CN103994809A - Weigh-in-motion method of high-speed and dynamic automobile based on optical fiber grating - Google Patents
Weigh-in-motion method of high-speed and dynamic automobile based on optical fiber grating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a weigh-in-motion method of a high-speed and dynamic automobile based on an optical fiber grating. The weigh-in-motion method of the high-speed and dynamic automobile based on the optical fiber grating comprises the following steps of judging whether wheels pass or not by strain increment information of sensors on weigh plates by adopting a head wave interpretation principle, not needing to place a ground induction coil to trigger a passing vehicle, taking head wave start points as start time of the wheels loading on the weigh plates, distinguishing front and back vehicles by time interval and speed difference information of front and back axles, processing time, speed, wheel load, axle load and axle spacing information of the passing vehicle in real time, automatically alarming when some sensor has a fault, and computing a strain output again by utilizing an interpolation technique. According to the weigh-in-motion method, an error of the single wheel load is plus-minus 25%; an error of the gross vehicle weight is 10%; the maximum single wheel load is 150kN; and the weigh-in-motion method combines the traditional plate bending weigh-in-motion method and an excellent optical fiber sensing technique, so that the weigh-in-motion method has certain advancement and a practical application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Dynamic Weighing Technology field, relate in particular to a kind of based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed.
Background technology
Carload standard is to carry out the important evidence that Design of Highway Bridge, load-bearing capacity detect assessment, and the differing greatly of carload situation on actual highway bridge and current specifications standard, the various diseases that cause thus bridge are very common.
Past, due to the restriction of technology and means, mainly carries out in the mode of manual research the investigation of carload, and the equal Shortcomings in aspect such as this representativeness at sample and capacity are restricting the get on the car research of load of actual highway.Because the observational data to actual carload is less, carry out the various work carload standard that code requirement is given substantially of bridge, its result does not often conform to the actual conditions and closes is obvious.
Development along with electronic technology, utilize dynamic vehicle Weighing method (WIM) to carry out that the information such as carload are carried out robotization, jumbo investigation collection becomes possibility, and application is in practice also increasingly extensive, this research work that is carload etc. provides advantage.
To the nineties in 20th century, basically form ripe WIM product and corresponding technical standard abroad.The domestic research to this starting evening and time are short, and its measuring accuracy is not high, vehicle Negotiation speed is low and durability can not meet the needs of real work, and key element still be take import as main.
WIM mainly contains three kinds of piezoelectric type, condenser type and bent plate strain-types, from technical economical indexes such as Weighing method precision, annual usage charges, reliability, serviceable lifes, contrasts discovery, and bent plate strain-type WIM has greater advantage.
At present bent plate strain-type WIM is mainly usingd resistance-strain chip as responsive unit, is subject to the deficiencies such as electromagnetic interference influence, electrical insulating property be poor, easily occurs at the scene abnormal in moist working environment.And the advantage such as fiber-optic grating sensor has that anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) is strong, electrical insulating property good, corrosion resistance is strong, stable performance, security performance are good can make up the deficiency of resistance strain measurement, the application in civil engineering work in recent years increases gradually.And utilize fiber grating sensing technology to carry out the research of automobile dynamically weighing method, owing to being subject to the restriction of (FBG) demodulator demodulation speed etc., take desk research at present as main, and require by the speed of vehicle lower, can not meet field high-speed test needs, not yet have the report of on-the-spot practical application or product to occur.
Summary of the invention
It is a kind of based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed that the object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide, be intended to solve current dynamic vehicle Weighing method and take desk research as main, and require by the speed of vehicle lower, can not meet field high-speed test needs, not yet have the report of on-the-spot practical application or the problem that product occurs.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed, should comprise the following steps based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed:
Step 1, adopts Mintrop wave interpretation principle, by the strain increment information judgement wheel of each sensor on weighing plate, whether is passed through, and does not need to establish ground induction coil to triggering by vehicle;
Step 2, the ski-jump of Mintrop wave is that wheel carries the zero hour of setting foot on weighing plate, and the time interval, the velocity contrast information that by front and back two axletrees, occur are carried out front and back vehicles segmentation;
Step 3, processing is in real time heavy by time, the speed of a motor vehicle, wheel load, the axle of vehicle, distance between axles information;
Step 4, from error correction, when certain sensor breaks down, automatic alarm, and utilize interpolation technique to recalculate strain output.
Further, in step 1, gather each sensor Mintrop wave strain signal before arriving, mean value is as the benchmark strain that wheel is weighed, and thinks that weighing plate carries during passing through at wheel temperature-resistant, eliminated the impact of temperature on strain measurement.
Further, in step 2, the measurement of car speed and the antero posterior axis spacing formula P=vS/S that weighs
0, v be wheel load in the translational speed of Y-direction, wheel moving process medium velocity in the wide B of plate can be considered uniform; S
0under unit load effect, the strain integration output on plate center line in Y-direction; S is under mobile wheel load action, strain integration output on plate center line in Y-direction, the travel speed of vehicle also participates in the calculating of wheel load, two weighing plates are arranged on respectively to the left and right sides on runway, in direction of traffic spacing, be 1m, by left and right sides wheel, by the mistiming of weighing plate, calculate car speed respectively, (FBG) demodulator system time is read by Microsecond grade, by wheel shaft before and after the car speed recording and vehicle, by the mistiming of weighing plate, can calculate the spacing of vehicle front and back wheel shaft.
Further, weighing plate comprises: flexible member plate, encapsulation bolt, package board, optical fiber, lower bolster, limited post elasticity; Element board is arranged on the centre position of weighing plate, encapsulation bolt is arranged on the front-end and back-end of flexible member plate, encapsulation version is arranged on the left and right sides of flexible member plate, optical fiber be arranged on flexible member plate below, lower bolster be arranged on flexible member plate below, limited post is arranged on the bottom of weighing plate.
Provided by the invention based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed, by take carload investigation as foothold and starting point, endless plate theory be the dynamic weighing method of basis, fiber optic sensor technology; The error of single-wheel load is ± 25%, and the error of gross combination weight is ± 10%, single-wheel maximum load 150kN.The present invention carries out initiative combination by traditional bended plate type dynamic weighing method and good optical fiber sensing technology, walking out laboratory marches toward in Practical Project test, dynamic weighing method has certain advance and actual application value, design and the integrated service level of bridge have been improved, maintenance times and the maintenance cost of bridge have been reduced, the efficient unimpeded and comfortableness that has ensured communications and transportation, has good direct economic benefit and social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be the embodiment of the present invention provide based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method flow diagram of optical fibre grating high-speed;
Fig. 2 is the bended plate type weighing plate principle schematic that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 3 is the diagram of strains on the wheel load effect lower plate center line that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the bearing plate that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the cut-open view of the bearing plate that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
In figure: 1, flexible member plate; 2, encapsulation bolt; 3, package board; 4, optical fiber; 5, lower bolster; 6, weighing plate; 7, limited post;
Fig. 6 is the realization flow figure of the Weighing method that provides of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, application principle of the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed of the embodiment of the present invention:
S101: adopt Mintrop wave interpretation principle, whether passed through by the strain increment information judgement wheel of each sensor on weighing plate, do not need to establish ground induction coil to triggering by vehicle;
S102: the ski-jump of Mintrop wave is that wheel carries the zero hour of setting foot on weighing plate, and the time interval, the velocity contrast information that by front and back two axletrees, occur are carried out front and back vehicles segmentation;
S103: process in real time the information such as time by vehicle, the speed of a motor vehicle, wheel load, axle weight, distance between axles;
S104: from error correction, when certain sensor breaks down, automatic alarm, and utilize interpolation technique to recalculate strain output.
In step S101, gather each sensor Mintrop wave arrive before the strain signal of certain hour, its mean value is as the benchmark strain that this wheel is weighed, and thinks that weighing plate carries during passing through at wheel that it is temperature-resistant, has eliminated the impact of temperature on strain measurement;
In step S102, the measurement of car speed and the antero posterior axis spacing formula P=vS/S that weighs
0show, the travel speed of vehicle also participates in the calculating of wheel load, very necessary to its Measurement accuracy.System is arranged on respectively the left and right sides on runway by two weighing plates, in direction of traffic spacing, is 1m.By left and right sides wheel, by the mistiming of weighing plate, calculate car speed respectively, for improving computational accuracy, (FBG) demodulator system time is read by Microsecond grade.By wheel shaft before and after the car speed recording and vehicle, by the mistiming of weighing plate, can calculate the spacing of vehicle front and back wheel shaft.
Concrete steps of the present invention are:
Weighing plate, as the sensing device of weighing system, directly carries wheel load and produces strain, requires elastic performance good, and uniform and stable property is good, has certain strength and stiffness, and repeatedly under wheel load effect, can not produce excessive plastic yield.Through than choosing, adopt a kind of 65Mn steel plate after Technology for Heating Processing processing as flexible member material, through checking its ultimate tensile strength (UTS) to reach 783MPa, yield strength 626MPa, its impact flexibility and anti-wear performance are all good.
The structural design of weighing system, principle and test thereof by weighing plate need, the width size requirements vehicle wheel of weighing plate carries thereon in rolling process wheel whole effects moments in the above, and narrow plate can make whole load effect can not be caused to error onboard in wheel rolling process.According to the result of study of geometric properties that tire is landed, in conjunction with the Road width on highway, select two weighing plates that are of a size of 1875mm * 320mm * 8mm as LOAD CELLS, the left and right sides of the runway of installing respectively.
While working due to weighing plate, need to isolate with road and bridge structure thing around, independent bearing wheel load, and require two long limits of weighing plate to fix, like this for weighing plate designs a base (lower bolster) with enough rigidity, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the long limit of weighing plate is adopted to double being bolted on base.In addition, for preventing that weighing plate overload from producing excessive deformation, in the middle of weighing plate base, limited post is set, the gap between limited post and weighing plate is suitable to meet being deformed into of maximum wheel load effect; Weighing plate 6 is mainly by: flexible member plate 1, encapsulation bolt 2, package board 3, optical fiber 4, lower bolster 5, limited post 7; Element board 1 is arranged on the centre position of weighing plate 6, encapsulation bolt 2 is arranged on the front-end and back-end of flexible member plate 1, package board 3 is arranged on the left and right sides of flexible member plate 1, optical fiber 4 be arranged on flexible member plate 1 below, lower bolster 5 be arranged on flexible member plate 1 below, limited post 7 is arranged on the bottom of weighing plate 6;
The checking computations of weighing plate, consider the maximum wheel load situation of factual survey gained, select the single-wheel of 75kN and the two-wheel of 150kN to act on weighing plate, consider the contact area of tire, analyze to such an extent that the major principal stress of plate is respectively 560MPa and 535MPa, maximum downwarp is respectively 1.0mm and 0.9mm.And the single order natural vibration frequency of weighing plate is 1099Hz, far above the vertical motion frequency of vehicle, can not resonate with the vehicle passing through, the vertical bendind rigidity of weighing plate is higher, after vehicle passes through, can return rapidly equilibrium position.
The test of strain on weighing plate center line, by weighing plate volume, the core of dynamic weighing system design is to realize wheel to be loaded in the measurement of moving process to Y-direction strain on plate center line on weighing plate, this strain by using fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensor device is measured, its raster center wavelength is 1525nm～1565nm, and resolution is 0.5 μ ε.
Strain integrogram area A shown in Fig. 2, can by its discrete be the strain of some measuring points, by numerical analysis theory, carry out numerical value and approach, on every weighing plate center line, arrange altogether 12 fiber Bragg grating strain sensors for this reason, see Fig. 3.Adopt the good SM130 (FBG) demodulator of dynamic property to carry out demodulation to reflecting light, demodulation wavelength coverage is 1510nm～1590nm, stability 2pm, repeatability 0.5pmF.S., and have automatic calibration function, the highest frequency, demodulation frequency reaches 1000Hz, to realize high speed dynamic weighing.
As shown in Figure 6, the present invention utilizes Labview graphical programming language, on the basis of (FBG) demodulator capture program interface, has realized the function of dynamic weighing system:
1) adopt Mintrop wave interpretation principle, whether strain increment information judgement wheel by each sensor passes through, do not need to establish ground induction coil to triggering by vehicle, the ski-jump of Mintrop wave is that wheel carries the zero hour of setting foot on weighing plate, and the information such as the time interval occurring by front and back two axletrees, velocity contrast is carried out front and back vehicles segmentation;
2) gather each sensor Mintrop wave arrive before the strain signal of certain hour, its mean value is as the benchmark strain that this wheel is weighed, and thinks that weighing plate carries during passing through at wheel that it is temperature-resistant, has eliminated the impact of temperature on strain measurement;
3) process in real time the information such as time by vehicle, the speed of a motor vehicle, wheel load, axle weight, distance between axles;
4) from error correction, when certain sensor breaks down, automatic alarm, and utilize interpolation technique to recalculate strain output,
The measurement of car speed and antero posterior axis spacing
Formula P=vS/S weighs
0, v be wheel load in the translational speed of Y-direction, wheel in the wide B of plate in moving process its speed can be considered uniform; S
0under unit load effect, the strain integration output on plate center line in Y-direction; S is under mobile wheel load action, the strain integration output on plate center line in Y-direction.Show, the travel speed of vehicle also participates in the calculating of wheel load, very necessary to its Measurement accuracy, system is arranged on respectively the left and right sides on runway by two weighing plates, in direction of traffic spacing, is 1m, by left and right sides wheel, calculates car speed respectively by the mistiming of weighing plate, for improving computational accuracy, (FBG) demodulator system time is read by Microsecond grade, by wheel shaft before and after the car speed recording and vehicle, by the mistiming of weighing plate, can calculate the spacing of vehicle front and back wheel shaft.
In conjunction with following checking and embodiment, the present invention is described further:
1, the checking of weighing system and demarcation
Respectively the assembly of weighing plate and fiber-optic grating sensor composition is carried out to the test of its static performance and fatigue behaviour, verified system linearity degree, stability and reliability.
To be arranged on on-the-spot weighing system, utilize respectively and weigh to such an extent that heavy minibus and the lorry of axle carries out scene contrast actual measurement through weighbridge, with the precision of checking system.Table 1 and table 2 are respectively minibus and lorry carries out field actual measurement results, the weighing system error criterion that table 3 is formulated for the U.S. ASTM standard council.Comparing result shows, the error of measured result all meets the requirement of ASTM E1318 standard, and weighing error and car speed do not exist correlativity, and the weighing system of developing can meet field measurement requirement.
The measured result contrast of table 1 minibus
The measured result contrast of table 2 lorry
The ASTM E1318 standard of table 3WIM system performance
2, the field measurement of dynamic weighing system and contrast
Field measurement situation, measured result for the dynamic weighing system that further checking is researched and developed, on leading the way in east, ferry, the Humen, Guangdong, buried this dynamic title system underground, the commercial dynamic weighing system of a set of HI-TDX has been installed, hereby to contrast simultaneously at, 30 meters, the place ahead of this weighing system.Utilize this two weighing system continuous dynamic weighing that carries out vehicle for 7 days at the scene, obtain altogether the relevant information of approximately 60,000 vehicles.
Measured result contrast, because the above-mentioned two on-the-spot test results of overlapping dynamic weighing systems all exist certain error, does not exist an actual value to carry out error assessment.In fact, analyzing having little significance that single wheel load carries or vehicle is heavy, is all on the basis of a large amount of observation to the research of carload, takes probability statistics technology to process.Therefore, the contrast to the observed reading of this two cover system, the angle of the main probability statistics from test result is tested.For skewed distribution, because its probability distribution function is unknown, can be from the consistance of overall equality angle test samples.
To two samples, adopt respectively inclined to one side peaked test method to be tested by the degree of bias and the kurtosis of sample, result shows all to disobey normal distribution.So adopt rank test method, the measured result of two weighing systems is carried out to overall Test of Equality.
So-called order is exactly the sequence number number of certain observed reading after the ascending arrangement ordering of measured value.After two samples are mixed, find the order of each observed reading of any one sample in mixing sample, these orders cumulative obtains an amount T, is referred to as sum of ranks.When sample is enough large, there is statistic
N is wherein sample size.
Formula (1) shows, when sample size is enough large, and statistic T
*normal Distribution.According to the theory of hypothesis testing, suppose that the distribution of two samples equates, in level of significance α=0.01 time, obtain statistic T
*the critical value u of region of rejection
1-α/2=2.576.
Rank test method result shows, the statistic T of two cover system measured results
*be 2.089, be less than region of rejection critical value, the assumed condition that can accept inspection, thinks that the population distribution of this two cover systems measured result equates.The optical fiber dynamic weighing system of developing is herein the same to the weighing effect of carload with commercial dynamic weighing system.
The present invention utilizes a set of bended plate type high-speed dynamic weighing system that can meet actual measurement, have certain precision of optical fiber Bragg grating sensor development, for the load research of bridge provides necessary means, be the application of fiber grating sensing technology in science of bridge building simultaneously, new approaches are provided.By mathematical statistics, known, the Statistical Comparison between two samples can be divided into two different situations of normal distribution and skewed distribution.Situation for normal distribution can be entered the equality of the average of two samples and variance.
The present invention can be applied to: in road and bridge engineering, need automobile the weigh work, overload remediation inspection post, traffic loading long-term observation investigation etc. of investigation.
The present invention be take carload investigation as foothold and starting point, first take endless plate theory as basis, take the application technology of Fibre Optical Sensor as basic, researched and developed based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed, after demarcating, surveyed to obtain the situation of the actual traffic load on Guangdong Province's highway; To measured result statistical analysis, with reference to the definite principle to carload in standard, on the probability distribution curve of gross combination weight, vehicle axle weight etc., by certain tantile, determine, and then obtain carload parameter etc.
The present invention take bended plate type dynamic weighing method principle as basis, by the demonstration of structure model selection, computational analysis etc., develop the resilient support structure of automobile dynamically weighing method; Utilize the basic test means that Fibre Optical Sensor is dynamic weighing method, through the overall performance research of Software for Design, experiment on fatigue properties, static and dynamic performance test etc., develop to obtain dynamic weighing method; Through on-site proving with the actual measurement of commercial dynamic weighing method, contrast, verified the precision of the Weighing method of researching and developing; According to field measurement, obtain carload situation, proposed the carload parameter based on measured result, and calculate in conjunction with real bridge, analyze the carload effect situation in realistic bridges that obtains.
The present invention has improved design and the integrated service level of bridge, has reduced maintenance times and the maintenance cost of bridge, has ensured the efficient unimpeded and comfortableness of communications and transportation, has good direct economic benefit and social benefit.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed, it is characterized in that, should comprise the following steps based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed:
Step 1, adopts Mintrop wave interpretation principle, by the strain increment information judgement wheel of each sensor on weighing plate, whether is passed through, and does not need to establish ground induction coil to triggering by vehicle;
Step 2, the ski-jump of Mintrop wave is that wheel carries the zero hour of setting foot on weighing plate, and the time interval, the velocity contrast information that by front and back two axletrees, occur are carried out front and back vehicles segmentation;
Step 3, processing is in real time heavy by time, the speed of a motor vehicle, wheel load, the axle of vehicle, distance between axles information;
Step 4, from error correction, when certain sensor breaks down, automatic alarm, and utilize interpolation technique to recalculate strain output.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed, it is characterized in that, in step 1, gather each sensor Mintrop wave and arrive previous strain signal, mean value is as the benchmark strain that wheel is weighed, think that weighing plate carries during passing through at wheel temperature-resistant, eliminated the impact of temperature on strain measurement.
3. as claimed in claim 1ly based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed, it is characterized in that, in step 2, the measurement of car speed and the antero posterior axis spacing formula P=vS/S that weighs
0, v be wheel load in the translational speed of Y-direction, wheel moving process medium velocity in the wide B of plate can be considered uniform; S
0under unit load effect, the strain integration output on plate center line in Y-direction; S is under mobile wheel load action, strain integration output on plate center line in Y-direction, the travel speed of vehicle also participates in the calculating of wheel load, two weighing plates are arranged on respectively to the left and right sides on runway, in direction of traffic spacing, be 1m, by left and right sides wheel, by the mistiming of weighing plate, calculate car speed respectively, (FBG) demodulator system time is read by Microsecond grade, by wheel shaft before and after the car speed recording and vehicle, by the mistiming of weighing plate, can calculate the spacing of vehicle front and back wheel shaft.
4. as claimed in claim 1ly based on the dynamic automobile dynamically weighing method of optical fibre grating high-speed, it is characterized in that, weighing plate comprises: flexible member plate, encapsulation bolt, package board, optical fiber, lower bolster, limited post; Element board is arranged on the centre position of weighing plate, encapsulation bolt is arranged on the front-end and back-end of flexible member plate, package board is arranged on the left and right sides of flexible member plate, optical fiber be arranged on flexible member plate below, lower bolster be arranged on flexible member plate below, limited post is arranged on the bottom of weighing plate.
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