CN103983874B - A kind of electron accelerator and the method for realizing the low fluence environment of electron beam - Google Patents
A kind of electron accelerator and the method for realizing the low fluence environment of electron beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN103983874B CN103983874B CN201410210427.4A CN201410210427A CN103983874B CN 103983874 B CN103983874 B CN 103983874B CN 201410210427 A CN201410210427 A CN 201410210427A CN 103983874 B CN103983874 B CN 103983874B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of electron accelerator and the method for realizing the low fluence environment of electron beam, pass through the method for porous decay, on the premise of accelerator structure, control system is not changed, electron accelerator is transformed into the small throughput space radiation environment ground simulator for meeting military standard of China.Pass through Monte Carlo simulation computational methods and high resolution measurement method, have studied reduces electron beam power spectrum after electron beam flux, secondary radiation, irradiation field uniformity by damped method, can adapt to electronic component, marine radiation effect research and the requirement of study on assessing method.Solve existing electron accelerator high technical problem of electron flux when carrying out electronic component irradiation effects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to application of the nuclear technology in astrionics field, and in particular to one kind is decayed using many micropores shields
Cover and realize the low fluence radiation effect simulated test environment of electron beam and corresponding method.
Background technology
Space radiation environment mainly captures the radiation zone formed and the sun occurred at random by galactic cosmic ray, earth magnetism
Particle event is constituted.Earth magnetism capture band is mainly made up of proton and electronics, wherein the energy of electronics in 0.1MeV between 5MeV,
The fluence rate maximum of electronics can reach 4E+7e/cm2s.Capturing having electronic can be to the material, solar cell, sensing of spacecraft
Device and integrated circuit cause radiation injury.Therefore generally spacecraft associated materials and device are entered using electron beam in advance on ground
Row Study on Irradiation Effects, electron accelerator is most important space radiation environment ground simulation irradiation devices.For simulating space
The electron accelerator of radiation environment needs to meet some requirements：Continuous, stable state goes out beam to electron beam for a long time, and irradiation launched field has
Larger area, is easy to batch irradiation device.Electron-beam dose uniformity is better than 90% in irradiation launched field.Electron accelerator is
A kind of big system of multi-specialized Integration ofTechnology, cost is very high.In the market without special small throughput steady state electronic accelerator
Sale, scientific research institution is typically chosen the relatively low industrial irradiation accelerator of compact conformation, performance stabilization, power as space radiation ring
Border ground simulation irradiation devices.Advantage from industrial irradiation accelerator is the test that device mode of operation have passed through longtime running,
Energy, line stability are good, and irradiated area is big, operation, easy maintenance；Have the disadvantage that beam intensity is bigger than normal.
Applicant has introduced ELV-8II type electron accelerators from Russia, for irradiation effects.Applicant have selected
The minimum model of power, has specially installed tuftlet flow module additional, nominal line is from 0.01mA to 10mA, and dynamic range spans four
Magnitude.But the minimum electronic beam current intensity of the accelerator is still bigger than normal.It is 0.01mA in nominal line, electron energy is 1.0MeV
When, it is about 6.5 × 10 away from the electron flux gone out at beam window 20cm10Electronics/cm2S, leads to than the maximum electronics in space radiation environment
Amount is three orders of magnitude greater, and radiation dose rate is in 1557rad (Si)/more than s, away from wanting for true simulation space electronic beam radiation environment
Ask also there is a big difference.And GJB5422-2005《Military electronic component and device gamma-rays intergal dose effect measurement method》Regulation,
The close rate of radiation effect simulated test should be in 300rad (Si)/below s.When simulating space radiation environment, if simulation
Irradiation bomb differs too big with real space radiation environment electron flux and radiation dose rate, and the radiation effect data of acquisition can not be true
Radiation effect changing rule under real reaction real space radiation environment.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of method that the low fluence radiation environment of electron beam is realized on electron accelerator, it can
To provide the low fluence radiation environment of electron beam being more or less the same with real space radiation environment electron flux and radiation dose rate, solution
Determined existing electron accelerator carry out electronic component irradiation effects when the high technical problem of electron flux.
A kind of electron accelerator, it is characterized in that：Including electron accelerator and being arranged at accelerator exit window
Metallic porous sheet；The thickness of the porous plate should than corresponding energy range big 0.5mm more than of the electronics in the metal；It is described
Uniform aperture on porous plate, its aperture is 0.8-1.5mm, and pitch of holes is 8-20mm.
The material of above-mentioned porous plate is rafifinal.
Above-mentioned electron accelerator is steady state electronic accelerator, and the porous plate thickness is electron accelerator outgoing electron at this
Maximum range+1mm in metal；Minimum distance of the porous plate away from exit window is 10cm；The hole of aperture on the porous plate
Footpath is 1mm, and pitch of holes is 10mm.
A kind of method for realizing the low fluence environment of electron beam, it is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps：
1) range according to electron accelerator outgoing electron in a metal, selects at least 1mm metallic plate thicker than the range；
2) uniform aperture is opened on a metal plate, forms porous plate；Wherein the aperture of aperture and pitch of holes are true in the following manner
It is fixed：
Aperture lower limit is determined by mechanical processing difficulty；The aperture upper limit using the influence to Electron fluence and power spectrum tend to saturation as
Limit；
The lower limit of pitch of holes is determined by mechanical processing difficulty；The upper limit of pitch of holes is become with the influence to Electron fluence and power spectrum
It is limited in saturation；
3) porous plate is blocked at away from electron accelerator exit window minimum distance；
4) open electron accelerator, the space beyond away from porous plate 10cm be could be irradiated experiment electron beam it is low
Fluence environment.
5th, the method according to claim 4 for realizing the low fluence environment of electron beam, it is characterised in that：
The aperture of aperture is 0.8-1.5mm on the metallic plate, and pitch of holes is 8-20mm.
When electron accelerator is 2MeV accelerators and metallic sheet material is rafifinal, the porous plate thickness is 5mm；
Minimum distance of the porous plate away from exit window is 10cm；The aperture of aperture is 1mm on the porous plate, and pitch of holes is 10mm.
In order that reducing accelerator electron flux, strengthen the space radiation environment equivalence of Electron Beam Simulation irradiation devices,
The present invention uses porous damped method, in the case where not influenceing electron beam spectral distribution, electron beam flux is reduced to 4.5 ×
108Electronics/cm2S, close rate is reduced to 10rad (Si)/s.
The method that the present invention is simulated by Monte Carlo transport, calculates what electron beam was changed by power spectrum before and after porous plate
Situation, and electricity is compared by the method for depth-dose distribution before and after porous plate using colour developing film dosimetry meter measurement electron beam
The energy variation situation of beamlet.Small throughput electron radiation environmental simulation irradiation devices are built up, indices meet the requirements.
The technology of the present invention focuses on the method by porous decay, before accelerator structure, control system is not changed
Put, electron accelerator is transformed into the small throughput space radiation environment ground simulator for meeting military standard of China.Pass through
Monte Carlo simulation computational methods and high resolution measurement method, have studied reduces electron beam after electron beam flux by damped method
Power spectrum, secondary radiation, irradiation field uniformity, can adapt to electronic component, marine radiation effect research and study on assessing method
Requirement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is power spectrum of the 1.8MeV electronics by titanium window and different-thickness air；
Fig. 2 is power spectrum of the 1.8MeV electronics by different pore size porous plate；
Fig. 3 is power spectrum of the 1.8MeV electronics by generation photon after different pore size porous plate；
Fig. 4 is power spectrum of the 1.8MeV electronics by different pitch of holes porous plates；
Fig. 5 be 1.8MeV electronics by with not by the spectral difference of porous plate；
Fig. 6 be 1.8MeV electronics by with not by the depth-dose distribution difference of porous plate；
Fig. 7 is the 1.8MeV electron beams uniformity that dosage is distributed at different distance after by porous plate；
Fig. 8 is distributed away from dosage at porous plate 0cm；
Fig. 9 is distributed away from dosage at porous plate 10cm.
Embodiment
The Monte-Carlo code that the present invention is used for EGSnrc systematic difference program BEAMnrc, BEAMdp and
DOSXYZnrc, wherein BEAMnrc can be used for the transport process of simulation electronic accelerator and electronics in beam window, target material is gone out.
BEAMdp is used to analyze and process the phase space file of BEAMnrc generations to obtain electronics and photons spectrum information, DOSXYZnrc
The energy deposited in the die body of rectangular co-ordinate, the record each unit of die body is incided for simulation electronic, it can thus be concluded that arriving mould
3-dimensional dose distribution in body.The Dosimetry used is novel developing film dosimeter, two-dimensional measurement spatial resolution
10 microns can be reached.
Porous plate is made of rafifinal, and thickness is 5mm, more than range 4.5mm of the 2MeV electronics in aluminium.Select low original
Sub- ordinal number materials of aluminum, which does attenuating plate, can reduce the generation of electron bombardment bremsstrahlung on metallic aluminium.Bremsstrahlung is characterized to produce
Physical quantity radiative stopping power and the atomic number of target material square be directly proportional.Radiation of the 2MeV electronics in aluminium prevents this
Lead as 0.043MeV cm2/g, the radiative stopping power ability in iron is 0.083MeV cm2/g, bigger than aluminium 1 times；In lead
Radiative stopping power be 0.23MeV cm2/g, it is bigger than aluminium 5 times.Aluminium is easily worked micropore, is proper decay sheet material
Material.
Research process
The simulation of 1 porous Board position is calculated
1.8MeV electron beams are calculated using BEAMnrc combinations BEAMdp simulations first beam titanium is gone out by 0.05mm accelerators
The change of power spectrum after the air layer of window and different-thickness, as shown in Figure 1.
It will be noted from fig. 1 that 1.8MeV electron beam passes through 0.05mm titanium exit window, energy loss is about
0.02MeV.Energy also has certain loss when electronics passes through air layer, and away from going out at beam window 20cm, beam energy is about
1.745MeV；And at 60cm, beam energy has been reduced to about 1.685MeV.According to this result of calculation, porous aluminium sheet should
This is placed near position of being tried one's best away from accelerator exit window, to reduce decay of the air layer to beam energy.ELV-8II accelerates
There is ventilation cooling device at device exit window, minimum distance of the porous aluminium sheet away from exit window is 10cm.Therefore simulation meter afterwards
Distance of the porous aluminium sheet away from outgoing titanium window is fixed as 10cm in calculation.
The simulation of 2 perforated plate constructions is calculated
Shadow of the spacing between the size of porous panel aperture and hole to electron beam fluence is calculated using BEAMnrc programs
Ring.The method that decoupled method is employed in order to save during machine, during calculating.To the public portion of accelerator that will be calculated in all calculating
Point, as electron beam passes through titanium window and 10cm air layer, do and once calculate.A statistics plane is set in 10cm air layers bottom,
The phase space file of generation is used as the source file subsequently calculated.
Fig. 2 is that the other specification of porous plate is constant, and pitch of holes is 10mm, and aperture is respectively 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 2.0mm
When, electron beam passes through the power spectrum change after porous aluminium sheet.It can be seen that influence of the aperture to Electron fluence ratio in below 1mm
It is larger, and 1mm and 2mm aperture is more or less the same on electron beam fluence and power spectrum influence.Also calculate simultaneously electric under three kinds of apertures
The bremsstrahlung spectrum that beamlet is produced after by porous plate, as shown in figure 3, the power spectrum of photon does not have substantially after different pore size
Difference.Thousands of uniform point is got out during processing porous plate (attenuating plate) being about on 80cm, wide 30cm, thickness 5mm aluminium sheet
The aperture of cloth.In view of the difficulty of processing, aperture diameter is set to 1mm.
Fig. 4 is that the aperture of porous plate is fixed as 1mm, when pitch of holes is respectively 10mm, 15mm and 20mm, and electron beam passes through many
The change of power spectrum after orifice plate.It can be seen that influence of the spacing to Electron fluence and power spectrum tends to saturation after 15mm, no longer
With spacing increase and and substantially increase attenuating.Equally, electron beam passes through the bremsstrahlung power spectrum produced after different spacing
Also without significant difference.Attenuating plate micropore spacing is set to 1cm by the present invention, meets the technical indicator of project demand.If will
Micro-pore diameter is contracted to 0.8mm or smaller, and pitch of holes increases to 12mm or bigger, can increase damped electron Shu Tongliang energy
Power.
The simulation of 3 power spectrums is calculated
The position that the structure of porous plate is determined and places by above-mentioned calculating, i.e., porous plate is by the high-purity of thickness 5.0mm
Aluminium is made.In view of the difficulty of machining, a diameter of 1mm in hole is determined, the spacing in hole is 10mm.It is placed on and goes out away from accelerator
Penetrate window 10cm position.
According to the parameter of these determinations, calculate aluminium porous plate respectively using BEAMnrc and exist and in the absence of two kinds of situations
Lower electron beam passes through accelerator titanium exit window, and 10cm air layers, and 0.5cm aluminium porous plate (with 0.5cm air replaced by contrast situation
Generation) transport situation.Statistics plane is located at multi-well plate bottom.The phase space text that two comparing calculations are obtained is analyzed with BEAMdp
Part, has drawn the situation of change of electron beam power spectrum, as shown in Figure 5.From result of calculation as can be seen that porous plate is to electron beam fluence
Decay it is obvious, decayed close to 2 orders of magnitude.The shape of power spectrum is essentially identical, illustrates 1mm aperture, pitch of holes
Influences of the 10mm to the power spectrum of 1.8MeV electron beams be not obvious.
The measurement of 4 electron beam ceiling capacities
Because the flux ratio of accelerator electron beam is larger, detector can not be directly used because counting rate is too high under present condition
Measure spectral distribution.This work method according to as defined in GB/T16841-2008, accelerator electron beam is measured using wedges method
Depth-dose distribution in water equivalent material polystyrene.Dosimeter is measured from colour developing film badge.
Measurement result is as shown in fig. 6, be depth when 1.8MeV electron beams are not added with porous plate at away from exit window 30cm respectively
Spend dose distribution map；And in same location, but away from after going out and placing 0.5cm at beam window 10cm, aperture 1mm, pitch of holes 10mm
Porous plate after depth-dose distribution.
From fig. 6, it can be seen that depth-dose distribution shape of the electron beam in the case of passing through and being not passed through two kinds of porous plate
There is certain difference, illustrate that porous plate has certain disturbance to the power spectrum of electron beam.But obtained from depth-dose distribution extrapolation
Range difference less, electron beam is in the range Rp1=6.3mm of polystyrene, the range RP2=of no porous plate when having porous plate
6.45mm。
According to the relation of electron beam range and energy in polystyrene
E=1.972Rp*1.06+0.245 (1)
Wherein Rp units are g/cm2, E units are MeV.
It can obtain, the ceiling capacity of electron beam is when having porous plate, E1=1.562MeV
The ceiling capacity of electron beam is during without porous plate, E2=1.593MeV
Rate of change is 1.8%, it is believed that influence of the porous plate to maximum electron energy can be ignored.
The simulation of 5 dosage field uniformities is calculated
The dosage distribution away from horizontal direction in Water ball at porous plate different distance is calculated using DOSXYZnrc.It is set
Die body long 5.25cm, wide 5.25cm, high 2.5cm, be divided into 0.25 × 0.25 × 0.05cm voxel.Calculate each picture
Mean dose in element.The dose value for choosing horizontal plane 21 pixels of center line is distributed as the dosage of horizontal direction.Count respectively
Let it pass away from porous plate 0cm, 5cm, 10cm, the dosage distribution of horizontal direction at tetra- distances of 15cm, as shown in Figure 7：
From result of calculation as can be seen that in the position for being close to porous plate, dosage distribution is very uneven, and there is agent porose position
Amount distribution, non-porous position dosage very little；Dosage distribution has tended to be uniform at away from plate 5cm, in the position away from more than plate 10cm,
Dose uniformity is better than 10%.
The measurement of 6 dosage distribution
The advantage of two-dimentional dosage distribution can be measured using the film that develops the color, electron beam is passed through after porous plate at zero distance
Measured with the irradiation dose uniformity at 10cm.Colour developing film is cut to long 5cm, and wide 1cm bar shaped is placed on organic
To ensure the uniformity of back scattering on glass die body.Measurement result is as shown in the figure：When electron beam just passes through porous plate, only have
There is an irradiation dose position in hole, and non-porous place's dosage is close to 0；And at away from porous plate 10cm, dosage distribution is substantially uniform,
Even property is better than 10%, as shown in Figure 8, Figure 9.
The present invention is calculated using Monte Carlo transport, with reference to the work of well-designed test measurement, to ELV-8II type electronics
Transport process of the 1.8MeV electron beams that accelerator is produced in porous aluminium sheet, it is porous by the change of power spectrum before and after porous plate
Plate is studied the Dynamic characteristic of disturbing of dosage field uniformity, obtains drawing a conclusion：
(1) when below 1.8MeV electron beams pass through titanium exit window and air layer, power spectrum can be affected, and energy has declined
Subtract.
(2) influence of the aperture of rafifinal porous plate and spacing to electron beam fluence and power spectrum is not linear, and aperture exists
During more than 1.0mm, influence of the increase aperture to electron beam power spectrum and fluence is smaller；Influence of the pitch of holes to electron beam also class
Seemingly, pitch of holes more than 15mm when, influence of the increase pitch of holes to electron beam is little.
(3) the use of aperture is 1.0mm, pitch of holes is 10mm, and thickness is 5mm rafifinal porous plate, can be obvious
The fluence of ground damped electron beam.The result that simulation is calculated shows, unobvious by the change of electron beam power spectrum after porous plate.
(4) measured using range method by electron beam ceiling capacity before and after porous plate, measurement result shows, electron beam is most
Big energy variation is smaller, reduces 1.8%, but from the shape of depth-dose distribution, power spectrum of the porous plate to electron beam
There is certain disturbance, add low energy composition.
(5) influence of the porous plate to electron beam irradiation uniformity away from plate apart near position than larger, away from plate 10cm
Position above, uniformity has been better than 10%, can be used for irradiation test.
(6) it is feasible using the method for porous plate decay accelerator electron beam fluence, porous plate is to electron beam fluence
Attenuation is obvious, and the influence to electron beam power spectrum is little.
The principle of the invention：
Innovative point of the present invention is that design machined a kind of electronic intensity attenuating plate, and thickness is regularly arranged on 5mm, plate
Diameter 1mm, spacing 10mm round bur hole.Using the method for porous decay, significantly reduce a radiation effect simulation irradiation and add
The electron beam intensity of fast device.And in the case where detector direct measurement power spectrum can not be used, calculated using Monte Carlo simulation
Method and the two-dimentional dosage distribution measuring method of high-resolution novel developing film, before and after have studied electron beam by this attenuating plate
Electron spectrum change, electron flux change, the change of close rate and dosage field uniformity situation.Result of study shows, this many
The method of hole decay, is not changing accelerator structure, in the case of electron beam power spectrum is not influenceed, and accelerator electron beam flux is dropped
More than low two orders of magnitude, electron accelerator simulation irradiation bomb close rate is reduced to 10rad (Si)/s, meets national military standard
Requirement to component irradiation test close rate.Domestic unique small throughput electron radiation environmental simulation irradiation devices are built up.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for realizing the low fluence environment of electron beam, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
1) range according to electron accelerator outgoing electron in a metal, selects at least 1mm metallic plate thicker than the range；
2) uniform aperture is opened on a metal plate, forms porous plate；Wherein the aperture of aperture and pitch of holes are determined in the following manner：
Aperture lower limit is determined by mechanical processing difficulty；The aperture upper limit tends to saturation with the influence to Electron fluence and power spectrum and is limited；
The lower limit of pitch of holes is determined by mechanical processing difficulty；The upper limit of pitch of holes tends to be full with the influence to Electron fluence and power spectrum
Be limited；
3) porous plate is blocked at away from electron accelerator exit window minimum distance；
4) electron accelerator is opened, the space beyond away from porous plate 10cm is the low fluence of electron beam that could be irradiated experiment
Environment.
2. the method according to claim 1 for realizing the low fluence environment of electron beam, it is characterised in that：
The aperture of aperture is 0.8-1.5mm on the metallic plate, and pitch of holes is 8-20mm.
3. the method according to claim 2 for realizing the low fluence environment of electron beam, it is characterised in that：
When electron accelerator is 2MeV accelerators and metallic sheet material is rafifinal, the porous plate thickness is 5mm；It is described many
The aperture of aperture is 1mm on orifice plate, and pitch of holes is 10mm.
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| CN104720839B (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2017-06-27 | 中国计量科学研究院 | A kind of new CT performance detection die body |
| CN108345026B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2021-06-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for calculating energy spectrum of charged particle after protective layer |
| CN111158041B (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2022-03-08 | 深圳大学 | Portable calibration60Device and method for Co gamma ray three-dimensional dose field |
| CN111505454B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2022-04-05 | 国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心) | Method for monitoring deep charging of internal medium of satellite |
| CN112558137B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Beam transverse and longitudinal detector device based on ceramic vacuum pipeline |
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| CN101158705A (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2008-04-09 | 北京圣涛平试验工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Method for acquiring single particle phenomenon intersecting surface and heavy ion linear energy transfer relationship |
| CN103079332A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-05-01 | 江苏中科海维科技发展有限公司 | Mobile beam current baffle device of industrial electronic accelerator |
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| CN1305213A (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-07-25 | Lg电子株式会社 | Shadow mask in coloured cathode ray tube |
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