CN104019887B - A kind of rotating machinery vibrating Frequencies method for distinguishing - Google Patents
A kind of rotating machinery vibrating Frequencies method for distinguishing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104019887B CN104019887B CN201410214223.8A CN201410214223A CN104019887B CN 104019887 B CN104019887 B CN 104019887B CN 201410214223 A CN201410214223 A CN 201410214223A CN 104019887 B CN104019887 B CN 104019887B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of rotating machinery vibrating Frequencies method for distinguishing, it successively measures the speed vibrated and displacement first with portable vibration detecting table at the same observation station of rotating machinery, measures rotating machinery actual speed ξ then according to S=27020 × VMeasure/DMeasureCalculate the value of speed equivalent S; then η=S/ ξ is utilized to calculate the value of η; numerical value according to η distinguishes that the frequency of vibration of rotating machinery is belonging to low frequency, high frequency or speed; distinguish that result can follow the trail of reason and the location of fault of vibration fault fast and accurately according to its frequency of vibration; duty and service work to rotating machinery bring great convenience; substantially increase the work efficiency of staff's maintenance; reduce number of times and time that compressor emergency shutdown delays work, ensure the stability of whole production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rotating machinery vibrating Frequencies method for distinguishing.
Background technology
At present, rotating machinery generation vibration fault failure reason analysis to be carried out, wherein the analysis to frequency of vibration is the heaviest
Want.
In rotating machinery vibrating field, the definition to frequency of vibration height is: the frequency that frequency of vibration is corresponding higher than rotating speed
It is referred to as dither.The frequency that frequency of vibration is corresponding less than rotating speed is referred to as low-frequency vibration.The frequency that frequency of vibration is corresponding equal to rotating speed
Rate is referred to as fundamental vibration.Because the vibration mechanism of these three frequency is different, so judging to belong to which kind of frequency vibration to accurately event
Barrier judges extremely crucial.
But the function of vibration amplitude only measured by the portable vibration detecting table of general factories and miness, does not has the merit that frequency spectrum is offered an explanation
Energy.Instrumentation is expensive, needs special people to use.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved be to provide a kind of utilize portable vibration detecting table measurement data, by simple
Formula calculate to rotating machinery vibrating Frequencies method for distinguishing.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of rotating machinery vibrating Frequencies method for distinguishing, it specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1, use portable vibration detecting table successively measure the speed vibrated and displacement at the same observation station of rotating machinery, its
In, speed VMeasureTake virtual value Vrms, displacement DMeasureTake peak-to-peak value DP-P；
Step 2, in the case of vibrational waveform is single sine wave, utilize following formula (6) to calculate rotating speed equivalent S
Value:
S=27020×VMeasure/ DMeasure(6)；
Step 3, measure the value of actual speed ξ of rotating machinery；
Step 4, actual speed ξ recorded according to the rotating speed equivalent S and step 3 calculating gained in step 2, and utilize following
Formula (7) judges frequency of vibration:
η=S/ξ (7)；
When 1≤η≤1.1, vibration can be determined that it is fundamental vibration；
Work as η > 1.1, vibration can be determined that it is dither, and η is the biggest, and high fdrequency component is the most；
As η ＜ 1, vibration can be determined that vibration is low-frequency vibration.
Further, described formula (6) obtains in accordance with the following methods:
In the case of vibrational waveform is single sine wave, following formula (1), (2) are set up,
Up-p=2.828×Urms(1), i.e. peak-to-peak value=2.828 × virtual value,
Vp-p=2 π fDp-p(2), wherein π represents pi；
According to formula (1), then following formula (3) is had to set up,
VMeasure=Vrms= Vp-p/ 2.828 (3)；
According to formula (2), (3) and DMeasureUnit (peak-to-peak value μm), VMeasureUnit (virtual value mm/s) can be shaken
The expression formula (4) of dynamic frequency f；
F=2.828 × 1000 × VMeasure/2πDMeasure(4),
Wherein VMeasureAnd DMeasureOnly represent numerical value, do not consider further that unit；
Corresponding relation formula (5) according to frequency (Hz) and rotating speed (r/min) numerical value and the available formula of above-mentioned formula (4)
(6):
S=f × 60 (5)；
S=2.828 × 1000 × 60 × VMeasure/ (2 π DMeasure)=27020 × VMeasure/DMeasure(6)
The positive effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention utilizes conventional portable vibration detecting table and simple formula to calculate, and can distinguish whirler fast and effectively
The frequency of vibration of tool is belonging to low frequency, high frequency or speed, distinguishes that result can be quick and precisely according to its frequency of vibration
Follow the trail of the reason of vibration fault and location of fault, duty and service work to rotating machinery bring great side
Just, substantially increase the work efficiency of staff's maintenance, reduce number of times and time that compressor emergency shutdown delays work, ensured whole life
The stability produced.
Detailed description of the invention
Portable vibration detecting table is typically only capable to measure vibration amplitude.But conventional portable vibration assaying meter all has plural
Vibration measurement dimension, the measurement of the most domestic the most frequently used vm63 is acceleration (half peak value) 0-199.9m/s, speed respectively
(virtual value) 0-199.9mm/s, displacement (peak-to-peak value) 0-1999 μm.Different dimensions is different to the response of frequency of vibration
, method disclosed in the present application utilizes this feature to distinguish frequency of vibration composition.
According to mathematical theory, any waveform can be broken into a series of sine wave.Rotating machinery under normal circumstances
Vibration is exactly mainly the sine wave containing with rotating speed same frequency, and the waveform of other frequency is negligible.This situation
Time the rotating speed equivalent S that calculates be equal to the rotating speed of actual rotation machinery.If vibration can contain when rotor exists substantially bending
The vibration of 2 times of the highest speed-frequencies, the rotating speed equivalent S now calculated just must be noticeably greater than turning of actual rotation machinery
Speed.If rotating machinery there occurs that oil whip frequency of vibration can be the half of speed-frequency, the rotating speed S now calculated will
Rotating speed less than actual rotation machinery.
Conclude above description, it is assumed that equipment actual speed is ξ, calculate the ratio that frequency of vibration correspondence rotating speed equivalent is S, S and ξ
S/ξ is η, i.e. η=S/ξ, then:
During 1≤η≤1.1, then vibration can be determined that it is fundamental vibration, can be processed by means such as dynamic balancing.
η > 1.1, then vibration can be determined that and there is dither, shaft coupling centering to be checked whether is the best or rotor
There is bending.
η ＜ 1, then vibration can be determined that vibration has whether low frequency component, bearing film to be checked are destroyed, bearing bottom clearance
Whether exceed standard etc..
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
In certain power plant, a horizontal centrifugal pump exceeds standard vibration.
The speed of vibration and displacement all include the peak-to-peak value V of speedP-P, virtual value V of speedrmsPeak-to-peak value with displacement
DP-P, virtual value D of displacementrms, in the present embodiment, utilize measuring instrument vm63, measure to obtain bear vibration shift value DMeasureReach
105 μm (the peak-to-peak value D that fetch bit movesP-P), measure vibration speed value V at same observation station againMeasureFor 6.89mm/s, (take speed has
Valid value Vrms)。
Measuring this water pump actual speed ξ is 1490r/min.
Value according to following formula (6) calculating rotating speed equivalent S:
S=27020×VMeasure/ DMeasure=1773.03 (6), wherein, VMeasureAnd DMeasureRepresent numerical value, unrelated with unit.
Following formula (7) is utilized to calculate the value of η,
η=S/ξ=1773.03/1490=1.19 (7).
η=1.19 > 1.1, therefore judge to there is obvious dither.
First checked the shaft coupling connection between motor and water pump good, and then check that the rolling degree of rotor reaches
180 μm, namely there occurs the bending of 90 microns.After having changed rotor, the vibration of pump group recovers normal.
Embodiment 2
In certain steam power plant, a centrifugal induced-draught fan exceeds standard vibration.
Utilize measuring instrument vm63, measure to obtain bear vibration shift value DMeasureReach 165 μm (the peak-to-peak value D that fetch bit movesP-P),
Vibration speed value V is measured again at same observation stationMeasure(virtual value V of speed is taken for 6.28mm/srms)。
Measuring this induced-draught fan actual speed ξ is 990r/min.
Value according to following formula (6) calculating rotating speed equivalent S:
S=27020×VMeasure/ DMeasure=1028.4 (6), wherein, VMeasureAnd DMeasureRepresent numerical value, unrelated with unit.
Following formula (7) is utilized to calculate the value of η,
η=S/ξ=1028.4/990=1.039 (7).
η=1.039 ＜ 1.1, and η=1.039 > 1 therefore judge that vibration belongs to fundamental frequency.Vibration cause is long on inspection
Time runs ash deposit on draft fan impeller seriously and has abrasion, has carried out dynamic balance treatment after cleaning dust stratification.Induced-draught fan vibration drops to
Less than 90 microns.
Because low-frequency vibration occurrence probability is the least, enforcement during η ＜ 1 is omitted.
Last it is noted that above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, it is not intended to limit；Although
With reference to previous embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, it will be understood by those within the art that: it still may be used
So that the technical scheme described in previous embodiment to be modified, or wherein portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent；And
These amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from spirit and the model of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme
Enclose.
Claims (2)
1. a rotating machinery vibrating Frequencies method for distinguishing, it is characterised in that: specifically comprise the following steps that
Step 1, successively measure speed and the displacement of vibration at the same observation station of rotating machinery with portable vibration detecting table, wherein, speed
Degree VMeasureTake virtual value Vrms, unit is mm/s, displacement DMeasureTake peak-to-peak value DP-P, unit is μm；
Step 2, in the case of vibrational waveform is single sine wave, utilize following formula (6) calculate rotating speed equivalent S value:
S=27020×VMeasure/ DMeasure(6)；
Step 3, measure the value of actual speed ξ of rotating machinery；
Step 4, actual speed ξ recorded according to the rotating speed equivalent S and step 3 calculating gained in step 2, and utilize following formula
(7) frequency of vibration is judged:
η=S/ξ (7)；
When 1≤η≤1.1, vibration judgement is fundamental vibration；
Work as η > 1.1, vibration judgement is dither；
As η ＜ 1, vibration judgement is low-frequency vibration.
A kind of rotating machinery vibrating Frequencies method for distinguishing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described formula
(6) obtain in accordance with the following methods:
In the case of vibrational waveform is single sine wave, following formula (1), (2) are set up,
Up-p=2.828×Urms(1), i.e. peak-to-peak value=2.828 × virtual value,
Vp-p=2 π fDp-p(2), wherein π represents pi；
According to formula (1), then following formula (3) is had to set up,
VMeasure=Vrms= Vp-p/ 2.828 (3)；
According to formula (2), (3) and DMeasureUnit, VMeasureUnit can get the expression formula (4) of frequency of vibration f；
F=2.828 × 1000 × VMeasure/2πDMeasure(4)；
Corresponding relation formula (5) according to frequency (Hz) and rotating speed (r/min) numerical value and the available formula (6) of above-mentioned formula (4):
S=f × 60 (5)；
S=2.828 × 1000 × 60 × VMeasure/ (2 π DMeasure)=27020 × VMeasure/DMeasure(6).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111693284A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-22 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华东电力试验研究院 | Method and device for rapidly judging vibration frequency components of power plant bearing |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6128959A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 2000-10-10 | Eaton Corporation | Driveline vibration analyzer |
| CN201421365Y (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-03-10 | 安徽省电力科学研究院 | Portable vibration measuring and analyzing instrument |
| CN102661782A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-09-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Rapid measurement method and device of super-low-frequency vibration parameter quantity value |
| CN103791999A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-14 | 重庆理工大学 | Method for identifying vibration signals of horizontally-moving mechanism |
-
2014
- 2014-05-21 CN CN201410214223.8A patent/CN104019887B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6128959A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 2000-10-10 | Eaton Corporation | Driveline vibration analyzer |
| CN201421365Y (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-03-10 | 安徽省电力科学研究院 | Portable vibration measuring and analyzing instrument |
| CN102661782A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-09-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Rapid measurement method and device of super-low-frequency vibration parameter quantity value |
| CN103791999A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-14 | 重庆理工大学 | Method for identifying vibration signals of horizontally-moving mechanism |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111693284A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-22 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华东电力试验研究院 | Method and device for rapidly judging vibration frequency components of power plant bearing |
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