CN104016400A - Nanoscale cuprous oxide particle and synthesis method thereof - Google Patents

Nanoscale cuprous oxide particle and synthesis method thereof Download PDF

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CN104016400A
CN104016400A CN201410273135.5A CN201410273135A CN104016400A CN 104016400 A CN104016400 A CN 104016400A CN 201410273135 A CN201410273135 A CN 201410273135A CN 104016400 A CN104016400 A CN 104016400A
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juice
cuprous oxide
oxide particle
grade cuprous
particle
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CN104016400B (en
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陈龙
周权
王俊波
郑玉船
潘健
汪学文
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Huangshan Novel Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of the synthesis of cuprous oxide and particularly relates to a nanoscale cuprous oxide particle and a synthesis method thereof. A reaction system formed by Cu<2+> solution is prepared by a reduction reaction, the reaction system is under alkaline conditions, and the reaction system contains biomolecules capable of reducing Cu2<+> to Cu<+>, and being used as a nucleating template to form the nanoscale cuprous oxide particle, the biomolecules are juice formed by a vegetable or a fruit. Grapefruit juice and white radish juice both contain biomolecules, such as proteins, amino acids, vitamins and polysaccharides, the molecules contain negatively charged O, N and other atoms, which can attract Cu2<+>, provides nucleation sites, and plays a regulatory role in the growth process of the cuprous oxide crystal, and by virtue of the vitamin C and the like contained in the juice, a bivalent copper ion can be reduced to a monovalent copper ion to form cuprous oxide under alkaline conditions.

Description

Grade cuprous oxide particle and synthetic method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the synthesis technical field of Red copper oxide, be specifically related to a kind of grade cuprous oxide particle and synthetic method thereof.
Background technology
After second industrial revolution, industrial development is rapid, especially chemical engineering industry, and prospect is considerable.In bringing huge economic benefit, environmental pollution also becomes 21 century one of the problem of headache the most gradually.The photocatalysis technology of complying with the epoch and give birth to has brought hope undoubtedly.Announce for the first time Cu from Ikeda in 1998 2o can be after generation of hydrogen by dissociation of water and oxygen as photocatalyst, Cu 2o is taken seriously and becomes in the world the focus of research as the performance of photocatalyst.
Red copper oxide, oxide compound, copper is wherein monovalence, is generally reddish-brown solid, the organic solvent such as water-soluble and alcohol is easily oxidized to cupric under acidic conditions hardly, easily forms colourless title complex in liquor ammoniae fortis.Red copper oxide is a kind of important p-type semiconductor material, and its energy level difference is about 2.2eV, is compared to TiO 23.2eV, much lower, can under the radiation of sunlight, produce electron-hole pair completely, cause light-catalyzed reaction.And diameter is better at the catalytic effect of the Red copper oxide of nanoparticle sub level, because it has quantum size effect, make its valence band and conduction level become discrete energy levels, energy gap will broaden, and valence band current potential can become corrigendum, and that conduction band price can become is more negative.In other words be exactly that Nano semiconductor particles has stronger oxidation capacity and reducing power, therefore a lot of experts think that nano cuprous oxide can replace titanium dioxide and become photodissociation catalyzer of new generation.
Red copper oxide, except being widely used aspect photodissociation catalyzer, also has application prospect at aspects such as antifouling, sterilant, eelctro-catalysts.
The known preparation about grade cuprous oxide at present, mainly contain solid-phase synthesis, hydrothermal method, sedimentation etc., the inadequate environmental protection of ubiquity agents useful for same, cannot regulate and control Red copper oxide size and pattern, because obtaining the grade cuprous oxide of small scale more to such an extent as to cannot bring into play better the technological deficiencies such as its chemical property.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, one of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of synthetic method of grade cuprous oxide particle, this synthetic method is by introducing biomolecules, realize size and the pattern of cuprous oxide particle when synthetic and carry out Effective Regulation, and obtain the grade cuprous oxide particle that yardstick is less.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme: a kind of synthetic method of grade cuprous oxide particle, and by Cu 2+the reaction system that solution forms is made through reduction reaction, and this reaction system, under alkaline condition, and contains Cu in reaction system 2+be reduced into Cu +and be used as nucleation template to form the biomolecules of grade cuprous oxide particle, the juice of described biomolecules for being formed by vegetables or fruit.
As the synthetic method of grade cuprous oxide particle further preferably, described juice is Fructus Citri grandis juice and/or juice of white turnip.
As the further improvement of the synthetic method of grade cuprous oxide particle, by juice, alkali lye and Cu 2+solution mixing and stirring, Cu 2+and the mol ratio between the OH-in alkali lye is 1:2~4, in 30~60 DEG C of reaction 0.1~1h; Cooling, hocket centrifugation and carrying out washing treatment, the dry grade cuprous oxide particle that makes.
As the further improvement of the synthetic method of grade cuprous oxide particle, described Cu 2+solution is copper-bath, and described alkali lye is sodium hydroxide solution.
As the further improvement of the synthetic method of grade cuprous oxide particle, the preparation method of described juice is: shaddock and/or white turnip are cleaned to peeling, the pulp of 50~200g peeling is put into mortar, hocket and grind and filter at least one times, obtain juice.
In Fructus Citri grandis juice, juice of white turnip, all contain the biomolecules such as protein, amino acid, VITAMIN, polysaccharide element and carotene.In these molecules, contain the electronegative atom such as O, N, they can attract Cu 2+, nucleation site is provided, and the process of growth of cuprous oxide crystal is played to regulating and controlling effect, and vitamins C, the amino acid etc. in juice with reductibility can be reduced into univalent copper ion bivalent cupric ion under alkaline condition, form Red copper oxide.
The mechanism forming in vegetable and fruit juice in order to inquire into cuprous oxide particle, existing has carried out infrared spectrum characterization to two kinds of vegetable and fruit juice, with initial analysis contained organic components in them.Two kinds of juice preparing according to aforesaid method are dropped on a small amount of KBr solid, dry rear compressing tablet, carry out examination of infrared spectrum, infrared spectrogram refers to Fig. 1 a~1b.By analysis chart 1a~1b and documents and materials, can find out that what have reductibility is mainly vitamins C, vitamins C is reduced into monovalence by bivalent cupric ion under alkaline condition.Meanwhile, in juice, contain the amino acid and protein of some reductibilities, the formation of Red copper oxide is had a certain impact.In addition, in juice, there is a large amount of biomolecules, served as the effect of soft template, make reduzate Red copper oxide form the spherical or spherical particle of nano-scale.
The grade cuprous oxide particle that provides two kinds to prepare according to aforesaid method is provided, and this grade cuprous oxide particle is because yardstick is less, therefore can be in better effects of field performance such as photodissociation catalyzer, antifouling, sterilant, eelctro-catalysts.
When juice is chosen as Fructus Citri grandis juice, it is 100~500nm, the inner spherical or spherical particle shape for hollow structure that described grade cuprous oxide particle is diameter, and surface spherical or spherical particle has the circular opening that diameter is 50~100nm.
When juice is chosen as juice of white turnip, described grade cuprous oxide particle is the spheroidal particle shape that diameter is 0.5~1 μ m.
Grade cuprous oxide particle of the present invention and synthetic method thereof, beneficial effect compared with prior art shows:
1), use respectively scanning electronic microscope, infrared spectrometer, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer to characterize by the grade cuprous oxide particle to making known, size and the pattern of biomolecules to cuprous oxide particle plays a part regulation and control, in these molecules, contain the electronegative atom such as O, N, they can attract Cu 2+, nucleation site is provided, and the process of growth of cuprous oxide crystal is played to regulating and controlling effect, and the vitamins C etc. in juice with reductibility can be reduced into univalent copper ion bivalent cupric ion under alkaline condition, form Red copper oxide.
2) when, juice is chosen as Fructus Citri grandis juice, it is 100~500nm, the inner spherical or spherical particle shape for hollow structure that synthetic grade cuprous oxide particle is diameter, and surface spherical or spherical particle has the circular opening that diameter is 50~100nm.When juice is chosen as juice of white turnip, synthetic grade cuprous oxide particle is the spheroidal particle shape that diameter is 0.5~1 μ m.Hence one can see that, and by adding vegetable and fruit juice, size and the pattern that when synthetic, can realize cuprous oxide particle carry out Effective Regulation, and obtain the grade cuprous oxide particle that yardstick is less.And then make it can bring into play better effect in known art such as photodissociation catalyzer, antifouling, sterilant, eelctro-catalysts, and will certainly cause in other known and unknown fields numerous new application.
3), synthesis technique has simple to operation, scientific and efficient, the feature such as starting material are inexpensive, preparation cost is low, environmental protection, very easily in the commercial applications of industrialized production and grade cuprous oxide particle.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, optimal way of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 a~1b is the result that uses model to characterize for the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer of AVATAR-380 type to two kinds of vegetable and fruit juice.Fig. 1 a~Fig. 1 b is followed successively by the infrared spectrogram of Fructus Citri grandis juice, juice of white turnip.
Fig. 2 a1~2b2 is the result that target product to making uses scanning electron microscope that model is S-3400 to characterize.Fig. 2 a1 is the SEM figure that adds Fructus Citri grandis juice synthesized target product, and Fig. 2 a2 is the high magnification figure of Fig. 2 a1, and Fig. 2 b1 is the SEM figure that adds juice of white turnip synthesized target product, and Fig. 2 b2 is the high magnification figure of Fig. 2 b1.
Fig. 3 a~3b is the result that target product to making uses X-ray diffractometer that model is D8ADVANCE to characterize.Fig. 3 a~Fig. 3 b is followed successively by the X-ray diffractogram that adds Fructus Citri grandis juice, juice of white turnip synthesized target product.
Fig. 4 a~4b is the result that the target product to making uses model to characterize for the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer of AVATAR-380 type.Fig. 4 a~4b is followed successively by the infrared spectrogram of adding Fructus Citri grandis juice, juice of white turnip synthesized target product.
Fig. 5 a~5d is transmission electron microscope and the electron-diffraction diagram to adding Fructus Citri grandis juice synthesized target product.Fig. 5 a~Fig. 5 c is respectively the transmission electron microscope picture of different multiplying, and Fig. 5 d is selected area electron diffraction figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Adopt Fructus Citri grandis juice synthesis nano cuprous oxide particle
1, producing of Fructus Citri grandis juice
Get one of the fresh shaddock bought on market, peeling, leaves and takes pulp for subsequent use.Take 100g shaddock pulp and grind several times in mortar, then grinding product is carried out to suction filtration and obtain shaddock juice, pour in Erlenmeyer flask and save backup.
2, the preparation of solution
1., accurately take anhydrous cupric sulfate solid 12.8480g and dissolve in beaker, and in 250mL volumetric flask constant volume, be mixed with the copper-bath of 0.2mol/L.
2., accurately take NaOH solid 3.997g and dissolve in beaker, and in 250mL volumetric flask constant volume, be mixed with the NaOH solution of 0.4moL/L.
3, grade cuprous oxide particle is synthetic
Get 75mL0.2mol/L copper-bath in 250mL large beaker, add wherein 75mL shaddock juice, then add the sodium hydroxide solution of 75mL0.4mol/L, then add magneton, be placed in magnetic stirring apparatus and stir, and temperature is transferred to 60 DEG C, rotating speed is transferred to 14 turn/min, after 25min, stop stirring, take out after solution cool to room temperature, carry out centrifugally with whizzer, rotating speed is transferred to 3000 turn/min, centrifugal 10min, afterwards supernatant liquid is poured out, added appropriate washing with alcohol precipitation, until the upper strata stillness of night becomes colorless.Finally precipitation being placed on to (80 DEG C) in baking oven dries.
Embodiment 2
Adopt juice of white turnip synthesis nano cuprous oxide particle
1, producing of juice of white turnip
Get one of the fresh white turnip bought on market, peeling, leaves and takes pulp for subsequent use.Take 200g white turnip pulp and grind several times in mortar, then grinding product is carried out to suction filtration and obtain white turnip juice, pour in Erlenmeyer flask and save backup.
2, the preparation of solution
1., accurately take anhydrous cupric sulfate solid 25.6960g and dissolve in beaker, and in 250mL volumetric flask constant volume, be mixed with the copper-bath of 0.2mol/L.
2., accurately take NaOH solid 7.9940g and dissolve in beaker, and in 250mL volumetric flask constant volume, be mixed with the NaOH solution of 0.8mol/L.
3, grade cuprous oxide particle is synthetic
Get 10mL0.2mol/L copper-bath in 250mL large beaker, add wherein 20mL white turnip juice, then add the sodium hydroxide solution of 10mL0.4mol/L, then add magneton, be placed in magnetic stirring apparatus and stir, and temperature is transferred to 30 DEG C, rotating speed is transferred to 14 turn/min, after 25min, stop stirring, take out after solution cool to room temperature, carry out centrifugally with whizzer, rotating speed is transferred to 5000 turn/min, centrifugal 20min, afterwards supernatant liquid is poured out, added appropriate washing with alcohol precipitation, until the upper strata stillness of night becomes colorless.Finally precipitation being placed on to (80 DEG C) in baking oven dries.
One, the performance characterization of the grade cuprous oxide particle of embodiment 1~2 preparation:
1, the scanning electron microscope analysis of grade cuprous oxide particle
Fig. 2 a1~2b2 is the result that target product to making uses scanning electron microscope that model is S-3400 to characterize.Fig. 2 a1 is the SEM figure that adds Fructus Citri grandis juice synthesized target product, and Fig. 2 a2 is the high magnification figure of Fig. 2 a1, and Fig. 2 b1 is the SEM figure that adds juice of white turnip synthesized target product, and Fig. 2 b2 is the high magnification figure of Fig. 2 b1.
Can be found out by Fig. 2 a1, the Red copper oxide particle obtaining in shaddock juice is spherical or spherical particle, distribute comparatively even, and grain diameter 100~500nm.Can be found out by Fig. 2 a2, the surface ratio of product particle is more coarse, and carefully identification can find that large spheroid is to be tens nanometers by particle diameter small-particle assembles.It is the circular opening of 50~100nm that there is diameter on the surface of some spheroid, can inference section spheroid may be hollow structure.
Can be found out by Fig. 2 b1, in white turnip liquid, products therefrom is spheroidal particle, disperses more evenly, and particle diameter is in 0.5~1 about μ m.Can be found out by Fig. 2 b2, the surface ratio of product particle is more coarse.
2, the X diffraction analysis of grade cuprous oxide particle
Fig. 3 a~3b is the result that target product to making uses X-ray diffractometer that model is D8ADVANCE to characterize.Fig. 3 a~Fig. 3 b is followed successively by the X-ray diffractogram that adds Fructus Citri grandis juice, juice of white turnip synthesized target product.
Can find out from Fig. 3 a, near 2 θ are 29.70 °, 36.61 °, 42.51 °, 61.66 ° and 73.91 °, there are five diffraction peaks in the synthetic product of Fructus Citri grandis juice, reference standard card (JCPDS74-1230) can be found, correspond respectively to (110), (111), (200) of isometric system Red copper oxide, the characteristic diffraction peak of (220) and (311) face, wherein the diffraction peak intensity of (111) face is the highest, proves that product is Red copper oxide.
Can find out from Fig. 3 b, the synthetic product of the product that juice of white turnip is synthetic and Fructus Citri grandis juice is very approaching, there is equally (110), (111), (200) of isometric system Red copper oxide, the characteristic diffraction peak of (220) and (311) face, proved that products therefrom is also Red copper oxide.
Therefore, as shown in Figure 3, the product of embodiment 1~2 preparation is Red copper oxide.
3, the Infrared spectroscopy of grade cuprous oxide particle
Fig. 4 a~4b is the result that the target product to making uses model to characterize for the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer of AVATAR-380 type.Fig. 4 a~Fig. 4 b is followed successively by the infrared spectrogram of adding Fructus Citri grandis juice, juice of white turnip synthesized target product.
From Fig. 4 a~4b, the synthetic product of two kinds of juice 3433~3448,2160,2073,1637,1414,1107~1111,617~619cm -1there is infrared absorption peak at place, wherein 3433~3448,1637,1414cm -1may be the absorption of the group such as hydroxyl, amino, amido linkage, carboxyl of the biomolecules such as amino acid, albumen, vitamins C at place, 617~619cm -1may be the characteristic absorbance of Red copper oxide, this shows to contain in products therefrom Red copper oxide two kinds of biomolecules in vegetable and fruit juice.
Therefore,, from Fig. 4 a~4b, in the product Red copper oxide of embodiment 1~2 preparation, contain biomolecules.
Transmission electron microscope and the electron diffraction of the grade cuprous oxide that 4, prepared by embodiment 1
Fig. 5 a~5d is transmission electron microscope and the electron-diffraction diagram to adding Fructus Citri grandis juice synthesized target product.Fig. 5 a~Fig. 5 c is respectively the TEM figure of different multiplying, and Fig. 5 d is selected area electron diffraction figure.
Can find out from Fig. 5 a, product be shaped as spherical or class is spherical, particle diameter 100~500nm, this is consistent with scanning electron microscopic observation result.In addition, be it can also be seen that by Fig. 5 b, in the middle of some particle, bright surrounding is dark, and it is hollow structure for deducibility.Can be found out by Fig. 5 c, the edge of particle is lighter, and biomolecules parcel has been described.On selected area electron diffraction figure, there is array of light spots (shown in Fig. 5 d), shown that in shaddock juice, gained Red copper oxide is single crystal structure.From Fig. 5 a~5d, grade cuprous oxide prepared by embodiment 1 is the monocrystalline Red copper oxide that part has hollow structure.
Two, the research of reaction mechanism
1, the mensuration of Vitamin C content in Fructus Citri grandis juice, juice of white turnip
The starch solution of getting 20mL juice, 100mL distilled water, 15mL2mol ∕ L HAc solution, 15mL1% joins the Erlenmeyer flask kind of 250mL.Use I 2standardized solution titration juice, parallel titration three times.I 2the consumption of standardized solution is respectively a mL, b mL, c mL, and average-volume is d=(a+b+c)/3.The Vc content of juice is: Vc%=C i2v i2× 176.12 ∕ 30.
By calculating, the Vitamin C content in Fructus Citri grandis juice, juice of white turnip is followed successively by 0.15,0.35mg/mL.
2, the Infrared spectroscopy of Fructus Citri grandis juice, juice of white turnip
Fig. 1 is the result that uses model to characterize for the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer of AVATAR-380 type to four kinds of vegetable and fruit juice.Fig. 1 a~Fig. 1 b is followed successively by the infrared spectrogram of Fructus Citri grandis juice, juice of white turnip.
As seen from Figure 1, two kinds of juice 3450~3458,2069~2071,1637~1639,1417,1136,642,621cm -1there is infrared absorption peak at place, may belong to the absorption of the groups such as the hydroxyl, amino, amido linkage, carboxyl of the biomolecules such as amino acid, albumen, vitamins C and polysaccharide element, this shows may contain various biomolecules in two kinds of juice, as amino acid, protein, VITAMIN and polysaccharide element etc.
3, specific conductivity and the pH of mixed solution when reaction starts and finishes
Get two parts of 20mL0.2mol ∕ L copper-baths in 100mL small beaker, add wherein 20mL shaddock juice, fully stir it is mixed with glass stick, after several minutes, survey respectively its pH and specific conductivity.The copper sulfate of getting 20mL0.2mol ∕ L is placed in 100mL small beaker, adds wherein 20mL distilled water, fully stirs it is mixed with glass stick, surveys its specific conductivity and pH after several minutes.The data obtained is as shown in table 1.
Specific conductivity and the pH of solution before and after table 1 copper sulfate mixes with fruit juice
Solution composition Specific conductivity μ s/cm pH
20mLCu 2++20mLH 2O 7.34 3.34
20mLCu 2++ 20mL shaddock juice 7.28 2.42
As can be seen from Table 1, the specific conductivity of copper sulfate solution is 7.34 μ s/cm, and the specific conductivity of the mixing solutions of cupric ion and shaddock juice only has 7.28 μ s/cm, can illustrate between some biomolecules in cupric ion and juice interaction has occurred, thereby cause the rate of migration of the removable ion in solution to reduce, also strongly proved that some biomolecules in juice provides template for the growth of Red copper oxide particle.From the variation of pH, can find that these two kinds of solution are all acidic solutions, and bivalent cupric ion is easily reduced into elemental copper in acidic solution, be unfavorable for the synthetic of Red copper oxide, the synthetic of the Red copper oxide further illustrating need to complete under alkaline condition.
In addition, characterize us from the infrared spectra of product above and transmission electron microscope and also can find out, in the Red copper oxide that two kinds of juice makes, contain biomolecules.And, the surface irregularity of products therefrom particle.Therefore, these cuprous oxide crystals may be that Jie who forms by the approach of non-classical crystallization sees crystal.First, in solution, form initial nano particle by nucleation process, next the biomolecules in vegetable and fruit juice is by modifying the size and the pattern that change initial nano particle, there is directed gathering in a small amount of particle producing in solution under lower degree of supersaturation, nano particle subunit in polymer moves generation druse, and this process is accompanied by restructuring and the desorption process of the biomolecules in vegetable and fruit juice.
Above-described embodiment is described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; design under the prerequisite of spirit not departing from the present invention; various distortion and improvement that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical scheme of the present invention, all should fall in the definite protection domain of the claims in the present invention book.

Claims (7)

1. a synthetic method for grade cuprous oxide particle, by Cu 2+the reaction system that solution forms is made through reduction reaction, it is characterized in that: this reaction system, under alkaline condition, and contains Cu in reaction system 2+be reduced into Cu +and be used as nucleation template to form the biomolecules of grade cuprous oxide particle, the juice of described biomolecules for being formed by vegetables or fruit.
2. the synthetic method of grade cuprous oxide particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described juice is Fructus Citri grandis juice and/or juice of white turnip.
3. the synthetic method of grade cuprous oxide particle according to claim 2, is characterized in that: by juice, alkali lye and Cu 2+solution mixing and stirring, Cu 2+and the mol ratio between the OH-in alkali lye is 1:2~4, in 30~60 DEG C of reaction 0.1~1h; Cooling, hocket centrifugation and carrying out washing treatment, the dry grade cuprous oxide particle that makes.
4. the synthetic method of grade cuprous oxide particle according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described Cu 2+solution is copper-bath, and described alkali lye is sodium hydroxide solution.
5. the synthetic method of grade cuprous oxide particle according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described juice is: shaddock and/or white turnip are cleaned to peeling, the pulp of peeling is put into mortar, hocket and grind and filter at least one times, obtain juice.
6. the grade cuprous oxide particle that as described in claim 3 or 4 or 5 prepared by synthetic method, it is characterized in that: described juice is Fructus Citri grandis juice, it is 100~500nm, the inner spherical or spherical particle shape for hollow structure that described grade cuprous oxide particle is diameter, and surface spherical or spherical particle has the circular opening that diameter is 50~100nm.
7. the grade cuprous oxide particle that as described in claim 3 or 4 or 5 prepared by synthetic method, is characterized in that: described juice is juice of white turnip, and described grade cuprous oxide particle is the spheroidal particle shape that diameter is 0.5~1 μ m.
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CN109603851A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-04-12 合肥学院 A kind of preparation method and application of silver/cuprous oxide composite material
CN110354906A (en) * 2019-08-27 2019-10-22 合肥学院 A kind of Cu2O/ chitin composite membrane and preparation method thereof

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