CN103969288A - Low-temperature-area thermal conductivity testing device - Google Patents
Low-temperature-area thermal conductivity testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103969288A CN103969288A CN201410127049.3A CN201410127049A CN103969288A CN 103969288 A CN103969288 A CN 103969288A CN 201410127049 A CN201410127049 A CN 201410127049A CN 103969288 A CN103969288 A CN 103969288A
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-temperature-area thermal conductivity testing device. The device comprises a low-temperature thermal-insulation pressure container and a gas recovery device, wherein an electric heating supercharging device and a supporting frame are arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature thermal-insulation pressure container; a testing assembly container is arranged on the supportingframe; a thermal-insulation container cover is arranged at the top of the low-temperature thermal-insulation pressure container; a gas inlet, a safety valve interface, a central lead interface, a sensor interface and a gas outlet are sequentially arranged on the thermal-insulation container cover; a gas cylinder for testing is connected with the gas inlet through an electrically-operated liquid inlet valve, the safety valve interface is connected with a safety valve, and a testing assembly lead is connected with the central lead interface through a stainless steel hose; a liquid level sensor and a temperature sensor which are connected with a computer through leads are also arranged in the low-temperature thermal-insulation pressure container; and the gas recovery device is located at an outlet end of the gas outlet. According to the device, multiple liquid gas media are combined, and the problem that the accuracy of the temperature controlled through the flow of a single liquid gas is not high is solved according to the principle that the liquid boiling point corresponds to the environmental pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to low temperature environment field tests, particularly a kind of low-temperature space test device of thermal conductivity coefficient.
Background technology
Coefficient of heat conductivity is one of elementary heat physical parameter of material.At present, along with the fast development of cryogenic technique, the cryogenic liquids such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen and LNG are more and more extensive in each field application such as domestic life, industry, medical treatment, Aero-Space, transport and preserve these cryogenic liquids and need the solid thermal insulation material that coefficient of heat conductivity is extremely low, and thermal insulation material coefficient of heat conductivity quite lacks in the data of low-temperature space, make troubles to research work.
The measuring method of coefficient of heat conductivity has two kinds of steady state method and unstable state methods, and while measuring Measurement of Low Temperature Thermal Conductivity, any method all needs stable low temperature environment.At present, each research institute, company unit adopt this Single Medium of liquid nitrogen as Environmental cold source mostly, realize low temperature environment by controlling liquid nitrogen input quantity.After required environment temperature is higher than liquid nitrogen boiling point, temperature reality is controlled by low temperature nitrogen, but the temperature field skewness that this method realizes, temperature accuracy is not high.
Summary of the invention
For solving the not high problem of single low-temperature receiver control temperature degree of accuracy, the invention provides a kind of low-temperature space test device of thermal conductivity coefficient that temperature is accurately controlled of realizing, this device adopts the pressure controlled method of multiple cold-producing medium, only need calculate the force value that environment temperature required (boiling temperature of refrigerant liquid) is corresponding, by controlling electric heating supercharging device and pressure regulation motorized valve, realize the object of accurately controlling temperature, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of low-temperature space test device of thermal conductivity coefficient, is characterized in that, low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container bottom is provided with electric heating supercharging device and bracing frame, is provided with test suite container on bracing frame; Low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container top is provided with thermally insulated container lid, and thermally insulated container covers and is provided with successively air intake opening, relief valve connection, central tap interface, sensor interface and exhausr port; Test is connected with air intake opening by feed liquor motorized valve with gas cylinder, and safety valve is connected with internal tank by relief valve connection, and test suite lead-in wire is connected with central tap interface by stainless steel flexible hose; In low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container, be also provided with liquid level sensor and temperature sensor, their lead-in wire is connected with computing machine through signal conversion and control module respectively by sensor interface, and the endpiece of exhausr port is connected with gas concentration unit.
Preferably; in the present invention; electric heating supercharging device comprises circular electrical-heating film, protection housing and electric wire; wherein; circular electrical-heating film is close to protection housing upper surface; protection housing is welded on low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container bottom centre and is provided with electric wire opening, and electric wire is crossed electric wire opening and is connected with programmable power supply with sensor interface, and by the break-make of computer control power supply.
Preferably, in the present invention, test is with being also provided with heat exchanger between gas cylinder and the pipeline of feed liquor motorized valve, and heat exchanger is connected with liquid nitrogen bottle by motorized valve.
Preferably, in the present invention, described test is with liquid nitrogen is housed in gas cylinder; One in Krypton, cold-producing medium R23 or cold-producing medium R125.
Preferably, in the present invention, the described gas concentration unit of stating comprises buffer container and collection container, buffer container top is provided with the first air intake opening and first row gas port, first row gas port endpiece is provided with the second hand valve and the 3rd pressure transducer successively, collection container top is provided with the second air intake opening, and the second inlet port end is connected with the second pressure transducer and the 3rd hand valve successively, and the 3rd hand valve inlet end is provided with four-way; Endpiece, the second manual valve outlet port end of exhausr port are equipped with threeway, the endpiece of exhausr port is by threeway process pipeline, one tunnel the first hand valve docks with four-way, and dock with the first air intake opening through the first pressure transducer, pressure regulation motorized valve, the first retaining valve successively on a road; The second manual valve outlet port end is by threeway through pipeline, and dock with four-way through compressor on a road, and dock with four-way through the second retaining valve, vacuum pump successively on a road.
In the present invention, described low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container is according to heavy caliber liquid nitrogen container GB/T14174-2012 standard manufacture.
The present invention utilizes the boiling point of liquid to change according to the variation of environmental pressure of living in, in the time that the suffered pressure of liquid increases, and the elevation of boiling point; When pressure reduces, boiling point reduces.By changing the pressure environment in container, obtain corresponding liquid boiling temperature, add heat and external environment condition by the inside of test suite and add heat heating and make it to be stabilized in boiling point.Heating power, external environment add heat sum and are more than or equal to liquid in low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container and remain on the required heat of boiling temperature add heat and the test suite of low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container (comprising connecting line).
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) regulate low temperature insulation container made internal pressure by controlling electric heating supercharging device and pressure regulation motorized valve, make liquid gas all the time in boiling temperature, improved control accuracy;
(2) liquid in boiling temperature, its inner temperature homogeneity will be better than gas greatly, has improved the stability of environment temperature;
(3) the present invention is applicable to realize the low-temperature stabilization environment of steady state method and Transient Method heat conducting coefficient measuring simultaneously, has general applicability;
(4) the present invention can be according to actual needs, select arbitrarily liquid gas working medium, as realized-195.8～-153 DEG C of warm areas with liquid nitrogen, liquid krypton is realized-153～-82 DEG C of warm areas, cold-producing medium R23 realizes-82～-48 DEG C of warm areas, cold-producing medium R125 realizes-48～25 DEG C of warm areas, can be by arranging in pairs or groups liquid gas working medium multiple to obtain the warm area under low temperature widely;
(5) low temperature insulation container made is according to GB/T14174-2012 standard manufacture, and insulation effect is good, is conducive to the stable of temperature environment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is liquid level control principle schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is pressure control principle schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is compressor control principle schematic.
Fig. 4 is the test device of thermal conductivity coefficient control principle schematic diagram of low-temperature space.
Fig. 5 is the test device of thermal conductivity coefficient structural representation of low-temperature space.
Wherein, 1-1 test gas cylinder, 1-2 liquid nitrogen bottle, 1-3 motorized valve, 1-4 heat exchanger, 1-5 feed liquor motorized valve, 1-6 inlet, 1-7 safety valve, 1-8 relief valve connection, 1-9 test suite lead-in wire, 1-10 central tap interface, 1-11 sensor interface, 1-12 exhausr port, 1-13 the first pressure transducer, 1-14 pressure regulation motorized valve, 1-15 liquid level sensor, 1-16 bracing frame, 1-17 temperature sensor, 1-18 electric heating supercharging device, 1-19 test suite container, 1-20 low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container; 1-21 stainless steel flexible hose, 1-22 thermally insulated container lid;
2-1 buffer container, 2-2 the first retaining valve, 2-3 the first hand valve, 2-4 compressor, 2-5 the second hand valve, 2-6 the second retaining valve, 2-7 vacuum pump, 2-8 the 3rd hand valve, 2-9 the second pressure transducer, 2-10 collection container, 2-11 the second air intake opening, 2-12 first row gas port, 2-13 the first air intake opening, 2-14 the 3rd pressure transducer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described, and embodiment implements as prerequisite taking technical solution of the present invention, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1 carries out low-temperature space Determination of conductive coefficients as an example of stable state protective heat plate method example to test thermal insulation material
As shown in Figure 5, low-temperature space test device of thermal conductivity coefficient comprises low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 and gas concentration unit, low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 bottom is provided with electric heating supercharging device 1-18 and bracing frame 1-16, and test suite container 1-19 is positioned on bracing frame 1-16; Low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 top is provided with thermally insulated container lid 1-22, and thermally insulated container lid 1-22 is provided with inlet 1-6, relief valve connection 1-8, central tap interface 1-10, sensor interface 1-11 and exhausr port 1-12; Test is connected with inlet 1-6 by feed liquor motorized valve 1-5 with gas cylinder 1-1, test is with being also provided with heat exchanger 1-4 between gas cylinder 1-1 and feed liquor motorized valve 1-5 pipeline, heat exchanger 1-4 is connected with liquid nitrogen bottle 1-2 by motorized valve 1-3, safety valve 1-7 is connected by relief valve connection 1-8 and low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 are inner, and test suite lead-in wire 1-9 draws low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 by stainless steel flexible hose 1-21, central tap interface 1-10; In low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20, be also provided with liquid level sensor 1-15 and temperature sensor 1-17, their lead-in wire causes low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 by sensor interface 1-11 and is connected with computing machine through signal conversion and control module respectively more outward, and described signal conversion and control module comprises programmable logic controller (PLC) (PLC), D/A module and A/D module; The endpiece of exhausr port 1-12 is connected with gas concentration unit;
In the present embodiment, gas concentration unit comprises buffer container 2-1 and collection container 2-10, buffer container 2-1 top is provided with the first air intake opening 2-13 and first row gas port 2-12, first row gas port 2-12 endpiece is provided with the second hand valve 2-5 and the 3rd pressure transducer 2-14, collection container 2-10 top is provided with the second air intake opening 2-13, the second air intake opening 2-13 inlet end is connected with the second pressure transducer 2-9 and the 3rd hand valve 2-8 successively, and the 3rd hand valve 2-8 inlet end is provided with four-way; Endpiece, the second hand valve 2-5 endpiece of exhausr port 1-12 are equipped with threeway, the endpiece of exhausr port 1-12 is by threeway process pipeline, one tunnel the first hand valve 2-3 docks with four-way, and dock with the first air intake opening 2-13 through the first pressure transducer 1-13, pressure regulation motorized valve 1-14, the first retaining valve 2-2 successively on a road; The second hand valve 2-5 endpiece is by threeway through pipeline, and dock with four-way through compressor 2-4 on a road, and dock with four-way through the second retaining valve 2-6, vacuum pump 2-7 successively on a road.
In the present embodiment, electrical heating supercharging device 1-18 comprises: circular electrical-heating film, protection housing, electric wire, wherein: circular electrical-heating film is close to protection housing upper surface, and its heating power is 20W; Protection housing is welded on low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container bottom centre and is provided with electric wire opening, and electric wire is crossed electric wire opening and is connected with programmable power supply by sensor interface, and by the break-make of computer control power supply.
In the present embodiment, low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20, according to heavy caliber liquid nitrogen container GB/T14174-2012 standard manufacture, ensures good heat-insulating property, and its design pressure is 3.5Mpa, and it is 3Mpa that safety valve is opened pressure, ensures safety,
In the present embodiment, test is used for providing test environment required cryogenic liquid with gas cylinder 1-1, in-built high pressure Krypton, be converted into after liquid gas by heat exchanger 1-4, entered in low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 by feed liquor motorized valve 1-4, heat exchanger 1-4 provides liquid nitrogen as required cooling medium by liquid nitrogen bottle 1-2 again.
In the present embodiment, test suite container 1-19, buffer container 2-1 and collection container 2-10 make by austenite 304 stainless steels, the inner installation testing assembly of test suite container 1-19, buffer container 2-1 exit the second hand valve 2-5 opens while work always, after end-of-job, close, while regaining gas, disassemble from here; Collection container 2-10 design pressure 20Mpa, the second pressure transducer 2-9, for experiencing the pressure of collection container 2-10, is sent to computing machine through signal conversion and control module, is convenient to monitoring, prevents superpressure.The 3rd hand valve 2-8 opens in the time of work, when end-of-job, closes, and from then on position dismounting collection container 2-10.
In the present embodiment, protective heat plate test suite structure requires assembling according to GB/T10294-2008/ISO8302:1991 " mensuration-protective heat plate method of Technology of Steady State Thermal Resistance of Thermal Insulating Material and related characteristics ", cold drawing is close to test suite container 1-19 top and bottom, to ensure good heat-transfer effect.
The course of work of the present embodiment:
Inspection information is combined into the required liquid gas scheme of temperature range that realizes, determine the temperature spot that needs control, and calculate the pressure corresponding with temperature, set interface parameters by the PID in KingView program, provide set-point, separately design job control interface, data acquisition storehouse etc., again all kinds of lead-in wires are connected with signal conversion module, and post debugging KingView program work is normal.
The present embodiment is realized the warm area of-145～-105 DEG C with high pressure Krypton, taking every 10 DEG C as one reference mark, calculate corresponding force value as shown in the table, following temperature is worked out in KingView program for manual reference mark.
Protective heat plate test suite is installed in built-in test assembly container 1-19 by GB/T10294-2008/ISO8302:1991 standard group, cold drawing is close to test suite container top and bottom, to ensure good heat-transfer effect, test suite lead-in wire 1-9, heater wire is connected to heat and image data by power supply and signal conversion and control module with test respectively through stainless steel flexible hose 1-21, central tap interface 1-10 with temperature sensor wires.
Open the first hand valve 2-3, the second hand valve 2-5 and the 3rd hand valve 2-8, open vacuum pump 2-7 by low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20, buffer container 2-1 and collection container 2-10 close vacuum pump 2-7 after being evacuated to 10-3Pa, close the first hand valve 2-3 simultaneously, cross signal conversion and control module controls feed liquor motorized valve 1-5 and motorized valve 1-3 opens simultaneously by the liquid level information exchange in KingView program, in low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container, be filled with liquid gas, in KingView program, select predefined first temperature value-145 DEG C, electric heating supercharging device 1-18 heating makes the boiling of liquid krypton and the information that gathers by the first pressure transducer 1-13 is sent as calculated instruction after machine contrast and made pressure stability at corresponding 0.186MPa to signal conversion and control module controls pressure regulation motorized valve 1-14, again according to temperature sensor 1-17, liquid level information and force value that the information that the first pressure transducer 1-13 and liquid level sensor 1-15 gather transfers to computing machine and KingView program initial setting through signal conversion and control module are carried out PID control, sending instruction by KingView program works opportunity through programmable power supply control electrical heating supercharging device 1-18, after sending signal, signal conversion module controls pressure regulation motorized valve 1-14 simultaneously, feed liquor motorized valve 1-5 and motorized valve 1-3 open opportunity, make temperature environment stable, after fluid temperature in low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 is stablized, until after the temperature value that the temperature sensor in test suite gathers is stable, implement according to double-test-piece stable state protective heat plate method test philosophy, and gather first group of experimental data by the database in KingView program, after end, in KingView program, manual switchover to the second temperature spot-135 DEG C, carry out successively.After the warm area that a kind of working medium realizes completes, open the first hand valve 2-3 and the 3rd hand valve 2-8, collection container 2-10 can collect the gas through exhausr port 1-12, the first hand valve 2-3 and the 3rd hand valve 2-8 discharge in low temperature insulation container made 1-20, after liquid gas in low temperature insulation container made 1-20 drains, clean, change other cryogenic liquid test gas cylinders of splendid attire.
Feed liquor motorized valve 1-5 is arranged in liquid gas inlet ductwork, motorized valve 1-3 is arranged between liquid nitrogen bottle 1-2 and heat exchanger 1-4, its principle of work as shown in Figure 1, in computing machine KingView program, write in advance liquid level control criterion: when liquid level be reduced to low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 internal height 85% time open feed liquor motorized valve 1-5 feed liquor, when liquid level be increased to low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 internal height 90% time close; Gather liquid level communication in low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 to inputting A/D module (modular converter EM231) by liquid level sensor 1-15 again, be connected to KingView program by programmable logic controller (PLC) PLC (CPU224) again, after contrast, send instruction by program again and control it through output D/A module (modular converter EM232) to feed liquor motorized valve 1-5 and motorized valve 1-3 and open and close simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 2, electric heating increases pressure information that device 1-18 heating gathers by the first pressure transducer 1-13 opportunity and transfers to signal conversion and control module again to decision after predefined force value contrast in computing machine and KingView program, in the time that low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 force value is less than temperature spot corresponding pressure, computing machine send instruction through programmable power supply to electric heating supercharging device 1-18 heating supercharging, in the time that low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 force value reaches temperature spot corresponding pressure, programmable power supply power-off; Need to heat up when (being supercharging) when testing a temperature spot, it is that liquid gas heating makes its evaporation that the automatic connection of program meeting programmable power supply makes electric heating supercharging device 1-18, to reach the object to vessel pressurization, and heating makes the temperature of liquid refrigerant keep stable as required.
Compressor 2-4 is for being evacuated to collection container 2-10 by the gas of buffer container 2-1, its principle of work as shown in Figure 3, in KingView program, preset: in the time that buffer container 2-1 internal pressure equals low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container 1-20 internal pressure, the compressor 2-4 work of switching on; The information being gathered by the 3rd pressure transducer 2-14 is connected to computing machine through A/D module, after preset value contrast in KingView program, computing machine send instruction through D/A module to compressor, realize and controlling, the second retaining valve 2-6, in the time of compressor operating, prevents from the gas of extraction to be back to compressor 2-4 porch through the pipeline of vacuum pump 2-7.
Fig. 4 is the present embodiment device principle of work schematic diagram.
The present embodiment is according to the described measuring method of GB/T10294-2008/ISO8302:1991 " mensuration-protective heat plate method of Technology of Steady State Thermal Resistance of Thermal Insulating Material and related characteristics ", its principle is based on one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer, when test material two sides is during in different temperature, the flow through heat flux of effective heat transfer area of test material of measurement, the temperature difference and thickness between test material two surfaces, calculate its coefficient of heat conductivity.
Wherein heat flux is the heating power that embeds two well heaters between metering heating plate by calculating, to determine the heat flux by test material; Measure respectively with the temperature of cold drawing contact side test material and with the temperature of metering well heater contact side test material to obtain the temperature difference of test material upper and lower surface; Test material thickness passes through kind of calliper; Useful area obtains by measuring heater diameter.
Test container is special according to the size of test suite, the internal height of test container equals the height of test suite, the container cover of test container engaged test assembly top completely while guaranteeing to assemble, and the pretightning force of bolt compresses test suite when the installation testing container cover, so that obtain good heat-transfer effect between each assembly.The heat that metering heating plate produces axially passes through test material, and is delivered to two cold drawings in outside.
The coefficient of heat conductivity of test material calculates according to the Fourier law of one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer:
Wherein: Q-passes to the heat (unit: W) of test material; The coefficient of heat conductivity (unit: W/mK) of λ-test material; A-test material useful area (unit: m
2); The Δ T-test material upper and lower surface temperature difference (unit: K); D-test material average thickness (unit: m).
The present embodiment is two test material protection hot plate apparatus, draws:
Upper and lower test material is identical, and thickness equates, heat conduction is expressed as:
The concrete application approach of the present invention is a lot; the above is only one embodiment of the present invention; in specific operation process, test is with liquid nitrogen, cold-producing medium R23 or cold-producing medium R125 can be housed in gas cylinder; specifically should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvement, these improve and also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a low-temperature space test device of thermal conductivity coefficient, comprises low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container and gas concentration unit, it is characterized in that, low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container bottom is provided with electric heating supercharging device and bracing frame, and bracing frame is provided with test suite container; Low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container top is provided with thermally insulated container lid, and thermally insulated container covers and is provided with successively air intake opening, relief valve connection, central tap interface, sensor interface and exhausr port; Test is connected with air intake opening by feed liquor motorized valve with gas cylinder, and relief valve connection is connected with safety valve, and test suite lead-in wire is connected with central tap interface by stainless steel flexible hose; In low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container, be also provided with the liquid level sensor and the temperature sensor that are connected with computing machine by lead-in wire, gas concentration unit is positioned at the endpiece of exhausr port.
2. low-temperature space test device of thermal conductivity coefficient according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; described electric heating supercharging device comprises circular electrical-heating film, protection housing and electric wire; wherein; circular electrical-heating film is close to protection housing upper surface; protection housing is welded on low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container bottom centre and is provided with electric wire opening, and electric wire is crossed electric wire opening and is connected with programmable power supply.
3. low-temperature space test device of thermal conductivity coefficient according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described test is with being also provided with heat exchanger between gas cylinder and feed liquor motorized valve pipeline, and heat exchanger is connected with liquid nitrogen bottle by motorized valve.
4. low-temperature space test device of thermal conductivity coefficient according to claim 3, is characterized in that the one being equipped with in gas cylinder in liquid nitrogen, Krypton, R23 or R125 for described test.
5. according to the described low-temperature space of one of claim 1-4 test device of thermal conductivity coefficient, it is characterized in that, described gas concentration unit comprises buffer container and collection container, buffer container top is provided with the first air intake opening and first row gas port, first row gas port endpiece is provided with the second hand valve and the 3rd pressure transducer successively, collection container top is provided with the second air intake opening, and the second inlet port end is connected with the second pressure transducer and the 3rd hand valve successively, and the 3rd hand valve inlet end is provided with four-way; Endpiece, the second manual valve outlet port end of exhausr port are equipped with threeway, the endpiece of exhausr port is by threeway process pipeline, one tunnel the first hand valve docks with four-way, and dock with the first air intake opening through the first pressure transducer, pressure regulation motorized valve, the first retaining valve successively on a road; The second manual valve outlet port end is by threeway through pipeline, and dock with four-way through compressor on a road, and dock with four-way through the second retaining valve, vacuum pump successively on a road.
6. low-temperature space test device of thermal conductivity coefficient according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described low-temperature heat-insulation pressure container is according to heavy caliber liquid nitrogen container GB/T 14174-2012 standard manufacture.
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| WO2017152473A1 (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | System and method for testing thermophysical properties of rock under high pressure condition |
| CN112415045A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-26 | 武汉大学 | Device and method for measuring material thermal adaptation coefficient under low air pressure |
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| CN103969288B (en) | 2016-04-27 |
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