CN104006263B - A kind of capping tools of Leak hole, method for blocking - Google Patents
A kind of capping tools of Leak hole, method for blocking Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104006263B CN104006263B CN201410238912.2A CN201410238912A CN104006263B CN 104006263 B CN104006263 B CN 104006263B CN 201410238912 A CN201410238912 A CN 201410238912A CN 104006263 B CN104006263 B CN 104006263B
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- Prior art keywords
- anchor fluke
- leak hole
- gasket seal
- connecting rod
- cup
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
- F16L55/168—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe
- F16L55/17—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe by means of rings, bands or sleeves pressed against the outside surface of the pipe or hose
- F16L55/1715—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe by means of rings, bands or sleeves pressed against the outside surface of the pipe or hose the ring or the sleeve being tightened by hooks, pawls, or other movable members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of capping tools of Leak hole and a kind of method for blocking, capping tools comprises connecting rod, fastening piece, anchor fluke structure and gasket seal; Anchor fluke vibrational power flow on the side of described connecting rod, described anchor fluke structure for through Leak hole and be clamped on inner side shell wall; Described gasket seal is set in outside described connecting rod; Described fastening piece is connected to outside described connecting rod, and contacts with described gasket seal; Method for blocking comprises and stretches in Leak hole by the anchor fluke structure being in contraction state; When described anchor fluke structure enters described Leak hole completely, discharge described anchor fluke structure; Described fastening piece is tightened, and described gasket seal is pressed on around Leak hole; Described retainer nut is tightened.The present invention can be applicable to the blocking technology of petroleum transportation pipeline and petroleum storage tank, and application the present invention can realize quick blocking operation, and workload is little.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the blocking technology of petroleum transportation pipeline and petroleum storage tank, especially a kind of capping tools, method for blocking of Leak hole.
Background technique
In prior art, head conduit and storage tank containers etc. are the critical facilitys during petroleum and chemical industry is produced, and due to reasons such as corrosion or damage from third-parties, these pipelines and container can be bored a hole leakage.The leakage not only befouling environment of the media such as petroleum and chemical industry raw material, also endangers masses' security of the lives and property.Therefore occur to need to rush to repair in time when perforation is leaked at pipeline and container, to reduce loss, to avoid harm.
The repairing instrument that current pipe perforation leaks is clamp band type jig and wrap style fibre-resin composite repairing instrument mainly, and the former is rigidity card, and the latter is flexible card.Rigidity card is generally two symmetrical semicircular cylinders, from pipeline both sides install after adopt bolt by fastening for two semicircular cylinders, to leak pipeline and container carry out 360 ° of coverings in perforation place, seal approach is taked at the two ends of jig, make medium-tight interior, cannot leak.Wrap style repairing instrument is then with the high strength fibre such as carbon fiber or aramid fibre for agent structure, to infiltrate after resin at the pipe ring of perforation place to the some circles of winding, completes the shutoff to perforation.This two classes first-aid clamp is all the shutoff having come to leak perforation by applying active force at pipeline external, there is following drawback:
1) for ensureing jig and pipeline close contact, need pipeline external thermal insulation layer, weight coating etc. that 360 ° of ground cleanings one section are suitable with jig length, workload is large;
2) rigidity jig weight is large, needs crane gear to install, is greater than large-diameter pipeline and container, and the corresponding first-aid clamp customized cycle is long, does not meet repairing principle;
3) installation procedure is various, needs several professional workforce to operate, cost intensive.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of capping tools, method for blocking of Leak hole, can solve problems of the prior art, and can realize quick blocking operation, workload is little.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of capping tools of Leak hole, it is characterized in that, comprise connecting rod, fastening piece, anchor fluke structure and gasket seal;
Described anchor fluke vibrational power flow on the side of described connecting rod, described anchor fluke structure for through Leak hole and be clamped on inner side shell wall, the clamping force action direction of described anchor fluke structure on the shell wall of described inner side is parallel with the axial direction of described connecting rod; Described anchor fluke structure has shrinks and release two states, and during contraction state, it is inner that described anchor fluke structure is positioned at described connecting rod, and during releasing state, described anchor fluke structure to extend out to outside described connecting rod and is clamped on the shell wall of described inner side;
Described gasket seal is set in outside described connecting rod, and described gasket seal is used for from Leak hole described in outer side seal;
Described fastening piece is connected to outside described connecting rod, and contacts with described gasket seal; Described fastening piece is used for the hull outside described gasket seal being pressed on described Leak hole.
The capping tools of above-mentioned Leak hole also can have following features,
Described anchor fluke structure comprises anchor fluke, spring sheet, and described connecting rod is correspondingly provided with mounting groove, and described anchor fluke is connected with described mounting groove by bearing pin; Described spring sheet is arranged between described anchor fluke and described mounting groove;
When described spring sheet shrinks, described anchor fluke rotates into described mounting groove along described bearing pin; During described spring sheet release, described anchor fluke rotates along described bearing pin and ejects described mounting groove.
The capping tools of above-mentioned Leak hole also can have following features,
Described anchor fluke framework comprises anchor fluke, helical spring, and described connecting rod is correspondingly provided with mounting groove; Described helical spring one end is connected to the bottom of described mounting groove, and the other end connects described anchor fluke;
During described helical spring compression, described anchor fluke vertically enters described mounting groove; During described helical spring release, described anchor fluke vertically ejects described mounting groove.
The capping tools of above-mentioned Leak hole also can have following features,
Described connecting rod is stud, and described fastening piece is cup type nut;
Be threaded with described stud at the bottom of the cup of described cup type nut, the rim of a cup of described cup type nut contacts with described gasket seal; Described gasket seal is being provided with circular groove with described rim of a cup contact position, and described circular groove is for holding the edge section of described rim of a cup.
The capping tools of above-mentioned Leak hole also can have following features,
Described connecting rod is stud, and described fastening piece is cup type nut, is provided with annulus, is provided with conical cavity inside described annulus between described cup type nut and described gasket seal;
The first end of described annulus contacts with described gasket seal, and the second end of described annulus contacts with the rim of a cup of described cup type nut, is threaded at the bottom of the cup of described cup type nut with described stud; Wherein, described gasket seal is being provided with circular groove with described annulus contact position, and the first end internal diameter of described annulus equals the internal diameter of described circular groove, and the second end internal diameter of described annulus is less than the internal diameter of described circular groove.
The capping tools of above-mentioned Leak hole also can have following features,
The end face that described gasket seal contacts with described Leak hole offers annular protrusion, and the end face that described gasket seal contacts with described Leak hole is curved end or flat end face.
The capping tools of above-mentioned Leak hole also can have following features,
The Side symmetrical of described gasket seal is provided with limit structure, and described limit structure is for limiting the spinning movement of described gasket seal in installation process.
The capping tools of above-mentioned Leak hole also can have following features,
Also comprise retainer nut, described retainer nut is tightened on outside described connecting rod, and contacts with described fastening piece.
Accordingly, present invention also offers a kind of Leak hole method for blocking being applied to above-mentioned capping tools, it is characterized in that, comprise
The anchor fluke structure being in contraction state is stretched in Leak hole;
When described anchor fluke structure enters described Leak hole completely, discharge described anchor fluke structure;
Described fastening piece is tightened, and described gasket seal is pressed on around Leak hole;
Described retainer nut is tightened.
Technique scheme of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) capping tools provided by the invention adopts mechanical type bolt arrangement, can from leakage housing both sides applying effect, breaches existingly apply active force from pipeline or container shell outside thus complete the operational method of leak stopping; Above-mentioned capping tools is especially applicable to splitting the large-scale perforation that the common blocking method such as jig, take-up strap is difficult to dispose and leaks;
2) capping tools provided by the invention is rational in infrastructure, does not need to be equipped with special mounting instrument and special setting tool; Weight is light, easy to carry, does not need crane gear when seabed operation; Be applicable to pipeline and the container of various material, comprise the various material such as metal, plastics, composite material, concrete;
3) leak stoppage tool provided by the invention is easy to processing, according to concrete leakage situation, can process the leak stoppage tool for given Leak hole within one day; Do not need to use the tackiness agents such as resin; Can press operation be with, only need operator to avoid earth pressure release, be in home and get final product operation, need not system pressure be reduced;
4) leak stoppage tool provided by the invention is not by the restriction of environmental conditions; Pretreatment required for leak position is simple, only needs to clean out the circular area of leaking diameter 2-4 times of diameter, especially convenient to submarine pipeline, greatly reduces activity duration and task difficulty; Leak stopping operating process is simple, quick.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and, partly become apparent from specification, or understand by implementing the present invention.Object of the present invention and other advantages realize by structure specifically noted in specification, claims and accompanying drawing and obtain.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide the further understanding to technical solution of the present invention, and forms a part for specification, is used from and explains technological scheme of the present invention, do not form the restriction to technical solution of the present invention with the embodiment one of the application.
Fig. 1 is the first schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the second schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is anchor fluke releasing state schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is sheet gasket structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, hereinafter will be described in detail to embodiments of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings.It should be noted that, when not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can combination in any mutually.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of capping tools of Leak hole, specifically can comprise connecting rod 4, fastening piece 3, anchor fluke structure 1 and gasket seal 2; Anchor fluke structure 1 is arranged on the side of connecting rod 4, and anchor fluke structure 1 is for passing Leak hole and being clamped on inner side shell wall, and the clamping force action direction of anchor fluke on the shell wall of inner side is parallel with the axial direction of connecting rod 4; Anchor fluke structure 1 has shrinks and release two states, and during contraction state, it is inner that anchor fluke structure is positioned at connecting rod 4, and during releasing state, anchor fluke structure to extend out to outside connecting rod 4 and is clamped on the shell wall of described inner side; Gasket seal 2 is set in outside connecting rod 4, and gasket seal 2 is for from outer side seal Leak hole; Fastening piece 3 is connected to outside connecting rod 4, and contacts with gasket seal 2; Fastening piece 3 is for being pressed on the hull outside of Leak hole by gasket seal 2.
In specific operation of the present invention, anchor fluke structure 1 can adopt following structure: as shown in Figure 3, and anchor fluke structure 1 can comprise anchor fluke, spring sheet 5, and connecting rod 4 is correspondingly provided with mounting groove 6, and anchor fluke is connected with mounting groove 6 by bearing pin; Spring sheet 5 is arranged between anchor fluke and mounting groove 6; Wherein, when spring sheet shrinks, anchor fluke rotates into mounting groove 6 along bearing pin; When spring sheet 5 discharges, anchor fluke rotates along bearing pin and ejects mounting groove 6.
It should be noted that: above-mentioned anchor fluke structure is in concrete installation process, and when connecting rod 4 penetrates in Leak hole from outside to inside, the compressing that anchor fluke is subject to leaking hole wall is adjusted to contraction state, in the groove of droping to the ground on bolt body automatically; When bolt body is through when leaking hole wall, the compressing suffered by anchor fluke disappears, and under the elastic force effect of flat spring, anchor fluke is upspring and become vertical state, and then realizes clamping operation.
In specific operation of the present invention, anchor fluke structure 1 also can adopt following structure: anchor fluke framework comprises anchor fluke, helical spring, and connecting rod is correspondingly provided with mounting groove; Helical spring one end is connected to the bottom of mounting groove, and the other end connects anchor fluke; Wherein, during helical spring compression, anchor fluke vertically enters mounting groove; During helical spring release, anchor fluke vertically ejects mounting groove.
It should be noted that: above-mentioned anchor fluke structure, in concrete installation process, stretches in Leak hole when first anchor fluke can be in contraction state, again anchor fluke is adjusted to releasing state when entering Leak hole completely later, thus the clamping operation of anchor fluke can be realized; Above-mentioned state adjustment can compress anchor fluke by baffle plate temporarily, makes anchor fluke be in contraction state, when anchor fluke stretches into leak holes completely, then the baffle plate of compression is removed the State Transferring that can realize anchor fluke.
Preferably, in specific operation of the present invention, shown in composition graphs 1, Fig. 2; Connecting rod 4 can select stud, and fastening piece 3 can select cup type nut, and above-mentioned cup type nut has rim of a cup part and bottom of the cup; Wherein, be threaded at the bottom of the cup of cup type nut with stud, the rim of a cup of cup type nut contacts with gasket seal 2.The advantage of above-mentioned cup type nut is: can be realized and the fitting tightly of gasket seal by circular rim of a cup part, can form circular sealing area, effectively can ensure sealing effect at gasket seal.If plain nut selected by fastening piece 3, then the contact of plain nut and gasket seal is end contact; That is, plain nut is by whole end face press seal pad, and it forms the sealing area of nut end face shape at gasket seal.When screwing force is identical, produce different sealing effects according to lifting surface area difference; Can clearly learn, above-mentioned cup type nut form circular sealing area sealing effect be far superior to plain nut form the sealing effect of end face shape sealing area.Accordingly, gasket seal 2 is being provided with circular groove with rim of a cup contact position, and circular groove is for holding the edge section of rim of a cup; The rim of a cup part of above-mentioned cup type nut and circular groove mating part, can be convenient to cup type nut and apply impacting force, can effectively ensure final sealing effect simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 2, in specific operation of the present invention, can also comprise annulus 8, wherein, the inner side of annulus 8 is provided with conical cavity; The first end of annulus 8 is arranged in circular groove, and the first end internal diameter of annulus 8 equals the internal diameter of circular groove; Second end of annulus 8 contacts with the rim of a cup of cup type nut, and the second end internal diameter of annulus 8 is less than the internal diameter of circular groove.The annulus 8 of above-mentioned conical cavity structure, in fastening piece 3 rundown process, can ensure that the part area on gasket seal 2 in circular groove is fitted on connecting rod 4 and around Leak hole closely.
Preferably, in specific operation of the present invention, the end face that gasket seal 2 contacts with Leak hole can offer annular protrusion 7, above-mentioned annular protrusion 7 can on the basis of original gasket seal 2 end face seal, turn increase one annular protrusion 7 to seal, can effectively ensure final sealing effect.
In order to adapt to the sealing of different situations, accordingly, the end face that gasket seal 2 contacts with Leak hole is curved end or flat end face; Concrete, when the Leak hole needing sealing is pipeline leakage hole, the end face that gasket seal 2 contacts with Leak hole can select curved end; When the Leak hole needing sealing is tank bottom Leak hole, the end face that gasket seal 2 contacts with Leak hole can select flat end face.In order to strengthen the stability of anchor fluke structure clamping further, the side of connecting rod can be provided with at least two anchor fluke structures, or at least three anchor fluke structures can be provided with; Further connective stability can be improved by arranging multiple anchor fluke structure.
As shown in Figure 4, preferably, the Side symmetrical of gasket seal 2 is provided with limit structure 9, and limit structure 9 can also start attachment hole; Limit structure 9 can be used for the spinning movement of restriction gasket seal 2 in installation process.In specific operation process, carry out temporary fixed connection by limit structure with the parts that can be fixedly connected with around Leak hole, can effectively prevent fastening piece gasket seal 2 in rundown process from rotating.
Preferably, in specific operation of the present invention, can also comprise retainer nut, retainer nut is tightened on outside connecting rod, and contacts with fastening piece; The installation of above-mentioned retainer nut, can effectively ensure fastening piece tighten after stability.
Accordingly, present invention also offers a kind of Leak hole method for blocking being applied to above-mentioned capping tools, specifically comprise: the anchor fluke structure being in contraction state is stretched in Leak hole; When anchor fluke structure enters Leak hole completely, release anchor fluke structure; Fastening piece is tightened, and gasket seal is pressed on around Leak hole; Retainer nut is tightened.
Rapid rush-repair instrument is leaked in the perforation of above-mentioned capping tools provided by the invention to be a kind of with bolt draw bar be main structure, belong to a kind of plug-type repairing leak stoppage tool, when carrying out installation exercise, the pipeline external protection area of needs cleaning is only limitted to the region among a small circle around Leak hole; Singlely can to carry, to adopt common wrench to install; Structure of the present invention is simple, is easy to processing; With low cost.
The present invention is of many uses, the repairing leak stopping that the housing perforation that may be used for metal material, resin and the material such as composite material quality, concrete material leaks.Major diameter perforation on clamp band type and the insurmountable large-diameter pipeline of wrap style jig and container is leaked and especially there is good result.
Although it is apparent to those skilled in the art that mode of execution disclosed by the present invention as above, the mode of execution that described content only adopts for ease of understanding the present invention, and be not used to limit the present invention.Those of skill in the art belonging to any the present invention; under the prerequisite not departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the present invention; any amendment and change can be carried out in the form implemented and details; but scope of patent protection of the present invention, the scope that still must define with appending claims is as the criterion.
Claims (9)
1. a capping tools for Leak hole, is characterized in that, comprises connecting rod, fastening piece, anchor fluke structure and gasket seal;
Described anchor fluke vibrational power flow on the side of described connecting rod, described anchor fluke structure for through Leak hole and be clamped on inner side shell wall, the clamping force action direction of described anchor fluke structure on the shell wall of described inner side is parallel with the axial direction of described connecting rod; Described anchor fluke structure has shrinks and release two states, and during contraction state, it is inner that described anchor fluke structure is positioned at described connecting rod, and during releasing state, described anchor fluke structure to extend out to outside described connecting rod and is clamped on the shell wall of described inner side;
Described gasket seal is set in outside described connecting rod, and described gasket seal is used for from Leak hole described in outer side seal;
Described fastening piece is connected to outside described connecting rod, and contacts with described gasket seal; Described fastening piece is used for the hull outside described gasket seal being pressed on described Leak hole.
2. the capping tools of Leak hole according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described anchor fluke structure comprises anchor fluke, spring sheet, and described connecting rod is correspondingly provided with mounting groove, and described anchor fluke is connected with described mounting groove by bearing pin; Described spring sheet is arranged between described anchor fluke and described mounting groove;
When described spring sheet shrinks, described anchor fluke rotates into described mounting groove along described bearing pin; During described spring sheet release, described anchor fluke rotates along described bearing pin and ejects described mounting groove.
3. the capping tools of Leak hole according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described anchor fluke framework comprises anchor fluke, helical spring, and described connecting rod is correspondingly provided with mounting groove; Described helical spring one end is connected to the bottom of described mounting groove, and the other end connects described anchor fluke;
During described helical spring compression, described anchor fluke vertically enters described mounting groove; During described helical spring release, described anchor fluke vertically ejects described mounting groove.
4. the capping tools of the Leak hole according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that,
Described connecting rod is stud, and described fastening piece is cup type nut;
Be threaded with described stud at the bottom of the cup of described cup type nut, the rim of a cup of described cup type nut contacts with described gasket seal; Described gasket seal is being provided with circular groove with described rim of a cup contact position, and described circular groove is for holding the edge section of described rim of a cup.
5. the capping tools of the Leak hole according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that,
Described connecting rod is stud, and described fastening piece is cup type nut, is provided with annulus, is provided with conical cavity inside described annulus between described cup type nut and described gasket seal;
The first end of described annulus contacts with described gasket seal, and the second end of described annulus contacts with the rim of a cup of described cup type nut, is threaded at the bottom of the cup of described cup type nut with described stud; Wherein, described gasket seal is being provided with circular groove with described annulus contact position, and the first end internal diameter of described annulus equals the internal diameter of described circular groove, and the second end internal diameter of described annulus is less than the internal diameter of described circular groove.
6. the capping tools of the Leak hole according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that,
The end face that described gasket seal contacts with described Leak hole offers annular protrusion, and the end face that described gasket seal contacts with described Leak hole is curved end or flat end face.
7. the capping tools of the Leak hole according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that,
The Side symmetrical of described gasket seal is provided with limit structure, and described limit structure is for limiting the spinning movement of described gasket seal in installation process.
8. the capping tools of the Leak hole according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that,
Also comprise retainer nut, described retainer nut is tightened on outside described connecting rod, and contacts with described fastening piece.
9. be applied to a Leak hole method for blocking for capping tools according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, comprise
The anchor fluke structure being in contraction state is stretched in Leak hole; When described anchor fluke structure enters described Leak hole completely, discharge described anchor fluke structure; Described fastening piece is tightened, and described gasket seal is pressed on around Leak hole; Described retainer nut is tightened.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410238912.2A CN104006263B (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | A kind of capping tools of Leak hole, method for blocking |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410238912.2A CN104006263B (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | A kind of capping tools of Leak hole, method for blocking |
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| CN104006263A CN104006263A (en) | 2014-08-27 |
| CN104006263B true CN104006263B (en) | 2016-01-27 |
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| CN109173472B (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2024-02-02 | 浙江鸿盛新材料科技集团股份有限公司 | Blocking piece, automatic blocking system of dust remover filter bag and dust remover |
| CN110220068A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-09-10 | 阳江核电有限公司 | Nuclear piping leak stoppage tool and method |
| CN112283474A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-01-29 | 徐文罗 | Quick connecting device of pipeline for bio-pharmaceuticals |
| CN113479504A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-08 | 黎绪强 | Plugging device is used in transportation of hazardous chemicals |
| CN113685650A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-23 | 胡沛辰 | Plugging device of petroleum pipeline |
| CN113983277B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-05-05 | 广东中创南岭环境科技有限公司 | High-pressure pipeline plugging device with good plugging effect |
| CN114135727B (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-08-26 | 江苏益诚精密器件科技有限公司 | Fluid connector used in high-pressure environment and convenient to pull and plug |
| CN115076509A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-20 | 根河光明热电有限责任公司 | Interim plugging device of large-scale pipeline |
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| CN104006263A (en) | 2014-08-27 |
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