CN104001919A - Preparation method of steel porous composite bar - Google Patents

Preparation method of steel porous composite bar Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104001919A
CN104001919A CN201410220217.3A CN201410220217A CN104001919A CN 104001919 A CN104001919 A CN 104001919A CN 201410220217 A CN201410220217 A CN 201410220217A CN 104001919 A CN104001919 A CN 104001919A
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steel
porous composite
bar
metal
extrusion
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刘�东
杨艳慧
王建国
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a steel porous composite bar. The steel porous composite bar is formed by dense metal materials (structural steel) and metal particles (or metal powder) through a forming method. According to the preparation method of the steel porous composite bar, the metal particles (or metal powder) and the dense metal materials form composite blank materials, metallurgical bonding is carried out on the composite blank materials through a high-temperature sintering process, then continuous small deformation heat extruding processing is conducted, and porous composite materials are formed. The inside of the prepared steel porous composite bar has the porosity of 3-30 percent, the purpose of light reduction is achieved, the light is reduced by 3-20 percent compared with a solid bar of the same size, a metal pipe on the outer layer can guarantee a good mechanical property, the extension strength can reach 200 MPa-600 MPa, and compared with a common metal bar, the steel porous composite bar is low in cost.

Description

A kind of steel porous composite bar preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material processing field, be specifically related to a kind of steel porous composite bar preparation method.
Background technology
Porous metal material is a kind of of porous material, is the general designation of the metal material of the hole to containing artificial manufacture, is generally translated into " porous metal "
Metal polyporous material (being called again metal aperture gap material or porous metal material) preparation method mainly contains powder sintering, interpolation blowing agent method, solid-gas eutectic reaction method, infiltration casting, is involved in gas method and hollow ball sintering process etc.Compare with traditional compact metal material, porous metal material has that proportion is little, porosity is high, through performance is good, specific strength is high, absorbing, sound-absorbing and the advantage such as adiabatic.Due to these premium properties of porous metal material, it has been widely used at present space flight and aviation, war industry, metallurgy, building, automobile, petrochemical industry, medicine, the departments such as national defense and military department and national economy such as has weaved, brewageed.Metal polyporous material can be used for manufacturing damper, buffer, energy absorber, filter, fluid through the cooling transpiration material of exhaust silencer, catalyst carrier, porous metals electrode, rocket nose cone and the empennage of device, heat exchanger, fire extinguisher, engine, the muffler of underwater submarine etc.
Porous metals are owing to existing a large amount of holes, there is some difference to make its mechanical performance and metal itself, in general when density reduces, the mechanical property of porous metals will decline rapidly, and its tensile strength, elastic modelling quantity, yield stress are exponential function reduction with the increase of porosity.For example the tensile strength of porous aluminum only has 1/100 left and right of aluminium, and specific strength is about 1/10 of aluminium.Porosity of porous material for iron is generally 3%~30%, and yield strength scope is 70MPa~200MPa, and tensile strength scope is 150MPa~320MPa, and along with porosity rising intensity reduces gradually.For example, when porous iron material porosity is 7%, yield strength is 130MPa, and tensile strength is 220MPa; When porous iron material porosity is 12%, yield strength is 125MPa, and tensile strength is 200MPa.Porous metals mechanical property has limited its range of application greatly with the characteristic of porosity change, such as a lot of structural materials, requires lightweightly, also wants intensity high simultaneously, and general porous material cannot meet.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solving
For fear of the deficiencies in the prior art part, the present invention proposes a kind of steel porous composite bar preparation method, compares with the porous metals bar in past, and this bar has the feature lightweight, intensity is high.
Technical scheme
A steel porous composite bar preparation method, is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 1, blank are prepared: metallic particles or metal powder are put into steel duct compacting, and the two ends of closed at both ends steel pipe, form composite blank;
The preparation of step 2, extrusion die: and half modular angle of extrusion die is 25 °~45 °, land length 8~15mm;
Step 3, sintering: heating furnace is warmed up to 600 ℃~900 ℃ temperature, composite blank is put into heating furnace and passed into argon gas, be heated to again the sintering temperature of this steel pipe, temperature retention time is 1h~2h, make composite blank that metallurgical binding at high temperature occur, between interior metal particle, occur to obtain the composite blank after sintering after metallurgical binding;
The technological parameter of sintering method: first, be warmed up to and put into composite blank, pass into argon gas simultaneously.Then, be heated to 1000 ℃~1200 ℃, insulation 1h~2h, makes composite blank that metallurgical binding at high temperature occur, and between interior metal particle, metallurgical binding occurs,
Step 4, continuously extruded: by the composite blank after sintering, put into extrusion die and push, shape with continuous small deformation hot extrusion, make composite blank become porous composite bar;
The technological parameter of described extruding: be related to λ=1.05+ ψ according to the porosity ψ of extrusion ratio λ and porous composite bar, determine the extrusion ratio λ of mould, extrusion speed is≤10mm/s, and extrusion temperature is 1000 ℃~1200 ℃, and extrusion die preheat temperature is 150 ℃~200 ℃.
Described extrusion ratio λ is 1~1.5.
The wall thickness of described steel pipe is 3%~30% of diameter of steel tube.
Described metallic particles is metal ball or cylindrical metal particle.
The diameter of described metal ball is Ф 0.5~Ф 10mm.
Described metal bar is the metal bar of the long 3~8mm of diameter Ф 0.5~Ф 5mm.
Described metal powder is 100-200 object metal powder.
Described metal powder is iron powder.
Described extrusion die material is 45 steel.
Described metal ball or metal bar are steel.
Beneficial effect
A kind of steel porous composite bar preparation method that the present invention proposes is a kind of porous composite bar of being prepared through certain forming method by compact metal material (structural steel) and metallic particles (or metal powder).The steel porous composite bar preparation method that the present invention proposes forms composite blank with metallic particles (or metal powder) and compact metal, first by high-temperature sintering process, make composite blank generation metallurgical binding, then implement continuous small deformation hot extrusion and shape as composite porous.The composite porous inside of steel prepared by the method has certain porosity, can reach certain loss of weight amount, has higher-strength simultaneously.
Steel porous composite bar inside prepared by the present invention has certain porosity 3%~30%, reach loss of weight object, than the solid bar of same volume, want loss of weight 3%~20%, outer field metal tube can guarantee good mechanical property simultaneously, and tensile strength can reach 200MPa~600MPa.With respect to common metal bar, this Metallic rod cost is lower.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) in the present invention, material therefor is comprised of compact metal material (structural steel) and metallic particles (or metal powder).
(2) the composite porous preparation method that the present invention proposes be with inside, metallic particles (or metal powder) is housed compact metal jacket as composite blank, by composite blank is carried out, high temperature sintering is shaped and continuous small deformation amount extrusion molding processing method, prepares a kind of steel porous composite bar with certain porosity.
(3) the fine and close steel pipe jacket of the wall thickness the present invention relates to (3%~30% diameter of steel tube).
(4) in order to guarantee certain voidage, adopt little extrusion ratio (cross-sectional area ratio before and after extruding) 1~1.5, tradition is 8~12.
(5) the compound rod iron internal porosity of porous that prepared by the method is 3%~30%, and loss of weight ratio is 3%~20%, and tensile strength can reach 200MPa~600MPa.Compare with the porous material in past, this material has the feature lightweight, intensity is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the vertical section metallograph after the extruding of the long 4mm rod-shpaed particle of Ф 3mm sintering
Fig. 2 is the load-deformation curve that after the extruding of the long 4mm rod-shpaed particle of Ф 3mm sintering, sample stretches
Fig. 3 is the vertical section metallograph after the extruding of the long 4mm rod-shpaed particle of Ф 4mm sintering
Fig. 4 is load-deformation curve that after the extruding of the long 4mm rod-shpaed particle of Ф 4mm sintering, sample stretches
Fig. 5 is the vertical section metallograph after Ф 1.5 abrasive grit sintering extruding
Fig. 6 is load-deformation curve that after Ф 1.5 abrasive grit sintering extruding, sample stretches
Fig. 7 is the vertical section metallograph after iron powder and the extruding of wall thickness 3mm jacket sintering
Fig. 8 is load-deformation curve that after iron powder and the extruding of wall thickness 3mm jacket sintering, sample stretches
Fig. 9 is the load-deformation curve that after iron powder and the extruding of wall thickness 5mm jacket sintering, sample stretches
Figure 10 is the load-deformation curve that after iron powder and the extruding of wall thickness 7mm jacket sintering, sample stretches
The specific embodiment
Now in conjunction with the embodiments, the invention will be further described for accompanying drawing:
Method of the present invention is to realize by following steps:
Step 1, heating furnace is heated up, when temperature is raised to 600 ℃~900 ℃, by composite blank, (100-200 object iron powder or Ф 0.5~Ф 10mm steel particle or the long 3~8mm steel of diameter Ф 0.5~Ф 5mm bar are equipped with in inside, outside is the dense steel metal tube jacket of certain wall thickness (3%~30% diameter of steel tube)) put into heating furnace, pass into argon gas simultaneously, be heated to again 1000 ℃~1200 ℃, insulation 1h~2h, make composite blank that metallurgical binding at high temperature occur, between interior metal particle, there is metallurgical binding, between metallic particles and compact metal jacket, also there is metallurgical binding simultaneously.
Step 2, the high temperature composite blank that step 1 is obtained are put into mould, implement continuous small deformation hot extrusion and shape as porous composite bar.From heating furnace, take out blank and should be less than 15s to the transfer time of putting into mould.
The continuous small deformation hot extrusion of described pressing method refers to composite blank from heating furnace takes out, pushes continuously.Extrusion ratio is 1~1.5, and deflection is very little, so be referred to as small deformation extruding.
The technological parameter of described pressing method: extrusion ratio 1~1.5, half modular angle is 25 °~45 °, land length 8~15mm, extrusion speed is≤10mm/s, and extrusion temperature is 1000 ℃~1200 ℃, and extrusion die preheat temperature is 150 ℃~200 ℃.
Described metallic particles (or metal powder) refers to 100-200 object iron powder, Ф 0.5~Ф 10mm steel particle, the long 3~8mm steel of diameter Ф 0.5~Ф 5mm bar.
Described compact metal sheath material is structural steel, and jacket wall thickness is 3%~30% diameter of steel tube, guarantees that porous composite bar has higher intensity.
The porous composite bar internal porosity of the final preparation of the present invention is 3%~30%, and loss of weight ratio is 3%~20%, and tensile strength can reach 200MPa~600MPa.
Embodiment 1: the rod-shpaed particle sintering extrusion molding of the long 4mm steel of Ф 3mm is prepared porous rod technique:
Step 1, the rod-shpaed particle of the long 4mm steel of Ф 3mm and wall thickness 3mm steel pipe jacket (diameter 33.10mm, the high 42.62mm of endoporus) are cleaned respectively.Weigh jacket and jacket lid weight.Again the long 4mm rod-shpaed particle of Ф 3mm is packed into jacket, screw a lid on, weigh gross weight.Final weighing result: jacket is that 189.8g, jacket lid are gross weight 334.2g after 51.1g, charging;
Step 2, heating furnace is heated up, when temperature is raised to 850 ℃, composite blank prepared by step 1 is put into heating furnace, passes into argon gas simultaneously, then is heated to 1180 ℃, and insulation 1h30min, makes composite blank that metallurgical binding at high temperature occur;
Step 3, the high temperature composite blank of step 2 is taken out after, directly put into mould, should be less than 15s transfer time, implements continuous small deformation hot extrusion and shape as porous composite bar.Extrusion ratio 1.5, half modular angles are 30 °, land length 15mm, and extrusion speed is≤10mm/s, and extrusion temperature is 900 ℃~1000 ℃, and extrusion die preheat temperature is 150 ℃~200 ℃.The final about 100mm of extruded length, the bar of diameter 27.5mm, gross weight 324.2g.
This embodiment calculates the rear loss of weight 6% of sintering extruding according to measurement data.Get exemplary position metallograph as shown in Figure 1, green portion is mark hole place, calculates hole area occupied ratio, show that mean porosities is 3%.By doing stretching experiment, show that the tensile strength with jacket sample is 446.7MPa, be greater than the tensile strength of porous iron material.As shown in Figure 2, unit of stress is MPa to load-deformation curve, and peak is tensile strength.
Embodiment 2: the long 4mm steel of Ф 4mm rod-shpaed particle sintering extrusion molding is prepared porous rod technique:
Step 1, Ф 4mm long 4mm steel rod-shpaed particle and wall thickness 3mm steel pipe jacket (diameter 32.92mm, the high 42.04mm of endoporus) are cleaned respectively, weigh jacket and jacket lid weight.Again the long 4mm rod-shpaed particle of Ф 4mm is packed into jacket, screw a lid on, weigh gross weight, final weighing result: jacket is that 188.4g, jacket lid are gross weight 326.7g after 48.1g, charging;
Step 2, heating furnace is heated up, when temperature is raised to 850 ℃, the composite blank of step 1 is put into heating furnace, pass into argon gas simultaneously, then be heated to 1180 ℃, insulation 1h30min, makes composite blank that metallurgical junction at high temperature occur;
Step 3, the high temperature composite blank of step 2 is taken out after, directly put into mould, should be less than 15s transfer time, implements continuous small deformation hot extrusion and shape as porous composite bar.Extrusion ratio 1.5, half modular angles are 30 °, land length 15mm, and extrusion speed is≤10mm/s, and extrusion temperature is 900 ℃~1000 ℃, and extrusion die preheat temperature is 150 ℃~200 ℃.The final about 100mm of extruded length, the bar of diameter 27.5mm, gross weight 328.8g.
Inside stuffing in this embodiment is the long 4mm bar of Ф 4mm, jacket wall thickness 3mm.According to measurement data, calculate the rear loss of weight 5% of sintering extruding.Get exemplary position metallograph as shown in Figure 3, green portion is mark hole place, calculates hole area occupied ratio, show that mean porosities is 7%.By doing stretching experiment, show that band jacket sample tensile strength is 540.4MPa, be greater than the tensile strength of porous iron material.As shown in Figure 4, load unit is KN to load-deformation curve, and tensile strength is that highest point load is divided by cross-sectional area 43.3mm 2.
Embodiment 3: Ф 1.5 cast steel ball sintering extrusion moldings are prepared porous rod technique:
Step 1, Ф 1.5 cast steel ball balls and wall thickness 3mm steel pipe jacket (diameter 33.02mm, the high 42.98mm of endoporus) are cleaned respectively, weigh jacket and jacket lid weight.Again Ф 1.5 iron balls are packed into jacket, screw a lid on, weigh gross weight, final weighing result: jacket is that 181.1g, jacket lid are gross weight 308.2g after 46.6g, charging;
Step 2, heating furnace is heated up, when temperature is raised to 850 ℃, step 1 composite blank is put into heating furnace, pass into argon gas simultaneously, then be heated to 1180 ℃, insulation 1h30min, makes composite blank that metallurgical binding at high temperature occur;
Step 3, the high temperature composite blank of step 2 is taken out after, directly put into mould, should be less than 15s transfer time, implements continuous small deformation hot extrusion and shape as porous composite bar.Extrusion ratio 1.5, half modular angles are 30 °, land length 15mm, and extrusion speed is≤10mm/s, and extrusion temperature is 900 ℃~1000 ℃, and extrusion die preheat temperature is 150 ℃~200 ℃.The final about 80mm of extruded length, the bar of diameter 27.5mm, gross weight 320.2g.
Inside stuffing in this embodiment is Ф 1.5 cast steel balls, jacket wall thickness 3mm.According to measurement data, calculate the rear loss of weight 5% of sintering extruding.Get exemplary position metallograph as shown in Figure 5, green portion is mark hole place, calculates hole area occupied ratio, show that mean porosities is 15%.By doing stretching experiment, show that with jacket sample tensile strength be the tensile strength that 350MPa is greater than porous iron material.As shown in Figure 6, load unit is KN to load-deformation curve, and tensile strength is that highest point load is divided by cross-sectional area 41.7mm 2.
Embodiment 4: iron powder and wall thickness 3mm steel pipe jacket sintering extrusion molding are prepared porous material technique:
Step 1, jacket is cleaned, claim jacket and jacket lid weight.Again iron powder is packed into wall thickness 3mm steel pipe jacket (diameter 32.9mm, the high 41.92mm of endoporus), screw a lid on, weigh gross weight, final weighing result: jacket is that 197.8g, jacket lid are gross weight 315g after 55.1g, charging;
Step 2, heating furnace is heated up, when temperature is raised to 850 ℃, step 1 composite blank is put into heating furnace, pass into argon gas simultaneously, then be heated to 1180 ℃, insulation 1h30min, makes composite blank that metallurgical binding at high temperature occur;
Step 3, the high temperature composite blank of step 2 is taken out after, directly put into mould, should be less than 15s transfer time, implements continuous small deformation hot extrusion and shape as porous composite bar.Extrusion ratio 1.5, half modular angles are 30 °, land length 15mm, and extrusion speed is≤10mm/s, and extrusion temperature is 900 ℃~1000 ℃, and extrusion die preheat temperature is 150 ℃~200 ℃.The final about 80mm of extruded length, the bar of diameter 27.5mm, gross weight 290.6g.
Inside stuffing in this embodiment is iron powder, jacket wall thickness 3mm.According to measurement data, calculate the rear loss of weight 10% of sintering extruding.Get exemplary position metallograph as shown in Figure 7, green portion is mark hole place, calculates hole area occupied ratio, show that mean porosities is 10%.Cross and do stretching experiment and show that with jacket sample tensile strength be the tensile strength that 328.9MPa is greater than porous iron material.As shown in Figure 8, load unit is KN to load-deformation curve, and tensile strength is that highest point load is divided by cross-sectional area 44.7mm 2.
Embodiment 5: iron powder and wall thickness 5mm steel pipe jacket sintering extrusion molding are prepared porous material technique:
Step 1, jacket is cleaned, claim jacket and jacket lid weight.Again iron powder is packed into wall thickness 5mm steel pipe jacket (diameter 33.24mm, the high 42.04mm of endoporus), screw a lid on, weigh gross weight, final weighing result is that jacket is that 238.8g, jacket lid are gross weight 334.4g after 32.81g, charging;
Step 2, heating furnace is heated up, when temperature is raised to 850 ℃, step 1 composite blank is put into heating furnace, pass into argon gas simultaneously, then be heated to 1180 ℃, insulation 1h30min, makes composite blank that metallurgical binding at high temperature occur;
Step 3, the high temperature composite blank of step 2 is taken out after, directly put into mould, should be less than 15s transfer time, implements continuous small deformation hot extrusion and shape as porous composite bar.Extrusion ratio 1.5, half modular angles are 30 °, land length 15mm, and extrusion speed is≤10mm/s, and extrusion temperature is 900 ℃~1000 ℃, and extrusion die preheat temperature is 150 ℃~200 ℃.The final about 80mm of extruded length, the bar of diameter 27.5mm, gross weight 333.8g.
Inside stuffing in this embodiment is iron powder, jacket wall thickness 5mm.According to measurement data, calculate the rear loss of weight 9% of sintering extruding, from metallograph, calculating mean porosities is 9%, by doing stretching experiment, show that with jacket sample tensile strength be the tensile strength that 240MPa is greater than porous iron material, stress-strain curves as shown in Figure 9, unit of stress is MPa, and peak is tensile strength.
Embodiment 6: iron powder and wall thickness 7mm steel pipe jacket sintering extrusion molding are prepared porous material technique:
Step 1, jacket is cleaned, claim jacket and jacket lid weight.Again iron powder is packed into wall thickness 7mm jacket (diameter 33.04mm, the high 42.12mm of endoporus), screw a lid on, weigh gross weight, final weighing result: jacket is that 297.4g, jacket lid are gross weight 379.9g after 46.8g, charging;
Step 2, heating furnace is heated up, when temperature is raised to 850 ℃, step 1 composite blank is put into heating furnace, pass into argon gas simultaneously, then be heated to 1180 ℃, insulation 1h30min, makes to be compounded under high temperature metallurgical binding occurs;
Step 3, the high temperature composite blank of step 2 is taken out after, directly put into mould, should be less than 15s transfer time, implements continuous small deformation hot extrusion and shape as porous composite bar.Extrusion ratio 1.5, half modular angles are 30 °, land length 15mm, and extrusion speed is≤10mm/s, and extrusion temperature is 900 ℃~1000 ℃, and extrusion die preheat temperature is 150 ℃~200 ℃.The final about 80mm of extruded length, the bar of diameter 27.5mm, gross weight 376.3g.
Inside stuffing in this embodiment is iron powder, wall thickness 7mm, according to measurement data, calculate the rear loss of weight 7% of sintering extruding, from metallograph, show that mean porosities is 6%, by doing stretching experiment, show that with jacket sample tensile strength be the tensile strength that 240MPa is greater than porous iron material, as shown in figure 10, unit of stress is MPa to stress-strain curves, and peak is tensile strength.

Claims (10)

1. a steel porous composite bar preparation method, is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 1, blank are prepared: metallic particles or metal powder are put into steel duct compacting, and the two ends of closed at both ends steel pipe, form composite blank;
The preparation of step 2, extrusion die: and half modular angle of extrusion die is 25 °~45 °, land length 8~15mm;
Step 3, sintering: heating furnace is warmed up to 600 ℃~900 ℃ temperature, composite blank is put into heating furnace and passed into argon gas, be heated to again the sintering temperature of this steel pipe, temperature retention time is 1h~2h, make composite blank that metallurgical binding at high temperature occur, between interior metal particle, occur to obtain the composite blank after sintering after metallurgical binding;
The technological parameter of sintering method: first, be warmed up to and put into composite blank, pass into argon gas simultaneously.Then, be heated to 1000 ℃~1200 ℃, insulation 1h~2h, makes composite blank that metallurgical binding at high temperature occur, and between interior metal particle, metallurgical binding occurs,
Step 4, continuously extruded: by the composite blank after sintering, put into extrusion die and push, shape with continuous small deformation hot extrusion, make composite blank become porous composite bar;
The technological parameter of described extruding: be related to λ=1.05+ ψ according to the porosity ψ of extrusion ratio λ and porous composite bar, determine the extrusion ratio λ of mould, extrusion speed is≤10mm/s, and extrusion temperature is 1000 ℃~1200 ℃, and extrusion die preheat temperature is 150 ℃~200 ℃.
2. steel porous composite bar preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described extrusion ratio λ is 1~1.5.
3. according to steel porous composite bar preparation method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the wall thickness of described steel pipe is diameter of steel tube 3%~30%.
4. steel porous composite bar preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described metallic particles is metal ball or cylindrical metal particle.
5. steel porous composite bar preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the diameter of described metal ball is Ф 0.5~Ф 10mm.
6. steel porous composite bar preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described metal bar is the metal bar of the long 3~8mm of diameter Ф 0.5~Ф 5mm.
7. steel porous composite bar preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described metal powder is 100-200 object metal powder.
8. according to steel porous composite bar preparation method described in claim 1 or 7, it is characterized in that: described metal powder is iron powder.
9. steel porous composite bar preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described extrusion die material is 45 steel.
10. steel porous composite bar preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described metal ball or metal bar are steel.
CN201410220217.3A 2014-05-23 2014-05-23 Preparation method of steel porous composite bar Pending CN104001919A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57161003A (en) * 1981-03-28 1982-10-04 Micro Filter Kk Manufacture of porous seamless pipe
CN102615128A (en) * 2012-03-27 2012-08-01 西北工业大学 Weight reducing metal rod and processing method thereof
CN203409254U (en) * 2013-08-16 2014-01-29 西安建筑科技大学 High-strength multi-hole steel bar made of steel balls
CN203477865U (en) * 2013-08-16 2014-03-12 西安建筑科技大学 Porous weight-reduced steel rod made of steel tubes

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57161003A (en) * 1981-03-28 1982-10-04 Micro Filter Kk Manufacture of porous seamless pipe
CN102615128A (en) * 2012-03-27 2012-08-01 西北工业大学 Weight reducing metal rod and processing method thereof
CN203409254U (en) * 2013-08-16 2014-01-29 西安建筑科技大学 High-strength multi-hole steel bar made of steel balls
CN203477865U (en) * 2013-08-16 2014-03-12 西安建筑科技大学 Porous weight-reduced steel rod made of steel tubes

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Application publication date: 20140827