CN103966622A - Method for realizing separation of potassium-rich solution through hydrochloric acid coproduced by utilizing membrane electrolysis technology to mineralize CO2 - Google Patents
Method for realizing separation of potassium-rich solution through hydrochloric acid coproduced by utilizing membrane electrolysis technology to mineralize CO2 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103966622A CN103966622A CN201410178786.6A CN201410178786A CN103966622A CN 103966622 A CN103966622 A CN 103966622A CN 201410178786 A CN201410178786 A CN 201410178786A CN 103966622 A CN103966622 A CN 103966622A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing separation of a potassium-rich solution through hydrochloric acid coproduced by utilizing membrane electrolysis technology to mineralize CO2. According to the method, diluted hydrochloric acid is added into an anodic area formed by using an anion exchange membrane to separate, the potassium-rich solution containing calcium chloride is added into the cathodic area, direct current is applied between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, and chloride ions in a catholyte permeate the anion exchange membrane to reach the anodic area under the action of current, so as to combine with hydrogen ions, generated on the anode electrode through hydrogen oxidation, to generate hydrochloric acid; carbon dioxide is pumped into the catholyte to enable the carbon dioxide to be converted into carbonate, so as to enable the carbonate and calcium ions to generate a calcium carbonate precipitation, the hydrogen ions in the catholyte is reduced to be hydrogen on the cathode electrode, the calcium carbonate precipitation is removed out after the electrolysis reaction is completed, the precipitation is filtered and dried to obtain a high-purity calcium carbonate, and the filtrate is potassium chloride solution subjected to purification. According to the method, the mineralization of the carbon CO2 is realized under the conditions of low consumption and high raw material utilization, the production of the high-purity calcium carbonate is realized, and the separation of potassium ions and calcium ions in the potassium-rich solution is realized at the same time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mineralising and reduce discharging CO
2method, particularly a kind of film electrolysis tech mineralising CO that adopts
2co-production of hydrochloric also makes the method that in rich potassium solution, calcium chloride is separated.
Technical background
Climate warming has been the mathematical fact, and more than 90% possibility is that mankind's activity causes.CO in global atmosphere
2mass concentration is by 280 × 10 before industrial age
-6increase to 2005 379 × 10
-6.The Global Emissions of Greenhouse Gas producing due to mankind's activity increases gradually, causes Global Temperature to raise, sea-level rise, and haze weather is more and more, serious harm people's existence.In global range, must reduce every year by 6,000,000,000 tCO
2discharge just can prevent global warming.Atmosphere " Greenhouse effect " and global warming are by the maximum environmental problem that is 21 century facing mankind.The mankind produce and directly discharge a large amount of CO in energy resource system
2it is the major cause that causes this phenomenon.No matter from environment protection or the angle of save energy, the CO to discharge in worldwide
2catching utilization (CCU) is very important.CCU is a kind of by CO
2utilize as resource, be translated into chemical products with high added-value and then realize CO
2utilize and the method reducing discharging.
Potash fertilizer is for the China that has world population 1/4th, significant.China is the country of a potassium deficiency, 0.29% of the water-soluble potassium ore resource Jin Zhan world.Approximately 80% potash fertilizer import interdependency is obviously unfavorable for the Sustainable development of China's agricultural.China's potash fertilizer demand is always with the speed increment higher than nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and China's potash fertilizer demand is about 1,000 ten thousand tons/a in recent years, approximately has 7,000,000 tons of needs imports.In recent years potash fertilizer import volume with annual higher than more than 4% speed increase.China is one of country of world's sylvite consumption and import dependency degree maximum, and potash fertilizer consumption accounts for 20% of world's total amount consumed.Import potash fertilizer price decision domestic price, has restricted agriculture steady progression to a great extent.But China's insoluble potassium ore stone aboundresources, China's potassium felspar sand mineral resources reaches 60 at present, and its reserves approximately reach 79.14 hundred million t, be converted to potassium oxide reserves be about 9.20 hundred million t by average content.Can at least meet China's potash fertilizer demand 100 years if obtain reasonably exploitation utilization.
Contriver has successively developed " the CO of the rich potassium solution of coproduction
2mineralising method ", " CO of the rich potassium solution of pyroprocess coproduction
2mineralising method " and " CO of the rich potassium solution of catalysis method coproduction
2mineralising method ", at CO
2in mineralisation process, the rich potassium solution of coproduction, is CO
2mineralising reduces discharging and contribution has been made in the production of potash fertilizer.Chinese invention patent has been applied for and be awarded to these methods.But contain a large amount of unreacted calcium chloride in the rich potassium solution that utilizes calcium chloride to make to extract as auxiliary agent, be even several times as much as the content of the potassium extracting.If do not carried out potassium, calcium separation, not only greatly reduce the efficiency of potash fertilizer, and cause waste and the secondary pollution of a large amount of calcium chloride, indirectly strengthen the cost of putting forward potassium process.Too much calcium chloride can make soil compaction, and the water-soluble soil meeting polluted underground water that enters of simultaneously a large amount of calcium chloride, causes ground water hardness to uprise.The degradation time of salinity in soil reaches more than ten years, for a long time plant, soil caused damage.
Traditional potassium, calcium separation method have chemical precipitation method, solvent extration, ion exchange method, phase separation method etc.The ultimate principle of solvent extration is to utilize the difference of potassium at extraction agent phase and water partition ratio, realize to reach enrichment the object that potassium calcium separates, the extraction agents such as the mixture of poly-cyclic ethers, organic acid and phenol, primary isoamyl alcohol, propyl carbinol, large acyclic polyether all have research, but all, because of cost and the rate of recovery problem of extraction agent, be difficult to reach industrial requirement.The ultimate principle of chemical precipitation method is the characteristic according to solubleness, select suitable precipitation agent that insoluble sylvite is separated out from high calcium bittern, research to potassium precipitation agent both at home and abroad, such as hexyl, phosphoric acid salt, Tetraphenyl sodium borate all because Financial cost problem is difficult to be applied, in addition some toxicity precipitation agent can cause secondary pollution to water quality, increases the intractability in later stage.Phase separation method is the Changing Pattern balancing each other during by temperature variation, obtains object product by changing temperature, is one of at present the most frequently used method, but being separated in evaporative process, energy consumption is large, and the power-saving technology of system is had relatively high expectations.Ion exchange method has application prospect because equipment is simple, with low cost, however according to the research of lot of domestic and foreign researcher, though the exchange capacity of exchange resin is large, poor selectivity.Utilize zeolite etc. as sorbing material, also have the problems such as effective exchange capacity is low, potassium enrichment multiplying power is low., all there is to some extent the difficult problem because of the industrial application such as cost is high or treatment capacity is little in the potassium of prior art, calcium separation method.Therefore need to develop a kind of new potassium, calcium separation method, make extracting potassium from potash feldspar technique there is practice and be worth.The meaning that effectively potassium, calcium separate simultaneously is also to realize the comprehensive utilization of multielement Mineral resources, and along with some high-technology fields propose the constantly poor of higher requirement and resource to quality product, in production of inorganic, potassium, calcium separate and seems extremely important.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing for prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide one to pass through CO
2mineralising realizes the new mode of potassium, calcium separation---and utilize film electrolysis tech mineralising CO2 co-production of hydrochloric to realize the method that rich potassium solution separates, the problem such as the cost that existing potassium, calcium sepn process faces is high to solve, inferior separating effect, treatment capacity are little, thereby after realizing extracting potassium from potash feldspar, isolate purer Repone K, at mineralising CO
2co-production of hydrochloric when producing high-purity calcium carbonate, and then utilize efficiently extracting potassium from potash feldspar liquid mineralising CO
2and K in potassium liquid is carried in separation
+, Ca
2+two kinds of elements, to reach the deep development utilization of mineral wealth and effective separating-purifying potassium, calcium constituent.
Basic ideas of the present invention are by CO
2mineralising is combined with the method for film electrolysis, realizes separating of mineralization product calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid by film electrolysis in promoting reaction to carry out, and finally separates insoluble product calcium carbonate, and then realizes and carry K in potassium liquid
+, Ca
2+separation, multiple reaction process are incorporated to same reaction system, under low voltage normal temperature and pressure, utilize and carry the calcium carbonate of potassium liquid high-purity, when reclaiming chlorion output hydrochloric acid, realize the separation of carrying potassium, calcium constituent in potassium liquid.Producing respectively in the process of calcium carbonate, hydrochloric acid and Repone K, do not produce the High-efficient Production process of any three wastes.
What the present invention proposed utilizes film electrolysis tech mineralising CO2 co-production of hydrochloric to realize the method that rich potassium solution separates, its scheme mainly comprises: anion-exchange membrane is placed in to electrolyzer, electrolyzer is divided into positive column and two, cathodic area part, positive column adds dilute hydrochloric acid as anolyte, cathodic area add the rich potassium solution that contains calcium chloride as catholyte simultaneously as electrolytic reaction raw material, between anode electrode and cathode electrode, apply direct supply, in catholyte, free-pouring chlorion sees through anion-exchange membrane and arrives positive column under galvanic action, the hydrogen ion generating with oxidation of hydrogen on anode electrode is combined in positive column and is generated hydrochloric acid, after rising to setting concentration, positive column concentration of hydrochloric acid shifts out reaction product, carbon dioxide is passed into cathodic area simultaneously, the carbon dioxide conversion entering in catholyte is carbonate, generate precipitation of calcium carbonate with the calcium ion in catholyte, hydrogen ion in catholyte is reduced to hydrogen on cathode electrode, the precipitation of calcium carbonate after electrolytic reaction completes, cathodic area being produced shifts out, after filtration, oven dry obtains high-purity calcium carbonate, filtrate is the Klorvess Liquid after purifying simultaneously.
In technique scheme, it is the hydrochloric acid soln of 0.05mol/L~5mol/L that described anolyte is preferentially selected concentration.
In technique scheme, described catholyte can be the product solution after extracting potassium from potash feldspar, or is the extract solution of bittern, seawater; Preferentially select the rich potassium solution of calcium potassium ion total concn in 0.1mol/L~10mol/L scope; Further preferentially select the rich potassium solution that calcium chloride and Repone K ratio are 1:0.1~1:10.
In technique scheme, described cathode electrode material preferable alloy platinum, palladium metal or metallic nickel, or their alloy etc.
In technique scheme, for by oxidation of hydrogen being hydrionic described anode electrode preferred gas diffusion anode electrode; Be preferably hydrogen diffusion anode electrode; Further preferred negative is loaded with the gas diffusion anode electrode of Pt/C catalyzer; Particularly preferably Pt/C charge capacity is 0.1-2.0mg/cm
2gas diffusion anode electrode.
In technique scheme, generate hydrionic hydrogen in anode electrode oxidation and can utilize the hydrogen of negative electrode generation to originate as hydrogen; Come from the hydrogen that cathode electrode produces and preferably enter into anode electrode through hydrogen gas buffer.Certainly, hydrogen also can come from other place.
In technique scheme, utilize hydrogen that negative electrode produces hydrogen when source as anodic gas diffusion electrode, the rich potassium solution and the CO that contain calcium chloride
2there is mineralising reaction as follows:
CaCl
2+CO
2+H
2O→CaCO
3↓+2HCl (1)
Calculation of thermodynamics shows, reaction (1) Gibbs free energy (Δ G) under standard state (20 DEG C, 1atm) is 60.65kJ/mol (>0kJ/mol).This means this CO of utilization
2mineralising realizes K
+, Ca
2+the chemical process separating can not spontaneously be carried out.
What the present invention proposed utilizes film electrolysis tech mineralising CO2 co-production of hydrochloric to realize the method that rich potassium solution separates, and breaks molecular balance using electric energy as external energy, utilizes weakly acidic CO
2produce highly acid hydrochloric acid, anion-exchange membrane is separated the calcium carbonate of generation and hydrochloric acid simultaneously, simultaneously due to CO
2mineralising has generated calcium carbonate solid, has indirectly realized K in rich potassium solution by filtering calcium carbonate solid
+, Ca
2+separation, solved that the cost that traditional potassium, calcium sepn process faces is high, the problem such as inferior separating effect, treatment capacity are little., only need the voltage of 0.5V just can react under certain condition, realized at CO
2when mineralising is utilized, carry out potassium, calcium separation low-energy-consumption high-efficiency.
The present invention proposed " taking potassium felspar sand as raw material, to add calcium chloride to react, destroy the stable crystalline structure of potassium felspar sand, generate active wollastonite and silicoaluminate calcium salt, simultaneously the rich potassium solution of output chloride containing calcium before contriver.Then add water and pass into CO as raw material taking the solid that contains wollastonite and silicoaluminate calcium salt generating
2thereby reaction generates calcium carbonate solidifies CO
2technique " basis on, by unreacted calcium chloride and CO in rich potassium liquid
2the rich potassium liquid that carries out having purified when mineralising reaction output has the high-purity calcium carbonate of high added value and hydrochloric acid, has not only solved the later separation problem of utilizing potassium feldspar to extract soluble potassium, and has utilized calcium chloride mineralising CO
2make raw material calcium chloride be able to complete reaction, when avoiding wastage of material, strengthened CO
2mineralising amount.The present invention contributes to solve China CO
2reduce discharging a difficult problem, efficient Potassic fertilizer resources is provided again.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 utilizes film electrolysis tech mineralising CO2 co-production of hydrochloric to realize the method schematic diagram that rich potassium solution separates.Shown by reference numeral in accompanying drawing is respectively: 1-anode electrode; 2-anion-exchange membrane; 3-cathode electrode; The rich potassium solution storage tank of 4-; 5-hydrogen gas buffer; 6-liquid-solid separator.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.It is important to point out; following examples are only for the present invention is described further; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention; affiliated art skilled staff is according to foregoing invention content; the present invention is made to some nonessential improvement and adjustment is specifically implemented; be very easy to accomplish, therefore, such improvement should still belong to protection scope of the present invention with adjustment.
Embodiment 1
The mineralisation process of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 1.Electrolyzer is by only allowing negatively charged ion to see through and can stoping the anion-exchange membrane 2 that positively charged ion sees through to be divided into positive column, Liang Ge region, cathodic area.The HCl solution that adds 0.3mol/L in anode electrolytic tank as anolyte, be that 1mol/L, the potassium chloride concentration rich potassium solution that is 1.2mol/L is as catholyte and be electrolytic reaction raw material by rich potassium solution storage tank 4 to adding calcium chloride concentration in cathode electrolytic cell.Adopt gas diffusion electrode as anode electrode 1, adopt metallic nickel electrode as cathode electrode 3.By CO
2gas passes into cathodic area from bottom of electrolytic tank in bubbling mode, surge tank 5 is collected and entered to the hydrogen that cathode electrode is produced, passing into gas diffusion electrode from the hydrogen in surge tank, is that 1.2V, temperature of reaction are about under the condition of 30 DEG C at voltage, carries out electrolytic reaction 1h left and right.Reaction generates and contains CO
2calcium carbonate solid.After drying after filtration, obtain high-purity calcium carbonate at approximately 120 DEG C.The current efficiency of producing calcium carbonate is 89%.Rise to 1.2mol/L in the HCl of positive column concentration, Ca in filtrate simultaneously
2+concentration is down to 0.04mol/L, and deliming rate is up to 96%.
Embodiment 2
The mineralisation process of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 1.Electrolyzer is by only allowing negatively charged ion to see through, and can stop the anion-exchange membrane 2 that positively charged ion sees through to be divided into cloudy two regions of sun.The HCl solution that adds 0.5mol/L in anode electrolytic tank as anolyte, adding calcium chloride concentration is that 2mol/L, the potassium chloride concentration rich potassium solution that is 1mol/L is as catholyte and be electrolytic reaction raw material.Adopt hydrogen diffusion electrode as anode electrode 1, adopt metallic nickel electrode as cathode electrode 3.By CO
2gas passes into cathodic area at bottom of electrolytic tank bubbling, surge tank 5 is collected and entered to the hydrogen that cathode electrode is produced, passing into gas diffusion electrode from the hydrogen in surge tank, is that 1.5V, temperature of reaction are about under the condition of 50 DEG C at voltage, carries out electrolytic reaction 1h left and right.Reaction generates and contains CO
2calcium carbonate solid.After drying after filtration, obtain high-purity calcium carbonate at approximately 120 DEG C.The current efficiency of producing calcium carbonate is 92%.Rise to 1.9mol/L in the HCl of positive column concentration, Ca in filtrate simultaneously
2+concentration is down to 0.06mol/L, and deliming rate is up to 97%.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is utilized film electrolysis tech mineralising CO
2co-production of hydrochloric is realized the method that rich potassium solution separates, it is characterized in that: anion-exchange membrane is placed in to electrolyzer, electrolyzer is divided into positive column and two, cathodic area part, positive column adds dilute hydrochloric acid as anolyte, cathodic area add the rich potassium solution that contains calcium chloride as catholyte simultaneously as electrolytic reaction raw material, between anode electrode and cathode electrode, apply direct supply, in catholyte, free-pouring chlorion sees through anion-exchange membrane and arrives positive column under galvanic action, the hydrogen ion generating with oxidation of hydrogen on anode electrode is combined in positive column and is generated hydrochloric acid, after rising to setting concentration, positive column concentration of hydrochloric acid shifts out reaction product, carbon dioxide is passed into cathodic area simultaneously, the carbon dioxide conversion entering in catholyte is carbonate, generate precipitation of calcium carbonate with the calcium ion in catholyte, hydrogen ion in catholyte is reduced to hydrogen on cathode electrode, the precipitation of calcium carbonate after electrolytic reaction completes, cathodic area being produced shifts out, after filtration, oven dry obtains high-purity calcium carbonate, filtrate is the Klorvess Liquid after purifying simultaneously.
2. the film electrolysis tech mineralising CO that utilizes according to claim 1
2co-production of hydrochloric is realized the method that rich potassium solution separates, and it is characterized in that: described anolyte is the hydrochloric acid soln of 0.05mol/L~5mol/L concentration.
3. the film electrolysis tech mineralising CO that utilizes according to claim 1
2co-production of hydrochloric is realized the method that rich potassium solution separates, and it is characterized in that: described catholyte is the rich potassium solution of calcium potassium ion total concn in 0.1mol/L~10mol/L scope.
4. the film electrolysis tech mineralising CO that utilizes according to claim 1
2co-production of hydrochloric is realized the method that rich potassium solution separates, and it is characterized in that: the hydrogen of described anode electrode oxidation comes from the hydrogen that cathode electrode produces.
5. the film electrolysis tech mineralising CO that utilizes according to claim 4
2co-production of hydrochloric is realized the method that rich potassium solution separates, and it is characterized in that: come from the hydrogen that cathode electrode produces and enter into anode electrode through hydrogen gas buffer.
6. according to utilizing film electrolysis tech mineralising CO one of claim 1 to 5 Suo Shu
2co-production of hydrochloric is realized the method that rich potassium solution separates, and it is characterized in that: described for being that hydrionic anode electrode is gas diffusion anode electrode by oxidation of hydrogen.
7. the film electrolysis tech mineralising CO that utilizes according to claim 6
2co-production of hydrochloric is realized the method that rich potassium solution separates, and it is characterized in that described gas diffusion anode electrode is the gas diffusion anode electrode that load has Pt/C catalyzer, and Pt/C charge capacity is 0.1-2.0mg/cm
2.
8. according to utilizing film electrolysis tech mineralising CO one of claim 1 to 5 Suo Shu
2co-production of hydrochloric is realized the method that rich potassium solution separates, and it is characterized in that: described cathode electrode material is metal platinum, palladium metal or metallic nickel, or their alloy.
9. according to utilizing film electrolysis tech mineralising CO one of claim 1 to 6 Suo Shu
2co-production of hydrochloric is realized the method that rich potassium solution separates, and it is characterized in that: described rich potassium solution is extracting potassium from potash feldspar after product, or is the extract of bittern, seawater.
10. according to utilizing film electrolysis tech mineralising CO one of claim 1 to 6 Suo Shu
2co-production of hydrochloric is realized the method that rich potassium solution separates, and it is characterized in that: in described rich potassium solution, the ratio of calcium chloride and Repone K is 1:0.1 – 1:10.
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CN104477950A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-01 | 四川大学 | Method for preparing high-purity alkaline magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate by means of CO2 mineralization of dolomite |
CN106757119A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | One kind is for realizing CO2The electro-chemical systems that capture is sealed up for safekeeping with mineralising |
CN107459054A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-12-12 | 武汉华科天元环保科技有限公司 | A kind of desulfurization wastewater technique of zero discharge using carbon dioxide process |
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CN108796544A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-13 | 四川大学 | A kind of electrochemistry mineralising CO2Prepare the devices and methods therefor of magnesium carbonate |
CN113874099A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-12-31 | 加州大学评议会 | Basic cation enrichment and water electrolysis to provide CO2Mineralization and global scale carbon management |
CN115594313A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-01-13 | 青岛理工大学(Cn) | System for hardness removal and synchronous carbon fixation of wastewater in polycrystalline silicon industry and treatment method of wastewater in polycrystalline silicon industry |
CN116969495A (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-10-31 | 重庆驭能电化工设备有限责任公司 | Method for promoting wollastonite to produce white carbon black and calcium carbonate by air-driven membrane electrolysis technology |
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CN104477950A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-01 | 四川大学 | Method for preparing high-purity alkaline magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate by means of CO2 mineralization of dolomite |
CN106757119A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | One kind is for realizing CO2The electro-chemical systems that capture is sealed up for safekeeping with mineralising |
CN106757119B (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2019-02-26 | 大连理工大学 | One kind is for realizing CO2The electro-chemical systems that capture is sealed up for safekeeping with mineralising |
CN107459054A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-12-12 | 武汉华科天元环保科技有限公司 | A kind of desulfurization wastewater technique of zero discharge using carbon dioxide process |
CN108736052A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-11-02 | 四川大学 | It is a kind of to enhance CO using riboflavin2The method and its battery of mineralising battery electricity generation performance |
CN108796544A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-13 | 四川大学 | A kind of electrochemistry mineralising CO2Prepare the devices and methods therefor of magnesium carbonate |
CN113874099A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-12-31 | 加州大学评议会 | Basic cation enrichment and water electrolysis to provide CO2Mineralization and global scale carbon management |
CN115594313A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-01-13 | 青岛理工大学(Cn) | System for hardness removal and synchronous carbon fixation of wastewater in polycrystalline silicon industry and treatment method of wastewater in polycrystalline silicon industry |
CN116969495A (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-10-31 | 重庆驭能电化工设备有限责任公司 | Method for promoting wollastonite to produce white carbon black and calcium carbonate by air-driven membrane electrolysis technology |
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