CN103967477A - Horizontal well parameter detection method based on conducting probe array and information fusion technique - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a horizontal well parameter detection method based on a conducting probe array and an information fusion technique. The method can be used for measuring multiple parameters of a medium-low yield liquid horizontal well at the same time. The method includes the steps that a sample set of output vectors of the conducting probe array is built through experiment calibration; the sample set is used for determining a conducting threshold value, and data of response vectors of the conducting probe array are preprocessed; the data of the preprocessed vectors are standardized; by the combination of an information fusion method based on a credibility function, similarity matching is conducted on the standardized data of the response vectors, and then matching samples are acquired; an estimated value of the height of an oil-water interface, an estimated value of an azimuth angle of the conducting probe array and an estimated value of an aqueous phase conductivity are obtained through the matching samples. The method has the advantages that the conducting probe array can be used for online measuring the height of the oil-water interface, the azimuth angle of the conducting probe array and the aqueous phase conductivity in the medium-low yield horizontal well at the same time, the defect of a conventional logging method in application to the horizontal well is overcome, measurement accuracy is high, and reliability is high.

Description

A kind of horizontal well parameter detection method based on conducting probe array and information fusion technology

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of horizontal well parameter detection method based on conducting probe array and information fusion technology, the multiple parameters that can be used in centering low production liquid horizontal well are measured simultaneously.

Background technology

Horizontal well technology is the new technology that China develops rapidly the late 20th century, due to having shown huge potentiality and advantage aspect raising output and development benefit, has obtained the generally attention in oil-gas field development field.In theory, in horizontal well, may occur oil-water stratified flow (ST), with oil-water stratified flow (ST & MI), oil-in-water and the water layer of interface fluctuation (Do/w & w), oil-in-water (o/w), Water-In-Oil and the multiple flow pattern such as oil-in-water (Dw/o & o/w) and Water-In-Oil (w/o).But requiring of every kind of flow pattern flow operating mode is different, stratified flow (ST) requires minimumly to production fluid amount, and Water-In-Oil flow pattern (w/o) is all very harsh to the requirement of production fluid amount and moisture content.Recent research result shows, if obtain above-mentioned whole flow patterns in the horizontal pipe that to want at internal diameter be 125mm, the adjustable range of total flow need cover 0～500m ³/ d, the adjustable range of moisture content need cover 0～90%.At present, most domestic oil field has entered low production fluid, high moisture mining period, and the oil well of some oil field, old liberated area ultra-high water-containing, special low production fluid is also very common.Each elephant at home, total fluid production is lower than 30m ³the low-yield liquid oil well of/d occupies certain ratio, and total fluid production is lower than 60m ³the share that in/d, low liquid producing well has overwhelming superiority.Therefore, above-mentioned flow pattern is not ubiquitous in the horizontal well of each elephant at home, and only have stratified flow (ST) and stratified-wavy flow (ST & MI) more common.

Because production profile logging adopts the metering system of intrusive mood, generally, the actual specific retention in area specific retention and well on apparatus measures cross section is not etc.In addition, obtain the separate phase flow rate of horizontal well profit two-phase, also need to understand the VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION of each phase fluid.Under normal circumstances, specific retention measurement mechanism and flow rate measuring device are installed on the diverse location of logger, and the specific retention that they are measured on cross section separately may not wait, but oil-water interfaces height is consistent.Therefore, solve the measurement problem of low production liquid horizontal well specific retention, be applicable to adopting indirect measurement strategies, first measure the height of oil water surface, then calculate specific retention according to the geometrical correspondence between oil-water interfaces height and specific retention.

Summary of the invention

In recent years, horizontal well drilling technology is day by day perfect, and most oil fields all have the horizontal well of higher proportion to come into operation.Though long-term exploitation has obtained certain economic benefit, the production status of horizontal well also becomes more unstable.Even there is moisture content fast rise in some oil wells, the phenomenon that oil production significantly declines.Under the condition of this complexity, traditional production profile measuring method is difficult to be applied directly in horizontal well.For profit two phase stratification stream, if oil-water interfaces height h is known, just can utilize the geometrical correspondence between oil-water interfaces height h and specific retention to calculate specific retention value.For realizing this purpose, this patent is for the flow pattern feature of middle low production liquid horizontal well, propose a kind of horizontal well parameter detection method in conjunction with conducting probe array and information fusion technology, can realize oil-water interfaces height h, when conducting probe array orientation angle θ and water conductivityσ, measured.This patent is characterised in that and comprises the following steps:

A. utilize calibration experiment to set up sample set S;

In the calibration process of sample set, keep water conductivityσ=σ _cconstant, adjust oil-water interfaces height h and conducting probe array orientation angle θ; Under different parameters combination (h, θ), the output response record of conducting probe array, in sample set S, and is labeled as to sample vector C ^s;

B. utilize sample set S to determine that electricity leads threshold value c _t;

Data arrangement in sample set S is become to an increasing sequence { c _n, the sequence of calculation { c _ndifference sequence { d _n, design formulas is:

d _n＝c _n+1-c _n，

In formula, c _nand c _n+1represent respectively sequence { c _nin sequence number be the element of n and n+1; Determine sequence { d _nin the sequence number k of greatest member, find out sequence { c _nin sequence number be respectively the element c of k and k+1 _kand c _k+1, and calculate electricity and lead threshold value c _t, design formulas is:

$c_t=\frac{c_k+c_{k+1}}{2};$

C. the data of conducting probe array response vector C are carried out to pretreatment, obtain pretreatment vector T;

Pretreated design formulas is:

$t_i=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{c}_i& c_i>c_t\\ 0& c_i\≤c_t\end{array}\right.,$

In formula, t _iand c _ibe respectively i element in vector T and vectorial C, c _tfor predefined electricity is led threshold value; The response vector C of conducting probe array can be sample vector C ^sor in-site measurement vector C ^m, corresponding pretreatment vector is respectively T ^sand T ^m;

Generally, the relative dielectric constant of crude oil is 3～5, even if conducting probe is immersed in oil completely, its output valve is also non-vanishing, but is slightly larger than zero.Because this output valve is very little, be difficult to accurately measure.In the response vector of conducting probe array, calculate if such component is more and all participate in follow-up matching degree, will inevitably disturb to a certain extent the accuracy of sample matches, and then affect final parameter Estimation result.In order to eliminate the impact of these components, before executing data coupling, need sample data and survey data to carry out threshold process.The Main Function of threshold process is by the state of concrete threshold decision conducting probe, be that probe still contacts with water in oil phase, and the probe response in oil is replaced with " 0 ", the real response of conducting probe array and its Mathematical Modeling are consistent.

D. the data of conducting probe array pretreatment vector T are carried out to standardization, obtain normalized response vector R;

Standardized design formulas is:

$r_i=\frac{t_i}{t_{\max }},$

In formula, r _iand t _ibe respectively i element in vector T and vectorial R, t _maxfor the greatest member in vector T; Vector T can be by sample vector C ^sor in-site measurement vector C ^mcalculate, corresponding standardized vector is respectively R ^sand R ^m;

In formation water, be rich in mineral matter, its electrical conductivity is not constant conventionally, but along with well depth, the gentle well of well are pressed and constantly changed.In the time that the salinity of formation water raises, in conducting probe array response vector, the absolute value of each component also can proportionally increase.Because the response vector of conducting probe array is directly proportional to water electrical conductivity, in calibration process, can keep water electrical conductivity constant.While measurement at the scene, can obtain by data normalization the normalized response of conducting probe array, the impact of the variation of elimination water electrical conductivity on data similarity matching.R is only relevant with oil-water interfaces height h and azimuth angle theta for normalized response vector; Data normalization has changed the absolute value of each component in vector T, but keeps the proportionate relationship between each component constant.

E. in conjunction with the information fusion method based on degree of belief function, the data of conducting probe array normalized response vector R are carried out to similarity matching, obtain matched sample M;

In sample set, finding out the sample consistent with the corresponding oil-water interfaces height of survey data and azimuth, is a data similarity matching problem.The similarity of data, refers to two similarity degrees between data object, and Data Matching is to carry out registration according to certain inner link between data.Carry out data similarity coupling, need to select suitable similarity measure function.In the time carrying out horizontal well parameter detecting, also need to consider the reliability of measuring method.Due to underground survey complicated condition, harshness, the fault rate of logger is conventionally very high.In the process of going into the well or in measuring process, as fruit part probe breaks down, the authenticity of survey data will be affected so.Like this, conventional similarity measure function can not meet the demands, but need to define a new similarity measure function:

$d_{\mathrm{fus}}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{24}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{w}_i{x}_i,$

In formula, x _i=| r _i ^s-r _i ^m|, w _ifor x _iweight coefficient, r _i ^sand r _i ^mbe respectively normalized response vector R ^sand R ^mi element; Matched sample M makes similarity measure function d in sample set S _fusget the sample of minimum value;

Weight coefficient w _ideterministic process as follows:

First, definition x _iand x _jbetween degree of belief function be:

$b_{\mathrm{ij}}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& |x_i-x_j|<M_1\\ \frac{e^{-|x_i-x_j|}-e^{-M_2}}{e^{-M_1}-e^{-M_2}}& M_1\&le;|x_i-x_j|<M_2\\ 0& |x_i-x_j|\&GreaterEqual;M_2\end{array}\right.,$

In formula, M ₂>M ₁>0;

Then, degree of breaking the wall of mistrust matrix B

$B=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{b}_{11}& b_{12}& \&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;& b_{1n}\\ b_{21}& b_{22}& \&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;& b_{2n}\\ \&CenterDot;& \&CenterDot;& & \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;& \&CenterDot;& & \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;& \&CenterDot;& & \&CenterDot;\\ b_{n1}& b_{n2}& \&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;& b_{\mathrm{nn}}\end{array}\right];$

Finally, determine the corresponding characteristic vector A of eigenvalue of maximum of matrix B, utilize vectorial A to calculate w _i, design formulas is:

$w_i=\frac{a_i}{\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{a}_j},$

In formula, a _iand a _jbe respectively i and j element in vectorial A;

F. utilize matched sample M to obtain estimated value h, θ and the σ of oil-water interfaces height, conducting probe array orientation angle and water electrical conductivity;

The estimated values theta at the estimated value h of oil-water interfaces height and conducting probe array orientation angle is respectively the corresponding oil-water interfaces height of matched sample M and conducting probe array orientation angle; The estimation values sigma of water electrical conductivity is:

$\mathrm{\&sigma;}=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{24}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{t}_i^m}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{24}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{m}_i}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^c,$

In formula, σ ^cfor the water electrical conductivity in calibration experiment, m _ifor i the component of matched sample M, for vector T ^mi element.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows oil-water interfaces height, conducting probe array orientation angle and the water electrical conductivity on-line measurement simultaneously that can utilize in conducting probe array centering low production liquid horizontal well.Made up the deficiency that conventional logging method is applied in horizontal well, certainty of measurement is high, good reliability.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the measurement sectional view of conducting probe array in detailed description of the invention, in figure: oil water surface (201), conducting probe (202), metal sleeve (203), apparatus wall (204), support arm (205);

Fig. 3 is the structure chart of experimental facilities in detailed description of the invention, in figure: water injection hole (301), measurement electrode (302), metallic cylinder (303), scale (304), switch switching circuit (305), hard ware measure circuit (306), host computer procedure (307).

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention, Fig. 2 is the measurement sectional view of conducting probe array in detailed description of the invention, conducting probe array is made up of 24 conducting probes (202) that are distributed in inside loop and outside loop, be arranged on respectively on the support arm (205) of 12 equal angles distributions, apparatus wall (204) is coaxial with horizontal well, for fixing and installation conducting probe; Horizontal well internal diameter is 125mm, and the external diameter of apparatus wall (204) is 50mm; The azimuth of conducting probe array is its angle turning over counterclockwise around axis, and specifies the initial orientation angle for conducting probe array showing in Fig. 2; In the time measuring, sleeve pipe (203) and apparatus wall (204) current potential equate, are considered to the ground of whole measuring system.Fig. 3 is the structure chart of experimental facilities in detailed description of the invention, and part of detecting is made up of metallic cylinder (303) and built-in concentric metal shaft, is used for respectively simulation oil well sleeve pipe and measuring apparatus outer wall, and length is 300mm.The reserved water injection hole (301) in top of metal cylinder is used for adjusting water level.One side of metal cylinder is provided with scale (304) and is used for reading water surface elevation; At opposite side, 24 measurement electrode (302) are installed, be used for analog electrical to lead probe array.Measurement electrode is connected to hard ware measure circuit (306) by switch switching circuit (305) successively gating, host computer procedure (307) is used for synchro switch commutation circuit and hard ware measure circuit, realizes collection and the storage of data.Existing accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention.

A. utilize calibration experiment to set up sample set S;

Because empty G&O has similar electrology characteristic, for ease of carrying out calibration experiment, in experiment, replace oil with air, utilize the oil water surface under gas-water interface face mould pseudo level well stratified flow condition.Utilize the symmetry of conducting probe array on geometry to simplify calibration process, azimuth angle theta only regulates within the scope of 0 °～15 °, and regulating step-length is 3 °; Under certain fixing azimuth, regulate the height of gas-water interface face in test pipeline section, increment of adjustment is 2% of test pipeline section diameter.In calibration process, use normal domestic tap water, electrical conductivity is 0.078S/m, under different parameters combination (h, θ), the output response record of conducting probe array, in sample set S, and is labeled as to sample vector C ^s.Because the quantity of electrode is 24, so the response vector of conducting probe array comprises 24 elements.

B. utilize sample set S to determine that electricity leads threshold value c _t;

To carry out threshold process to test data or sample data, first need definite electricity to lead threshold value c _t.Data arrangement in sample set S is become to an increasing sequence { c _n, the sequence of calculation { c _ndifference sequence { d _n, d _ndesign formulas be:

d _n＝c _n+1-c _n，

In formula, c _nand c _n+1represent respectively sequence { c _nin sequence number be the element of n and n+1; Determine sequence { d _nin the sequence number k of greatest member, find out sequence { c _nin sequence number be respectively the element c of k and k+1 _kand c _k+1, and calculate electricity and lead threshold value c _t, design formulas is:

$c_t=\frac{c_k+c_{k+1}}{2};$

According to calculating, finally determine c _t=1.32 × 10 ^-5s.

C. the response vector C of conducting probe array is carried out to data pretreatment, obtain pretreatment vector T;

The pretreated design formulas of data is:

$t_i=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{c}_i& c_i>c_t\\ 0& c_i\&le;c_t\end{array}\right.,$

In formula, t _iand c _ibe respectively i element in vector T and vectorial C, c _tfor predefined electricity is led threshold value; The response vector C of conducting probe array can be sample vector C ^sor in-site measurement vector C ^m, corresponding pretreatment vector is respectively T ^sand T ^m.

D. the pretreatment vector T of conducting probe array is carried out to data normalization, obtain normalized response vector R;

The design formulas of data normalization is:

$r_i=\frac{t_i}{t_{\max }},$

In formula, r _iand t _ibe respectively i element in vector T and vectorial R, t _maxfor the greatest member in vector T; Vector T can be by sample vector C ^sor in-site measurement vector C ^mcalculate, corresponding standardized vector is respectively R ^sand R ^m;

E. the normalized response vector R of conducting probe array is carried out to data similarity coupling, obtain matched sample M;

Definition similarity measure function is:

$d_{\mathrm{fus}}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{24}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{w}_i{x}_i,$

In formula, x _i=| r _i ^s-r _i ^m|, w _ifor x _iweight coefficient, r _i ^sand r _i ^mbe respectively normalized response vector R ^sand R ^mi element; Matched sample M makes similarity measure function d in sample set S _fusget the sample of minimum value;

Weight coefficient w _ideterministic process as follows:

First, definition x _iand x _jbetween degree of belief be:

$b_{\mathrm{ij}}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& |x_i-x_j|<M_1\\ \frac{e^{-|x_i-x_j|}-e^{-M_2}}{e^{-M_1}-e^{-M_2}}& M_1\&le;|x_i-x_j|<M_2\\ 0& |x_i-x_j|\&GreaterEqual;M_2\end{array}\right.,$

In formula, M ₂>M ₁>0;

Then, degree of breaking the wall of mistrust matrix B

$B=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{b}_{11}& b_{12}& \&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;& b_{1n}\\ b_{21}& b_{22}& \&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;& b_{2n}\\ \&CenterDot;& \&CenterDot;& & \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;& \&CenterDot;& & \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;& \&CenterDot;& & \&CenterDot;\\ b_{n1}& b_{n2}& \&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;& b_{\mathrm{nn}}\end{array}\right];$

Finally, determine the corresponding characteristic vector A of eigenvalue of maximum of matrix B, utilize vectorial A to calculate w _i, design formulas is:

$w_i=\frac{a_i}{\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{a}_j},$

In formula, a _iand a _jbe respectively i and j element in vectorial A;

F. utilize matched sample M to obtain estimated value h, θ and the σ of oil-water interfaces height, conducting probe array orientation angle and water electrical conductivity;

The estimated values theta at the estimated value h of oil-water interfaces height and conducting probe array orientation angle is respectively the corresponding oil-water interfaces height of matched sample M and conducting probe array orientation angle; The estimation values sigma of water electrical conductivity is:

$\mathrm{\&sigma;}=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{24}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{t}_i^m}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{24}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{m}_i}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^c,$

In formula, σ ^cfor the water electrical conductivity in calibration experiment, m _ifor i the component of matched sample M, for vector T ^mi element.Test result show the error of h, θ and σ be respectively 2.00%, 3.00 °, 1.89%, illustrate that the method is feasible, has higher certainty of measurement and reliability.

Description to the present invention and embodiment thereof, is not limited to this above, is only one of embodiments of the present invention shown in accompanying drawing.In the situation that not departing from the invention aim, design and the similar structure of this technical scheme or embodiment without creating, all belong to protection domain of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the horizontal well parameter detection method based on conducting probe array and information fusion technology, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

A. utilize calibration experiment to set up sample set S;

In the calibration process of sample set, keep water conductivityσ=σ _cconstant, adjust oil-water interfaces height h and conducting probe array orientation angle θ; Under different parameters combination (h, θ), the output response record of conducting probe array, in sample set S, and is labeled as to sample vector C ^s;

B. utilize sample set S to determine that electricity leads threshold value c _t;

Data arrangement in sample set S is become to an increasing sequence { c _n, the sequence of calculation { c _ndifference sequence { d _n, design formulas is:

d _n＝c _n+1-c _n，

In formula, c _nand c _n+1represent respectively sequence { c _nin sequence number be the element of n and n+1; Determine sequence { d _nin the sequence number k of greatest member, find out sequence { c _nin sequence number be respectively the element c of k and k+1 _kand c _k+1, and calculate electricity and lead threshold value c _t, design formulas is:

$c_t=\frac{c_k+c_{k+1}}{2};$

C. the data of conducting probe array response vector C are carried out to pretreatment, obtain pretreatment vector T;

Pretreated design formulas is:

$t_i=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{c}_i& c_i>c_t\\ 0& c_i\&le;c_t\end{array}\right.,$

In formula, t _iand c _ibe respectively i element in vector T and vectorial C, c _tfor predefined electricity is led threshold value; The response vector C of conducting probe array can be sample vector C ^sor in-site measurement vector C ^m, corresponding pretreatment vector is respectively T ^sand T ^m;

D. the data of conducting probe array pretreatment vector T are carried out to standardization, obtain normalized response vector R;

Standardized design formulas is:

(formula (1))

In formula, r _iand t _ibe respectively i element in vector T and vectorial R, t _maxfor the greatest member in vector T; Vector T can be by sample vector C ^sor in-site measurement vector C ^mcalculate, corresponding standardized vector is respectively R ^sand R ^m;

E. in conjunction with the information fusion method based on degree of belief function, the data of conducting probe array normalized response vector R are carried out to similarity matching, obtain matched sample M;

Definition similarity measure function is:

$d_{\mathrm{fus}}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{24}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{w}_i{x}_i,$

In formula, x _i=| r _i ^s-r _i ^m|, w _ifor x _iweight coefficient, r _i ^sand r _i ^mbe respectively normalized response vector R ^sand R ^mi element; Matched sample M makes similarity measure function d in sample set S _fusget the sample of minimum value;

Weight coefficient w _ideterministic process as follows:

First, definition x _iand x _jbetween degree of belief function be:

$b_{\mathrm{ij}}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& |x_i-x_j|<M_1\\ \frac{e^{-|x_i-x_j|}-e^{-M_2}}{e^{-M_1}-e^{-M_2}}& M_1\&le;|x_i-x_j|<M_2\\ 0& |x_i-x_j|\&GreaterEqual;M_2\end{array}\right.,$

In formula, M ₂>M ₁>0;

Then, degree of breaking the wall of mistrust matrix B is as follows:

$B=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{b}_{11}& b_{12}& \&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;& b_{1n}\\ b_{21}& b_{22}& \&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;& b_{2n}\\ \&CenterDot;& \&CenterDot;& & \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;& \&CenterDot;& & \&CenterDot;\\ \&CenterDot;& \&CenterDot;& & \&CenterDot;\\ b_{n1}& b_{n2}& \&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;& b_{\mathrm{nn}}\end{array}\right];$

Finally, determine the corresponding characteristic vector A of eigenvalue of maximum of matrix B, utilize vectorial A to calculate w _i, design formulas is:

$w_i=\frac{a_i}{\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{a}_j},$

In formula, a _iand a _jbe respectively i and j element in vectorial A;

F. utilize matched sample M to obtain estimated value h, θ and the σ of oil-water interfaces height, conducting probe array orientation angle and water electrical conductivity;

The estimated values theta at the estimated value h of oil-water interfaces height and conducting probe array orientation angle is respectively the corresponding oil-water interfaces height of matched sample M and conducting probe array orientation angle; The estimation values sigma of water electrical conductivity is:

$\mathrm{\&sigma;}=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{24}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{t}_i^m}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{24}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{m}_i}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^c,$

In formula, σ ^cfor the water electrical conductivity in calibration experiment, m _ifor i the component of matched sample M, for vector T ^mi element.