CN103995491A - Graph output system of programmable logic controller, and programmable logic controller - Google Patents
Graph output system of programmable logic controller, and programmable logic controller Download PDFInfo
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- CN103995491A CN103995491A CN201310054805.XA CN201310054805A CN103995491A CN 103995491 A CN103995491 A CN 103995491A CN 201310054805 A CN201310054805 A CN 201310054805A CN 103995491 A CN103995491 A CN 103995491A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a graph output system of programmable logic controller and a corresponding programmable logic controller. The graph output system comprises a hardware abstraction layer module, a graph device interface layer module and an application module. According to the invention, because the minimum unit of the display out of the graph output system is a pixel point, the flexibility of the display output can be improved substantially. Moreover, the bitmap is stored respectively to three storage positions, so that the bitmap searching efficiency during the display output process is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automation field, particularly the graphical output system of a kind of programmable logic controller (PLC) (PLC) and corresponding programmable logic controller (PLC).
Background technology
Traditional miniature PLC product carries display screen by module and realizes output function, and it is taked that the pixel of whole display screen is mapped to a method in byte code internal memory and realizes.When system is on module display screen during output content, need first each will show that the byte code of character deposits in internal memory, then according to each byte code, from depositing the flash memory of bitmap specially, another finds corresponding bitmap, output on display screen.For example, module carries display screen 128*64 pixel, and these pixel correspondences 16*4 byte code in internal memory, and each byte code correspondence a bitmap being comprised of 8*16 pixel.This 64(16*4) individual bitmap is output on display screen singly with the arrangement mode of 4 row 16 row, has just completed the output of whole display screen.Can find out, this display mode has caused and has shown that the least unit of output is 8*16 pixel, but not 1*1 pixel.This has just caused operating the pixel fewer than 8*16, and the figure output that therefore there is no standard bitmap for some is particularly greater than the large-scale image output of 8*16 pixel, and this demonstration way of output is very inconvenient.In addition, when system according to byte code when independently searching bitmap bitmap flash memory in addition, it only searches a bitmap that byte code is corresponding at every turn, and all from that bitmap flash memory, search at every turn, then carrying out demonstration outputs on screen, so the demonstration of whole screen output needs bitmap flash reading and writing operation many times, efficiency is very low.
Figure 1A to 1C shows several examples of character and figure output in conventional P LC system.
For example, for the standard character (" A ") that has ready-made bitmap, system is first saved in the byte code of this character (for example 0x0041) in internal memory.Then the demonstration output function of system is according to the byte code in internal memory, go to deposit in the flash memory of all bitmaps and search the bitmap corresponding with this byte code (8*16 pixel), and this graphical output certain specific region to display screen.The position of this specific region in whole display screen is corresponding with the position of this byte code in byte code memory array.
For example, for the figure that is less than 8*16 pixel (" ▲ ") that there is no ready-made bitmap, software developer need to give the self-defined byte code of this figure in advance, and 8*16 the pixel bitmap that represents its concrete pattern, then this bitmap is equally saved in bitmap flash memory with other standards bitmap, for consulting in the future.After this, when system operation will be exported this figure, system is wanted first this byte code to be saved in internal memory equally, then, by showing that output function is encoded in bitmap flash memory and searches corresponding bitmap according to this, outputs on the specific 8*16 of a display screen pixel.
For the figure that is greater than 8*16 pixel that there is no a ready-made bitmap (for example
), software developer need to give the self-defined several byte codes of whole figure (for example 0x00E1,0x00E2,0x00E3) in advance, and 8*16 pixel bitmap of a part that represents whole concrete pattern corresponding to each byte code (0x00E1 is corresponding, and " " ", 0x00E2 is corresponding
0x00E3 corresponding " " "), then these bitmaps are equally saved in bitmap flash memory with other bitmaps, for consulting in the future.After this, when system operation will be exported this large figure, first system will be saved in these byte codes of this figure in internal memory, and arranges the position of each byte code in byte code memory array to form whole figure.Then by showing that output function checks the byte code array in internal memory, according to each byte code, in bitmap flash memory, search corresponding bitmap, output on display screen on specific 8*16 pixel.For this example, show output function will carry out three times search bitmap and output services.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the invention is to propose the figure export technique of a kind of PLC, improves the dirigibility that PLC display screen shows output, and improves the search efficiency that shows output procedure Bitmap.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of graphical output system of programmable logic controller (PLC), described graphical output system comprises: hardware abstraction layer module, Graphics Device Interface layer module and application layer module, wherein,
Described hardware abstraction layer module, for defining the core buffer completely corresponding with PLC display screen, provide in each program scanning cycle the content in this core buffer is outputed to the function on PLC display screen, and provide in this core buffer of operation the arbitrarily basic function interface of bit for described Graphics Device Interface layer module;
Described Graphics Device Interface layer module, this basic function interface for providing based on described hardware abstraction layer module, provides basic drawing function to described application layer module; And
Described application layer module for this function of substantially painting that uses described Graphics Device Interface layer module to provide, is drawn required figure on PLC display screen.
Preferably, this core buffer has the bit identical with the pixel number of PLC display screen.
Preferably, this basic function interface is the function interface of any pixel on operation PLC display screen.
Preferably, the function that this basic function interface provides comprises:
Set/reset/upset pixel function, for the discrete or continuous pixel of one group of set/reset/upset coordinated indexing on screen by pixel;
Set/reset/upset rectangle region function, for rectangle region being comprised of continuous image vegetarian refreshments of set/reset/upset, this rectangle region carrys out index by top left corner pixel point and the coordinate of last cell pixel on screen; And
Copy bitmap function, for copying a bitmap to specifying rectangular area, this rectangle region carrys out index by top left corner pixel point and the coordinate of last cell pixel on screen.
Preferably, three bitmap memory locations of described graphical output system definition: the local flash memory at the interim bitmap buffer district in bitmap flash memory, internal memory and firmware code place independently, wherein, the bitmap of all standard characters is stored in this bitmap flash memory, the a part of bitmap wherein often being found out for showing retains a copy in this interim bitmap caching district, and the bitmap of all predefined special graphs is stored in this local flash memory.
Preferably, when the bitmap of described Graphics Device Interface layer module searches standard character, first in this interim bitmap buffer district, search, if can not find, go again to search in this bitmap flash memory, then the bitmap of the standard character finding is copied to a copy in this interim bitmap buffer district; When the predefined special graph of described Graphics Device Interface layer module searches, directly in this local flash memory, search.
Preferably, this function of substantially painting comprises:
Setting-out function, according to the coordinate of starting point and terminal, the set pixel function of using described hardware abstraction layer module to provide, one group of continuous pixel of set;
Draw rectangular function, according to the coordinate of the upper left end points of rectangle and bottom right end points, use setting-out function to draw rectangle frame;
Set block cursor function, according to the coordinate of the upper left end points of block cursor and bottom right end points, the upset rectangle region function of using described hardware abstraction layer module to provide, the rectangular area of upset cursor;
Draw text function, first from this interim bitmap buffer district or this bitmap flash memory, search the bitmap of standard character, the bitmap copy function that then uses described hardware abstraction layer module to provide, copies the bitmap of character to the rectangle region of appointment;
Draw bitmap function, first from this local flash memory, search the bitmap of this figure, the bitmap copy function that then uses described hardware abstraction layer module to provide, copies the bitmap of character to the rectangle region of appointment;
Draw scroll bar function, use picture rectangular function and draw bitmap function, at assigned address, draw scroll bar; And
Draw progress bar function, use picture rectangular function and draw text function, at assigned address, draw progress bar.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a kind of programmable logic controller (PLC), comprises above-mentioned graphical output system.
From such scheme, can find out, because PLC graphical output system of the present invention makes to show that the least unit of output is a pixel, this has greatly improved the dirigibility that shows output, and store owing to bitmap being assigned to three memory locations, improved and shown the efficiency that output procedure Bitmap is searched.
Accompanying drawing explanation
To the person of ordinary skill in the art is more clear that above-mentioned and other feature and advantage of the present invention by describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to accompanying drawing below, in accompanying drawing:
Figure 1A is the byte code internal memory example of PLC in prior art;
Figure 1B is the demonstration output function example of PLC in prior art;
Fig. 1 C is the output example that in prior art, the module of PLC carries display;
Fig. 2 A is PLC graphical output system of the present invention pattern schematic diagram to display;
Fig. 2 B is that PLC graphical output system of the present invention is carried out the schematic diagram that bitmap is searched;
Fig. 2 C is the schematic diagram of the core buffer of PLC graphical output system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 D is the display screen output schematic diagram of PLC graphical output system of the present invention.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in more detail by the following examples.
In order to optimize the graphical display function of PLC, the PLC graphical output system in the present invention comprises as lower module: hardware abstraction layer module (HAL), Graphics Device Interface layer module (GDI) and application layer module (APP).
Hardware abstraction layer module definition a core buffer completely corresponding with PLC display screen, this core buffer has the same number of bit (bit) with pixels of display screen.HAL provides a function simultaneously, and it outputed to the content in this core buffer on PLC display screen in each program scanning cycle.In addition, HAL also provides in this core buffer of operation the arbitrarily basic function interface of bit for upper layer module (GDI), that is the function interface of pixel arbitrarily on operating display.The function that these basic function interfaces provide comprises:
(1) set/reset/upset pixel: the discrete or continuous pixel of one group of set/reset/upset coordinated indexing on screen by pixel;
(2) set/reset/upset rectangle region: rectangle region being formed by continuous image vegetarian refreshments of set/reset/upset, this rectangle region carrys out index by top left corner pixel point and the coordinate of last cell pixel on screen;
(3) copy bitmap a: copy bitmap to appointment rectangular area, this rectangle region carrys out index by top left corner pixel point and the coordinate of last cell pixel on screen.
Visible, it can be a pixel that above-mentioned these basic function interfaces that HAL provides make the demonstration output least unit of PLC graphical output system in the present invention.
Basic function interface based on HAL provides above, Graphics Device Interface layer module provides a plurality of basic drawing functions for it for the APP to upper strata.
About the storage of bitmap, three bitmap memory locations of PLC graphical output system in the present invention definition: the local flash memory at the interim bitmap buffer district in bitmap flash memory, internal memory and firmware code place independently.The bitmap of all standard characters is all stored in independently in bitmap flash memory, and a part of bitmap wherein often being found out for showing also can retain a copy in the interim bitmap caching district of internal memory.The bitmap of all predefined special graphs in addition is all kept in the local flash memory at firmware code place.When GDI searches the bitmap of standard character, first it search in the interim bitmap buffer district of internal memory, if can not find, go again independently in bitmap flash memory, to search, then the bitmap of the standard character finding is copied to a copy in the interim bitmap buffer of internal memory district, to search next time more quick and convenient.And when GDI searches predefined special graph, directly in the local flash memory at firmware code place, search.
These functions of substantially painting that GDI provides comprise:
(1) " DrawLine " setting-out function, according to the coordinate of starting point and terminal, the set pixel function of using HAL to provide, one group of continuous pixel of set;
(2) " DrawRect " draws rectangular function, according to the coordinate of the upper left end points of rectangle and bottom right end points, uses setting-out function to draw rectangle frame;
(3) " SetCursorRect " set block cursor function, according to the coordinate of the upper left end points of block cursor and bottom right end points, the upset rectangle region function of using HAL to provide, the rectangular area of upset cursor;
(4) " DrawText " draws text function, first from interim bitmap buffer district or bitmap flash memory, searches the bitmap of standard character, and the bitmap copy function that then uses HAL to provide copies the bitmap of character to the rectangle region of appointment;
(5) " DrawBitmap " draws bitmap function, first according to searching the bitmap of this figure for the predefined bitmap ID of figure from the local flash memory at firmware code place, then the bitmap copy function that uses HAL to provide, copies the bitmap of character to the rectangle region of appointment;
(6) " DrawScrollBar " draws scroll bar function, uses picture rectangle and draws the functions such as bitmap, at assigned address, draws scroll bar;
(7) " DrawProgressBar " draws progress bar function, uses picture rectangle and draws the functions such as text, at assigned address, draws progress bar.
These functions of substantially painting that application layer module is used GDI to provide draw needed content on the screen of display.
Fig. 2 shows the example that utilizes the present invention to carry out characters/graphics output.Below, in conjunction with Fig. 2, introduce memory location and the search procedure of the bitmap of these characters/graphics.
Certain page screen need to show pattern as shown in Figure 2 A.The basic drawing function that this pattern is provided with GDI by APP is drawn, wherein " A " and " B " belongs to standard character, can draw text function by " DrawText " and realize, and " ▲ " belongs to predefined bitmap, can draw bitmap function by " DrawBitmap " and realize, and
belong to basic lines, can realize by " DrawLine " setting-out function.
First by " DrawLine " setting-out function, according to lines
starting point and the coordinate of terminal, the set pixel function of using HAL to provide, one group of continuous pixel of set.Then, in different memory locations, search bitmap.Particularly, arrive first the bitmap of searching standard character in the interim bitmap buffer district of internal memory, find to have " A " in this interim bitmap buffer district of character, but do not find character " B ", therefore to independently searching in bitmap flash memory, character " B " has been arrived in successful search, now the bitmap of the standard character finding " B " can be copied to a copy in the interim bitmap buffer district of internal memory.Afterwards, in the local flash memory at firmware code place, find predefined special graph " ▲ " (as shown in Figure 2 B).
HAL utilizes basic function interface will show that the content of output embodies and (as shown in Figure 2 C) on bit in the completely corresponding core buffer of PLC display screen, and in the program scanning cycle, the content in this core buffer is outputed to (as shown in Figure 2 D) on PLC display screen.
According to technique scheme, PLC graphical output system of the present invention makes to show that the least unit of output is a pixel, and this has greatly improved the dirigibility that shows output; The figure that those are comprised of basic drawing element, regardless of the size of whole figure, shape is how, takies how many pixels, can be output at an easy rate on display screen; And some figures that often used can be also the bitmap of its predefine arbitrary size, rather than only limit to 8*16 pixel, these advantages are more prone to convenient the demonstration output of figure.
In addition, bitmap being assigned to three memory locations stores and can improve the efficiency that bitmap is searched.The bitmap of all standard characters of bitmap flash memory storage independently, wherein the bitmap of nearest used a part of standard character is also stored in the bitmap buffer district in internal memory, the first-selection that this memory bitmap buffer zone has just become standard character bitmap to search.Because it is faster than searching other independent flash memory speed to search internal memory, so this is just than all search and will save a lot of time from bitmap flash memory at every turn.And for the bitmap of predefined special graph, they are stored in the local flash memory identical with firmware code, from local flash memory, search bitmap naturally than searching faster from other independent flash memory.These advantages make to show that searching of output procedure Bitmap is more efficient.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a graphical output system for programmable logic controller (PLC), is characterized in that, described graphical output system comprises: hardware abstraction layer module, Graphics Device Interface layer module and application layer module, wherein,
Described hardware abstraction layer module, for defining the core buffer completely corresponding with PLC display screen, provide in each program scanning cycle the content in this core buffer is outputed to the function on PLC display screen, and provide in this core buffer of operation the arbitrarily basic function interface of bit for described Graphics Device Interface layer module;
Described Graphics Device Interface layer module, this basic function interface for providing based on described hardware abstraction layer module, provides basic drawing function to described application layer module; And
Described application layer module for this function of substantially painting that uses described Graphics Device Interface layer module to provide, is drawn required figure on PLC display screen.
2. graphical output system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this core buffer has the bit identical with the pixel number of PLC display screen.
3. graphical output system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this basic function interface is the function interface of any pixel on operation PLC display screen.
4. graphical output system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the function that this basic function interface provides comprises:
Set/reset/upset pixel function, for the discrete or continuous pixel of one group of set/reset/upset coordinated indexing on screen by pixel;
Set/reset/upset rectangle region function, for rectangle region being comprised of continuous image vegetarian refreshments of set/reset/upset, this rectangle region carrys out index by top left corner pixel point and the coordinate of last cell pixel on screen; And
Copy bitmap function, for copying a bitmap to specifying rectangular area, this rectangle region carrys out index by top left corner pixel point and the coordinate of last cell pixel on screen.
5. graphical output system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, three bitmap memory locations of described graphical output system definition: the local flash memory at the interim bitmap buffer district in bitmap flash memory, internal memory and firmware code place independently, wherein, the bitmap of all standard characters is stored in this bitmap flash memory, the a part of bitmap wherein often being found out for showing retains a copy in this interim bitmap caching district, and the bitmap of all predefined special graphs is stored in this local flash memory.
6. graphical output system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, when the bitmap of described Graphics Device Interface layer module searches standard character, first in this interim bitmap buffer district, search, if can not find, go again to search in this bitmap flash memory, then the bitmap of the standard character finding is copied to a copy in this interim bitmap buffer district; When the predefined special graph of described Graphics Device Interface layer module searches, directly in this local flash memory, search.
7. graphical output system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, this function of substantially painting comprises:
Setting-out function, according to the coordinate of starting point and terminal, the set pixel function of using described hardware abstraction layer module to provide, one group of continuous pixel of set;
Draw rectangular function, according to the coordinate of the upper left end points of rectangle and bottom right end points, use setting-out function to draw rectangle frame;
Set block cursor function, according to the coordinate of the upper left end points of block cursor and bottom right end points, the upset rectangle region function of using described hardware abstraction layer module to provide, the rectangular area of upset cursor;
Draw text function, first from this interim bitmap buffer district or this bitmap flash memory, search the bitmap of standard character, the bitmap copy function that then uses described hardware abstraction layer module to provide, copies the bitmap of character to the rectangle region of appointment;
Draw bitmap function, first from this local flash memory, search the bitmap of this figure, the bitmap copy function that then uses described hardware abstraction layer module to provide, copies the bitmap of character to the rectangle region of appointment;
Draw scroll bar function, use picture rectangular function and draw bitmap function, at assigned address, draw scroll bar; And
Draw progress bar function, use picture rectangular function and draw text function, at assigned address, draw progress bar.
8. a programmable logic controller (PLC), comprises the graphical output system as described in any one in claim 1-7.
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| CN1251181A (en) * | 1996-10-07 | 2000-04-19 | 霍尼韦尔公司 | Emulator for visual display object files and method of operation thereof |
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