CN103981350A - Induction heating heat-treating method of car VGR (variable rack ratio) rack bar - Google Patents
Induction heating heat-treating method of car VGR (variable rack ratio) rack bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN103981350A CN103981350A CN201310504551.7A CN201310504551A CN103981350A CN 103981350 A CN103981350 A CN 103981350A CN 201310504551 A CN201310504551 A CN 201310504551A CN 103981350 A CN103981350 A CN 103981350A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/42—Induction heating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an induction heating heat-treating method of a car VGR (Variable Rack Ratio) rack bar. The method is capable of easily and conveniently performing tempering for improving durability while satisfying the mechanical properties required by the car VGR rack bar. The method comprises: a) a high-frequency treating step, in which a high-frequency induction heating device with a frequency of less than 10kHz is used for induction heating heat-treating, the VGR rack bar is disposed in an internal through hole of an induction coil and is moved up and down during the induction heating heat-treating, and a water sprayer connected to a water cooling device is disposed at the lower part of the induction coil and carries out water cooling simultaneously; and b) a high-frequency tempering step, which is performed by using the same high-frequency heating device after the high-frequency treating step, and which is performed with the VGR rack bar moving up and down under the condictions that the water cooling is not carried out and the output of the high-frequency heating device is lower than that of the high-frequency heating device in the high-frequency treating step.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vehicle variable rack than (VGR, Variable rack ratio) induction heating treatment method of ratch (RACK BAR), more particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of vehicle VGR ratch induction heating treatment method of the tempering operation that can also improve easily weather resistance in meeting the desired mechanical properties of vehicle VGR ratch.
Background technology
Vehicle ratch is that the straight-line part of tooth bar (RACK) is changed and passed on into rotatablely moving of a kind of piston that steering wheel for vehicle can be ordered about, not only can improve combustion by weight lightness and compare and realize vehicle lightness, can also change the be improved sense that turns to of bearing circle of gear ratio according to angle of turning.
Variable rack is a kind of device that changes wheel (Steering Wheel) reversed stress when low speed, scorch, the parking than ratch, and its gear interval is irregular, and steering wheel rotation just can indiscriminately ad. as one wishes change direction a little in change track or while stopping.
Fig. 1 is the photo of VGR ratch.As shown in Figure 1, VGR ratch is made up of round bar part and the tooth portion of round tube type, and the space of teeth of tooth portion forms to relative narrower in the relatively wide both sides of middle body.This is in order to obtain different wheel reversed stresies when low speed, scorch, the parking.Pole length is different along with product.The thermal treatment of ratch refers to the thermal treatment for tooth portion.
The general heat treating method of existing ratch is, utilizes high-frequency induction heating apparatus to carry out after high frequency heat processing, the ratch after thermal treatment moved on to process furnace in addition and maintain and 2 hours Di carry out tempering at 240 degree.
Ratio-frequency heating (or title " the high-frequency induction heating ") mode of taking when heating of metal is, have the METAL HEATING PROCESS in the coil of interchange (high frequency) current flowing relying on electromagnetic induction effect, the electrical conductor of metal and so on is because the resistant function of eddy current losses and magnetic hysteresis loss produces heat.Utilize the heat so generating that the process of heated (metal or electrical conductor) material heating is called to induction heating, while utilizing high-frequency current, be called high-frequency induction heating.
The general heat treating method of existing ratch uses high-frequency induction heating apparatus, conventionally uses high frequency more than 150kHz to heat-treat.Although can obtain higher surface hardness (HV700) while using relatively high high frequency more than 150kHz, but cannot obtain needed hardening depth due to hardening depth thinner (0.7mm), therefore can only be in the upper end of tooth (, peak portion) local hardening and tooth occurs occur the problems such as be full of cracks.
And prior art is being carried out after high-frequency induction heating, at electrical heater, the heat treated ratch of process induction heating is carried out to tempering in addition.Tempering (tempering) is the operation in order to carry out give weather resistance from ferrite (ferrite)+perlite (pearlite) structural transformation (metamorphosis) to the ratch of martensite (martensite) tissue after high frequency heat is processed.Martensitic stucture is a kind of stone tissue and other object that contacts ratch cannot be born, and because it is stone and may split (crack), therefore for the hardness of this tissue of slight reduction, to eliminate be full of cracks dangerous and improve the weather resistance of overall ratch and carry out tempering.Existing tempering process packs " electrical heater " into after the ratch of 50 left and right of tempering tool loading, and this electrical heater is the tempering stove as tempering tool.The Temperature Setting of process furnace is 240 degree and holds time and be set as carrying out tempering process after 2 hours.After tempering, take out this product and carry out air cooling.
The tempering process of aforementioned process furnace mode carries out tempering after product need to being moved to process furnace, and the secondary that is therefore easy to occur product appearance impression, scratch and so on is bad.And also there is tempering color because the second-heating in process furnace makes high frequency heat handling part with other parts in addition in the tempering process of process furnace mode." tempering color (temper color) " refers to because the hot gas of 240 degree causes other parts (round bar part) beyond high frequency heat handling part the phenomenon of colour-change also occurs, and it belongs to the disadvantage of the tempering process of process furnace mode.
Summary of the invention
[technical problem of solution]
The present invention is intended to address the above problem, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of vehicle variable rack than the induction heating treatment method of ratch, in meeting the desired mechanical properties of vehicle VGR ratch, also can there is not outward appearance impression phenomenon or the scratch based on tempering process, can not carry out the heat treated round bar part appearance of high frequency " tempering color " yet.
Object of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned purpose, and other object of the present invention who does not mention above can clearly be explained from aftermentioned explanation.
[technical scheme of dealing with problems]
To achieve these goals, vehicle of the present invention comprises the following steps: a) high frequency heat treatment step with VGR ratch induction heating treatment method, utilize the high-frequency induction heating apparatus below frequency 10kHz to carry out induction heating thermal treatment, allow VGR ratch be positioned at the interior bone of telefault, allow above-mentioned VGR ratch move up and down while carry out the heat treated while of induction heating, the water spray that is connected to water cooling plant is deployed in the bottom of above-mentioned telefault and carried out water-cooled simultaneously; And b) high frequency tempering step, after above-mentioned heat treatment step, utilize same high-frequency induction heating apparatus to carry out, do not carrying out under the state of water-cooled, under the state in the output of above-mentioned high-frequency induction heating apparatus lower than the output in above-mentioned heat treatment step, allowing above-mentioned VGR ratch carry out up or down.
Preferably, above-mentioned high frequency heat treatment step and in above-mentioned high frequency tempering step, above-mentioned VGR ratch moves up and down under non-rotating state.
Preferably, the interior bone of above-mentioned telefault has triangular shaped or semi-circular shape.
Preferably, in above-mentioned high frequency heat treatment step, the output of above-mentioned high-frequency induction heating apparatus reduces to middle portion gradually from the upper end of the tooth of VGR ratch, from middle portion to bottom, increase gradually, the lowering speed of above-mentioned VGR ratch increases to middle portion gradually from the upper end of the tooth of VGR ratch, from middle portion to bottom, reduces gradually.
Preferably, in above-mentioned high frequency tempering step, the lowering speed of above-mentioned VGR ratch increases to middle portion gradually from the upper end of the tooth of VGR ratch, from middle portion to bottom, reduces gradually.
[beneficial effect]
As previously mentioned, the present invention is in meeting desired all mechanical properties of vehicle VGR ratch, also, because carry out tempering process and do not need to prepare in addition electrical heater equipment at same high-frequency induction heating apparatus, can also eliminate outward appearance impression phenomenon or scratch that prior art occurs in the process that moves on to process furnace.Meanwhile, in VGR ratch, not carrying out the heat treated round bar part of high frequency there will not be " tempering color " and is guaranteed excellent quality product.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of VGR ratch.
Fig. 2 is the schema of the vehicle VGR ratch induction heating treatment method of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view that carries out the vehicle VGR ratch of the vehicle VGR ratch induction heating treatment method of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the heat treated schematic diagram that carries out process of vehicle VGR ratch induction heating that shows preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of another embodiment of the vehicle VGR ratch induction heating treatment method medium-high frequency telefault of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The explanation > of the main pictorial symbolization of <
10:VGR ratch
12: round bar part
14: tooth portion
20: telefault
22: interior bone
30: water spray portion
32: water-supply pipe
Embodiment
Describe vehicle of the present invention variable rack in detail than the induction heating treatment method of ratch below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 2 is the schema of the vehicle VGR ratch induction heating treatment method of preferred embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is the sectional view that carries out the vehicle VGR ratch of the vehicle VGR ratch induction heating treatment method of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, vehicle of the present invention utilizes the high-frequency induction heating apparatus of frequency relatively low (9kHz) to carry out a) after high frequency heat treatment step with VGR ratch induction heating treatment method, carries out tempering (tempering) in b) step in same high-frequency induction heating apparatus under the output lower than above-mentioned high frequency heat treatment step.
High-frequency induction heating apparatus is according to output frequency and decision table surface hardness and hardening depth.The present invention uses induction heating device in order to meet the desired physics value of vehicle VGR ratch, and this induction heating device utilizes the low frequency below 10kHz.Although the thermal treatment surface hardness of carrying out at frequency 10kHz relatively low (HV600 left and right), can obtain darker hardening depth (about 4.5mm).The present invention uses the reason of the induction heating device with the relatively low following output frequency of 10kHz to be, the bottom surfaces of (tooth paddy) at the bottom of allowing hardening depth reach tooth because the tooth depth of ratch is approximately 2.2mm.
Illustrate the ratch of VGR shown in Fig. 1 below and carry out the heat treated situation of high-frequency induction heating.Fig. 4 is the heat treated schematic diagram that carries out process of vehicle VGR ratch induction heating that shows preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 4, VGR ratch is stood vertically and upside is fixed, then move down and carry out high frequency heat processing along both sides guiding element (guide).VGR ratch 10 is inserted into the interior bone 22 of the telefault 20 being connected with high-frequency induction device and declines and carry out high-frequency induction heating thermal treatment along interior bone 22.As shown in the figure, the water spray portion 30 that is connected to water cooling plant be placed in telefault 20 bottom and in the heat treated water-cooled of carrying out of induction heating simultaneously.Be ejected into by VGR ratch 10 surfaces of high-frequency induction heating by water spray portion 30 from outside by the water of water-supply pipe (32) supply.This is in order to allow the tissue of VGR ratch from ferrite+pearlite transformation to martensitic stucture by cooling rapidly mode.
High-frequency induction heating thermal treatment of the present invention is only heat-treated for tooth portion 12 parts of VGR ratch.Heat treatment section is distinguished into 3 parts such as upper end, pars intermedia, bottom and changes the output of lowering speed and high-frequency induction heating apparatus while carry out high-frequency induction heating thermal treatment.
Upper end is that high frequency heat is processed the part starting, and the heating properties of telefault is lower than pars intermedia.And even if the heating properties of high-frequency inductor coil improves by continuous operation, because device starts output, will to allow VGR ratch change immediately the degree of depth more shallow.Therefore, set for device output relatively high (on) and lowering speed relatively low (under) carry out high-frequency induction heating thermal treatment.The output of embodiments of the invention (high-frequency induction heating apparatus of 9kHz) handle assembly is set as 6.3 and lowering speed is set as to 7.0.
Then, pars intermedia is that the heating properties of high-frequency inductor coil reaches peaked state, therefore along with VGR ratch declines and make this section be carried out preferably high frequency heat processing.Therefore compared with upper end, set for device output relatively low (in) and lowering speed relatively high (on) carry out high-frequency induction heating thermal treatment.The output of embodiments of the invention (high-frequency induction heating apparatus of 9kHz) handle assembly is set as 6.0 and lowering speed is set as to 9.0.
Finally, if the output of high-frequency induction heating apparatus is interrupted in bottom, may make hardening depth more shallow.Therefore again make into the output of upper end same degree and lowering speed to maintain hardening depth.That the device output of bottom is set for is relatively high (on) lowering speed set for relatively low (under) carry out.The output of embodiments of the invention (high-frequency induction heating apparatus of 9kHz) handle assembly is set as 6.3 and lowering speed is set as to 7.0.
As previously mentioned, the present invention changes the output of lowering speed and high-frequency induction heating apparatus while carries out the high-frequency induction heating thermal treatment of VGR ratch, thereby is maintained certain hardening depth.
The present invention utilizes same equipment to carry out tempering process after high-frequency induction heating.The tempering process that utilizes high-frequency induction heating apparatus in the present invention be also for for by high frequency heat place the VGR ratch from ferrite+pearlite transformation to martensitic stucture give weather resistance, there is be full of cracks or break and carry out in this in order to prevent VGR ratch.While carrying out tempering process, under the lower output state lower than the previously induction heating device output of high-frequency induction heating heat treatment step, carry out temperature when this represents tempering temperature lower than high-frequency induction heating.In the high-frequency induction heating apparatus of frequency 9kHz, induction heating heat treatment step has the output state of about 5～8 left and right, but maintain when high frequency tempering 2～3 output state lower than it (under).
As previously mentioned, the high frequency tempering process that utilizes high-frequency induction heating apparatus in the present invention is not carry out tempering and just the tooth portion 12 of the heat treated VGR ratch of process high frequency carried out for overall VGR ratch, only that is to say thermal treatment portion is carried out to tempering, therefore can there is not tempering color completely in the part beyond high frequency heat handling part, also the equipment that does not need to prepare in addition electrical heater and so on, the secondary of the impression occurring more can not be moved time, scratch and so on is bad.
Do not carry out artificial cooling by water at high frequency tempering process.Previously the heat treated object of high frequency was by spraying tissue that water coolant the realizes VGR ratch tissue metamorphosis's (tissue variation) from ferrite+pearlite transformation to martensitic stucture, the object of high frequency tempering is not spray water coolant and by organizing martensite to apply secondary heat so that must eliminate the internal stress in existing martensite by this heat through abnormal, thereby reduces surface hardness and improve weather resistance.
Preferably, high frequency tempering process be also divided into 3 parts such as upper end, pars intermedia, bottom the same as previous high frequency heat treatment step change afterwards lowering speed while carry out high frequency tempering.Output while processing lower than high frequency heat due to the output of high-frequency induction heating apparatus, therefore can only change lowering speed and carry out tempering process.But needn't be defined in this, can as previous high frequency heat treatment step, change lowering speed and output and carry out tempering process, this is certain.
On the other hand, in high frequency heat treatment step and high frequency tempering step, VGR ratch 10 declines along interior bone 22 be inserted into the interior bone 22 of telefault 20 under non-rotating state after.Because VGR ratch declines under non-rotating state, therefore allow the interior bone shape of telefault not form circle in order to allow the hardening depth of thermal treatment portion (being tooth portion) of VGR ratch remain certain and as Fig. 4 and form semi-circular shape or triangular shape with the end face shape corresponding to VGR ratch as shown in Figure 5.That is the interior bone 22 of telefault 20 has semi-circular shape in Fig. 4, in Fig. 5, interior bone 22 shapes of telefault 20 have triangular shaped.
After high frequency tempering, complete the thermal treatment of VGR ratch by air cooling.
Table 1 is the desired physics value of VGR ratch.
[table 1]
[embodiment]
The HF induction heating apparatus of buying 150kW × 9kHz, according to utilizing HF induction heating apparatus to carry out high frequency heat processing after the fixing VGR ratch of mode shown in Fig. 4.First, high frequency heat treatment step is set as 6.3 and lowering speed is set as 7.0 in upper end output, at pars intermedia, output is set as to 6.0 and lowering speed is set as to 9.0, in bottom, output is set as to 6.3 and lowering speed is set as to 7.0, then carries out high-frequency induction heating thermal treatment.Now, VGR ratch declines under non-rotating state, and high-frequency induction heating is heat treated also carries out water-cooled by water-cooled feeding mechanism simultaneously simultaneously carrying out.
After high-frequency induction heating thermal treatment, in same high-frequency induction heating apparatus, under the state of water-cooled feeding mechanism that do not turn round, allow VGR ratch under non-rotating state, decline and carry out high frequency tempering.The output of high-frequency induction heating apparatus maintains 2.3, and lowering speed processes with previous high frequency heat that the same upper end is set as 7.0, pars intermedia is set as 9.0, bottom is set as carrying out after lowering speed 7.0.After high frequency tempering, utilize air cooling to be dried.
Measure physics value for the VGR ratch that thermal treatment is complete.Utilize Rockwell hardometer surface measurements hardness, hardening depth is utilizing micro Vickers (micro vickers) to measure after vertical VGR ratch cut-out, and organizing of thermal treatment portion utilizes metalloscope measurement whether to be transformed into martensitic stucture.Tooth degree of deformation utilizes tooth deformeter to measure, and chaps and otherwise utilizes magnetic fault detector to measure.
Table 2 is measuring results.
[table 2]
| Project | Measuring result |
| Surface hardness | HRC55 |
| Hardening depth | 3.4mm(is as the criterion with tooth peak), 1.2mm(is as the criterion at the bottom of with tooth) |
| Tissue | Martensitic stucture |
| Tooth degree of deformation | Nothing |
| Be full of cracks | Nothing |
Learnt by table 2, utilize the VGR ratch of heat treating method of the present invention to possess excellent quality and meet desired all physics values.
For example understand technological thought of the present invention above, but in technological thought category of the present invention, can occur various distortion and amendment, this is very obvious to those skilled in the art.Therefore, the embodiment of this specification sheets is only for explanation and can not limit technological thought of the present invention, and the real interest field of the present invention should determine according to appended claims, and technological thought in its equivalence range also should be included in interest field of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a VGR ratch induction heating treatment method for vehicle, is characterized in that,
Comprise the following steps:
A) high frequency heat treatment step, utilize the high-frequency induction heating apparatus below frequency 10kHz to carry out induction heating thermal treatment, allow VGR ratch be positioned at the interior bone of telefault, allow above-mentioned VGR ratch move up and down while carry out the heat treated while of induction heating, the water spray that is connected to water cooling plant is deployed in the bottom of above-mentioned telefault and carried out water-cooled simultaneously;
B) high frequency tempering step, after above-mentioned heat treatment step, utilize same high-frequency induction heating apparatus to carry out, do not carrying out under the state of water-cooled, under the state in the output of above-mentioned high-frequency induction heating apparatus lower than the output in above-mentioned heat treatment step, allowing above-mentioned VGR ratch carry out up or down.
2. VGR ratch induction heating treatment method for vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
In above-mentioned high frequency heat treatment step and above-mentioned high frequency tempering step, above-mentioned VGR ratch moves up and down under non-rotating state.
3. VGR ratch induction heating treatment method for vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The interior bone of above-mentioned telefault has triangular shaped or semi-circular shape.
4. VGR ratch induction heating treatment method for vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
In above-mentioned high frequency heat treatment step,
With the heat treatment phase ratio of the both side ends of the tooth of VGR ratch, the thermal treatment of the tooth middle portion of VGR ratch is carried out under compared with state low and that lowering speed is higher in the output of above-mentioned high-frequency induction heating apparatus, and wherein both side ends is upper end and bottom.
5. VGR ratch induction heating treatment method for vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
In above-mentioned high frequency heat treatment step,
The output of above-mentioned high-frequency induction heating apparatus reduces to middle portion gradually from the upper end of the tooth of VGR ratch, from middle portion to bottom, increases gradually,
The lowering speed of above-mentioned VGR ratch increases to middle portion gradually from the upper end of the tooth of VGR ratch, from middle portion to bottom, reduces gradually.
6. VGR ratch induction heating treatment method for vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
In above-mentioned high frequency tempering step,
Compared with the tempering of the both side ends of the tooth of VGR ratch, the tempering of the tooth middle portion of VGR ratch is carried out under the higher state of lowering speed, and wherein both side ends is upper end and bottom.
7. VGR ratch induction heating treatment method for vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
In above-mentioned high frequency tempering step,
The lowering speed of above-mentioned VGR ratch increases to middle portion gradually from the upper end of the tooth of VGR ratch, from middle portion to bottom, reduces gradually.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020130014337A KR101409002B1 (en) | 2013-02-08 | 2013-02-08 | Heat treatment method of the VGR rack bar for vehicle |
| KR10-2013-0014337 | 2013-02-08 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103981350A true CN103981350A (en) | 2014-08-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310504551.7A Pending CN103981350A (en) | 2013-02-08 | 2013-10-23 | Induction heating heat-treating method of car VGR (variable rack ratio) rack bar |
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| Country | Link |
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| KR (1) | KR101409002B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103981350A (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040007801A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-15 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of heat-treating a rack bar and the same |
| JP2004315851A (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-11-11 | Denki Kogyo Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for induction hardening of rack bar |
| CN1718773A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2006-01-11 | 张鹏吉 | Manufacturing technology of ultra high strength oil pumping rod |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2599853Y2 (en) | 1993-12-09 | 1999-09-20 | 富士電子工業株式会社 | High frequency heating coil |
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2013
- 2013-02-08 KR KR1020130014337A patent/KR101409002B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-10-23 CN CN201310504551.7A patent/CN103981350A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040007801A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-15 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of heat-treating a rack bar and the same |
| JP2004315851A (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-11-11 | Denki Kogyo Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for induction hardening of rack bar |
| CN1718773A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2006-01-11 | 张鹏吉 | Manufacturing technology of ultra high strength oil pumping rod |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李雪芳: "《机械制造基础》", 28 February 2007, 西南交通大学出版社 * |
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| KR101409002B1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
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Application publication date: 20140813 |