CN103983588A - Rock and mineral spectral feature absorption peak position identification method - Google Patents
Rock and mineral spectral feature absorption peak position identification method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a rock and mineral spectrum identification method and in particular discloses a rock and mineral spectral feature absorption peak position identification method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) performing de-noising pretreatment on a spectrum curve; (2) normalizing rock and mineral surface reflectivity; (3) selecting a second type of feature points; (4) calculating features of the spectrum curve; and (5) extracting spectrum curve absorption peak position information. According to the method, the defect that the absorption position is difficult to be accurately identified in a conventional spectral feature absorption peak identification process can be overcome, and the accuracy of rock and mineral spectral feature identification is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of Mineral and rock spectral signatures recognition methods, be specifically related to a kind of Mineral and rock spectral signatures characteristic absorption peak location recognition method.
Background technology
The spectral resolution of hyperspectral measurement instrument reaches nanometer (nm) order of magnitude higher than one of percentage wavelength, its spectrum channel number reaches tens of even hundreds of, its this uniqueness is successfully applied in a plurality of subjects such as vegetation ecological environment, geology, soil, atmosphere and ocean, and particularly in geology, the application of (aspect such as terrestrial materials classification, identification) is more extensive.When geologic prospect, hyperspectral measurement is more obvious to the more regional advantages of rock exposure, and effect is more outstanding.
The main cause that Mineral and rock spectral signatures feature produces is exactly inside ion and the crystal field effects of group and the vibration of group that forms rock ore deposit.Because the crystal structure of mineral of the same race is not also different, the various mineral spectral properties that therefore produced by lattice vibration are also different, thereby can utilize this feature to enter to identify to mineral.But because Rock Spectrum is the mixed spectra of mineral in essence, its spectral signature is subject to the impact of the factors such as composition, structure, structure and surface state.In view of the existence of the organic problems such as various effects that produce in the complexity of field ground feature environmental baseline, the impact of noise of instrument and rock and surrounding soil, Mineral and rock spectral signatures curve noise ratio is larger.
Mineral and rock spectral signatures all should comprise a series of characteristic absorption band conventionally, and these key bands of different types of Mineral and rock spectral signatures should be all not identical.These characteristic absorption bands have more stable wavelength location and waveform in different mineral, can show ionic species mineral, monomineralic existence, are to utilize high spectrum to carry out the basis of mineral identification.Spectral absorption characteristics can represent with a series of pattern parameters of the wave, as absorption bands wavelength location (λ), absorb the number (n) of the degree of depth (H), absorption width (W), symmetry (d), absorption area (A) and absorption etc.The information qualitative, composition quantitatively and in rock ore deposit that can extract various mineral from these parameters, especially absorbs depth and place.In the situation that understanding absorption paddy position (wavelength) deviation range, absorb paddy position (wavelength) and can be used as one of description field spectrum invariant feature parameter.Can utilize the wavelength location of the Absorption depth of spectrum to carry out identification roughly to earth's surface lithology distributions.
Although people make great progress for the recognition technology of spectral signature at present, various recognizers have obtained updating, but due to phenomenons such as the polymorphic form of Mineral and rock spectral signatures, isomorphs, the identification of Mineral and rock spectral signatures feature is existed a lot of uncertain, therefore, the identification gordian technique method of necessary improvement Mineral and rock spectral signatures feature, improves the accuracy rate of Mineral and rock spectral signatures feature identification.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of Mineral and rock spectral signatures characteristic absorption peak location recognition method, the method can overcome and in current spectral signature absorption peak identifying, absorbs position and be difficult to the accurately defect of identification, improves the accuracy rate of Mineral and rock spectral signatures feature identification.
Realize the technical scheme of the object of the invention: a kind of Mineral and rock spectral signatures characteristic absorption peak location recognition method, the method comprises the steps:
The noise suppression preprocessing of step (1) curve of spectrum;
Step (2) rock ore deposit surface reflectivity normalization;
Choosing of step (3) Equations of The Second Kind unique point;
Step (4) is calculated curve of spectrum feature;
Step (5) curve of spectrum absorption peak positional information is extracted.
Described step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
The discrete wave band point of the curve of spectrum, does tangent line in the position of previous point, calculates this tangent slope K (i-1)=ρ (i)-ρ (i-2)/λ (i)-λ (i-2);
According to slope, can obtain tangential equation r (i)=K (i-1) * λ (the i)+b through this point;
If the value of this intersection point is less than reflectivity, that is: r (i) < ρ (i), gets this point for true Curves is through a some r (i), that is: ρ ' (i)=r (i).Otherwise if the value of this intersection point is greater than reflectivity, that is: r (i) > ρ (i), gets reflectivity ρ (i) for the point of noiseless Curves process.
Rock ore deposit surface reflectivity normalization formula in described step (2) is as follows:
ρ'(i)＝ρ(i)-ρ
min(i)/ρ
max(i)-ρ
min(i)。
Described step specifically comprises the following steps in (3):
The slope of two straight-line segments before and after the flex point of the smooth curve of the calculating curve of spectrum, the slope K of straight-line segment before flex point
left(i)=ρ
m(i)-ρ
s1(i-1)/λ (i)-λ (i-1), the slope K of front straight-line segment after flex point
right(i)=ρ (i+1)-ρ (i)/λ (i+1)-λ (i);
If K
left(i) * K
right(i) < 0, and this point is Equations of The Second Kind unique point.
Described step (4) specifically comprises the following steps: the curve of spectrum is characterized as spectral absorption index SAI, first calculates spectral absorption index SAI=d ρ
s1+ (1-d) ρ
s2/ ρ
m.
The concrete steps that described step (5) is extracted curve of spectrum absorption peak positional information comprise: the difference according to spectral absorption exponential sum adjacent band reflectivity, different threshold values is set, and extract the positional information of mineral spectra curve Absorption Characteristics absorption peak.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is: the present invention is by adopting spectral absorption characteristics, from spectroscopic data, obtain the Absorption Characteristics information of spectrum, thereby can realize the analysis to the identification of unknown Mineral and rock spectral signatures and constituent, improve the accuracy rate of Mineral and rock spectral signatures feature identification.By carrying out noise removal process to producing the curve of spectrum of noise, obtain the level and smooth curve of spectrum, meanwhile, can guarantee to make an uproar guarantees that the reflectivity of absorption peak position does not change.By the surface reflectivity normalization of rock ore deposit, the criterion of unified reflectivity size, is conducive to carry out absorption peak position according to the parameter that absorbs the curves of spectrum such as the degree of depth and chooses.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of a kind of Mineral and rock spectral signatures characteristic absorption peak location recognition method provided by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the spectral curve after noise remove provided by the present invention;
Fig. 3 is spectral absorption characteristics quantitation curve figure provided by the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that spectral signature provided by the present invention absorbs position extraction effect figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Mineral and rock spectral signatures characteristic absorption peak location recognition method, comprises the steps:
The noise suppression preprocessing of step (1) curve of spectrum
Because wave band is continuous, the corresponding curve of spectrum should be level and smooth, and still, due to the impact of physical environment, rock surface structure, surface color, a lot of noises appear in the curve of spectrum, present polyline shaped, and deviation appears in the shape smooth with reality.
The reflectivity that must guarantee absorption peak position while doing noise remove pre-service can not change.Travel through successively the discrete wave band point of the curve of spectrum, in the position of previous point, do tangent line, will certainly intersect with the vertical line of a rear wave band point.
Calculate this tangent slope:
K(i-1)＝ρ(i)-ρ(i-2)/λ(i)-λ(i-2) (1)
Wherein, K (i-1) is the slope of (i-1) point, ρ (i), ρ (i-2) are the reflectivity of previous i point and rear one (i-2) point, and λ (i), λ (i-2) are the wavelength of previous i point and rear one (i-2) point.
According to slope, can obtain the tangential equation through this point:
r(i)＝K(i-1)*(λ(i)-λ(i-1))+ρ(i-1) (2)
In formula, the new reflectance value of r (i) after for the denoising of i point, λ (i-1), ρ (i-1) they are wavelength and the reflectance value of (i-1) point.
If the value of this intersection point is less than reflectivity, that is: r (i) < ρ (i), gets this point for true Curves is through a some r (i), that is: ρ ' (i)=r (i).Otherwise if the value of this intersection point is greater than reflectivity, that is: r (i) > ρ (i), gets reflectivity ρ (i) for the point of noiseless Curves process.
In accompanying drawing 2, described the result after noise remove, unsmoothed curve is above the curve of spectrum before denoising, and smooth curve is below the curve of spectrum after noise remove, can see that the curve after noise is inhibited seems more level and smooth.
Step (2) rock ore deposit surface reflectivity normalization.
The rock ore deposit of field exploration is often subject to the impact of the factors such as Intensity of the sunlight difference, external environment, rock surface color characteristic and physical weathering, these factors can cause the variation of rock reflectivity size, but band position, width, the absorption degree of depth and form are generally more stable.Therefore, must unify the criterion of reflectivity size, be conducive to like this to carry out absorption peak position according to the parameter that absorbs the curves of spectrum such as the degree of depth and choose, also be conducive to and the comparison of standard spectrum curve.
Rock ore deposit surface reflectivity normalization formula is as follows:
ρ'(i)＝ρ(i)-ρ
min(i)/ρ
max(i)-ρ
min(i) (3)
In formula (3), ρ ' is (i) the new reflectance value after normalization calculating, ρ
min(i), ρ
max(i) be respectively minimum value and the maximal value of reflectivity.
Choosing of step (3) Equations of The Second Kind unique point
Absorption and reflectance signature point are always positioned at the flex point of the smooth curve of the curve of spectrum, adjacent two places that straight-line segment slope takes a turn for the worse namely, the slope that need calculate successively each two straight-line segment in flex point front and back, if both products are negative value, is Equations of The Second Kind unique point;
K
left(i)＝ρ(i)-ρ(i-1)/λ(i)-λ(i-1) (4)
In formula (4), K
left(i) be the slope of i wave band point left side straight line, ρ (i), ρ (i-1) are respectively i and reflectivity (i-1).λ (i), λ (i-1) are respectively i and (i-1) put wave band value.
K
right(i)＝ρ(i+1)-ρ(i)/λ(i+1)-λ(i) (5)
In formula (5), K
right(i) be the slope of i wave band point the right straight line, ρ (i), ρ (i+1) are respectively i and reflectivity (i+1).λ (i), λ (i+1) are respectively i and (i+1) put wave band value.
If K
left (i) * K
right(i) < 0, and this point is Equations of The Second Kind unique point.So to reflection spot or absorption point, need to judge according to the positive and negative of these two rate of curve.If K
left(i) < 0, and K
right(i) > 0, and this point is absorption point, if K
left(i) > 0, and K
right(i) < 0, and this point is reflection spot.
Step (4) is calculated curve of spectrum feature
Spectral absorption characteristics can represent with a series of pattern parameters of the wave, as absorption bands wavelength location (λ), spectral absorption index (SAI), absorb width (W), symmetry (d), absorption area (A) and the number (n) that absorbs etc., the information of composition in reflection rock ore deposit that can be quantitative from these parameters.The position that the present invention extracts curve of spectrum absorption peak according to spectral absorption index (SAI).
As shown in Figure 3, the spectral absorption characteristics of arbitrary curve of spectrum all can be comprised of two shoulder S1 and the S2 of spectral absorption valley point M and spectral absorption, and the line of S1 and S2 is called " non-absorption baseline.Wherein, Sl, S2, M can be respectively wave bands, can be also the linear combination of several wave bands.The distance that absorbs " the non-absorption baseline " of valley point M and two point of shoulder compositions in Fig. 3 can be characterized by the spectral absorption degree of depth (H).Spectral absorption index (SAI) puts forward on this basis, and it is the quantitative response of the spectral absorption degree of depth (H).Order:
ρ
s1, λ
s1for absorbing reflectivity and the wavelength location of left point of shoulder Sl;
ρ
m, λ
mreflectivity and wavelength location for absorption point M;
ρ
s2, λ
s2for absorbing reflectivity and the wavelength location of right point of shoulder S2;
The dotted line of S1-S2 is non-absorption baseline;
Like this, absorbing shoulder wavelength difference is the wide d=λ of absorption bands
s2-λ
m/ ω;
Absorb symmetry parameter d=λ
s2-λ
m/ ω;
Absorbing point of shoulder reflection differences is Δ ρ
s=ρ
s2-ρ
s1;
Non-absorption baseline in reality is curve, and we directly regard straight-line segment as it for computation easy and process, and spectral absorption index (SAI) can be expressed as:
SAI＝dρ
S1+(1-d)ρ
S2/ρ
M(6)
Step (5) curve of spectrum absorption peak positional information is extracted
According to spectral absorption index, the information such as difference of adjacent band reflectivity, arrange different threshold values, extract the positional information of mineral spectra curve Absorption Characteristics absorption peak, and then obtain the range of drift of the tested district of mineral environmental impact characteristic absorption peak.For example: smectites chemical formula is [l/2 (Ca, Na)
0.76(AI, Mg, Fe)
4-6(Si, AlO
20) (OH)
4.nH
2o], octahedral position may comprise Al, Fe or Mg.In addition, Al may replace the Si in tetrahedral layer, and the absorption spectra of these class mineral is positioned at 1408nm, 1899nm and 2205nm place.The shoulder of reflectance spectrum, respectively at 1455nm, 1940nm and 2232nm place.The characteristic absorption of smectite shifts to long wave direction, at 2229nm, forms absorption spectra, is the result of rich Fe and Mg; To short wavelength's direction, shifting, at 2199nm, form absorption spectra, is the result of rich Al.
Utilize said method to calculate the curve of spectrum that has Al-OH Absorption Characteristics of choosing from USGS and PJL standard mineral library of spectra, the SAI of two shoulders in left and right is approximately 0.08 and 0.15.By the spectral absorption index SAI that absorbs left point of shoulder Sl, absorbs right point of shoulder S2 is set, be respectively 0.08 and 0.15, obtained the experimental result of Fig. 4 reaction.Wherein, curve be original spectrum curve, the broken line that broken line connects into for point after information extraction, "+" is curve of spectrum absorption peak position information.The blended absorbent feature (sericite 2204nm, chlorite 2272nm, kalzit 2345nm) of the mineral such as the reflection of wavelength 2000-2500nm region chlorite, sericite and kalzit; Sericite Absorption Characteristics bands of a spectrum appear near 2204nm-2220nm, and chlorite absorption peak appears near 2354nm.By the analysis of sample spectra curve in Dui Gaice district, Al-OH Absorption Characteristics is between 2199nm-2212nm.
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments the present invention is explained in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, in the ken possessing those of ordinary skills, can also under the prerequisite that does not depart from aim of the present invention, makes various variations.The content not being described in detail in the present invention all can adopt prior art.
Claims (6)
1. a Mineral and rock spectral signatures characteristic absorption peak location recognition method, is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
The noise suppression preprocessing of step (1) curve of spectrum;
Step (2) rock ore deposit surface reflectivity normalization;
Choosing of step (3) Equations of The Second Kind unique point;
Step (4) is calculated curve of spectrum feature;
Step (5) curve of spectrum absorption peak positional information is extracted.
2. a kind of Mineral and rock spectral signatures characteristic absorption peak location recognition method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
The discrete wave band point of the curve of spectrum, does tangent line in the position of previous point, calculates this tangent slope K (i-1)=ρ (i)-ρ (i-2)/λ (i)-λ (i-2);
According to slope, can obtain tangential equation r (i)=K (i-1) * λ (the i)+b through this point;
If the value of this intersection point is less than reflectivity, that is: r (i) < ρ (i), gets this point for true Curves is through a some r (i), that is: ρ ' (i)=r (i).Otherwise if the value of this intersection point is greater than reflectivity, that is: r (i) > ρ (i), gets reflectivity ρ (i) for the point of noiseless Curves process.
3. a kind of Mineral and rock spectral signatures characteristic absorption peak location recognition method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the rock ore deposit surface reflectivity normalization formula in described step (2) is as follows:
ρ'(i)＝ρ(i)-ρ
min(i)/ρ
max(i)-ρ
min(i)。
4. a kind of Mineral and rock spectral signatures characteristic absorption peak location recognition method of stating according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described step specifically comprises the following steps in (3):
The slope of two straight-line segments before and after the flex point of the smooth curve of the calculating curve of spectrum, the slope K of straight-line segment before flex point
left(i)=ρ
m(i)-ρ
s1(i-1)/λ (i)-λ (i-1), the slope K of front straight-line segment after flex point
right(i)=ρ (i+1)-ρ (i)/λ (i+1)-λ (i);
If K
left(i) * K
right(i) <
0, this point is Equations of The Second Kind unique point.
5. a kind of Mineral and rock spectral signatures characteristic absorption peak location recognition method of stating according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described step (4) specifically comprises the following steps: the curve of spectrum is characterized as spectral absorption index SAI, first calculate spectral absorption index SAI=d ρ
s1+ (1-d) ρ
s2/ ρ
m.
6. a kind of Mineral and rock spectral signatures characteristic absorption peak location recognition method of stating according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps that described step (5) is extracted curve of spectrum absorption peak positional information comprise: according to the difference of spectral absorption exponential sum adjacent band reflectivity, different threshold values is set, extracts the positional information of mineral spectra curve Absorption Characteristics absorption peak.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN105528580A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-27 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Hyperspectral curve matching method based on absorption peak characteristic |
| CN106872393A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-20 | 北京国科虹谱光电技术有限公司 | Target materials recognition methods and device in a kind of plastic refuse |
| CN107179310A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-19 | 温州大学 | Raman spectrum characteristic peak recognition methods based on robust noise variance evaluation |
| CN109856110A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-07 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | A kind of identification method of ulrichile |
| CN112240875A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-01-19 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Carbonatite lithology identification method and device based on ASD spectrum |
| CN112903607A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-04 | 谢跃红 | Underground geological exploration method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113075136A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-06 | 应急管理部化学品登记中心 | Device and method for identifying sulfur-containing substances in fire comburent |
| CN113670832A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-19 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Reference gas chamber gas absorption peak profile center retrieval method |
| CN114371138A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-19 | 中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心 | Hyperspectral remote sensing spectral characteristic absorption position determining method and system |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105528580A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-27 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Hyperspectral curve matching method based on absorption peak characteristic |
| CN106872393A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-20 | 北京国科虹谱光电技术有限公司 | Target materials recognition methods and device in a kind of plastic refuse |
| CN106872393B (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2019-08-06 | 北京国科虹谱光电技术有限公司 | Target materials recognition methods and device in a kind of plastic refuse |
| CN107179310A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-19 | 温州大学 | Raman spectrum characteristic peak recognition methods based on robust noise variance evaluation |
| CN109856110A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-07 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | A kind of identification method of ulrichile |
| CN112240875B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2023-11-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Carbonate lithology recognition method and device based on ASD spectrum |
| CN112240875A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-01-19 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Carbonatite lithology identification method and device based on ASD spectrum |
| CN113075136A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-06 | 应急管理部化学品登记中心 | Device and method for identifying sulfur-containing substances in fire comburent |
| CN112903607A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-04 | 谢跃红 | Underground geological exploration method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113670832B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-08-29 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Method for searching profile center of gas absorption peak of reference gas chamber |
| CN113670832A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-19 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Reference gas chamber gas absorption peak profile center retrieval method |
| CN114371138A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-19 | 中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心 | Hyperspectral remote sensing spectral characteristic absorption position determining method and system |
| CN114371138B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2024-04-12 | 中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心 | Hyperspectral remote sensing spectral characteristic absorption position determining method and hyperspectral remote sensing spectral characteristic absorption position determining system |
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Application publication date: 20140813 |