CN104005046A - Method for preparing carbon nano-tube modified palladium-loaded electrode through electrophoresis-pulse deposition - Google Patents

Method for preparing carbon nano-tube modified palladium-loaded electrode through electrophoresis-pulse deposition Download PDF

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CN104005046A
CN104005046A CN201410244896.8A CN201410244896A CN104005046A CN 104005046 A CN104005046 A CN 104005046A CN 201410244896 A CN201410244896 A CN 201410244896A CN 104005046 A CN104005046 A CN 104005046A
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CN104005046B (en
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孙治荣
杜冉
刘丹
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a carbon nano-tube modified palladium-loaded electrode through electrophoresis-pulse deposition, belonging to the technical field of electrochemical water treatment. Polypyrrole is used as a cocatalyst, and a carbon nano tube is used as a catalyst carrier, so that the dispersibility of a catalyst is improved, and utilization ratio of the catalyst is increased; a pulse plating process is used as a catalyst deposition technology, and crystals on a plating layer are refined, so that the catalytic performance of the electrode is enhanced. According to the invention, a titanium mesh is used as the substrate, the oxidized carbon nano tube is modified on the surface of the substrate by using an electrophoresis method after a layer of polypyrrole film is polymerized on the surface of the substrate, and then, a layer of uniform carbon nano-tube carrier film is formed. Compared with a Pdped/Ti electrode prepared under the same condition and a Pdded/Ti electrode prepared through direct-current electroplating, a Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode prepared by depositing a palladium catalyst by using the pulse plating process is higher in catalytic performance.

Description

A kind of electrophoresis-pulsed deposition is prepared the method for carbon nano tube modified year palladium electrode
Technical field
The invention belongs to electro-chemical water processing technology field, take titanium net as matrix, electrophoretic deposition is carbon nano-tube modified, pulsive electroplating depositing Pd catalyzer, and preparation Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti combined electrode, can be used for the water electrical catalyze reduction dechlorination of chlorinatedorganic.
Background technology
Chlorinatedorganic belongs to a class of typical persistence organic pollutant, and toxicity is large, difficult degradation.Electrocatalytic hydrogenation dechlorination technology is an organic cost-effective green technology of degradating chloro, and experiment condition is gentle, and running cost is low, and toxic by-products is few.Palladium (Pd) has improved the degradation rate of chlorinatedorganic greatly as catalyzer, but as precious metal, cost is higher, improves the utilization ratio of Pd, and preparing efficient catalytic electrode is a significant research.
Carbon nanotube (CNTs) is typical monodimension nanometer material, and good conductivity, energy density distribution is high, specific surface area is large, usings CNTs as support of the catalyst, can improve the dispersiveness of Pd settled layer, avoid producing and reunite, reduce costs, improve the utilization ratio of catalyzer.
Pulse plating is compared with direct current electrode position, and owing to there being the existence of turn-off time, peak point current can be higher than mean current, the speed that the speed of impelling crystal seed to form is grown up higher than crystal far away, makes coating crystallization refinement, good dispersity, improve the utilization ratio of catalyzer, improve electrode performance.
The present invention adopts CNTs as support of the catalyst, and pulse plating, as Pd deposition technique, is devoted to prepare the water dechlorination catalysis electrode that catalytic activity is high, catalyst utilization is high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind ofly take water to process chlorinatedorganic is target, take carbon nanotube as support of the catalyst, and polypyrrole (PPy) is promotor, the preparation method of the Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode of pulse plating Pd catalyzer.
Above-mentioned Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode preparation method and process, comprise the following steps:
(1) CNTs being placed in to nitration mixture (as is preferably ) in after the backflow of the ultrasonic and middle temperature of normal temperature, clean up and be dried; Preferred ultrasonic 1～8h, the constant temperature 1～4h that refluxes at 60 ℃, filtering and washing is to neutral, standby after dry;
(2) titanium (Ti) net is embathed to wipe oil in NaOH solution, boil removal oxide compound in oxalic acid solution, distilled water cleans up, and nitrogen dries up standby;
(3) pyrroles (Py) solution of preparation 0.04mmol/L, wherein the concentration of sodium laurylsulfonate (SLS) is 1mmol/L, H 2sO 4concentration is 0.05mol/L.The Ti net that the step (2) of take is processed is anode, and platinum (Pt) sheet is negative electrode, and Py solution is plating solution, and adjusting electric current is 1～5mA, and the time is 1～5min, and electrochemical process, at Ti net surface deposition PPy film, obtains PPy/Ti electrode;
(4) CNTs obtaining with step (1) is mixed with the CNTs dispersion liquid of 0.2～1mg/mL, and regulating pH value is 6.The PPy/Ti electrode that the step (3) of take obtains is anode, and Pt sheet is negative electrode, and control voltage is 5～15V, and depositing time is 2～10min, and electrophoretic deposition is prepared CNTs film, obtains CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode.
(5) preparation pulse plating plating solution, wherein, PdCl 2strength of solution is 5～12.5mmol/L, and Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) concentration is 2.8mmol/L, and CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode prepared by the step (4) of take is working electrode, take Pt sheet as to electrode, and setting pulse current density is 5～15mA/cm 2, each pulse ON time is 0.5s～1.5s, and the turn-off time is 0.5s～3s, and umber of pulse is 400～1200, and stirring velocity 250rpm/min, under 25 ℃ of conditions of room temperature, carries out pulse plating palladium, obtains Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention uses Ti net for matrix, has acidproof corrosion resistant advantage, good stability, and permeability is strong, is conducive to improve the efficiency of degradation of organic substances, for the raising of electrode electrocatalysis characteristic provides material base.
2, the present invention utilizes CNTs as support of the catalyst, improves the specific surface area of electrode, is conducive to the dispersed of catalyzer and improves electrode catalyst performance.
3, the present invention adopts electrochemical process to form PPy film at Ti net surface in advance, has the catalytic capability of helping and immobilized CNTs characteristic, thereby is conducive to stability and the activity of intensifier electrode.
4, the present invention adopts electrophoretic deposition to prepare CNTs film, and method is easy, and CNTs deposition evenly.
5, the present invention adopts pulsive electroplating deposition Pd, coating crystallization refinement, good dispersity, the utilization ratio of raising Pd catalyzer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that electrochemical process forms the scanning electron microscope picture of PPy film at Ti net surface.(a) be 5000 times of scanning electron microscope pictures; (b) be 10000 times of scanning electron microscope pictures.
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope picture of the CNTs film that obtains of electrophoretic deposition.
Fig. 3 is Pd in Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode and comparative example 1 in embodiment 2 pedthe scanning electron microscope picture of/Ti electrode.(a) be Pd ped/ Ti electrode; (b) be Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode.
Fig. 4 is the cyclic voltammetry scan curve of the Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode that obtains of embodiment 1,2,3.
Fig. 5 is Pd in Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode in embodiment 2, comparative example 1 pedpd in/Ti electrode and comparative example 2 dedthe cyclic voltammetry scan curve of/Ti electrode.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated in connection with accompanying drawing for embodiment and comparative example below, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment 1:
(1) CNTs is placed in to nitration mixture the ultrasonic 4h of middle normal temperature, constant temperature backflow 2h at 60 ℃, filtering and washing is to neutral, standby after dry;
(2) titanium (Ti) net is dipped in and in the 40%NaOH solution of 80 ℃, embathes 2h and remove surface and oil contaminant, with distilled water, be washed till after neutrality, then be dipped in 15% oxalic acid solution and remove oxide on surface, keep 2h at 98 ℃, clean with distilled water flushing, nitrogen dries up standby;
(3) the Py solution of preparation 0.04mmol/L, wherein the concentration of SLS is 1mmol/L, H 2sO 4concentration is 0.05mol/L.The Ti net that the step (2) of take is processed is anode, and Pt sheet is negative electrode, and Py solution is plating solution, adjusting electric current is 3mA, and the time is 5min, and electrochemical process is at Ti net surface deposition PPy film, obtain PPy/Ti electrode, as seen from Figure 1, at Ti net surface, evenly form one deck PPy film;
(4) CNTs obtaining with step (1) is mixed with the CNTs dispersion liquid of 0.5mg/mL, and regulating pH value is 6.The PPy/Ti electrode that the step (3) of take obtains is anode, Pt sheet is negative electrode, control voltage is 10V, and depositing time is 3min, and electrophoretic deposition is prepared CNTs film, obtain CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode, as seen from Figure 2, CNTs is uniformly dispersed, and length-to-diameter ratio is large, specific surface area is large, can be used as desirable catalyst support material;
(5) preparation pulse plating plating solution, wherein, PdCl 2strength of solution is 10mmol/L, and SDBS concentration is 2.8mmol/L, and CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode prepared by the step (4) of take is working electrode, take Pt sheet as to electrode, and setting pulse current density is 12.5mA/cm 2, ON time is 1.25s, and the turn-off time is 0.75s, and umber of pulse is 600, and stirring velocity 250rpm/min, under 25 ℃ of conditions of room temperature, carries out pulse plating Pd, obtains Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode.
(6) take the Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode that step (5) obtains is working electrode, and Pt sheet is to electrode, Hg/Hg 2sO 4for reference electrode, at the H of 0.5mol/L 2sO 4in solution, carry out cyclic voltammetry scan, sweep velocity is 50mV/min, and sweep limit is-800mV～800mV.
As seen from Figure 4, umber of pulse is 600 o'clock, and the hydrogen adsorption peak point current of Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode between-500mV～-700mV is-167mA.
Embodiment 2:
(1) CNTs is placed in to nitration mixture the ultrasonic 4h of middle normal temperature, constant temperature backflow 2h at 60 ℃, filtering and washing is to neutral, standby after dry;
(2) titanium (Ti) net is dipped in and in the 40%NaOH solution of 80 ℃, embathes 2h and remove surface and oil contaminant, with distilled water, be washed till after neutrality, then be dipped in 15% oxalic acid solution and remove oxide on surface, keep 2h at 98 ℃, clean with distilled water flushing, nitrogen dries up standby;
(3) the Py solution of preparation 0.04mmol/L, wherein the concentration of SLS is 1mmol/L, H 2sO 4concentration is 0.05mol/L.The Ti net that the step (2) of take is processed is anode, and Pt sheet is negative electrode, and Py solution is plating solution, adjusting electric current is 3mA, and the time is 5min, and electrochemical process is at Ti net surface deposition PPy film, obtain PPy/Ti electrode, as seen from Figure 1, at Ti net surface, evenly form one deck PPy film;
(4) CNTs obtaining with step (1) is mixed with the CNTs dispersion liquid of 0.5mg/mL, and regulating pH value is 6.The PPy/Ti electrode that the step (3) of take obtains is anode, Pt sheet is negative electrode, control voltage is 10V, and depositing time is 3min, and electrophoretic deposition is prepared CNTs film, obtain CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode, as seen from Figure 2, CNTs is uniformly dispersed, and length-to-diameter ratio is large, specific surface area is large, can be used as desirable catalyst support material;
(5) preparation pulse plating plating solution, wherein, PdCl 2strength of solution is 10mmol/L, and SDBS concentration is 2.8mmol/L, and CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode prepared by the step (4) of take is working electrode, take Pt sheet as to electrode, and setting pulse current density is 12.5mA/cm 2, ON time is 1.25s, and the turn-off time is 0.75s, and umber of pulse is 1000, and stirring velocity 250rpm/min, under 25 ℃ of conditions of room temperature, carries out pulse plating Pd, obtains Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode.
(6) take the Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode that step (5) obtains is working electrode, and Pt sheet is to electrode, Hg/Hg 2sO 4for reference electrode, at the H of 0.5mol/L 2sO 4in solution, carry out cyclic voltammetry scan, sweep velocity is 50mV/min, and sweep limit is-800mV～800mV.
(b) by Fig. 3 can find out, Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode surface, and palladium deposited particles is uniformly dispersed.
As seen from Figure 4, umber of pulse is 1000 o'clock, and the hydrogen adsorption peak current of Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode is maximum, reaches-225mA, and electrode performance is stronger.
As seen from Figure 5, than the Pd in comparative example 1 pedpd in/Ti electrode and comparative example 2 ded/ Ti electrode, adds CNTs as catalyst support material, makes the hydrogen adsorption peak current response of electrode when-500mV～-700mV become large, and the catalytic performance of electrode improves.
Embodiment 3:
(1) CNTs is placed in to nitration mixture the ultrasonic 4h of middle normal temperature, constant temperature backflow 2h at 60 ℃, filtering and washing is to neutral, standby after dry;
(2) titanium (Ti) net is dipped in and in the 40%NaOH solution of 80 ℃, embathes 2h and remove surface and oil contaminant, with distilled water, be washed till after neutrality, then be dipped in 15% oxalic acid solution and remove oxide on surface, keep 2h at 98 ℃, clean with distilled water flushing, nitrogen dries up standby;
(3) the Py solution of preparation 0.04mmol/L, wherein the concentration of SLS is 1mmol/L, H 2sO 4concentration is 0.05mol/L.The Ti net that the step (2) of take is processed is anode, and Pt sheet is negative electrode, and Py solution is plating solution, adjusting electric current is 3mA, and the time is 5min, and electrochemical process is at Ti net surface deposition PPy film, obtain PPy/Ti electrode, as seen from Figure 1, at Ti net surface, evenly form one deck PPy film;
(4) CNTs obtaining with step (1) is mixed with the CNTs dispersion liquid of 0.5mg/mL, and regulating pH value is 6.The PPy/Ti electrode that the step (3) of take obtains is anode, Pt sheet is negative electrode, control voltage is 10V, and depositing time is 3min, and electrophoretic deposition is prepared CNTs film, obtain CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode, as seen from Figure 2, CNTs is uniformly dispersed, and length-to-diameter ratio is large, specific surface area is large, can be used as desirable catalyst support material;
(5) preparation pulse plating plating solution, wherein, PdCl 2strength of solution is 10mmol/L, and SDBS concentration is 2.8mmol/L, and CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode prepared by the step (4) of take is working electrode, take Pt sheet as to electrode, and setting pulse current density is 12.5mA/cm 2, ON time is 1.25s, and the turn-off time is 0.75s, and umber of pulse is 1200, and stirring velocity 250rpm/min, under 25 ℃ of conditions of room temperature, carries out pulse plating Pd, obtains Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode.
(6) take the Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode that step (5) obtains is working electrode, and Pt sheet is to electrode, Hg/Hg 2sO 4for reference electrode, at the H of 0.5mol/L 2sO 4in solution, carry out cyclic voltammetry scan, sweep velocity is 50mV/min, and sweep limit is-800mV～800mV.
As seen from Figure 4, umber of pulse is 1200 o'clock, and the hydrogen adsorption peak point current of Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode is-195mA to be less than in embodiment 2 the hydrogen adsorption peak point current of the Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode obtaining under umber of pulse 1000 conditions.May be because the burst length is longer, palladium catalyst is excessive, forms on a small quantity and reunites, and reduces electrode specific surface area, has reduced the utilization ratio of Pd, has reduced electrode catalyst performance.
Comparative example 1:
(1) Ti net is dipped in and in the 40%NaOH solution of 80 ℃, embathes 2h and remove surface and oil contaminant, with distilled water, be washed till after neutrality, then be dipped in 15% oxalic acid solution and remove oxide on surface, keep 2h at 98 ℃, clean with distilled water flushing, nitrogen dries up standby;
(2) preparation pulse plating plating solution, wherein, PdCl 2strength of solution is 10mmol/L, and SDBS concentration is 2.8mmol/L, and it is working electrode that the step (1) of take is processed the Ti net obtain, take Pt sheet as to electrode, and setting pulse current density is 12.5mA/cm 2, ON time is 1.25s, and the turn-off time is 0.75s, and umber of pulse is 1000, and stirring velocity 250rpm/min, under 25 ℃ of conditions of room temperature, carries out pulse plating Pd, obtains Pd ped/ Ti electrode.
(3) Pd obtaining with step (2) ped/ Ti electrode is working electrode, and Pt sheet is to electrode, Hg/Hg 2sO 4for reference electrode, at the H of 0.5mol/L 2sO 4in solution, carry out cyclic voltammetry scan, sweep velocity is 50mV/min, and sweep limit is-800mV～800mV.
(a) by Fig. 3 can find out, Pd ped/ Ti electrode surface, Pd deposited particles forms reunites, and disperses inhomogeneous.As seen from Figure 5, than the Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode in embodiment 2, Pd pedthe hydrogen adsorption peak current of/Ti electrode is less, and electrode performance is lower, the Pd preparing than direct current electrode position in comparative example 2 ded/ Ti electrode, Pd ped/ Ti electrode hydrogen adsorption peak current is larger, and electrode performance is higher.
Comparative example 2:
(1) Ti net is dipped in and in the 40%NaOH solution of 80 ℃, embathes 2h and remove surface and oil contaminant, with distilled water, be washed till after neutrality, then be dipped in 15% oxalic acid solution and remove oxide on surface, keep 2h at 98 ℃, clean with distilled water flushing, nitrogen dries up standby;
(2) preparation plating solution, wherein, PdCl 2strength of solution is 10mmol/L, and SDBS concentration is 2.8mmol/L, and it is negative electrode that the step (1) of take is processed the Ti net obtaining, and take Pt sheet as anode, and control current density is 12.5mA/cm 2, the time is 20.83min (guaranteeing provides total electric weight consistent with pulse plating), carries out direct current electrode position, obtains Pd ded/ Ti electrode.Pd ded/ Ti electrode surface is reunited serious, forms black particle, and unstable.
(3) Pd obtaining with step (2) ded/ Ti electrode is working electrode, and Pt sheet is to electrode, Hg/Hg 2sO 4for reference electrode, at the H of 0.5mol/L 2sO 4in solution, carry out cyclic voltammetry scan, sweep velocity is 50mV/min, and sweep limit is-800mV～800mV.
As seen from Figure 5, than the Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode in embodiment 2 and the Pd in comparative example 1 ped/ Ti electrode, the Pd that direct current electrode position obtains ded/ Ti electrode hydrogen adsorption peak current is little, and electrode performance is low.

Claims (4)

1. electrophoresis-pulsed deposition is prepared a method for carbon nano tube modified year palladium electrode, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) CNTs is placed in after the ultrasonic and warm backflow of nitration mixture normal temperature, cleans up and be dried;
(2) titanium (Ti) net is embathed to wipe oil in NaOH solution, boil removal oxide compound in oxalic acid solution, distilled water cleans up, and nitrogen dries up standby;
(3) pyrroles (Py) solution of preparation 0.04mmol/L, wherein the concentration of sodium laurylsulfonate (SLS) is 1mmol/L, H 2sO 4concentration is 0.05mol/L.The Ti net that the step (2) of take is processed is anode, and platinum (Pt) sheet is negative electrode, and Py solution is plating solution, and adjusting electric current is 1～5mA, and the time is 1～5min, and electrochemical process, at Ti net surface deposition PPy film, obtains PPy/Ti electrode;
(4) CNTs obtaining with step (1) is mixed with the CNTs dispersion liquid of 0.2～1mg/mL, and regulating pH value is 6.The PPy/Ti electrode that the step (3) of take obtains is anode, and Pt sheet is negative electrode, and control voltage is 5～15V, and depositing time is 2～10min, and electrophoretic deposition is prepared CNTs film, obtains CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode.
(5) preparation pulse plating plating solution, wherein, PdCl 2strength of solution is 5～12.5mmol/L, and Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) concentration is 2.8mmol/L, and CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode prepared by the step (4) of take is working electrode, take Pt sheet as to electrode, and setting pulse current density is 5～15mA/cm 2, each pulse ON time is 0.5s～1.5s, and the turn-off time is 0.5s～3s, and umber of pulse is 400～1200, and stirring velocity 250rpm/min, under 25 ℃ of conditions of room temperature, carries out pulse plating palladium, obtains Pd/CNTs/PPy/Ti electrode.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (1), CNTs ultrasonic time in nitration mixture is 1～8h, and reflux temperature is 60 ℃, and return time is 1～4h.
3. the carbon nano tube modified year palladium electrode preparing according to the either method of claim 1-2.
4. the carbon nano tube modified year palladium electrode preparing according to the either method of claim 1-2 is for the water electrical catalyze reduction dechlorination of chlorinatedorganic.
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CN105332022A (en) * 2015-11-20 2016-02-17 无锡市嘉邦电力管道厂 Palladium electroplating solution containing sodium nitrite and isopentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and electroplating method thereof
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CN106947990A (en) * 2017-03-13 2017-07-14 北京工业大学 A kind of electrophoresis pulse deposition prepares the method that graphene modified carries palladium electrode
WO2022122984A3 (en) * 2020-12-10 2022-08-11 Cmblu Energy Ag Electrode for a redox flow battery, redox flow battery and hydrogen generation with a redox flow battery
CN117230483A (en) * 2023-11-13 2023-12-15 河南工学院 Palladium-modified polyaniline/carbon nanotube composite electrode material, and preparation method and application thereof

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