CN103979493A - Vapor phase catalytic exchange system and process thereof - Google Patents
Vapor phase catalytic exchange system and process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103979493A CN103979493A CN201410173594.6A CN201410173594A CN103979493A CN 103979493 A CN103979493 A CN 103979493A CN 201410173594 A CN201410173594 A CN 201410173594A CN 103979493 A CN103979493 A CN 103979493A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a vapor phase catalytic exchange system and a process thereof, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear power, wherein the problems of complex process, low detritiation efficiency and high energy consumption of existing tritium-containing water detritiation devices are solved. The vapor phase catalytic exchange system comprises a raw material water storage tank, a first measurement pump, a steam boiler, a catalytic reaction exchange system, a hydrogen gas delivery system, a tritium-containing hydrogen gas drying and collection system, a condensation system, a detection device and a product water collection tank, wherein the raw material water storage tank, the first measurement pump and the steam boiler are sequentially connected. According to the present invention, characteristics of reasonable design, convenient operation, substantially increased tritium-containing water detritiation efficiency, and effective enrichment of hydrogen isotope are provided, and advantages of low energy consumption and high tritium-containing water purification efficiency are provided, such that the system and the process are suitable for promotion and application in the field of nuclear power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of system, what be specifically related to is a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange column and technique thereof.
Background technology
At present, no matter be the manufacture of Nuclear weapons or the operational process of fusion reactor, all can relate to the operation of a large amount of tritiums, wherein some is to exist with the form of tritiated water.In addition, in the operational process of a lot of commercializations or civilian nuclear power plant, also will produce a large amount of HTOs that contains, if this part tritium is not reclaimed, but directly discharge not only can be given environment, and caused loss economically.Therefore,, in tritium technique, what must be equipped with tritiated water removes tritiate device, to reclaim tritium, makes the discharge of water reach certain index.
It is at present published that what go containing HTO that tritiate technology adopts is that the mode of water vapour and hydrogen cocurrent flow exchanges, its device is made up of plural serial stage, every grade all need to be preheating to 200 DEG C by water vapour and hydrogen before reaction, then carry out catalyzed reaction, condensation again after question response, makes water vapour and Hydrogen Separation, repeated multiple times vaporization like this, preheating, reaction, condensation, separation, can make to go tritiate containing HTO, and this not only flow process loaded down with trivial details, go tritiate efficiency low, and energy consumption and cost too high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange column and technique thereof, mainly solve existing containing HTO go tritiate device exist flow process loaded down with trivial details, go the problem that tritiate efficiency is low and energy consumption is high.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange column, comprise the raw water water tank, the first volume pump and the steam boiler that connect successively, and catalyzed reaction exchange system, hydrogen transmission system, containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system, condenser system, proofing unit and product water collection box, wherein:
Described catalyzed reaction exchange system comprises the first cavity, water vapour heating unit, catalyst reaction section and the second cavity that connect successively from top to bottom; Described water vapour heating unit is connected with steam boiler air outlet by automatic valve; Described catalyst reaction section is solid hydrophilic catalyzer;
Described hydrogen transmission system comprises the hydrogen gas cylinder, reducing valve, gas mass flow control unit in parallel and the motor-mount pump that connect successively by pipeline; Described motor-mount pump is connected with catalyst reaction section lower end by pipeline;
The described molecular screener adsorbing system, gas compressor and the gas-holder that connect successively of comprising containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system; Described gas-holder is connected with hydrogen gas cylinder;
Described condenser system comprises cooling-water machine, the first condenser, the second condenser and the 3rd condenser that are connected with this cooling-water machine respectively, and the condensation water tank being connected with the 3rd condenser; Described the first condenser is connected with the first cavity and molecular screener adsorbing system respectively, and described the second condenser is connected with the second cavity and product water collection box respectively, and described the 3rd condenser is connected with molecular screener adsorbing system and gas-holder respectively;
Described proofing unit comprises the first dew point hygrometer being arranged between the first condenser and molecular screener adsorbing system, and is arranged on the second dew point hygrometer between molecular screener adsorbing system and gas compressor.
Further, the present invention also comprises the second valve on the pipeline being connected between gas mass flow control unit in parallel and motor-mount pump, the vacuum pump being connected with this second valve, and be connected to the vacuum gauge on the pipeline between the second valve and gas mass flow assembly in parallel.
Again further, described raw water water tank water-in is connected with the second volume pump, and this second volume pump is also connected with condensation water tank and product water collection box respectively.
Specifically, described water vapour heating unit comprises the outer cylinder body being connected with the first cavity and catalyst reaction section respectively, be arranged on the porous honeycomb heat storage of this outer cylinder body bosom position, and be arranged on outer cylinder body and all run through the first heating tube and second heating tube of porous honeycomb heat storage; Described the first heating tube is positioned at the second heating tube top, and the two is mutually vertical, in this first heating tube and the second heating tube, is also equipped with heating rod; Described steam boiler is connected on the side of outer cylinder body, and is positioned at the top of the first heating tube.
Specifically, described gas mass flow control unit in parallel comprises the first gas mass flow controller, the second gas mass flow controller and the 3rd gas mass flow controller that are connected in parallel between reducing valve and motor-mount pump.
Further, described molecular screener adsorbing system comprises and the tank connected gas recycle pump of gas storage, the 3rd dew point hygrometer and the gas heater being connected with this gas recycle pump respectively, and be connected in parallel on the first molecular sieve bed and the second molecular sieve bed between the first condenser and gas compressor; Described gas heater is connected with the first molecular sieve bed and the second molecular sieve bed respectively, and described the 3rd condenser is also connected with this first molecular sieve bed and the second molecular sieve bed respectively.
Based on said structure, the present invention also provides the technique of this vapor phase catalytic exchange column, comprises the following steps:
(1) open respectively vacuum pump and the second valve, to gas mass flow control unit in parallel, hydrogen gas cylinder, vacuumize containing the pipeline of hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system and the 3rd condenser, and detect in real time the pressure in its pipeline by vacuum gauge;
(2) when vacuum gauge display pipes internal pressure is during lower than 5Pa, close vacuum pump and the second valve;
(3) open the first volume pump, cooling-water machine, the first condenser and the second condenser, make to be transported in steam boiler and to heat by raw water water tank containing HTO, form water vapour;
(4) open automatic valve, make water vapour enter into water vapour heating unit, maintain its temperature by water vapour heating unit, and make it diffuse to the whole inside of catalyst reaction section; Meanwhile, open reducing valve and motor-mount pump, hydrogen, under motor-mount pump effect, is exported by hydrogen gas cylinder, and passes into from catalyst reaction section lower end, flow hydrogen gas direction and flow of water vapor opposite direction;
(5) hydrogen and water vapour trigger catalyzed reaction by hydrophilic catalyzer in catalyst reaction section, tritium is by containing HTO vapor transfer in hydrogen and along with hydrogen enters into water vapour heating unit together, the second condenser impels the water vapour liquefaction in the second cavity simultaneously, make to produce water vapor concentration between catalyst reaction section and the second cavity poor, in the second cavity, water vapor concentration is lower than water vapor concentration in catalyst reaction section, and in catalyst reaction section, water vapour is liquefied by the second condenser to the second cavity internal diffusion continuation;
(6) containing hydrogen tritide gas through catalyst reaction section successively by water vapour heating unit and the first cavity, and by the first condenser, the water vapour of carrying secretly containing hydrogen tritide gas is liquefied, and containing tritium Hydrogen Separation, preliminarily dried is containing hydrogen tritide gas; The water vapour being simultaneously liquefied in the second cavity enters into product water collection box by the second condenser and collects;
(7) start gas compressor, under gas compressor effect, enter into the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas and carry out redrying, form the dry hydrogen tritide gas that contains, then enter into gas-holder and store;
(8) circulation step (3)～(7).
Further, in described step (7), the every operation of system is after 30 minutes, observe respectively the data that the first dew point hygrometer and the second dew point hygrometer gather, whether identically contrast two dew point hygrometer data, be, stop entering the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas, and it is carried out to preheating regeneration, make to change to and in the second molecular sieve bed, carry out redrying containing hydrogen tritide gas simultaneously; No, continue keeping system operation.
Specifically, the preheating regenerative process of described the first molecular sieve bed is specific as follows:
(a) start gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, be pumped into gas heater and heat containing hydrogen tritide gas from gas compressor part out, form high temperature containing hydrogen tritide gas, then enter into the first molecular sieve bed;
(b) high temperature makes the moisture vaporization in the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas, form water vapour, then enter into the 3rd condenser together with containing hydrogen tritide gas and carry out separation, isolate continuing to be pumped into containing hydrogen tritide gas and being heated into high temperature in gas heater containing hydrogen tritide gas of water vapor, water vapour stores through entering into condensation water tank by the 3rd condenser after liquefaction simultaneously;
(c) circulation step (a) and (b), until the data of the 3rd dew point hygrometer are while spending lower than-90, close gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, isolate being back in gas-holder containing hydrogen tritide gas of water vapour, the first molecular sieve bed preheating regeneration is complete.
Again further, in described step (8), if the liquid level of raw water water tank, lower than 2cm, is opened the second volume pump, make the water in product water collection box and/or condensation water tank enter into raw water water tank.
Principle of design of the present invention is, it will be vaporized containing HTO, then by the poor mode of upper and lower ends water vapor concentration guide in catalyst reaction section containing HTO flow of vapor, make to form rightabout flowing containing HTO steam and the hydrogen entering from catalyst reaction section bottom, realize the adverse current containing HTO and hydrogen, then in conjunction with the know-why of vapor phase catalytic exchange, and improve the Catalysis exchange efficiency containing HTO steam and hydrogen by hydrophilic catalyzer, thereby realize the tritiate of going containing HTO, purified containing HTO.The present invention only needs to vaporize completely once containing HTO, then with hydrogen reaction, makes tritium by containing HTO vapor transfer in hydrogen, realizes containing tritium water purification.After reaction, also only need a condensation, the water after purifying can be reclaimed, simultaneously, contain hydrogen tritide gas after molecular sieve bed adsorbs moisture wherein, form dryly containing hydrogen tritide gas, then collected by gas-holder, and from being pumped into after raw water water tank by the second volume pump containing the liquid water with a small amount of tritium of separating hydrogen tritide gas, once more go the flow process of tritiate, so iterative cycles, realizes containing HTO and purifying to the full extent, and reclaim tritium as much as possible.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention combines multiple technologies principle with practical structures, make its had advantages of design ingenious, rational in infrastructure, clear process understand, easy to operate.
(2) the present invention adopts water vapour and hydrogen adverse current to go the mode of tritiate, replace traditional water vapour and hydrogen with diffluence tritiate mode, the present invention only needs will be containing once vaporization of HTO, preheating and catalyzed reaction, can be by tritium by transferring in hydrogen containing in HTO steam, then condensation liquefaction reclaims, realize containing tritium water purification, the present invention can reach more than 90% containing the purification rate of HTO; And the hydrogen that contains tritium is after super-dry, carry out redrying by same molecular screener adsorbing system, then reclaim, realize the enrichment of hydrogen isotope.The present invention has significantly simplified the flow process of going tritiate containing HTO, improved the efficiency of catalytic exchange, and realized the enrichment of hydrogen isotope, two processes are carried out simultaneously, non-interference, therefore, it has not only improved the efficiency of going tritiate, and has saved energy consumption and cost, test shows, compared to existing technology, its energy consumption has at least been saved more than 50% in the present invention, and the tritiate efficiency of going containing HTO has been reached more than 90%.
(3) the present invention is provided with vacuum pump, can, before system brings into operation, vacuumize processing to corresponding pipeline and equipment, thereby guarantee the safe operation of system, improves the stability of operation.
(4) the first heating tube and the second heating tube in water vapour heating unit of the present invention is equipped with heating rod, the first heating tube and the second heating tube utilize heating rod to provide heat to porous honeycomb heat storage, and by it to the moisture vapor transfer entering, ensure the temperature of water vapour in outer cylinder body; And the orthogonal set-up mode of the first heating tube and the second heating tube can play to porous honeycomb heat storage the effect of support on the one hand, also makes on the other hand porous honeycomb heat storage be heated evenly, make it can be well to moisture vapor transfer heat.
(5) the present invention adopts the gas mass flow controller of three groups of parallel connections accurately to control the charge flow rate of hydrogen, guarantees that it is in the acceptable limit of error of system all the time, thereby ensures hydrogen and normally carrying out containing HTO steam catalyticing exchanging reaction.
(6), when the present invention works, the first molecular sieve bed and the mutual alternate run of the second molecular sieve bed, be independent of each other, one of them is for adsorbing the water vapour containing hydrogen tritide gas, another carries out preheating regeneration simultaneously, thereby has guaranteed the uninterrupted operation of system, has significantly improved the working efficiency of system.
(7) the present invention is also provided with the second volume pump, for the current of product water collection box and/or condensation water tank being got back to supplementary its liquid level in raw water water tank, thereby guarantee on the one hand the hydraulic pressure of raw water water tank, system is normally worked, can again go tritiate processing to the water in product water collection box and/or condensation water tank on the other hand, thereby realize to the full extent the recovery containing tritium water purification and tritium.
(8) logic of the present invention is rigorous, and links closely interlocks, and not only practicality is quite strong for it, and stable and reliable operation, and therefore, it has market application foreground widely, is suitable for applying in nuclear power field.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of water vapour heating unit.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of water vapour heating unit.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention uses fundamental diagram when the first molecular sieve bed is dry contains hydrogen tritide gas.
Fig. 5 is that the present invention uses fundamental diagram when the second molecular sieve bed is dry contains hydrogen tritide gas.
Wherein, the component name that Reference numeral is corresponding is called:
1-raw water water tank, 2-the first volume pump, 3-steam boiler, 4-automatic valve, 5-cooling-water machine, 6-the first condenser, 7-the first cavity, 8-water vapour heating unit, 801-outer cylinder body, 802-the first heating tube, 803-the second heating tube, 9-catalyst reaction section, 10-the second cavity, 11-the second condenser, 12-product water collection box, 13-the first sampling valve, 14-motor-mount pump, 15-the first valve, 16-the first gas mass flow controller, 17-the second gas mass flow controller, 18-the 3rd gas mass flow controller, 19-vacuum gauge, 20-the second valve, 21-vacuum pump, 22-reducing valve, 23-hydrogen gas cylinder, 24-the 3rd valve, 25-the first dew point hygrometer, 26-the 4th valve, 27-the 5th valve, 28-the first molecular sieve bed, 29-the second molecular sieve bed, 30-the 6th valve, 31-the 7th valve, 32-gas heater, 33-gas recycle pump, 34-the 3rd dew point hygrometer, 35-the 3rd condenser, 36-condensation water tank, 37-the second sampling valve, 38-the second dew point hygrometer, 39-gas compressor, 40-gas-holder, 41-the 4th gas mass flow controller, 42-the 3rd sampling valve, 43-the 8th valve, 44-the 9th valve, 45-the second volume pump.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, and embodiments of the present invention include but not limited to the following example.
Embodiment
The present invention is mainly used in containing HTO and goes tritiate and realize hydrogen isotope enrichment aspect.As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes successively the raw water water tank 1, the first volume pump 2 and the steam boiler 3 that connect, and catalyzed reaction exchange system, hydrogen transmission system, containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system, condenser system, proofing unit, product water collection box 12, vacuum gauge 19 and vacuum pump 21.Described raw water water tank 1 is for splendid attire containing HTO, and it will be pumped into heating in steam boiler 3 containing HTO by the first volume pump 2, form water vapour.Described catalytic exchange column is for going tritiate containing HTO steam, and it comprises the first cavity 7, water vapour heating unit 8, catalyst reaction section 9 and the second cavity 10 that connect successively from top to bottom; Described water vapour heating unit 8 is connected with steam boiler 3 air outlets by automatic valve 4.Enter into water vapour heating unit 8 containing HTO steam via steam boiler 3, coordinate and process by this water vapour heating unit 8, catalyst reaction section 9, condenser system and hydrogen transmission system.
As shown in Figure 2,3, specifically, described water vapour heating unit 8 comprises the outer cylinder body 801 being connected with the first cavity 7 and catalyst reaction section 9 respectively, be arranged on the porous honeycomb heat storage of these outer cylinder body 801 bosom positions, and be arranged on outer cylinder body 801 and all run through the first heating tube 802 and second heating tube 803 of porous honeycomb heat storage.The first heating tube 802 is positioned at the second heating tube 803 tops, and the two is mutually vertical, can be used as the supporting structure of porous honeycomb heat storage, in this first heating tube 802 and the second heating tube 803, be also equipped with heating rod, the heat of its generation transmits by porous honeycomb heat storage, can make the steam temperature being entered by steam boiler 3 remain unchanged, for guaranteeing heat insulation effect, described the first heating tube 802 and the second heating tube 803 all arrange two, its arrangement mode as shown in Figure 2, and described outer cylinder body 801 outsides are coated with insulation covering, it can further ensure the temperature of water vapour, stablize the carrying out of itself and hydrogen catalyticing exchanging reaction, guarantee catalytic efficiency, the performance of whole system has been optimized in the design of insulation covering on the whole.And, in order to realize well function of the present invention, described the first cavity 7 inside are also filled with hydrophobic catalyst from bottom to top, the inner hydrophobic catalyst of filling of the first cavity 7 can increase vapour lock, prevent that water vapour from entering after outer cylinder body 801, the first cavity 7 to its top flows, thereby the catalyst reaction section 9 reducing downwards flows and the catalyzed reaction efficiency of reduction water vapour.
In addition, the present invention has also set up three temperature sensors and two pressure sensings, for monitoring in real time the temperature and pressure in catalytic exchange column, ensures the safety of system, and can be successfully to processing containing HTO steam.Specifically, a temperature sensor is arranged between steam boiler 3 and outer cylinder body 801, and for detection of containing HTO steam while entering outer cylinder body 801, whether its temperature meets the requirements; Two other temperature sensor and two pressure transmitters are that a temperature sensor and a pressure transmitter are arranged on the first cavity 7, another temperature sensor and pressure transmitter are arranged on the second cavity 10, whether are respectively used to detect the temperature and pressure that contains HTO steam and hydrogen in safety range.
Described condenser system comprises cooling-water machine 5, the first condenser 6, the second condenser 11 and the 3rd condenser 35 that are connected with this cooling-water machine 5 respectively, and the condensation water tank 36 being connected with the 3rd condenser 35; Described the first condenser 6 is connected with the first cavity 7, and described the second condenser 11 is connected with the second cavity 10 and product water collection box 12 respectively.Described catalyst reaction section 9 is passing into after hydrogen for realizing the tritium of Separation of Water steam, and it is solid hydrophilic catalyzer, and in the process of guaranteeing to separate, steam temperature does not reduce, and these catalyst reaction section 9 outsides are also coated with insulation covering.Cooling-water machine 5 is for providing cold water to three condensers, so that they carry out work, wherein, the first condenser 6 for give after catalyzed reaction containing hydrogen tritide gas (because tritium is the isotropic substance of hydrogen, therefore, the tritium being separated can together enter into the first condenser along with hydrogen) carry out preliminarily dried, the second 11 of condensers liquefy the water vapour of isolating after tritium in the second cavity 10, and are delivered in product water collection box 12 and collect.
Above-mentioned mentioned hydrogen is provided by hydrogen transmission system, and this hydrogen transmission system comprises the hydrogen gas cylinder 23, reducing valve 22, gas mass flow control unit in parallel and the motor-mount pump 14 that connect successively by pipeline; Described motor-mount pump 14 is connected with catalyst reaction section 9 lower ends by pipeline; In pipeline between motor-mount pump 14 and gas mass flow control unit in parallel, be provided with the first valve 15.After motor-mount pump 14 starts, hydrogen is exported from hydrogen gas cylinder 23, and reduces pressure, pumps into from catalyst reaction section 9 lower ends after gas mass flow control unit accurate flow adjustment in parallel through reducing valve 22.Reducing valve 22 and arranging of gas mass flow control unit in parallel can guarantee that the pressure of hydrogen and flow are all within the acceptable limit of error of system, the present invention is also provided with a pressure transmitter in the pipeline of flow hydrogen gas, for detection of the pressure of hydrogen after decompression.Described gas mass flow control unit in parallel comprises the first gas mass flow controller 16, the second gas mass flow controller 17 and the 3rd gas mass flow controller 18 that are connected in parallel between reducing valve 22 and motor-mount pump 14.On the pipeline of three groups of gas mass flow controllers, be equipped with valve, unlatching by valve or close, can realize one or two to three gas mass flow controller work, the flow of control and fine adjustment hydrogen flexibly, guarantees hydrogen and normally carrying out containing HTO steam catalyticing exchanging reaction.
The described hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system that contains contains hydrogen tritide gas for further dry, and collects.Go tritiate containing HTO steam, and when collecting product water water tank 12, be connected to the first condenser 6 and the 3rd valve 24 containing between hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system by unlatchings, make to contain hydrogen tritide gas and enter into containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system.Specifically, the described molecular screener adsorbing system, gas compressor 39 and the gas-holder 40 that connect successively of comprising containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system; Described gas-holder 40 is connected with the 3rd condenser 35 and hydrogen gas cylinder 23 respectively.
Containing in hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system, the work of carrying out redrying containing hydrogen tritide gas is completed by molecular screener adsorbing system, this molecular screener adsorbing system comprises the gas recycle pump 33 being connected with gas-holder 40, the 3rd dew point hygrometer 34 and the gas heater 32 that are connected with this gas recycle pump 33 respectively, and be connected in parallel on the first molecular sieve bed 28 and the second molecular sieve bed 29 between the first condenser 6 and gas compressor 39; In the pipeline of described the first molecular sieve bed 28 front and back, be respectively equipped with the 4th valve 26 and the 6th valve 30, in the pipeline of described the second molecular sieve bed 29 front and back, be respectively equipped with the 5th valve 27 and the 7th valve 31; Described gas heater 32 is connected with the first molecular sieve bed 28 and the second molecular sieve bed 29 respectively, and described the 3rd condenser 35 is also connected with this first molecular sieve bed 28 and the second molecular sieve bed 29 respectively.Molecular sieve bed can adsorb containing the moisture in hydrogen tritide gas, it is dried, but the first molecular sieve bed 28 and the second molecular sieve bed 29 are not simultaneously to carrying out redrying processing containing hydrogen tritide gas, but alternate run, in same time, a molecular sieve bed is for the treatment of containing hydrogen tritide gas, another molecular sieve bed utilizes hydrogen and carries out preheating regeneration containing hydrogen tritide gas, then wait until after certain hour, again the two is exchanged, change its working order, the present embodiment rear face branch describes the alternate run process of two molecular sieve beds.
After treatment dry containing hydrogen tritide gas by molecular screener adsorbing system, under gas compressor 39 effects, enter into gas-holder 40 and store.And molecular sieve bed preheating when regeneration by entering into together the 3rd condenser 35 liquefaction and separate containing water vapour meeting out of the hydrogen tritide band of gas with containing hydrogen tritide gas, the water that then liquefies is collected in condensation water tank 36, the hydrogen tritide gas that contains being dried enters into gas-holder 40.
Aforesaid device is for purifying containing HTO and collecting containing hydrogen tritide gas, described vacuum pump 21 is for starting in system to process containing before HTO, to gas mass flow control unit in parallel, hydrogen gas cylinder, vacuumize containing the pipeline of hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system and the 3rd condenser, its manifold pressure is met the requirements, guarantee the safety of system and stable, this vacuum pump 21 is connected with the second valve 20, when use, the second valve 20 and vacuum pump 21 are opened simultaneously, and the pressure in said system pipeline is by vacuum gauge 19 Real-Time Monitorings.
Described proofing unit be for detection of with indicating system operational process in some data so that staff can be according to the data analysis obtaining, the then operation of Controlling System better.This proofing unit comprises the first dew point hygrometer 25 being arranged between the first condenser 6 and molecular screener adsorbing system, and is arranged on the second dew point hygrometer 38 between molecular screener adsorbing system and gas compressor 39.
In addition, in order to facilitate staff's Controlling System operation better equally, and reach a conclusion, described product water collection box 12 water outlets are connected with the first sampling valve 13, described condensation water tank 36 water outlets are connected with the second sampling valve 37, described gas-holder 40 air outlets are connected with the 3rd sampling valve 42, and between this gas-holder 40 and the 3rd sampling valve 42, are also provided with for controlling the 4th gas mass flow controller 41 containing hydrogen tritide airshed.
In addition, be based on security consideration equally, simultaneously also for system can normally be moved, described raw water water tank 1 water-in is connected with the second volume pump 45, this second volume pump 45 is connected with product water collection box 12 by the 8th valve 43, is connected with condensation water tank 36 by the 9th valve 44.After system operation for some time, if the liquid level of raw water water tank lower than 2cm, is opened the second volume pump 45, make the water in product water collection box 12 and/or condensation water tank 36 enter into the supplementary water level of raw water water tank 1.
As shown in Figure 4, below technical process of the present invention is described in detail, as described below:
(1) install all devices according to Fig. 1, and carefully check system integrity, stopping property, be ready to containing HTO, and put into raw water water tank, be ready to hydrogen simultaneously;
(2) by the valve closes between the first valve, the 3rd valve and the 3rd condenser and condensation water tank, then open respectively corresponding valve, and vacuum pump and the second valve, make it to gas mass flow control unit in parallel, hydrogen gas cylinder, vacuumize containing the pipeline of hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system and the 3rd condenser, and detect in real time the pressure in its pipeline by vacuum gauge; Due to the valve closes between the first valve, the 3rd valve and the 3rd condenser and condensation water tank, thereby vacuum pump vacuumizes and can not have influence on raw water water tank, steam boiler, catalyzed reaction exchange system, product water collection box, the first condenser, the second condenser and condensation water tank;
(3) when vacuum gauge display pipes internal pressure is during lower than 5Pa, close vacuum pump and the second valve;
(4) open the first volume pump, cooling-water machine, the first condenser and the second condenser, make to be transported in steam boiler and to be heated by raw water water tank containing HTO, form water vapour, in the present embodiment, the temperature of water vapour is 200 DEG C;
(5) open automatic valve, water vapour enters into outer cylinder body, provides heat and by porous honeycomb heat storage transferring heat by heating rod, thereby it is constant to maintain 200 DEG C of the temperature of water vapour, and makes it diffuse to the whole inside of catalyst reaction section; Meanwhile, open the first valve, reducing valve and motor-mount pump, hydrogen, under motor-mount pump effect, is exported by hydrogen gas cylinder, and passes into from catalyst reaction section lower end, flow hydrogen gas direction and flow of water vapor opposite direction;
(6) hydrogen and water vapour trigger catalyzed reaction by hydrophilic catalyzer in catalyst reaction section, tritium is by containing HTO vapor transfer in hydrogen and along with hydrogen enters into water vapour heating unit together, the second condenser impels the water vapour liquefaction in the second cavity simultaneously, make to produce water vapor concentration between catalyst reaction section and the second cavity poor, in the second cavity, water vapor concentration is lower than water vapor concentration in catalyst reaction section, and in catalyst reaction section, water vapour is liquefied by the second condenser to the second cavity internal diffusion continuation;
(7) containing hydrogen tritide gas through catalyst reaction section successively by outer cylinder body and the first cavity, and by the first condenser, the water vapour of carrying secretly containing hydrogen tritide gas is liquefied, and containing tritium Hydrogen Separation, preliminarily dried is containing hydrogen tritide gas; The water vapour being simultaneously liquefied in the second cavity enters into product water collection box by the second condenser and collects;
(8) start gas compressor, keep the 3rd valve, the 4th valve and the 6th valve opening, and close the 5th valve and the 7th valve, under gas compressor effect, enter into the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas and carry out redrying, form the dry hydrogen tritide gas that contains, then enter into gas-holder and store;
(9) circulation step (4)～(8).
In above-mentioned flow process, the every operation of system is after 30 minutes, open respectively the first sampling valve, the second sampling valve and the 3rd sampling valve, analyze to the liquefaction water of collecting with containing the sample of hydrogen tritide gas, and the data of observing the first dew point hygrometer and the collection of the second dew point hygrometer, whether identically contrast two dew point hygrometer data, be, stop entering the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas, and it is carried out to preheating regeneration, open the 5th valve and the 7th valve simultaneously, close the 4th valve and the 6th valve, make to change to and in the second molecular sieve bed, carry out redrying containing hydrogen tritide gas, its principle of work as shown in Figure 5, no, continue keeping system operation.The preheating regenerative process of the first molecular sieve bed is as described below:
(a) start gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, be pumped into gas heater and heat containing hydrogen tritide gas from gas compressor part out, form high temperature containing hydrogen tritide gas, then enter into the first molecular sieve bed;
(b) high temperature makes the moisture vaporization in the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas, form water vapour, then enter into the 3rd condenser together with containing hydrogen tritide gas and carry out separation, isolate continuing to be pumped into containing hydrogen tritide gas and being heated into high temperature in gas heater containing hydrogen tritide gas of water vapor, water vapour stores through entering into condensation water tank by the 3rd condenser after liquefaction simultaneously;
(c) circulation step (a) and (b), until the data of the 3rd dew point hygrometer are while spending lower than-90, close gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, isolate being back in gas-holder containing hydrogen tritide gas of water vapour, the first molecular sieve bed preheating regeneration is complete.
In like manner, the preheating regenerative process of the second molecular sieve bed is also identical with the first molecular sieve bed preheating regenerative process, except beginning reason does not need preheating regeneration containing hydrogen tritide gas, in all the other times, two molecular sieve beds are all to carry out work simultaneously, and one contains hydrogen tritide gas for being dried, and another is regenerated for preheating, then the latter two states exchange again at regular intervals, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
In addition, in above-mentioned flow process, at regular intervals after, need to gather the liquid level of raw water water tank and the pressure data of gas-holder, so that determine next step work.If the data that gather be system receptible safety range, the operation of keeping system.If only have the liquid level of raw water water tank lower than 2cm, as previously mentioned, the second volume pump is opened, and by the 8th valve and/or the 9th valve open, make the water in product water collection box and/or condensation water tank be pumped in raw water water tank and supplement water level by the second volume pump, then continue operational system, not only can guarantee thus security of system, steady running, and can again go tritiate processing to the liquefaction water of collecting, it is further purified.If the pressure of gas-holder higher than 2Mpa, needs halt system operation, now, by all valves and device shutdown, then cleaning work scene, gets rid of potential safety hazard.Thus, the hydrogen that tritium-containing amount is very high is just stored in gas-holder, and the low-down liquefaction water of tritium-containing amount is stored in product water collection box and condensation water tank.The present invention can reach more than 90% the tritiate efficiency of going containing HTO.
Valve in pipeline of the present invention, in every case relates to gas flow, all refer to gas diaphragm valve, and relates to liquid-flow, refers to liquid ball valve, and so flowing of gas and liquid can be conveniently controlled in selection, and guarantee the stability of system operation.
The present invention has realized hydrogen and containing the adverse current of HTO steam, make containing HTO steam only once heating, preheating, catalytic exchange and condensation process just can realize the tritiate of going containing HTO, it has significantly reduced energy consumption and cost.And that collects can adopt hydrogen isotope separation technology to separate containing hydrogen tritide gas as required, obtain the tritium of high density, as everyone knows, tritium is current the rarest element in the world, it can be used for nucleosynthesis generating aspect, particularly high density tritium, it is very high that itself and deuterium are combined in the energy discharging in nuclear fission.Hydrogen isotope separation technology has been proven technique very at present, therefore, consider from technical elements, obviously, from containing collecting high density tritium hydrogen tritide gas than from low many of the difficulty containing collecting high density tritium HTO, can be easy to just collect high density tritium, and this is being all considerable aspect technological value or commercial value.
In sum, the invention solves the insurmountable problem of prior art, realized the irrealizable effect of prior art, therefore, it has outstanding substantive distinguishing features and significant progressive.
Above-described embodiment is only one of preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be in order to not limit the scope of the invention; all any change and polishings of having no essential meaning of having done under body design thought of the present invention and spirit; or be equal to the technical scheme of displacement; its technical problem solving is consistent with the present invention in fact, also should be in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a vapor phase catalytic exchange column, it is characterized in that, comprise the raw water water tank (1), the first volume pump (2) and the steam boiler (3) that connect successively, and catalyzed reaction exchange system, hydrogen transmission system, containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system, condenser system, proofing unit and product water collection box (12), wherein:
Described catalyzed reaction exchange system comprises the first cavity (7), water vapour heating unit (8), catalyst reaction section (9) and the second cavity (10) that connect successively from top to bottom; Described water vapour heating unit (8) is connected with steam boiler (3) air outlet by automatic valve (4); Described catalyst reaction section (9) is solid hydrophilic catalyzer;
Described hydrogen transmission system comprises the hydrogen gas cylinder (23), reducing valve (22), gas mass flow control unit in parallel and the motor-mount pump (14) that connect successively by pipeline; Described motor-mount pump (14) is connected with catalyst reaction section (9) lower end by pipeline;
The described molecular screener adsorbing system, gas compressor (39) and the gas-holder (40) that connect successively of comprising containing hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system; Described gas-holder (40) is connected with hydrogen gas cylinder (23);
Described condenser system comprises cooling-water machine (5), the first condenser (6), the second condenser (11) and the 3rd condenser (35) that are connected with this cooling-water machine (5) respectively, and the condensation water tank (36) being connected with the 3rd condenser (35); Described the first condenser (6) is connected with the first cavity (7) and molecular screener adsorbing system respectively, described the second condenser (11) is connected with the second cavity (10) and product water collection box (12) respectively, and described the 3rd condenser (35) is connected with molecular screener adsorbing system and gas-holder (40) respectively;
Described proofing unit comprises the first dew point hygrometer (25) being arranged between the first condenser (6) and molecular screener adsorbing system, and is arranged on the second dew point hygrometer (38) between molecular screener adsorbing system and gas compressor (39).
2. a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange column according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the second valve (20) on the pipeline being connected between gas mass flow control unit in parallel and motor-mount pump (14), the vacuum pump (21) being connected with this second valve (20), and be connected to the vacuum gauge (19) on the pipeline between the second valve (20) and gas mass flow assembly in parallel.
3. a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange column according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described raw water water tank (1) water-in is connected with the second volume pump (45), and this second volume pump (45) is also connected with condensation water tank (36) and product water collection box (12) respectively.
4. according to a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange column described in right 3, it is characterized in that, described water vapour heating unit (8) comprises the outer cylinder body (801) being connected with the first cavity (7) and catalyst reaction section (9) respectively, be arranged on the porous honeycomb heat storage of this outer cylinder body (801) bosom position, and it is upper and all run through the first heating tube (802) and second heating tube (803) of porous honeycomb heat storage to be arranged on outer cylinder body (801); Described the first heating tube (802) is positioned at the second heating tube (803) top, and the two is mutually vertical, in this first heating tube (802) and the second heating tube (803), is also equipped with heating rod; Described steam boiler (3) is connected on the side of outer cylinder body (801), and is positioned at the top of the first heating tube (802).
5. a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange column according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described gas mass flow control unit in parallel comprises the first gas mass flow controller (16), the second gas mass flow controller (17) and the 3rd gas mass flow controller (18) that are connected in parallel between reducing valve (22) and motor-mount pump (14).
6. according to a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange column described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that, described molecular screener adsorbing system comprises the gas recycle pump (33) being connected with gas-holder (40), the 3rd dew point hygrometer (34) and the gas heater (32) that are connected with this gas recycle pump (33) respectively, and be connected in parallel on the first molecular sieve bed (28) and the second molecular sieve bed (29) between the first condenser (6) and gas compressor (39); Described gas heater (32) is connected with the first molecular sieve bed (28) and the second molecular sieve bed (29) respectively, and described the 3rd condenser (35) is also connected with this first molecular sieve bed (28) and the second molecular sieve bed (29) respectively.
7. a technique for vapor phase catalytic exchange column, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) open respectively vacuum pump and the second valve, to gas mass flow control unit in parallel, hydrogen gas cylinder, vacuumize containing the pipeline of hydrogen tritide air dry gathering system and the 3rd condenser, and detect in real time the pressure in its pipeline by vacuum gauge;
(2) when vacuum gauge display pipes internal pressure is during lower than 5Pa, close vacuum pump and the second valve;
(3) open the first volume pump, cooling-water machine, the first condenser and the second condenser, make to be transported in steam boiler and to heat by raw water water tank containing HTO, form water vapour;
(4) open automatic valve, make water vapour enter into water vapour heating unit, maintain its temperature by water vapour heating unit, and make it diffuse to the whole inside of catalyst reaction section; Meanwhile, open reducing valve and motor-mount pump, hydrogen, under motor-mount pump effect, is exported by hydrogen gas cylinder, and passes into from catalyst reaction section lower end, flow hydrogen gas direction and flow of water vapor opposite direction;
(5) hydrogen and water vapour trigger catalyzed reaction by hydrophilic catalyzer in catalyst reaction section, tritium is by containing HTO vapor transfer in hydrogen and along with hydrogen enters into water vapour heating unit together, the second condenser impels the water vapour liquefaction in the second cavity simultaneously, make to produce water vapor concentration between catalyst reaction section and the second cavity poor, in the second cavity, water vapor concentration is lower than water vapor concentration in catalyst reaction section, and in catalyst reaction section, water vapour is liquefied by the second condenser to the second cavity internal diffusion continuation;
(6) containing hydrogen tritide gas through catalyst reaction section successively by water vapour heating unit and the first cavity, and by the first condenser, the water vapour of carrying secretly containing hydrogen tritide gas is liquefied, and containing tritium Hydrogen Separation, preliminarily dried is containing hydrogen tritide gas; The water vapour being simultaneously liquefied in the second cavity enters into product water collection box by the second condenser and collects;
(7) start gas compressor, under gas compressor effect, enter into the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas and carry out redrying, form the dry hydrogen tritide gas that contains, then enter into gas-holder and store;
(8) circulation step (3)～(7).
8. the technique of a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange column according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described step (7), the every operation of system, after 30 minutes, is observed respectively the data that the first dew point hygrometer and the second dew point hygrometer gather, and whether identically contrasts two dew point hygrometer data, be, stop entering the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas, and it is carried out to preheating regeneration, make to change to and in the second molecular sieve bed, carry out redrying containing hydrogen tritide gas simultaneously; No, continue keeping system operation.
9. the technique of a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange column according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the preheating regenerative process of described the first molecular sieve bed is specific as follows:
(a) start gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, be pumped into gas heater and heat containing hydrogen tritide gas from gas compressor part out, form high temperature containing hydrogen tritide gas, then enter into the first molecular sieve bed;
(b) high temperature makes the moisture vaporization in the first molecular sieve bed containing hydrogen tritide gas, form water vapour, then enter into the 3rd condenser together with containing hydrogen tritide gas and carry out separation, isolate continuing to be pumped into containing hydrogen tritide gas and being heated into high temperature in gas heater containing hydrogen tritide gas of water vapor, water vapour stores through entering into condensation water tank by the 3rd condenser after liquefaction simultaneously;
(c) circulation step (a) and (b), until the data of the 3rd dew point hygrometer are while spending lower than-90, close gas recycle pump, gas heater and the 3rd condenser, isolate being back in gas-holder containing hydrogen tritide gas of water vapour, the first molecular sieve bed preheating regeneration is complete.
10. the technique of a kind of vapor phase catalytic exchange column according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, in described step (8), if the liquid level of raw water water tank is lower than 2cm, open the second volume pump, make the water in product water collection box and/or condensation water tank enter into raw water water tank.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105810277A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-07-27 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Tritium process tail gas treatment system |
| CN106601322A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-04-26 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | VPCE static performance testing system |
| CN111419083A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-17 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Integrated miniaturized low-deuterium water dispenser |
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| CN1715179A (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2006-01-04 | 四川材料与工艺研究所 | Hydrogen isotope separating device and method |
| US20100239481A1 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2010-09-23 | Anthony Busigin | Process for tritium removal from water by transfer of tritium from water to an elemental hydrogen stream, followed by membrane diffusion tritium stripping and enrichment, and final tritium enrichment by thermal diffusion |
| CN101850215A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2010-10-06 | 四川材料与工艺研究所 | Low-temperature displacement chromatography hydrogen isotope separation device and method |
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