CN104021198A - Relational database information retrieval method and device based on ontology semantic index - Google Patents
Relational database information retrieval method and device based on ontology semantic index Download PDFInfo
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/28—Databases characterised by their database models, e.g. relational or object models
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- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/30—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of unstructured textual data
- G06F16/36—Creation of semantic tools, e.g. ontology or thesauri
- G06F16/367—Ontology
Abstract
The invention relates to a relational database information retrieval method and device based on an ontology semantic index. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, information of a database is automatically extracted to form the ontology database semantic index; then, word segmentation is conducted on a query statement of a user according to a user dictionary extracted from the index; finally, an sql statement is automatically established through an sql statement generation algorithm, the database is connected, a query result is returned to the user, and therefore semantic retrieval of the relational database is realized. Compared with the prior art, the relational database information retrieval method and device have the advantages that structural data can be queried in the mode similar to that of non-structural data query; meanwhile, only the structure of the database and key information concerned by the user are led into an ontology knowledge base, so that the storage cost and the synchronous updating cost are lower; moreover, the database is used for managing the query function of a system to realize query, and therefore the response time is greatly shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of database information retrieval method and device, particularly a kind of relational database information search method and device based on Ontology index, belongs to Computer Applied Technology field.
Background technology
Computer information retrieval starts from the beginning of the fifties, and in the developing history of more than 40 years, computer information retrieval has been gone through off-line retrieval substantially, online information retrieval, networking online information retrieval three phases.Present stage, the information retrieval technique based on key word and the PageRank of Google algorithm was quite ripe.But the database information retrieval of the large data age of enterprises especially in database retrieval field, except manually writing sql statement retrieval and inquisition, still lacks other better automatiom information retrieval technical research.
Semantic network technology is one of focus of current internet technical research.The Word message of the use in the most page is not easy to machine and automatically processes, and is only suitable for the own reading comprehension of people.How to solve data and the slower problem of message context development that can automatically process, on network, quantity of information sharp increase, people share in the urgent need to computing machine today that knowledge arranges this pressure, become a difficult problem of information retrieval.Semantic net is just as the potential scheme that solves this difficult problem web3.0 that is otherwise known as.
A core technology---the body (Ontology) of realizing as semantic net, has defined and has formed basic terms and the relation thereof of the vocabulary of subject fields, and defined in conjunction with these terms and relation the rule that vocabulary off-balancesheet is prolonged.
The target of body is the knowledge of catching association area, common understanding to this domain knowledge is provided, determine in this field the vocabulary of common approval, and provide the clearly definition of mutual relationship between these vocabulary (term) and vocabulary from the formalization pattern of different levels.
Along with the rise of semantic network technology, the intelligent search based on semantic becomes the next target of search engine.These researchs are the retrieval to unstructured data mostly, for the structurized database especially database information retrieval of the large data age of enterprises, still lack certain research.Although wherein the rare retrieval based on ontology knowledge storehouse has formed ontology file, all examples and information all need to import in ontology file, and for the large-scale data of enterprises, obviously reality and extendability neither be fine not.
In general, there is following problem in existing research:
(1) in information retrieval field, seldom there is the retrieval research of pair structured database.
(2) although some researchs combine semantic network technology, but all data are all poured in ontology knowledge storehouse and gone, the final retrieval that equals ontology knowledge storehouse, not only causes storage overhead to increase, and ontology knowledge storehouse also becomes problem with the renewal of synchronizeing of database simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for solving the efficient retrieval problem to the database of similar unstructured data retrieval, key search is combined with ontology in semantic net, a kind of relational database information search method and device based on Ontology index is provided, realizes the key search function to the similar unstructured data of database.
The thought of the inventive method is the information formation ontology database semantic indexing by Automatic Extraction database, then according to the user dictionary extracting, user's query statement is carried out to participle from index, finally by sql statement generating algorithm, automatically build sql statement, by database, be connected to form Query Result and return to user, thereby realize the semantic retrieval to relational database.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A relational database information search method based on Ontology index, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, to given database to be retrieved, according to defined ontology file structure, other train value that the tabular name of Automatic Extraction database and primary key column or user are concerned about generates ontology file;
The ontology file that step 2, scanning step one generate, extracts word and self-defined part of speech and builds User Defined dictionary;
Step 3, to user's inquiry, use participle instrument to carry out participle and part-of-speech tagging according to custom dictionaries;
The result of step 4, corresponding participle generates template according to sql statement and automatically generates sql statement, and sql statement generative process is as follows:
According to the classification of User Defined part of speech, the final word segmentation result of user's input is daob, dait, and the combination between these three kinds of parts of speech of indi and this three kinds of parts of speech.For single-mode (being one at the most of every kind of part of speech), array mode in a total 3+3+1=7, for every kind of array mode, disposal route is as follows:
Situation 1:A/daob:select*from A;
Situation 2:B/dait: the table name of enumerating all B of comprising is selected (if only have one, directly acquiescence is selected) for user, changes into situation 4;
Situation 3:C/indi: enumerate all row names that comprise example C and select (if only have one, directly acquiescence is selected) for user, change into situation 6;
Situation 4:A/daob+B/dait:select B from A;
Situation 5:A/daob+C/indi:select*from A where D=' C ' (D is the row under example C);
Situation 6:B/dait+C/indi: the table name of enumerating all B of comprising is selected (if only have one, directly acquiescence is selected) for user, changes into situation 7;
Situation 7:A/daob+B/dait+C/indi:select B from A where D=' C ' (D is the row under example C).
For non-single-mode, for at least one self-defined part of speech, comprise more than one word segmentation result, whether as per list (APL) example associated packets, judge whether that relevant method is as follows: between tabular, for each table (being the data object subclass in body) and each, be listed as (being the data item subclass in body) according to the data object attribute of body the inside, see between them the data object attribute association that whether has " having data item ", have and be just classified as one group, be not classified as different groups.Between row and example, for each row and example, judge that whether this example is that the example of these row is whether example belongs to the data item subclass that represents these row, is to be classified as one group, otherwise is classified as different groups.Each group is wherein again one of seven kinds of situations above, then processes respectively.
Step 5, for the sql statement generating, carry out data base querying, and return results to user.
By the operation of above-mentioned steps, the query statement that can be inputted by user automatically builds sql statement and forms Query Result and finally return to user.
A relational database information indexing unit based on Ontology index, comprises ontology file generating apparatus, extracts User Defined dictionary device, synchronous updating device, key word input media, participle device, sql statement generating apparatus, database inquiry device and data presentation device;
Described ontology file generating apparatus is for train value information that the given database of user and user are concerned about according to defined ontology file structure, and other train value that the tabular name of Automatic Extraction database and primary key column or user are concerned about generates ontology file;
Described extraction User Defined dictionary device is used for using participle instrument to use daob, dait and tri-kinds of parts of speech of indi to scan participle to ontology file, and part-of-speech tagging, and the group item that extracts word and part-of-speech tagging generates User Defined dictionary, between each group item, with ", ", separate;
When described synchronous updating device is listd the increase, deletion of example and modification for the database table of storing in occurring ontology file at database, synchronously upgrade ontology knowledge storehouse and custom dictionaries;
Described key word input media is for receiving user's query statement;
Described participle device is for being used participle instrument to carry out participle and part-of-speech tagging according to custom dictionaries user's query statement;
Described sql statement generating apparatus builds corresponding sql statement for generating template according to sql statement to the word segmentation result of user's query statement;
Described database inquiry device is used for using sql statement Query Database and returns to Query Result;
Described data presentation device is shown to user for the Query Result that database inquiry device is returned.
Beneficial effect
Contrast prior art, the present invention possesses following beneficial effect:
(1) can use keyword query structural data in the mode of class non-structural data enquiry, can share unified query interface with non-structure query, user does not need to understand sql standard can realize the inquiry to structural data.
(2) the present invention only imports ontology knowledge storehouse by the key message of database structure and user's care, and storage overhead and synchronous renewal expense are all less, and the query function of usage data base management system self realization inquiry, and the response time also improves greatly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the relation between ontology file structure and class and class.
Fig. 2 is electric power the whole network day statistical form array structure.
Fig. 3 is power transformer day statistical form array structure.
Fig. 4 is library information concrete in embodiment and the body construction of data object information.
Fig. 5 is data object in embodiment: the body construction of the concrete data item information that electric power the whole network day is added up.
Fig. 6 is data object in embodiment: the body construction of the concrete data item information that power transformer day is added up.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the data flow schematic diagram of the inventive method.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of key word input media of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the structural representation of data presentation device of the present invention.
Embodiment
For technical scheme of the present invention is better described, below by two example tables, the present invention will be further described.
The present embodiment using Domestic Database reach dream as retrieval database, database name is PSIDP_SEARCH, the address of database is localhost:12345/PSIDP_SEARCH, electric power the whole network day statistical form array structure wherein as shown in Figure 2, power transformer day statistical form array structure as shown in Figure 3, as shown in Figure 8, detailed process is as follows for the data flow of search method:
Step 1, to given database PSIDP_SEARCH to be retrieved, according to defined ontology file structure, first use the metadata of jdbc accessing database the tabular name in extracted data storehouse and primary key column example, title row example in adding up electric power the whole network day, plant stand in adding up power transformer day ranks example, then by jena, generates ontology file;
Ontology file is owl file, and based on xml extend markup language, file can carry out our defined class or example of mark by different signs.In body, can define class and relation and example, wherein class is the abstractdesription of concept, and relation is called again attribute, comprise two kinds, that data object attribute is the relation between class and class, another kind be data type attribute be class and data type as integer, the relation of character string type etc.Example is the instantiation of class, the relation of similar class in program design and example.Ontology file in the present invention has defined three top layer classes, is respectively library information, data object and data item (storehouse in correspondence database, shows respectively, row).Wherein library information has the data type attribute of storehouse type and two string types of storehouse link address, the address connecting as database.For each concrete database, the subclass of model library information, then sets up an example of this subclass, and a plurality of databases just have the example of subclass and the subclass of a plurality of library informations.Each table in storehouse is as a subclass of data object, and each row in table are as a subclass of data item.The data object subclass that the subclass of each library information can generate with table by this database set up " have data object " data object attribute associated, each can be associated with the data object attribute of the data item subclass foundation " having data item " of column-generation in this table by the data object subclass of showing to generate.So just can derive wherein all tabulars and the association in tabular storehouse by a complete database, for conventional database column example or the major key of table, extract concrete train value, as the example of row object, be stored in body owl file.The extraction of file adopts to generate and adopts java to use jdbc and body java api jena structure java program automatically to generate.Incidence relation between ontology file structure and class and class is as Fig. 1.In actual database application, seldom the structure of database is upgraded to retouching operation, that the additions and deletions of data are looked into and changed mostly, so in the renewal corresponding to ontology file, when the example that writes the row object of ontology file in database changes, can revise corresponding ontology file example by trigger event.
For example, according to the structure content of the database structure body shown in this example, as Fig. 4, it is associated as Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 that data object electric power the whole network day is added up the data item of adding up with power transformer day.Wherein, about class, attribute and example part description and the ontology file structure in ontology file is as follows:
The ontology file that step 2, scanning previous step generate, generates User Defined dictionary.
Class in the ontology file that previous step generates can be divided into following several types: the data object in ontology file, and the table in database, is used daob as self-defined part of speech; Data item in ontology file, the row in database table, are used dait as self-defined part of speech; Example in ontology file, the value of some key column in table, is used indi as self-defined part of speech.Group item sequence according to word and part-of-speech tagging thereof in above definition extraction ontology file generates custom dictionaries, wherein between each group item, with ", ", separates.During extraction, adopt the java api jena of body to carry out, use respectively method listclasses () and listIndividuals () in jena to list all classes and example, for class, by method getSuperClass (), according to its parent, judge again its type: if parent is data object, its part of speech is exactly daob, if parent is data item, its part of speech is exactly dait.Can generate accordingly each class and example and their part of speech, as user dictionary, with txt form, deposit.
Electric power the whole network day statistics/daob for example, power transformer day statistics/daob, ID/dait, maximum time of origin/dait, minimum value/dait and the whole network load/indi, Yuan Zhuan/indi etc.
Step 3, user's inquiry is carried out to participle and part-of-speech tagging according to custom dictionaries.
ICTCLAS is the Chinese word segmentation that comprises of Chinese Academy of Sciences's development, part-of-speech tagging, and named entity recognition, neologisms are identified, and support the outstanding Words partition system of user-oriented dictionary simultaneously.By using ICTCLAS Words partition system that user's read statement is cut into the word sequence with part-of-speech tagging.User's input may be one and wherein need only the word in the User Defined dictionary that includes previous step generation in sentence with the query statement of subjective intention, just by its cutting and according to User Defined dictionary, mark corresponding part of speech.The maximal value of inputting the whole network load as user is how many, cut result after word and be the whole network load/indi and maximal value/dait. and for example the transformer title in user's input electric power transformer day statistics Zhong Yuan village which has, the result of cutting after word is power transformer day statistics/daob, Yuan Zhuan/indi and title/dait.
Step 4, to cutting word result, according to sql statement, generate masterplate and generate sql statement.As the maximal value of the whole network load of previous step is how many, be indi+dait, belong to situation 6, due in two tables, have maximal value this, can return to two table names, user clicks when statistics electric power the whole network day and add up where title=' the whole network load ' (can form sql statement equally if click power transformer day statistics, but can to cause Query Result being sky owing to not having name to be called an example that the whole network loads in power transformer day statistics) final generated statement select maximal value from electric power the whole network day; Which the transformer title in the power transformer day statistics Zhong Yuan village of previous step has, and daob+dait+indi, belongs to situation 7, finally generated statement select title from power transformer day adds up where plant stand name=' Yuan Zhuan '.The inquiry of single-mode above, if add up the non-single-mode inquiry of the plant stand name of adding up peak and low valley and power transformer day user's input electric power the whole network day, result can be by electric power the whole network day statistics/daob, peak/dait, low ebb/dait is as one group, and power transformer day statistics/daob, plant stand name/dait forms respectively sql statement as other one group.
Step 5, the sql statement that uses previous step to generate carry out data base querying, return results to user.Maximal value for the whole network load is how many, returns results 16330,15793,16251,17912,14343 etc.; Which transformer title for Yuan Zhuan has return results Ji Bei. Yuan Zhuan/220kV.1# transformer-Gao and Ji Bei. and Yuan Zhuan/220kV.2# transformer-Gao.For non-single-mode, return to the result of different query statements.
Indexing unit of the present invention as shown in Figure 7, comprises ontology file generating apparatus, extracts User Defined dictionary device, synchronous updating device, key word input media, participle device, sql statement generating apparatus, database inquiry device and data presentation device.
Ontology file generating apparatus and extract User Defined dictionary device for obtaining the Back ground Information of indexing unit of the present invention wherein, synchronous updating device is for keeping the synchronous of information between database and ontology file, User Defined dictionary.Operating process is as follows:
Use tabular name and the primary key column of ontology file generating apparatus extracted data storehouse PSIDP_SEARCH to obtain ontology file;
Use extraction User Defined dictionary device to obtain User Defined dictionary;
Use synchronous updating device synchronously to upgrade ontology file and User Defined dictionary, renewal process is as follows:
When having data to increase operation, in ontology file, increase corresponding example, be increased to the data of interpolation to User Defined dictionary simultaneously;
When having data modification operation, delete the legacy data in ontology file and User Defined dictionary, then increase amended data to ontology file and User Defined dictionary;
When having data deletion action, delete the corresponding data in ontology file and User Defined dictionary;
When user configures by said apparatus after the Back ground Information of indexing unit, just can use other device to realize key search, detailed process is as follows:
User is by key word input media input inquiry statement, as shown in Figure 9, comprise that key word input area (1) and query statement send region (2), user is at key word input area input inquiry statement, as the maximal value of the whole network load is how many, then click " inquiry " (2) button, submit Query statement; Then participle device carries out participle and part-of-speech tagging by user's query statement; Sql statement generating apparatus builds corresponding sql statement to participle and part-of-speech tagging result; Database inquiry device is carried out sql statement and database is retrieved and returned result for retrieval; Data presentation device is shown to user by result for retrieval, as shown in figure 10, comprise territory, results display area (1), wherein (2) are normal sql statement Query Result, comprise the database table information of looked into data and the data message (3) showing with form, (4) corresponding sql statement generates the situation 2 in masterplate, has comprised hyperlink (5) in its result, clicks and shows situation 4 Query Results that transform.(6) corresponding sql statement generates the situation 3 in masterplate, and result has hyperlink (7) equally, clicks and shows situation 6 Query Results that transform.(8) be paging hurdle, every page shows 10 Query Results at the most.
Above-described specific descriptions; object, technical scheme and beneficial effect to invention further describe; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be used for explaining the present invention, the protection domain being not intended to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all; any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within protection scope of the present invention all should be included in.
Claims (3)
1. the relational database information search method based on Ontology index, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: to given database to be retrieved, according to defined ontology file structure, other train value that the tabular name of Automatic Extraction database and primary key column or user are concerned about generates ontology file;
Step 2: the ontology file that scanning step one generates, extracts word and self-defined part of speech and builds User Defined dictionary;
Step 3: use participle instrument to carry out participle and part-of-speech tagging according to custom dictionaries to user's inquiry;
Step 4: the result of corresponding participle generates template according to sql statement and automatically generates sql statement;
Step 5: to the sql statement executing data library inquiry generating, and return to Query Result to user.
2. a kind of relational database information search method based on Ontology index according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is as follows that described sql statement generates template:
Situation 1:A/daob:select*from A;
Situation 2:B/dait: the table name of enumerating all B of comprising is selected (if only have one, directly acquiescence is selected) for user, changes into situation 4;
Situation 3:C/indi: enumerate all row names that comprise example C and select (if only have one, directly acquiescence is selected) for user, change into situation 6;
Situation 4:A/daob+B/dait:select B from A;
Situation 5:A/daob+C/indi:select*from A where D=' C ' (D is the row under example C);
Situation 6:B/dait+C/indi: the table name of enumerating all B of comprising is selected (if only have one, directly acquiescence is selected) for user, changes into situation 7;
Situation 7:A/daob+B/dait+C/indi:select B from A where D=' C ' (D is the row under example C).
3. the relational database information indexing unit based on Ontology index, it is characterized in that, comprise ontology file generating apparatus, extract User Defined dictionary device, synchronous updating device, key word input described ontology file generating apparatus for train value information that the given database of user and user are concerned about according to defined ontology file structure, other train value that the tabular name of Automatic Extraction database and primary key column or user are concerned about generates ontology file;
Described extraction User Defined dictionary device is used for using participle instrument to use daob, dait and tri-kinds of parts of speech of indi to scan participle to ontology file, and part-of-speech tagging, and the group item that extracts word and part-of-speech tagging generates User Defined dictionary, between each group item, with ", ", separate;
When described synchronous updating device is listd the increase, deletion of example and modification for the database table of storing in occurring ontology file at database, synchronously upgrade ontology knowledge storehouse and custom dictionaries;
Described key word input media is for receiving user's query statement;
Described participle device is for being used participle instrument to carry out participle and part-of-speech tagging according to custom dictionaries user's query statement;
Described sql statement generating apparatus builds corresponding sql statement for generating template according to described sql statement to the word segmentation result of user's query statement;
Described database inquiry device is used for using sql statement Query Database and returns to Query Result;
Described data presentation device is shown to user for the Query Result that database inquiry device is returned.
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| CN110888876A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-03-17 | 平安科技（深圳）有限公司 | Method and device for generating database script, storage medium and computer equipment |
| CN112069400A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-11 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Whole-network searching method based on regional power grid information |
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