CN104007089A - Scattered opto-acoustic detection method and opto-acoustic detector - Google Patents

Scattered opto-acoustic detection method and opto-acoustic detector Download PDF

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CN104007089A
CN104007089A CN201410223375.4A CN201410223375A CN104007089A CN 104007089 A CN104007089 A CN 104007089A CN 201410223375 A CN201410223375 A CN 201410223375A CN 104007089 A CN104007089 A CN 104007089A
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sample chamber
light
sample
acoustic
opto
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CN104007089B (en
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吴泳波
唐志列
吴丽如
黄敏芳
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South China Normal University
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South China Normal University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a scattered opto-acoustic detector. The scattered opto-acoustic detector comprises a light source, a sample chamber and an acoustic sensor. The inner wall of the peripheral side wall of the sample chamber is coated with a light absorption material layer; the light source is arranged outside one side of the bottom surface of the sample chamber and is used for irradiating the sample chamber; the acoustic sensor is communicated with the side wall of the sample chamber. The scattered opto-acoustic detector provided by the invention can be used for detecting scattered opto-acoustic signals of weak-absorption high-scattering samples, overcomes the defect that a transmitting opto-acoustic technique only aims at high-absorption samples, has the characteristics of simple and compact structure, small size, high sensitivity, convenience in use and the like, can be widely applied to the fields of clinical medical treatment and diagnosis and the like, and provides a novel representation means.

Description

A kind of scattered light acoustic detection method and optoacoustic detector
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optoacoustic detection technology, particularly a kind of optoacoustic detection method and optoacoustic detector thereof of the sample for weak absorption.
Background technology
Along with the development of modern science and technology, medical imaging has great significance to the Clinics and Practices of various diseases.Biological tissue is carried out to the important means that imaging is postgraduate's fabric texture pathology.At present, the formation method being widely used medically mainly contains: x-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (magnetic reso-nance tomography, MRT), ultrasonic imaging etc.In these above-mentioned imaging techniques, all because radiation youngster causes certain damage to human body.X ray claims again roentgen-ray, and it has the ability of penetrating material, but different to its penetrating power of different material, has perniciasm.X-ray imaging is according to the difference of the density of tissue and thickness, makes tissue on video screen or film, form image, so some lesion tissue cannot judge, and the long-term frequent x radial imaging that uses will impair health of people.MRT technology is to utilize hydrogen nuclei in tissue to be encouraged in magnetic field and a kind of imaging technique that nmr phenomena produces magnetic phenomenon occurs.It has the features such as radiation and apparatus expensive.Ultrasonic imaging is a kind of Non-Destructive Testing to biological tissue, but its formation method relies on the acoustic impedance with biological tissue, because the acoustic reactance of some tumor tissues is without obvious difference, this just limits the utilization scope of ultrasonic imaging technique and but the contrast of its reconstructed picture is lower.
Photoacoustic imaging technology is a kind of Non-Destructive Testing medical imaging technology of development in recent years, and it combines the advantage of optical imagery and ultrasonic imaging, is progressively becoming a new research direction of medical science Non-Destructive Testing.Optoacoustic effect is the basis of medical science photoacoustic imaging research.During light beam irradiates absorber that the used time becomes, absorber produces ultrasound wave because of expanded by heating, and this phenomenon is called optoacoustic effect, and the ultrasound wave of generation is called photoacoustic signal.Medically, use section pulse laser uniform irradiation on the surface of biological tissue, it is heat energy that biological tissue absorbs light energy conversion, and tissue local is heated up, and there is thermal-elastic expansion, produce ultrasonic signal, utilizing suitable algorithm to carry out image reorganization, just can obtain the photoacoustic image of biological tissue.Due to photoacoustic imaging be utilize the absorption of luminous energy distribute response organization inside structure, be a kind of unionized, radiationless Non-Destructive Testing.It combines the advantage of the high-penetration degree of depth of high resolving power, high-contrast and the pure acoustics imaging of pure optical imagery effectively, can realize the imaging precision of micron dimension and the investigation depth of centimetre magnitude, there is complete Noninvasive, without ionising radiation, the outstanding characteristic such as harmless, in biomedicine, there is application prospect very widely, as: the medical imaging detection fields such as melanomatous detection, microvessel structure and functional imaging, endoscopic technique, visual gene expression imaging, molecular imaging, cerebral function imaging.
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, wherein, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of traditional optoacoustic spectroscopy detection system, work schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is target sample optoacoustic detection.Light source produces short-pulse laser S1, by optical element, expand, after forming intersity modulated beam, expose to target sample to be detected, this target sample absorbs beam energy fast as absorbing sample, in target sample, organizes expanded by heating, produces sound wave S2, this sound wave S2 will outwards propagate through tissue, can be placed on sample microphone S3 around and detect, photoacoustic signal is converted to electric signal by microphone, and this electric signal forms image by signal processing system again.Can adopt rotation sweep mode, or adopt complex array detector, the photoacoustic waves pressure intensity that just can obtain zones of different in Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation undertissue distributes.The size of photoacoustic waves pressure is directly related to the degree of absorption of laser energy with tissue, and light absorption is stronger, and the photoacoustce signal intensity at this place is higher.Therefore, utilize the photoacoustic waves distribution receipt detecting, by filtered back projection, carry out image reconstruction, just can obtain the light absorption distributed image of tissue.
But current traditional opto-acoustic microscopic imaging technology is all to absorb the detection of the photoacoustic signal producing for target sample self or label.Yet, in microcosmic biological cell sample, not all samples all has thermal absorption to a certain specific wavelength pulse laser, has many biological cell sample itself cannot paired pulses laser absorption and produce photoacoustic waves, thereby cannot survey by photoacoustic imaging technology the image of this type of sample.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of optoacoustic detector that can detect absorbing sample a little less than light is provided, realize unmarked weak organism-absorbing cell sample opto-acoustic microscopic imaging.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions: a kind of optoacoustic detector, comprises light source, sample chamber and sonic transducer; The inwall of the surrounding sidewall of this sample chamber is coated with light absorbent layer; Light source is arranged on the external irradiation sample chamber of bottom surface, sample chamber one side, and this sonic transducer is communicated with the sidewall of sample chamber.
Further, also comprise the coupler that a pair of sound wave amplifies, the input end of this coupler is communicated with the sidewall of sample chamber, and output terminal is connected with sonic transducer.
Further, also comprise and lead sound passage, this leads one end of sound passage and the sidewall of sample chamber is communicated with, and the other end is communicated with the input end of coupler.
Further, described light absorbent layer is black iron oxide layer.
Further, described sonic transducer is piezoelectric type sonic transducer, comprise piezoelectric membrane and peripheral circuit, this piezoelectric membrane is arranged on the output terminal of coupler so that acoustic signals is converted to voltage signal, the input end of this peripheral circuit connects respectively the two poles of the earth of this piezoelectric membrane, and the voltage signal of its generation is amplified and filtering.This piezoelectric membrane is PVDF film.
Further, this peripheral circuit comprises sequentially charge amplifier, bandpass filter, voltage amplifier and the low-pass filter of serial connection.
Than prior art, the detectable weak scattered light acoustical signal that absorbs strong scattering sample of optoacoustic detector of the present invention, has made up and has transmitted an optoacoustic detection technology defect for strong absorption sample; Simultaneously, can realize and general laser flying-spot microscope slitless connection, the scattered light acoustical signal of detectable sample arbitrfary point, rebuild the scattering optoacoustic micro-image of sample, have simple and compact for structure, volume is little, the feature such as highly sensitive and easy to use, can be widely used in the fields such as clinical treatment diagnosis, a kind of new characterization method is provided.
Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a kind of scattered light acoustic detection method.Its technical scheme is: a kind of scattered light acoustic detection method, make the weak target sample absorbing of Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation produce scattered light, make light scattering be incident upon light absorbent, this light absorbent absorbs photon and produces corresponding sound wave, then by detecting this sound wave, obtains the image of target sample.
Further, the iron oxide that this light absorbent is black.
The detectable weak scattered light acoustical signal that absorbs strong scattering sample of scattered light acoustic detection method of the present invention, has made up and has transmitted an optoacoustic detection technology defect for strong absorption sample.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of traditional optoacoustic spectroscopy detection system.
Work schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is target sample optoacoustic detection.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of a kind of scattered light detector of sound of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of the peripheral circuit in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 adopts the traditional optoacoustic micrograph of prior art to a sample (oral cavity epicuticle cell).
Fig. 6 adopts the scattering optoacoustic micrograph of a kind of scattered light detector of sound of the present invention to same sample.
Referring to drawings and the specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
Because the weak organism-absorbing cell sample as target sample cannot have enough thermal absorption intensity by paired pulses laser, thereby cannot produce the sound wave of sufficient intensity.In order to make pulse laser pass through can produce sound wave after target sample, inventor increases the light absorbent with high absorption coefficient and produces sound wave in light path.After sequentially adjusting, light path repeatedly obtains, in light path, sequentially place the light absorbent of light source, target sample and high absorption coefficient, the pulse laser being produced by light source is after passing through target sample, original optical path scattering, again after the material via high absorption coefficient, produced detectable sound wave, and this sound wave has carried the structural information of this target sample.A kind of scattered light detector of sound of detectable weak absorption sample is provided thus.
Refer to Fig. 3, it is the structural representation of optoacoustic detector of the present invention.This optoacoustic detector comprises light source 12, sample chamber 14, leads sound passage 16, coupler 18 and sonic transducer 19, and the inwall of this sample chamber 14 is coated with the light absorbent layer 15 of a high absorption coefficient.Target sample A to be detected is arranged on cover glass 13, and is placed on the window at 14 bottom centre places, sample chamber, and light source irradiates after target sample A its detection.This sample chamber 14, lead sound passage 16 and coupler 18 is sequentially communicated with, this sonic transducer 19 is connected in one end of this coupler 18, and is connected with signal processing apparatus or image processing apparatus (not shown).This sample chamber 14, lead sound passage 16, coupler 18 and sonic transducer 19 and be arranged on and in a matrix case, be integrated into an integral body.
Particularly, this light source 12 is modulated the rear pulsed light beam producing for continuous light source (400-2500nm) is subject to chopper, and it forms focused beam through microcobjective (not shown).
The chamber that this sample chamber 14 is sealing, it is symmetrical structure.In the present embodiment, this sample chamber 14 is right cylinder, and the inwall of its side applies the light absorbent layer 15 of high absorption coefficient, in order to absorb photon, produces sound wave.And upper bottom surface in this sample chamber does not apply light absorbent layer, to avoid that the trajectory light absorption that does not see through sample is converted to sound wave.The material of this light absorbent layer can be: iron oxide, carbon black, pine soot are idle, graphite, nigrosine, sulfuration nigrosine etc.In the present embodiment, the iron oxide layer that this light absorbent layer 15 is black, its thickness is between 0.05mm-0.3mm.
This leads sound passage 16 for superfine strip channel, and it is communicated with sidewall and the coupler 18 of this sample cavity 14, adopts the material of non-sound absorption to make, and makes the sound wave producing at sample cavity 14 conduct to coupler 18 along leading sound passage 16.In the present embodiment, this leads sound passage 16 for cylindrical channel, and its aperture is between 0.2mm-0.5mm.It should be noted that, this leads sound passage only for the passage of conduction sound, is not the structure of necessity of the present invention.
This coupler 18 is similarly the chamber of sealing, adopts the material of non-sound absorption to make, and in the present embodiment, this coupler is cylindrical structural.The volume of this coupler 18 matches with the volume of leading sound passage 16, according to last of the twelve Earthly Branches nurse hertz resonance principle, sound wave is interior through multiple reflections generation resonance at this coupler 18, makes sound wave amplitude reach maximum, thereby can make sonic transducer 19 be more prone to this acoustic signals of sensing.
This sonic transducer 19 comprises piezoelectric membrane 192 and peripheral circuit 194.This piezoelectric membrane 192 is highly sensitive PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric membrane in the present embodiment, in order to respond to sound wave.In the present embodiment, the vertical setting of direction of vibration of this piezoelectric membrane 192 and sound wave, farthest sensing sound wave.In the present embodiment, this peripheral circuit 194 comprises charge amplifier 1942, bandpass filter 1944, voltage amplifier 1946 and low-pass filter 1948.This peripheral circuit has input end I1, I2 and output terminal O1, O2.Wherein, input end I1, I2 connect respectively the two poles of the earth of piezoelectric membrane, and output terminal 01,02 is to connect outside image processing apparatus (not shown).The vibration that the sound wave that coupler 18 amplifies makes this piezoelectric membrane 192 produce corresponding frequencies, owing to there is forward piezoelectric effect, this piezoelectric membrane 192 is converted to electric signal by mechanical energy, just produces the voltage identical with frequency of sound wave.Then by peripheral circuit 194 filtering and by voltage amplification, finally by image processing apparatus, show image.
Particularly, refer to Fig. 4, this charge amplifier 1942 comprises operational amplifier A 1, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3, capacitor C 1 and capacitor C 2.The normal phase input end of described operational amplifier A 1 is connected in series with the input end I1 of peripheral circuit by resistance R 1; The inverting input of described operational amplifier is electrically connected to the input end I2 of this peripheral circuit; The two ends of described resistance R 2 are electrically connected to reverse input end with the normal phase input end of operational amplifier A 1 respectively; Described capacitor C 1 is in parallel with this resistance R 2; The two ends of described resistance R 3 are electrically connected to output terminal with the normal phase input end of operational amplifier A 1 respectively; Described capacitor C 2 is in parallel with this resistance 43.The output terminal of operational amplifier A 1 is as the output terminal of charge amplifier.Charge amplifier is a kind of output voltage and the prime amplifier that input charge amount is directly proportional, and utilizes electric capacity to make the degenerative high-gain amplifier of the degree of depth of feedback element.The internal impedance of piezoelectric transducer own is very high, output electrical signals is very faint, conventionally first sensor signal is first input in the prime amplifier of high input impedance, after impedance exchange, can again signal be input in indicating instrument or register with general amplification demodulatoring circuit.
This bandpass filter 1944 comprises operational amplifier A 2, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, resistance R 6, capacitor C 3 and capacitor C 4.The output terminal of described operational amplifier A 1 is connected in series with the normal phase input end of operational amplifier A 2 by resistance R 4, capacitor C 4 successively; The negative-phase input of described operational amplifier A 2 is electrically connected to the input end I2 of peripheral circuit; Described resistance R 5 two ends respectively with resistance R 4 and capacitor C 4 between electric connection point and the input end I2 of peripheral circuit be electrically connected to; The two ends of described resistance R 6 are electrically connected to normal phase input end and the output terminal of operational amplifier A 2 respectively; The two ends of described capacitor C 4 respectively with resistance R 4 and capacitor C 4 between electric connection point and the output terminal of operational amplifier A 2 be electrically connected to.The output terminal of operational amplifier A 2 is as the output terminal of bandpass filter.This bandpass filter is for the signal of the Mid Frequency of filtered electrical signal.
This voltage amplifier 1946 comprises operational amplifier A 3, resistance R 7, resistance R 8 and resistance R 9; The output terminal of operational amplifier A 2 is connected in series with the normal phase input end of operational amplifier A 3 by resistance R 7; The two ends of resistance R 8 are electrically connected to the negative-phase input of operational amplifier A 3 and the negative-phase input of peripheral circuit respectively; The two ends of described resistance R 9 are electrically connected to normal phase input end and the output terminal of operational amplifier A 3 respectively.The output terminal of described operational amplifier A 3 is as the output terminal of the anti-large device of voltage.
This low-pass filter 1948 comprises operational amplifier A 4, resistance R 10, resistance R 11, resistance R 12, resistance R 13 and capacitor C 5.The output terminal of operational amplifier A 3 is connected in series with the normal phase input end of operational amplifier A 4 by resistance R 10 and resistance R 12 successively; The two ends of resistance R 11 respectively with resistance R 10 and resistance R 12 between electric connection point and the input end I2 of peripheral circuit be electrically connected to; The two ends of resistance R 13 are electrically connected to the negative-phase input of operational amplifier A 4 and the input end I2 of peripheral circuit respectively; The two ends of resistance R 14 are electrically connected to normal phase input end and the output terminal of operational amplifier A 4 respectively; Capacitor C 5 is in parallel with resistance R 14.The output terminal of operational amplifier A 4, as the output terminal of low-pass filter, is also the output terminal O1 of peripheral circuit simultaneously.This low-pass filter is for the low frequency signal of filtered electrical signal.
Optoacoustic detector of the present invention all can detect the target sample of strong and weak light absorption, and its principle of work is as follows:
The bundle of washing off that light source produces forms focused beam through microcobjective, certain that then sees through that cover glass is focused at target sample A a bit on.
When target sample A be high light absorb sample time, light beam is absorbed by target sample A, target sample A absorbs beam energy fast as absorbing sample, in target sample A, organizes expanded by heating, produces sound wave.Because the light absorbent layer 15 on 14 inwalls of sample chamber only absorbs light, so the sound wave that target sample A produces can not be subject to the impact of this light absorbent layer 15 in sample chamber 14.The sound wave that sample A produces is exaggerated after leading sound passage 16 in coupler 18, then by sonic transducer 19, is converted to electric signal.
When target sample A is weak absorption or while not absorbing light, light beam is scattered during by target sample A, thereby light beam has changed the direction of conduct.The scattered light of different angles has carried the structural information of the correspondence position of this target sample A.After light beam is scattered during by target sample A, beat on the light absorbent layer 15 that the sidewall in sample chamber 14 applies, after light absorbent layer 15 absorbs photons, convert corresponding sound wave to; And light beam is not directed to the upper bottom surface of sample chamber 14 by the part of target sample A, due to the uncoated light absorbent in bottom surface of sample chamber 14, therefore, light beam can not be converted into sound wave by the trajectory light part of target sample A.After sample A scattering, the sound wave producing through light absorbent is exaggerated in coupler 18 through leading sound passage 16, then by sonic transducer 19, is converted to electric signal.
Sonic transducer 19 is converted to electric signal by acoustic signals, and voltage amplification and the filter action of process charge amplifier, bandpass filter, voltage amplifier and low-pass filter, can carry out slitless connection with general laser flying-spot microscope, the scattered light acoustical signal of detectable sample arbitrfary point, the scattering optoacoustic micro-image of reconstruction sample.
Refer to as Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.Wherein, Fig. 5 adopts the traditional optoacoustic micrograph of prior art to a sample (oral cavity epicuticle cell), and Fig. 6 adopts the scattering optoacoustic micrograph of optoacoustic detector of the present invention to same sample.Relatively two figure are known, and the scattering optoacoustic micrograph in Fig. 6 is more clear, has higher resolution and contrast, and the resolution of imaging is to approximately 0.3 μ m.
Than prior art, the detectable weak scattered light acoustical signal that absorbs strong scattering sample of the present invention, has made up and has transmitted an optoacoustic detection technology defect for strong absorption sample; Simultaneously, can realize and general laser flying-spot microscope slitless connection, the scattered light acoustical signal of detectable sample arbitrfary point, rebuild the scattering optoacoustic micro-image of sample, have simple and compact for structure, volume is little, the feature such as highly sensitive and easy to use, can be widely used in the fields such as clinical treatment diagnosis, a kind of new characterization method is provided.
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that above-mentioned preferred implementation should not be considered as limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a scattered light detector of sound, is characterized in that: comprise light source, sample chamber and sonic transducer; The inwall of the surrounding sidewall of this sample chamber is coated with light absorbent layer; Light source is arranged on the external irradiation sample chamber of bottom surface, sample chamber one side, and this sonic transducer is communicated with the sidewall of sample chamber.
2. optoacoustic detector according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise the coupler that a pair of sound wave amplifies, the input end of this coupler is communicated with the sidewall of sample chamber, and output terminal is connected with sonic transducer.
3. optoacoustic detector according to claim 2, is characterized in that: also comprise and lead sound passage, this leads one end of sound passage and the sidewall of sample chamber is communicated with, and the other end is communicated with the input end of coupler.
4. optoacoustic detector according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described light absorbent layer is black iron oxide layer.
5. optoacoustic detector according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described sonic transducer is piezoelectric type sonic transducer, comprise piezoelectric membrane and peripheral circuit, this piezoelectric membrane is arranged on the output terminal of coupler so that acoustic signals is converted to voltage signal, the input end of this peripheral circuit connects respectively the two poles of the earth of this piezoelectric membrane, and the voltage signal of its generation is amplified and filtering.
6. optoacoustic detector according to claim 5, is characterized in that: this piezoelectric membrane is PVDF film.
7. optoacoustic detector according to claim 6, is characterized in that: this peripheral circuit comprises sequentially charge amplifier, bandpass filter, voltage amplifier and the low-pass filter of serial connection.
8. a scattered light acoustic detection method, it is characterized in that: make the weak target sample absorbing of Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation produce scattered light, make light scattering be incident upon light absorbent, this light absorbent absorbs photon and produces corresponding sound wave, then by detecting this sound wave, obtains the image of target sample.
9. scattered light acoustic detection method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the iron oxide that this light absorbent is black.
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