CN104007049A - Classification method of microscopic pores on mud shale - Google Patents
Classification method of microscopic pores on mud shale Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a classification method of microscopic pores on mud shale. The classification method comprises the following steps: according to the basic form, observing the sizes of the pores under a microscope and classifying the pores into microscopic pores and microscopic cracks; according to the origins, classifying the microscopic pores into organic-matter pores, protogenic intercrystalline (grain) pores and secondary dissolved pores; according to a position relation of matrix components and particles around the microscopic pores, carrying out detailed classification on the microscopic pores; according to the origins, observing the characteristics of the pores under the microscope, and classifying the microscopic cracks into bedding cracks, construction cracks, corrosion cracks, diagenetic shrinkage cracks and overpressure cracks and the like. The classification method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that a classification method of microscopic reservoir space of the mud shale based on a 'form-origin-component' comprehensive classification scheme and following the three-stage classification principle, and a set of effective representation scheme is provided for studying the reservoir space of the reservoir of the mud shale, so that convenience is brought for further showing the relation between different pore types and the reservoir performance, and the application prospect in unconventional oil-gas exploration and development is wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum exploration & development geology field, be specifically related to a kind of microscopic void sorting technique of mud shale.
Background technology
At present, successful exploration exploitation along with north America region shale gas, caused the upsurge of global unconventional oil gas research, and the research of mud shale hole has become one of primary problem solving of mud shale oil gas, no matter choose in mud shale oil-gas exploration layer position, the aspect such as resource potential evaluation, the research of mud shale microcosmic reservoir space is all significant.
The propositions such as Loucks must solve two problems in mud shale reservoir study: what the reservoir space of (1) oil gas in rock be, have how many; (2) thus oil gas arrives wellhole along what passage from matrix seepage flow to induction crack.Solve this two problems, need specifically the pore texture of mud shale reservoir to be studied, the microscopic features such as type, size, form, distribution that comprise hole, reservoir space and seepage flow approach (Montgomery S Letal., 2005 in like this could clear and definite shale; Jarvie D Metal., 2007; Curtis, 2002).The different mud shale types such as calcilutite, siliceous mudstone, silty all have bigger difference not only on pore size, and on porosity type, feature and pore diameter distribution.Therefore the microscopic void research that, system is carried out mud shale reservoir is to current mud shale exploratory development have great importance (Pollastro R M, 2007; Aplin A C, 2011).External some scholars has started the research work of this direction, and the research in domestic this field is very few at present.
In view of porosity type and feature, mud shale is preserved type, containing (oil) gas feature, aggregation characteristic, fluid output etc., has material impact, foreign scholar has done some researchs to the micropore structure of mud shale.Loucks etc. be take Barnett, and a set of to be rich in organic black siliceous shale be research object, application Ar ion beam polishing and scanning electron microscope (SEM) technology, obtained a large amount of high resolving power blowhole view data in shale, and classified by features such as form, size, distributions.Slatt etc. are divided into following several porosity type to the hole of having found in Barnett and Woodford shale from the origin cause of formation: the intergranular pore that (1) flocculation produces, (2) organic hole of burying, forming in maturation, (3) the intragranular hole relevant to biosome, (4) mineral grain internal holes, (5) microchannel in shale matrix, (6) microfracture.These holes are due to the difference in the origin cause of formation and feature, also different with the impact of percolation ability on preserving of shale gas.
Along with developing rapidly of domestic mud shale research, for mud shale hole, classification has proposed new viewpoint to domestic scholars.Cui Jingwei etc. utilize industry CT series radiation scanning technology, high-pressure mercury (MICP)-nitrogen adsorption (N
2)-carbon dioxide absorption (CO
2) flow process realizes the quantitatively characterizing of mud shale hole; Chen Shangbins etc. propose to utilize presses mercury measuring pore texture, in conjunction with TOC and mineralogical composition, builds mud shale pore texture classification schemes; Yu Ping Song proposes occurrence-structure composition classification schemes of shale gas reservoir pore space.
Research for microcosmic reservoir at present mainly relies on the technology such as field observation, microsection, scanning electron microscope and X diffraction, shale hole is divided into the hole between organic matter (pitch) hole and/or kerogen network, mineral matter hole (mineral specific surface, intracrystalline hole, intracrystalline pore, corrosion hole and assorted datum hole gap etc.) and organic and various mineral according to the origin cause of formation and composition factor more, and crack is divided into huge, large-scale, medium-sized, small-sized, miniature crack 5 classes by growth scale.Different porosity type, pore size, types of fractures and crack scale, different to the contribution of shale energy storage, production capacity, effect is also different.In addition, the hole of shale can be divided into primary pore and secondary pores by history of evolution, secondary pores mostly is and destroys the hole that transformation (comprising sample preparation process) causes particle detachment to form postmenstruation, under scanning electron microscope, there are the features such as circle, ellipse, the degree of depth be more shallow more, in research process, should give rejecting.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly the defect existing for prior art, providing a kind of follows reclassify principle and classifies, integration classified scheme based on " form-origin cause of formation-composition ", for preserving space research, mud shale reservoir provides a set of effective characterization scheme, solve the problem such as reservoir space and seepage channel feature in mud shale reservoir, the sorting technique of the mud shale of offering help for mud shale evaluating reservoir.
Its technical scheme is: a kind of microscopic void sorting technique of mud shale, comprises the following steps:
1), according to grown form, Microscopic observation pore size, is divided into micropore and microfracture;
2), according to genetic classification, micropore is divided into hole and secondary dissolution pore between organic hole, primary crystal (grain);
3) according to micropore matrix components and micropore is carried out to classification with the position relationship of particle around;
4), according to genetic classification, Microscopic observation pore character, is divided into bedding seam, build joint, corrosion seam, diagenesis shrinkage joint and superpressure seam etc. by microfracture.
Micropore in described step 1) is the circular holes that diameter is less than 2mm, and microfracture is that length breadth ratio non-circular, Microscopic observation is greater than 5, the hole of length range between 50um to 2cm.
Described step 2) in, organic hole is the hole that corrosion kalzit and clay mineral etc. form in organic agglomerate, between primary crystal (grain) hole be present between the clay minerals such as illite and the carbonate mineral such as kalzit, rauhkalk between hole draw, secondary dissolution pore is the hole that has Dissolution Characteristics.
In described step 3), according to organic pore size distribution position, can be divided into organic internal capillary and organic edge micropore etc., according to intracrystalline pore particle type, can be divided between hole between clay mineral crystalline substance (grain), carbonate mineral brilliant (grain) micropore between other particles such as hole, long English matter mineral, according to dissolution pore development position, can be divided into dissolution pore between crystalline substance (grain), the interior dissolution pore of crystalline substance (grain) and matrix dissolution pore.
In described step 4), to deposit filling-half filling organic matter between bedding, microfracture between the material such as clay or carbonate is divided into bedding seam, seam face on rock core is straight, there is bad break and the part of lamina or all by kalzit filling, be divided into build joint, to grow in grey matter, the layer position that the easily dissolved component content such as Yun Zhi are high, the crack with Dissolution Characteristics is divided into corrosion seam, mud stone is being heated, dehydration or the factor such as fluid communication shrink a kind of and aspect that effect forms and are bordering on parallel fracture type and are divided into diagenesis shrinkage joint while affect, a kind of irregular secondary fracture that mud stone is produced under surpressure or low pressure effect is divided into superpressure seam.
The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages: the present invention is by analysis and research mud shale pore character, set up a kind of based on " form-origin cause of formation-composition " integration classified scheme, follow the mud shale microcosmic reservoir space sorting technique of reclassify principle, for preserving space research, mud shale reservoir provides a set of effective characterization scheme, solve the problem such as reservoir space and seepage channel feature in mud shale reservoir, for mud shale evaluating reservoir is offered help simultaneously.
Embodiment
The present invention implements by following concrete operation step:
1) according to grown form, observe pore size, the circular holes that general diameter is less than 2mm is divided into micropore, and length breadth ratio non-circular, Microscopic observation is greater than 5, and the hole of length range between 50um to 2cm is divided into microfracture;
2) according to genetic classification, observe pore character, the hole of the formation such as corrosion kalzit and clay mineral in organic agglomerate is divided into organic hole; By be present between the clay minerals such as illite and the carbonate mineral such as kalzit, rauhkalk between hole be divided into hole between primary crystal (grain); The hole that has Dissolution Characteristics is divided into secondary dissolution pore;
3) according to micropore matrix components and micropore is carried out to classification with the position relationship of particle around, as being divided into organic internal capillary and organic edge micropore etc. according to organic pore size distribution position; According to intracrystalline pore particle type, can be divided between hole between clay mineral crystalline substance (grain), carbonate mineral brilliant (grain) micropore between other particles such as hole, long English matter mineral; According to dissolution pore development position, can be divided into dissolution pore between crystalline substance (grain), the interior dissolution pore of crystalline substance (grain) and matrix dissolution pore;
4) according to the origin cause of formation, carry out microfracture classification, as the microfracture between the materials such as filling-half filling organic matter, clay or carbonate between deposition bedding is divided into bedding seam; Seam face on rock core is straight, there is bad break and the part of lamina or all by kalzit filling, be divided into build joint; To grow in the high layer position of the easily dissolved component content such as grey matter, Yun Zhi, the crack with Dissolution Characteristics is divided into corrosion seam; By mud stone being heated, the factor such as dehydration or fluid communication shrinks a kind of and aspect that effect forms and is bordering on parallel fracture type and is divided into diagenesis shrinkage joint while affecting; A kind of irregular secondary fracture that mud stone is produced under surpressure or low pressure effect is divided into superpressure seam.
Embodiment:
The abundant two sections of various complexity of shale reservoir space type of Subei Basin, and in work area, brittle mineral is more, affected by volcano, tectonization larger, and microcosmic reservoir space classification difficulty is larger, adopts this method, and the porosity type of different characteristic is divided.
The first step, observe the rock core in this work area and microsection, stereoscan photograph, according to dividing foundation, the circular holes that diameter is less than to 2mm is divided into micropore, length breadth ratio non-circular, Microscopic observation is greater than 5, and the hole of length range between 50um to 2cm is divided into microfracture.
Second step, according to the origin cause of formation, micropore is classified, the hole of the formation such as corrosion kalzit and clay mineral in organic agglomerate in work area is divided into organic hole, by be present between the clay minerals such as illite and the carbonate mineral such as kalzit, rauhkalk between hole be divided into hole between primary crystal (grain), the hole that has Dissolution Characteristics is divided into secondary dissolution pore.
The 3rd step, according to micropore matrix components and organic micropore is carried out to classification with the position relationship of particle around, organic Kong Yousan kind form in work area: one for being distributed in the organic internal capillary of organic floc sedimentation inside, be aggregate cellular, single hole plane is that order-disorder is oval, and face rate can reach 30%, varying aperture scope is wide, from nanoscale to micron order, all have distribution, all footpath 1.76um, mostly is cellular gathering; Two is the organic edge micropore of growing around organic matter, also can cut through organic inner, is crescent-annular, mostly is nano-pore, all footpath 154nm; Three is the organic hole with pyrite, is polygon-ellipse in plane, at the pyrite intercrystalline with organic symbiosis, grow, and be nano-pore, equal footpath 219nm.
The 4th step, according to micropore around matrix components and and the position relationship of particle classification is carried out in hole between primary crystal (grain), between work area brilliant (grain), hole is divided into three kinds by particle type: one is hole between clay mineral brilliant (grain), chamber shape, strip, triangle etc., grow between the clay minerals such as illite, connective good, equal footpath 836nm; Two is hole between carbonate mineral brilliant (grain), and polygon or annular, grow between the carbonate minerals such as rauhkalk, kalzit, many isolated distributions, all footpath 1.652um; Three is hole between other particles brilliant (grain) such as long Ying Zhi, and polygon or closely oval, grows in particle periphery, many isolated distributions, all footpath 2.851um.
The 5th step, according to micropore matrix components and dissolution pore is carried out to classification with the position relationship of particle around, work area dissolution pore is divided into three types by pores'growth position: one is dissolution pore between brilliant (grain), semi-ring or polygon, be distributed in crystalline substance (grain) periphery, with corrosion, strengthen its connective increasing, all footpath is 2.453um, between brilliant (grain), dissolution pore can be described as the result of generation corrosion in hole between primary crystal (grain), and its development degree is subject to that underground water enters, easy molten mineral, ore deposit ion concentration etc. are relevant; Two is brilliant (grain) interior dissolution pore, in plane, is ellipse-circle in various degree, is distributed in mineral grain or crystals, and many isolated distributions, are nano-pore, and all footpath is 217nm; Three is matrix dissolution pore, and spatial shape is elliposoidal-strip cave, intersperse among in matrix, and be the fillings such as shale and mica on a small quantity, connective poor, all footpath is 7.08um.Matrix solution cavity is the mineral grain biological substance in matrix etc., along with the carrying out of corrosion dissolved completely, and only hole, the hole of original place remnants in matrix.Its former material of the organic hole deducibility of different shape, as strip matrix dissolution pore, may form for mica corrosion, and three kinds of dissolution pore plesiomorphism origin causes of formation are identical, but difference in size is large, and dissolution pore form depends on by molten particle and dissolution extent.Along with the enhancing of dissolution extent, its connective increasing.
The 6th step, classifies to microfracture according to the origin cause of formation, and work area fine fisssure is sewed with five types: bedding seam, build joint, corrosion seam, shrinkage joint and superpressure seam.
The 7th step, microfracture feature is carried out to labor, bedding seam is as a kind of primary microfracture, be the microfracture between the material such as organic, the clay of filling-half filling or carbonate between deposition bedding, be parallel to bedding, laminated structure of shale direction, under mirror, form be continuous-discontinuous line style, length > 300um, mean breadth 23.13um, average kerf spacing 427um, mostly is half filling; Build joint is that rock bears a kind of secondary fracture producing after tectonic stress.Can be divided into low angle build joint (with 30 ° of bed plane angle of cut <), high angle build joint (60 ° of >), oblique build joint (30 ° < angle of cut < 60 °) by occurrence.By mechanical property, be divided into extensional structure seam, cutting property build joint, the property turned round build joint and other compound structures seam.Plane configuration can be zigzag, en echelon, flat, length > 300um, and mean breadth is 53.22um, average headway is 872um.Small part is gypsum or kalzit filling; The plane configuration of corrosion seam is meander type, bay shape, many > of length 100um, and mean breadth is 33.76um, crack mostly is the part fillings such as kalzit, shows incomplete Dissolution Characteristics.To be mud stone shrink a kind of types of fractures that effect forms to shrinkage joint when being heated or the factor such as fluid communication affects.Plane configuration is circulating type, network-like, length > 50um, and mean breadth 17.44um, connective good each other, minority has filling.This crack, at work area limited amount, is concentrated and is grown at volcanics baking position; Superpressure seam is a kind of irregular secondary fracture that mud stone produces under surpressure or low pressure effect.Plane configuration mostly is dendroid, length > 300um, and mean breadth 20.93um, connective good, majority has filling.This crack is directly controlled by the distribution in abnormal pressure district.
From analysis result, the all microcosmic Pore Textures of study area zone of interest have been contained in above-mentioned hole classification substantially, microporosity type is abundant, comprise 9 kinds of micropores: hole (3 kinds), dissolution pore (3 kinds) between organic hole (3 kinds), brilliant (grain), 5 kinds of microfractures: bedding seam, build joint, corrosion seam, shrinkage joint and superpressure seam.Different microporositys form, vary in size, wherein pore size has decisive role to reservoir space size and validity, and wherein between organic hole, clay mineral brilliant (grain), between hole, carbonate crystalline substance (grain), hole, intragranular dissolved pore are main nano-pore types.
Claims (5)
1. a microscopic void sorting technique for mud shale, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1), according to grown form, Microscopic observation pore size, is divided into micropore and microfracture;
2), according to genetic classification, micropore is divided into hole and secondary dissolution pore between organic hole, primary crystal (grain);
3) according to micropore matrix components and micropore is carried out to classification with the position relationship of particle around;
4), according to genetic classification, Microscopic observation pore character, is divided into bedding seam, build joint, corrosion seam, diagenesis shrinkage joint and superpressure seam etc. by microfracture.
2. the microscopic void sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the micropore in described step 1) is the circular holes that diameter is less than 2mm, microfracture is that length breadth ratio non-circular, Microscopic observation is greater than 5, the hole of length range between 50um to 2cm.
3. the microscopic void sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2), organic hole is the hole that corrosion kalzit and clay mineral etc. form in organic agglomerate, between primary crystal (grain) hole be present between the clay minerals such as illite and the carbonate mineral such as kalzit, rauhkalk between hole draw, secondary dissolution pore is the hole that has Dissolution Characteristics.
4. the microscopic void sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 3), according to organic pore size distribution position, can be divided into organic internal capillary and organic edge micropore etc., according to intracrystalline pore particle type, can be divided between hole between clay mineral crystalline substance (grain), carbonate mineral brilliant (grain) micropore between other particles such as hole, long English matter mineral, according to dissolution pore development position, can be divided into dissolution pore between crystalline substance (grain), the interior dissolution pore of crystalline substance (grain) and matrix dissolution pore.
5. the microscopic void sorting technique of a kind of mud shale according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 4), to deposit filling-half filling organic matter between bedding, microfracture between the material such as clay or carbonate is divided into bedding seam, seam face on rock core is straight, there is bad break and the part of lamina or all by kalzit filling, be divided into build joint, to grow in grey matter, the layer position that the easily dissolved component content such as Yun Zhi are high, the crack with Dissolution Characteristics is divided into corrosion seam, mud stone is being heated, dehydration or the factor such as fluid communication shrink a kind of and aspect that effect forms and are bordering on parallel fracture type and are divided into diagenesis shrinkage joint while affect, a kind of irregular secondary fracture that mud stone is produced under surpressure or low pressure effect is divided into superpressure seam.
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| CN110189353A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of mud shale power spectrum mineral distribution map calibration method and system |
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| CN104462849B (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-06-06 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Shale gas reservoir characteristics Forecasting Methodology and device |
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| CN106841004A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-06-13 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Shale preserves capacity judging method |
| WO2018218702A1 (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2018-12-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for evaluating evolution of different types of pores in shale |
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| CN109459364B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-04-09 | 河海大学 | Test device and method for reinforcing calcareous coarse-grained soil based on MICP |
| CN109283116A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-01-29 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of shale reservoir hole-crack characterizing method and device |
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