CN103972520A - Elastic carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Elastic carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103972520A CN103972520A CN201410157562.7A CN201410157562A CN103972520A CN 103972520 A CN103972520 A CN 103972520A CN 201410157562 A CN201410157562 A CN 201410157562A CN 103972520 A CN103972520 A CN 103972520A
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- oxygen reduction
- carbon foam
- reduction catalyst
- catalyst
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Links
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular oxygen Chemical compound C.O=O CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002389 environmental scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular nitrogen;molecular oxygen Chemical compound N#N.O=O DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an elastic carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The elastic carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst is prepared by carbonizing a melamine foam material at high temperature under the condition of containing trace oxygen. The catalyst has a self-supporting three-dimensional network structure, excellent elasticity and oxygen reduction catalytic performance comparable to 20wt.% Pt/C. The flexible carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst will be useful in the cathodes of fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction Catalysts and its preparation method.
Background technology
In recent years, because society is for the urgent demand of the new energy technology of high-efficiency cleaning, the research of fuel cell and metal-air cell correlation technique has received increasing concern.For above-mentioned two kinds of batteries, in its negative electrode, all need to use the catalyst with electro catalytic activity to promote oxygen reduction reaction.These catalyst comprise platinum catalyst, transition metal/nitrogen/carbon, conducting polymer, Heteroatom doping C catalyst etc.These catalyst are all to exist with the form of powder, need in use to use binding agent (Nafion or polytetrafluoroethylene) that they are bonding, then form Catalytic Layer.But the use of binding agent can increase the complexity of technique on the one hand, increases cost, can block again on the other hand the micro-pore of Catalytic Layer inside, and reaction mass transfer is obstructed.These due to the caused series of problems of catalyst structure in lithium-air battery negative electrode, show particularly outstanding, be not only oxygen reduction because of its negative electrode and react the place of carrying out, also want more space to remove to hold product lithium peroxide (F. Cheng, and J. Chen simultaneously
chem. Soc. Rev., 2012,41,2172 – 2192).At present, the catalyst that research has a fixed structure has started to be valued by the people, as the people such as Sun on carbon black pellet, grow burr shape Pt nano wire (S. Sun, F. Jaouen, and J. Dodelet,
adv. Mater., 2008,20,3900 – 3904), the carbon foam catalyst of three-dimensional structure that prepared by the people such as Liu have (Z. Liu, H. Nie, Z. Yang, J. Zhang, Z. Jin, Y. Lu, Z. Xiao and S. Huang,
nanoscale, 2013,5,3283 – 3288), and the melamine C catalyst with a large amount of holes prepared of the people such as Lee (J. Lee, G. Park, S. Kim, M. Liu, and J. Cho,
angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013,52,1026 – 1030) etc.Although these materials have all possessed certain pore structure, because these catalyst do not have mechanical performance (fragility), so they cannot avoid the use of binding agent, also cannot realize the self-supporting of catalyst.Certainly in lithium-air battery, also have self-supporting negative electrode to exist, but they be mainly carrier by catalyst being attached to self-supporting as realized in nickel foam (Y. Cui, Z. Wen and Y. Liu,
energy Environ. Sci., 2011,4,4727), catalyst itself is not have self-supporting character.Here, the present invention discloses a kind of Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction Catalysts and its preparation method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction Catalysts and its preparation method.The present invention is achieved in that and containing under micro amount of oxygen condition, and directly high temperature cabonization melamine formaldehyde resin foam is prepared Elastic Carbon foam.The Elastic Carbon foam of preparing by the method has the three-dimensional net structure of self-supporting, good resilience, excellent oxygen reduction catalytic performance.
Described high temperature cabonization, its process is: melamine formaldehyde resin foam is placed in to body of heater, under micro amount of oxygen condition, is heated to 800-1200 ° of C with the speed of 2-20 ° of C/min, wherein optimum carburizing temperature is 900-1000
oC.
Described micro amount of oxygen condition, the concentration of its oxygen is 0.01 ml/L ~ 5 ml/L; Wherein optimum concentration is 0.1 ~ 1 ml/L.
Described micro amount of oxygen condition, its execution mode is: (a), with the residual oxygen in inert gas exchange poly cyanamid-formaldehyde resin foam material, control its swap time; Or (b) under inert gas shielding or under vacuum, in reactor, add a certain amount of can oxygenous chemical substance in high temperature cabonization process, comprise that slaine is (as KClO
3, KMnO
4deng), metal oxide is (as MnO
2, Fe
2o
3deng) etc.
Described Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst, its raw material is melamine formaldehyde resin foamed material, and has following architectural feature: perforate, density range is 4-12 kg/m
3, porosity is greater than 95%, and its pattern is as accompanying drawing 5.
Described Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst, its oxygen reduction catalytic performance and elasticity can be by regulating micro amount of oxygen concentration to regulate and control.
Technique effect of the present invention is: this Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst has following characteristics:
(a) the three-dimensional porous network configuration of self-supporting, as shown in Figure 1, porosity exceedes 99%;
(b) excellent elasticity, as shown in Figure 2, can resilience after catalyst is compressed;
(c) excellent oxygen reduction reacting catalytic performance, as the cyclic voltammogram of accompanying drawing 3, the Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst of preparing under optimum condition, its catalysis spike potential is-0.19V, with 20wt.% Pt/C-0.16V is suitable; As accompanying drawing 4 No. 1 its linear voltammogram of sample, its catalytic reaction take-off potential is 0V, very approaching with the 0.02V of 20wt.% Pt/C.
The carbon foam that (is less than the high vacuum of 10Pa) prepares under the condition that approaches anaerobic is fragility, without any elasticity, and oxygen reduction catalytic performance is also very low.As accompanying drawing 6D, cyclic voltammogram demonstration, its oxygen reduction reaction potential is-0.33V, far below 20wt.% Pt/C catalyst.
The main component of Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst prepared by the present invention is the material with carbon element of nitrogen oxygen codope, and its photoelectricity energy spectrogram (XPS) is as accompanying drawing 8.This catalyst preparation is simple, cost is low, will can be used for the negative electrode of fuel cell and metal-air battery.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the ESEM picture of the three-dimensional porous network configuration of Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst.
Fig. 2 is the compression rebound photo of Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst.
Fig. 3 is the cyclic voltammetry comparison diagram (oxygen reduction catalytic performance comparison diagram) of Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst and 20wt.% Pt/C catalyst.
Linear volt-ampere comparison diagram (1) the nitrogen exchange 0h(CF-0h of the oxygen reduction catalyst that Fig. 4 is different), (2) nitrogen exchange 0.5h(CF-0.5h), nitrogen exchange 10h(CF-10h) and, be less than vacuum condition (CF-vac) and (5) Pt/C of 10Pa.
The scanning electron microscope diagram sheet of Fig. 5 melamine formaldehyde resin foam.
Cyclic voltammetry figure (A) the nitrogen exchange 0h of the carbon foam catalyst of preparing under Fig. 6 different condition, (B) nitrogen exchange 0.5h, (C) nitrogen exchange 10h, (D) high vacuum of <10Pa.
Fig. 7 adds different amount KMnO
4the cyclic voltammetry comparison diagram of the carbon foam catalyst of preparing under condition.
The carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst photoelectricity power spectrum comparison diagram of preparing under Fig. 8 different condition, (A) full spectrogram, (B) the meticulous general figure of N1s, (C) the meticulous spectrogram of O1s.
embodiment
1 controls inert gas prepares carbon oxygen reduction catalyst swap time
1 melamine resin foam that is of a size of 9 cm × 3, cm × 5 cm sizes is put into 1 diameter 80mm, in the quartz ampoule of long 1000mm, load onto interface.First at normal temperatures with 100 ml min
-1speed nitrogen exchange 0 h, oxygen concentration is about 1 ml/L; Then with 10 ° of C min
-1heating rate be raised to 1000 ° of C, stop 1h in this temperature, then allow it naturally drop under room temperature and take out.
The same, change nitrogen swap time, as 0.5,2,5,10 h, the oxygen content of regulation and control reaction system is prepared carbon foam, regulates its elasticity and oxygen reduction catalytic performance.
2 controls add KMnO
4amount prepare carbon oxygen reduction catalyst
1 melamine resin foam that is of a size of 9 cm × 3, cm × 5 cm sizes and one are filled to 0.38 g KMnO
4porcelain boat put and together put into 1 diameter 80mm, in the quartz ampoule of long 1000 mm.At normal temperatures with 100 ml min
-1speed nitrogen exchange 10h, then with 10 ° of C min
-1heating rate be raised to 1000 ° of C, stop 1h in this temperature, in reaction system, oxygen concentration is about 0.1 ml/L; Then allowing it naturally drop under room temperature takes out.
The same, change KMnO
4addition, as 0.76 g, 1.52 g etc., the oxygen content of regulation and control in reaction system prepared carbon foam, regulates its elasticity and oxygen reduction catalytic performance.
The oxygen reduction catalytic performance test of 3 catalyst
Use three-electrode system (to electrode-platinum filament, reference electrode-Yin/silver chlorate (saturated KCl)) in the saturated 0.1M KOH electrolyte of oxygen, the catalytic performance of detecting catalyst.By the carbon foam pulverizing or Pt/C catalyst with identical mass loading to the glass-carbon electrode of fresh polishing, as work electrode, carry out cyclic voltammetry scan test.By the carbon foam pulverizing or Pt/C catalyst on the rotation glass-carbon electrode using identical mass loading to fresh polishing as work electrode, under the condition of 1600 revs/min, carry out the sweep test of linearity volt-ampere.
Different nitrogen swap times and add the cyclic voltammetric comparison diagram of the C catalyst of preparing under different K MnO4 amount condition, see respectively accompanying drawing 6 and accompanying drawing 7.
Claims (7)
1. an Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst, is characterized in that described catalyst has following characteristics:
A) self-supporting three-dimensional carbon network configuration, porosity exceedes 99%;
B) excellent resilience;
C) the oxygen reduction reacting catalytic performance suitable with 20wt.% Pt/C.
2. the preparation method of the Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst described in claim 1, is characterized in that: taking melamine formaldehyde resin foamed material as raw material, and under micro amount of oxygen condition, high temperature cabonization preparation.
3. the high temperature cabonization described in claim 2, is characterized in that temperature range is 800 ~ 1200
oc, Optimal Temperature is 900-1000
oC.
4. the micro amount of oxygen described in claim 2, is characterized in that oxygen concentration scope is 0.01 ml/L ~ 5 ml/L, and optimum oxygen concentration scope is 0.1 ~ 1 ml/L.
5. the micro amount of oxygen condition described in claim 2 and 4, is characterized in that control mode comprises:
(a) with the residual oxygen in inert gas exchange poly cyanamid-formaldehyde resin foam material, control its swap time; Or (b) under inert gas shielding or under vacuum, can oxygenous chemical substance under being added in high temperature cabonization process in reactor, comprise slaine, as KClO
3or KMnO
4deng, metal oxide, as MnO
2or Fe
2o
3deng.
6. the Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst described in claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that raw material is melamine formaldehyde resin foamed material; The architectural feature of raw material be perforate, density range is 4-12 kg/m
3, porosity is greater than 95%.
7. the Elastic Carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst described in claim 1 and 2, its oxygen reduction catalytic performance and elasticity can regulate the concentration of micro-oxygen to regulate and control by the method described in right 5.
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CN201410157562.7A CN103972520B (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2014-04-18 | Elastic carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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CN201410157562.7A CN103972520B (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2014-04-18 | Elastic carbon foam oxygen reduction catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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CN103972520A true CN103972520A (en) | 2014-08-06 |
CN103972520B CN103972520B (en) | 2017-01-18 |
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ID=51241774
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107317040A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-11-03 | 清华大学 | The floatation type gas-diffusion electrode reacted for gas consumption and its preparation |
CN108172793A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-15 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Centrifuge the method for preparing three-dimensional carbon foam/graphene oxide based composites |
CN109360992A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-19 | 青岛科技大学 | A kind of metal-nitrogen-carbon nanosheet preparation method and application of three-dimensional continuous carbon skeleton adulteration |
CN113480830A (en) * | 2021-06-19 | 2021-10-08 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司中南电力试验研究院 | Method for preparing heat-conducting composite material by utilizing melamine formaldehyde foam |
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CN101941693A (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2011-01-12 | 北京理工大学 | Graphene aerogel and preparation method thereof |
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CN102874792A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-16 | 江西师范大学 | Preparation method of novel carbon sponge |
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2014
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107317040A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-11-03 | 清华大学 | The floatation type gas-diffusion electrode reacted for gas consumption and its preparation |
CN108172793A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-15 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Centrifuge the method for preparing three-dimensional carbon foam/graphene oxide based composites |
CN108172793B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2020-08-11 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for preparing three-dimensional carbon foam/graphene oxide-based composite material through centrifugal separation |
CN109360992A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-19 | 青岛科技大学 | A kind of metal-nitrogen-carbon nanosheet preparation method and application of three-dimensional continuous carbon skeleton adulteration |
CN113480830A (en) * | 2021-06-19 | 2021-10-08 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司中南电力试验研究院 | Method for preparing heat-conducting composite material by utilizing melamine formaldehyde foam |
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