEG C temperature, obtain this binary composite being main base with Kynoar, the mass ratio of the Kynoar in material and polycaprolactone ranges for 1:1��9:1, the binary material obtained prepares certain thickness thin film with 200 DEG C��220 DEG C temperature in a mold, film thickness ranges for 0.05mm��0.5mm
S2. by the preheating temperature in the container of sealing to 90 DEG C, and being placed in container by thin film and inject supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, swelling more than 3h, in container, pressure controls as 18MPa��25MPa. Container is unloaded with the speed of 10MPa/s and is depressed into normal pressure, in 5min, container is opened and thin film is taken out, binary foamed porous material can be obtained,
S3. utilize electrolyte porous material is carried out soak activation 12h��36h, after just can obtain porous polymer electrolyte.
Electrolyte described in S3 is the organic solution of the dimethyl sulfoxide of the organic solution of the dimethylformamide of the organic solution of the dimethyl acetylamide of lithium perchlorate, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, lithium salts, lithium salts or lithium salts.
The application in substituting traditional neat liquid electrolyte system of a kind of above-mentioned solid porous polymer dielectric is additionally provided.
It is an advantage of the current invention that:
1. the present invention utilizes Kynoar for main base, and polyester, as the second matrix, utilizes a kind of porous polymer material of supercritical carbon dioxide foaming method preparation, soaks, through electrolyte, the polymer dielectric obtaining a kind of porous after activation.
2. one aspect of the present invention make use of the special construction of Kynoar high-k with itself, play its dissociating power to lithium salts, add second matrix on the other hand, greatly reduce the degree of crystallinity of Kynoar, reduce because its degree of crystallinity is for the impact of ion migration, finally make use of the second matrix can foam in supercritical carbon dioxide and form the characteristic of loose structure, be prepared for loose structure Electolyte-absorptive, add the passage of lithium ion transport.
3. Kynoar/polyesters porous polymer electrolyte that prepared by the present invention has high ionic conductivity, good mechanical property, and it is higher with energy density to be assembled into the ratio electric capacity that electrochemical device records, production process is simple and environmentally-friendly, material has safety as electrolyte, the characteristics such as leakage accident will not be produced, can be used for substituting traditional neat liquid electrolyte system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is this system composite (PVDF/PCL=83:17) shape appearance figure in the secure execution mode (sem after foaming.
Fig. 2 is the AC impedance curve of the ultracapacitor of this PVDF/PCL porous polymer electrolyte.
Fig. 3 is the charging and discharging curve of the ultracapacitor of this PVDF/PCL porous polymer electrolyte.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. Unless stated otherwise, the present invention adopts reagent, equipment and method are the conventional commercial reagent of the art, equipment and conventional use of method.
What embodiment was investigated is prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide foaming with Kynoar be main base ternary porous material after electrolyte activates, be assembled into the chemical property of ultracapacitor device.
Embodiment 1
Fusion method prepares PVDF/PCL binary composite, wherein the mass ratio of PVDF and the PCL of composite is 83/17, prepare thickness composite material film between 100 ��m��300 ��m, utilize supercritical carbon dioxide foaming technology that composite is foamed, pressure is 25MPa, swelling time is 3h, temperature 90 DEG C in container, the porous material of gained is at shape appearance figure such as Fig. 1 of SEM, its hot strength is 33.1MPa, the porous material finally obtained is at the N of the lithium perchlorate that concentration is 1mol/L, N-dimethyl acetylamide electrolyte carries out soak activation 24h, electrode adopts activated carbon, and (specific surface area is about 1800cm2/ g), stock quality proportioning is according to activated carbon: acetylene black: the mixed slurry of politef=82:10:8, suppresses film forming on the table, by the film of compacting in vacuum drying oven in 80 DEG C of more than freeze-day with constant temperature 24h. Collector adopts rustless steel briquetting, and collector/carbon electrode/porous polymer electrolyte/carbon electrode/collector/spring plate group is dressed up button cell by order, the ac impedance spectroscopy of test capacitors, gained such as Fig. 2, ionic conductivity is 9.34E-04S/cm. The charging and discharging curve that test capacitors is different, such as Fig. 3, the ratio electric capacity being calculated gained by discharge curve is 125.48F/g, and energy density is 156.85Wh/Kg.
Embodiment 2
Fusion method prepares PVDF/PCL/CNT binary composite, wherein the mass ratio of PVDF and the PCL of composite is 83/17, prepare thickness composite material film between 100 ��m��300 ��m, utilize supercritical carbon dioxide foaming technology that composite is foamed, pressure is 25MPa, swelling time is 3h, temperature 90 DEG C in container, and the porous material finally obtained is at electrolyte 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) ionic liquid carries out soak activation 24h, electrode adopts activated carbon, and (specific surface area is about 1800cm2/ g), stock quality proportioning is according to activated carbon: acetylene black: the mixed slurry of politef=82:10:8, suppresses film forming on the table, by the film of compacting in vacuum drying oven in 80 DEG C of more than freeze-day with constant temperature 24h. Collector adopts rustless steel briquetting, and collector/carbon electrode/porous polymer electrolyte/carbon electrode/collector/spring plate group is dressed up button cell by order, the ac impedance spectroscopy of test capacitors, gained such as Fig. 1, ionic conductivity is 2.99E-03S/cm. The charging and discharging curve that test capacitors is different, such as Fig. 3, the ratio electric capacity being calculated gained by discharge curve is 157.83F/g, and energy density is 197.29Wh/Kg.
Embodiment 3
Two step fusion methods prepare PVDF/PCL/CNT composite, wherein the mass ratio of PVDF and the PCL of composite is 62/38, prepare thickness composite material film between 100 ��m��300 ��m, utilize supercritical carbon dioxide foaming technology that composite is foamed, pressure is 25MPa, swelling time is 3h, temperature 90 DEG C in container, the porous material finally obtained carries out soaking activation 24h in electrolyte 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) ionic liquid, electrode adopts activated carbon (specific surface area is about 1800cm2/g), stock quality proportioning is according to activated carbon: acetylene black: the mixed slurry of politef=82:10:8, suppress film forming on the table, by compacting film in vacuum drying oven in 80 DEG C of more than freeze-day with constant temperature 24h.Collector adopts rustless steel briquetting, and collector/carbon electrode/porous polymer electrolyte/carbon electrode/collector/spring plate group is dressed up button cell by order, the ac impedance spectroscopy of test capacitors, gained such as Fig. 1, ionic conductivity is 2.24E-03S/cm. The charging and discharging curve that test capacitors is different, such as Fig. 3, the ratio electric capacity being calculated gained by discharge curve is 112.91F/g, and energy density is 141.13Wh/Kg.
Claims (5)
1. a solid porous polymer dielectric, it is characterised in that mixed by Kynoar and polycaprolactone, then adopt the preparation of supercritical carbon dioxide foaming technology to obtain.
2. solid porous polymer dielectric according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cell density of described solid porous polymer dielectric is 5.65 �� 1010~1.62��1011/cm3, the aperture in described hole is 500nm ~ 10 ��m.
3. a solid porous method for preparing polymer electrolytes, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps,
S1. by Kynoar and polycaprolactone melt blending 10 ~ 15min at 200 DEG C ~ 220 DEG C temperature, obtain this binary composite being main base with Kynoar, the mass ratio of the Kynoar in material and polycaprolactone ranges for 1:1��9:1, the binary material obtained prepares certain thickness thin film with 200 DEG C ~ 220 DEG C temperature in a mold, film thickness ranges for 0.05mm��0.5mm
S2. by the preheating temperature in the container of sealing to 90 DEG C, and thin film is placed in container and injects supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, swelling more than 3h, in container, pressure controls as 18MPa��25MPa, container is unloaded with the speed of 10MPa/s and is depressed into normal pressure, in 5min, container is opened and thin film is taken out, binary foamed porous material can be obtained
S3. utilize electrolyte porous material is carried out soak activation 12h ~ 36h, after just can obtain porous polymer electrolyte.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the electrolyte described in S3 is the organic solution of the dimethyl sulfoxide of the organic solution of the dimethylformamide of the organic solution of the dimethyl acetylamide of lithium perchlorate, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, lithium salts, lithium salts or lithium salts.
5. a solid porous polymer dielectric according to claim 1 application in substituting traditional neat liquid electrolyte system.
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| CN109167076B (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2021-05-18 | 河北世昌汽车部件有限公司 | Electrolytic water catalytic membrane material for preparing hydrogen for fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN109616697A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-04-12 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | Magnesium ion battery polymer dielectric film and preparation method thereof |
| CN109473716A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-03-15 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | Lithium ion battery polymer electrolyte film and preparation method thereof |
| CN110571480B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-01-29 | 河南理工大学 | Preparation method of high-strength high-tensile alkaline solid polymer electrolyte |
| CN113054248B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-11-29 | 张家港市国泰华荣化工新材料有限公司 | Composite solid electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114432732B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2023-08-22 | 上海科技大学 | Supercritical extraction device and method for porous material |
| CN116387612B (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-12-15 | 北京纯锂新能源科技有限公司 | Polymer electrolyte membrane, preparation method and metal lithium battery |
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