CN103964887B - High mechanical strength foamed ceramic material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High mechanical strength foamed ceramic material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103964887B
CN103964887B CN201410182360.8A CN201410182360A CN103964887B CN 103964887 B CN103964887 B CN 103964887B CN 201410182360 A CN201410182360 A CN 201410182360A CN 103964887 B CN103964887 B CN 103964887B
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foam
ceramic material
mechanical strength
plastics
polymeric foam
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CN103964887A (en
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张劲松
杨振明
田冲
曹小明
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of foamed ceramic materials, in particular to a high mechanical strength foamed ceramic material provided with a circular centre hole or a suborbicular centre hole and a preparation method of the high mechanical strength foamed ceramic material. The preparation method adopts a soluble high-molecular polymer cladding method to make a cross section shape of a rib body of the high-molecular foamed plastic transformed from a triangle to a circle; the circular high-molecular foamed plastic is taken as a precursor, and the foamed ceramic material obtained finally is provided with the circular centre hole or the suborbicular centre hole. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an additional coating on the surface of the high-molecular foamed plastic; modifying the triangular rib of the high-molecular foamed plastic to be circular or suborbicular; utilizing the circular high-molecular foamed plastic as the precursor; adopting a cloning method to obtain the foamed ceramic material of which the centre hole is circular or suborbicular. Compared with the mechanical strength of the same material with a triangular centre hole, the mechanical strength of the foamed silicon carbide ceramic is obviously improved. Therefore, the service life of the material can be effectively prolonged.

Description

A kind of high mechanical strength foam ceramic material and preparation method thereof
Technical field:
The present invention relates to foam ceramic material field, be specially a kind of high mechanical strength foam ceramic material with circle or subcircular centre hole and preparation method thereof.
Background technology:
Properties of SiC foam ceramics material not only has excellent anticorrosive, the material behavior such as resistance to high temperature oxidation, high thermal conductivity, low bulk, unreactiveness, also has the constitutional featuress such as three-dimensional UNICOM, heat and mass transfer performance be good, because of but desirable structured supports material.
In current foam silicon carbon production technology, the technology of most cost performance, most large-scale industrial production prospect copies the method for forming.The technical characteristics of the method take polymeric foamed material as presoma, one deck slip is wrapped up at surface uniform, by pyroprocessing, polymeric foam is removed afterwards, just can obtain and the identical carbon foams of former polymeric foam structure, allow silicon and carbon foams react afterwards under certain condition, just can obtain foam silicon carbon.The properties of SiC foam ceramics material being Template preparation with original foam plastics, copying in moulding process, due to the trilateral muscle cross section that the intrinsic preparation technology of polymeric foam plastics is formed, determine at polymeric foam after high temperature is removed, left centre hole necessarily has the sharp-pointed drift angle triangle center hole (see Fig. 1 a, Fig. 2) of same shape with polymeric foam plastics.The centre hole of this shape, when bearing internal stress or external force, is easy to form high stress concentrations point at places such as drift angles, thus causes material namely the phenomenons such as fracture or fragmentation to occur under less pressure.Copy the technical characterstic of the method for forming, determine the certainty that centre hole exists.So, eliminate or alleviate the negative impact of centre hole to material mechanical performance, have two kinds of methods: a kind of method can be considered to clog centre hole in subsequent step, even eliminate centre hole, but technique is more complicated to reducing; The opposing party's rule can consider the shape changing centre hole, and make it become circular or subcircular, eliminate the sharp-pointed drift angle of former centre hole, according to mechanics principle, this processing mode also can reach reduction stress concentration, extends the object in materials'use life-span.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high mechanical strength foam ceramic material and preparation method thereof, solve existing foam ceramic material triangle center hole when bearing internal stress or external force, be easy to form high stress concentrations point at places such as drift angles, thus cause material namely the problems such as fracture or fragmentation to occur under less pressure.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of high mechanical strength foam ceramic material, adopt soluble high molecular polymers coated method that the muscle body shape of cross section of polymeric foam plastics is transformed to circle by trilateral, do presoma with the polymeric foam plastics after sphering, the final foam ceramic material obtained has circular or rotund centre hole.
Described high mechanical strength foam ceramic material, foam ceramic material is the inorganic materials such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, mullite or trichroite.
Described high mechanical strength foam ceramic material preparation method, additional coatings is prepared at polymeric foam frosting, the trilateral muscle of polymeric foam plastics is modified to circle or subcircular, presoma is done with this polymeric foam plastics after sphering, adopt transfer printing to obtain foam ceramic material, its centre hole presents circle or subcircular.
Described high mechanical strength foam ceramic material preparation method, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) soluble high-molecular resin is dissolved in distilled water or organic solvent, forms the resin solution that concentration is 10 ~ 100 grams per liters;
(2) polymeric foam plastics are fully soaked in above-mentioned solution, guarantee that resin solution and each region of polymeric foam plastics all realize complete wetting, take out after soaking 1 ~ 3min, and blow away surplus liquid with pressurized air;
(3) dried between 50 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C by the polymeric foam plastics after immersion, can obtain macromolecule resin coating at polymeric foam frosting like this, due to the existence of this coating, the trilateral muscle of polymeric foam plastics obtains preliminary sphering;
(4) repeat above-mentioned 2), 3) step, until macromolecule resin coating reaches certain thickness, can meet the demands to the sphering of triangle muscle, until the gain in weight of polymeric foam plastics reaches 2 ~ 10 times of former polymeric foam plastic weigh;
(5) using step 4) the polymeric foam plastics that obtain as presoma, according to Chinese patent: the content described in " a kind of high-strength foam silicon carbide ceramics and preparation method thereof, patent No. ZL00110479.9 " prepares foam ceramic material.
Described high mechanical strength foam ceramic material preparation method, if desired, the mode adopting extruding or rub, to realize complete wetting.
Described high mechanical strength foam ceramic material preparation method, polymeric foam plastics be urethane foam or other there is the organic foam plastic of trilateral muscle cross-sectional shape.
Described high mechanical strength foam ceramic material preparation method, macromolecule resin is the soluble high molecular polymers of the decomposable asymmetric choice net such as polycarbonate, polyvinyl resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) RESINS or polyvinyl alcohol resin, low yield carbon rate.
Described high mechanical strength foam ceramic material preparation method, organic solvent can be ethanol, propyl alcohol or butanols.
Described high mechanical strength foam ceramic material preparation method, the method is foam silicon carbon, foamed alumina, foam mullite or foam trichroite etc. for the preparation of the foam ceramic material of high strength.
Design philosophy of the present invention is as follows:
The method that the present invention adopts soluble organic coated makes the muscle body shape of cross section of polyurethane foam be transformed to circle by trilateral, and final close to circular.Adopt the polyurethane foam after sphering as precursor power foamed ceramics, obtain material centre hole also present circle, compared with the same material in triangle center hole, the physical strength of this foam ceramic material significantly improves, and therefore can effectively extend the materials'use life-span.
With prepare the method for foam materials with the porous plastics of non-sphering compared with, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, porous plastics is after coating modifying, former trilateral muscle becomes circle or subcircular, its centre hole of foam as precursor power is the circle the same with porous plastics, eliminate the stress concentration caused due to triangle center hole, reduce material breakage fracture probability, significantly improve the physical strength of material, extend the materials'use life-span.
2, porous plastics of the present invention increases thick sphering method, also may be used for the demand of field other has to(for) thick muscle foam plastic.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that porous plastics of the present invention increases thick sphering diagram.In figure, a, original foam plastic bar cross section; B, the thick rear porous plastics muscle cross section of preliminary increasing; C, the thick rear porous plastics muscle cross section of final increasing.
Fig. 2 is foam silicon carbon (adopting original foam plastics to be template) the fracture Photomicrograph for contrasting in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention uses sphering to increase the fracture Photomicrograph of the foam silicon carbon that thick porous plastics is Template preparation.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, the preparation method of high mechanical strength foam ceramic material of the present invention, additional coatings is prepared at polymeric foam frosting, the trilateral muscle of polymeric foam plastics is modified to circle or subcircular, presoma is done with this polymeric foam plastics after sphering, transfer printing is adopted to obtain foam ceramic material, its centre hole presents circle or subcircular, compared with there is the foam ceramic material in triangle center hole, the physical strength of this material is improved significantly, and specifically comprises the steps:
(1) soluble high-molecular resin is dissolved in distilled water or organic solvent, forms the resin solution that concentration is 10 ~ 100 grams per liters;
(2) polymeric foam plastics are fully soaked in above-mentioned solution, guarantee that resin solution and each region of polymeric foam plastics all realize complete wetting, the mode of can adopt extruding if desired, rubbing.Take out after soaking 1 ~ 3min, and blow away surplus liquid with pressurized air;
(3) dried between 50 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C by the polymeric foam plastics after immersion, can obtain macromolecule resin coating at polymeric foam frosting like this, due to the existence of this coating, the trilateral muscle of polymeric foam plastics obtains preliminary sphering;
(4) repeat above-mentioned 2), 3) step, until macromolecule resin coating reaches certain thickness, can meet the demands to the sphering of triangle muscle, until the gain in weight of polymeric foam plastics reaches 2 ~ 10 times of former polymeric foam plastic weigh;
(5) using step 4) the polymeric foam plastics that obtain as presoma, according to Chinese patent: the content described in " a kind of high-strength foam silicon carbide ceramics and preparation method thereof (patent No. ZL00110479.9) " prepares foam ceramic material.
Wherein, polymeric foam plastics are urethane foam, also can be that other has the organic foam plastic of trilateral muscle cross-sectional shape; Macromolecule resin can be the soluble high molecular polymers of the decomposable asymmetric choice net low yield carbon rates such as polycarbonate, polyvinyl resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) RESINS or polyvinyl alcohol resin; Organic solvent can be ethanol, propyl alcohol or butanols etc.; The method also may be used for the foam ceramic material of preparation high strength as other froth inorganic stocks such as foam silicon carbon, foamed alumina, foam mullite or foam trichroites.
The method that the present invention adopts soluble high molecular polymers coated makes the muscle body shape of cross section of polymeric foam plastics be transformed to circle by trilateral, presoma is done with this polymeric foam plastics after sphering, the foam ceramic material of final acquisition has circular or rotund centre hole, and its centre hole of same material that ordinary method obtains is trilateral.
Embodiment 1
The preparation process that the present embodiment prepares high mechanical strength foam silicon carbon is specific as follows:
1, water-soluble polycarbonate is dissolved in distilled water, obtains the resin solution that concentration is 5 grams per liters;
2, urethane foam is fully soaked in above-mentioned solution, and crushed foam plastics repeatedly, guarantee that each position of resin solution and urethane foam fully contacts.Take out urethane foam after soaking 2min, and blow away surplus liquid with pressurized air;
3, by soak after urethane foam in 80 DEG C of oven dry, make resin obtain coating at urethane foam surface cure, the trilateral muscle of urethane foam obtains preliminary sphering;
4, to weigh and record data;
5, above-mentioned 2 ~ 4 steps are repeated, until the gain in weight of urethane foam reaches the twice of former urethane foam weight;
6, the urethane foam obtained using step 5, as presoma, prepares properties of SiC foam ceramics material according to the content described in Chinese patent ZL00110479.9.
As shown in Figure 1, the thick sphering process of increasing of employing the inventive method polymeric foam plastics is: the thick rear porous plastics muscle cross section of original foam plastic bar cross section → preliminary increasing → finally increase porous plastics muscle cross section slightly.
As shown in Figure 3, after adopting the inventive method sphering, porous plastics is the foam silicon carbon section of Template preparation, circle or subcircular is become from former trilateral muscle, its centre hole of foam silicon carbon as precursor power is the circle the same with porous plastics, eliminate the stress concentration caused due to triangle center hole, reduce material breakage fracture probability, significantly improve the physical strength of material, extend the materials'use life-span.
Embodiment 2
Different from embodiment 1 be in, resin concentration is 10 grams per liters, and other condition is identical.
Embodiment 3
Different from embodiment 1 be in, resin concentration is 50 grams per liters, and other condition is identical.
Embodiment 4
Different from embodiment 1 be in, resin concentration is 100 grams per liters, and other condition is identical.
Embodiment 5
Different from embodiment 1 be in, resin concentration is 200 grams per liters, and other condition is identical.
Embodiment 6
Different from embodiment 1 be in, resin concentration is 500 grams per liters, and other condition is identical.
Embodiment 7
Different from embodiment 4 be in, the gain in weight of resin is one times of original foam plastics.
Embodiment 8
Different from embodiment 4 be in, the gain in weight of resin is 4 times of original foam plastics.
Embodiment 9
Different from embodiment 4 be in, the gain in weight of resin is 6 times of original foam plastics.
Embodiment 10
Different from embodiment 4 be in, the gain in weight of resin is 10 times of original foam plastics.
Embodiment 11
Different from embodiment 9 be in, after soaking, the baking and curing temperature of porous plastics is 50 DEG C.
Embodiment 12
Different from embodiment 9 be in, after soaking, the baking and curing temperature of porous plastics is 100 DEG C.
Embodiment 13
Different from embodiment 9 be in, after soaking, the baking and curing temperature of porous plastics is 130 DEG C.
Relatively can find out through embodiment, when resin solution concentration is lower than 10 grams per liter, porous plastics speed of weight increment is too slow, and efficiency is low; And concentration higher than 200 grams per liter time, soltion viscosity is too high, easy plug-hole, and suitable concentration should be between 10 grams per liters to 200 grams per liters; Between suitable gain in weight should be 2 times to 10 times of original foam plastics; Suitable solidification value should between 50 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C.
The foam silicon carbon adopting above-mentioned condition to prepare is under the condition of same density, and compared with being the foam silicon carbon of Template preparation with employing original foam plastics, its ultimate compression strength brings up to 36MPa by 30MPa, performance boost 20%, improves obviously.
Embodiment result shows, the method that the present invention adopts soluble high molecular polymers coated makes the muscle body shape of cross section of polymeric foam be transformed to circle by trilateral, thus the centre hole that polymeric foam in foam silicon carbon preparation process is stayed after removing through high temperature is rounded or subcircular, and then obtain the foam silicon carbon material with round center hole.Compared with having the foam ceramic material in triangle center hole, the physical strength of this material is improved significantly.

Claims (6)

1. a high mechanical strength foam ceramic material, it is characterized in that, adopt the method for soluble high-molecular resin-coated that the muscle body shape of cross section of polymeric foam plastics is transformed to circle by trilateral, do presoma with the polymeric foam plastics after sphering, the final foam ceramic material obtained has circular or rotund centre hole;
Additional coatings is prepared at polymeric foam frosting, the trilateral muscle of polymeric foam plastics is modified to circle or subcircular, presoma is done with this polymeric foam plastics after sphering, transfer printing is adopted to obtain foam ceramic material, its centre hole presents circle or subcircular, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) soluble high-molecular resin is dissolved in distilled water or organic solvent, forms the resin solution that concentration is 10 ~ 100 grams per liters;
(2) polymeric foam plastics are fully soaked in above-mentioned solution, guarantee that resin solution and each region of polymeric foam plastics all realize complete wetting, take out after soaking 1 ~ 3min, and blow away surplus liquid with pressurized air;
(3) dried between 50 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C by the polymeric foam plastics after immersion, obtain macromolecule resin coating at polymeric foam frosting like this, due to the existence of this coating, the trilateral muscle of polymeric foam plastics obtains preliminary sphering;
(4) repeat above-mentioned 2), 3) step, until macromolecule resin coating reaches certain thickness, can meet the demands to the sphering of triangle muscle, until the gain in weight of polymeric foam plastics reaches 2 ~ 10 times of former polymeric foam plastic weigh;
(5) the polymeric foam plastics obtained using step 4) as presoma, according to Chinese patent: the content described in " a kind of high-strength foam silicon carbide ceramics and preparation method thereof, patent No. ZL00110479.9 " prepares foam ceramic material.
2. according to high mechanical strength foam ceramic material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mode adopting extruding or rub, to realize complete wetting.
3., according to high mechanical strength foam ceramic material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, polymeric foam plastics be urethane foam or other there is the organic foam plastic of trilateral muscle cross-sectional shape.
4. according to high mechanical strength foam ceramic material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, macromolecule resin is the soluble high molecular polymers of polycarbonate, polyvinyl resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) RESINS or polyvinyl alcohol resin decomposable asymmetric choice net, low yield carbon rate.
5. according to high mechanical strength foam ceramic material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, organic solvent is ethanol, propyl alcohol or butanols.
6. according to high mechanical strength foam ceramic material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method is foam silicon carbon, foamed alumina, foam mullite or foam trichroite for the preparation of the foam ceramic material of high strength.
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CN108069725B (en) * 2016-11-09 2021-05-18 中国科学院金属研究所 Hollow foam material and preparation method and application thereof
CN106977228B (en) * 2017-03-31 2021-09-03 美科特种材料股份有限公司 High-strength high-toughness foam hollow ceramic material
CN106946572A (en) * 2017-03-31 2017-07-14 美科特种材料股份有限公司 A kind of many material mixed types improve hollow foam ceramic material of intensity and preparation method thereof
CN110386827B (en) * 2018-04-16 2022-05-31 中国科学院金属研究所 Reverse-mold foam material and preparation method and application thereof
CN111807843B (en) * 2020-07-14 2021-09-07 西安交通大学 Light high-strength silicon carbide foam ceramic and preparation method thereof
CN112390658B (en) * 2020-10-29 2022-05-31 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Mechanical processing and forming method for oxide foamed ceramic material

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CN1037498A (en) * 1988-05-02 1989-11-29 瑞士铝公司 ceramic foam and preparation method thereof
CN1325832A (en) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-12 中国科学院金属研究所 High-strength foam silicon carbide ceramics and its preparing process
CN1600742A (en) * 2003-09-22 2005-03-30 中国科学院金属研究所 Compact foamy thyrite in high intensity and preparation method
WO2007056895A1 (en) * 2005-11-18 2007-05-24 Institute Of Metal Research Chinese Academy Of Sciences Compact foamed thyrite with high intensity and preparation method of the same
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Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1037498A (en) * 1988-05-02 1989-11-29 瑞士铝公司 ceramic foam and preparation method thereof
CN1325832A (en) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-12 中国科学院金属研究所 High-strength foam silicon carbide ceramics and its preparing process
CN1600742A (en) * 2003-09-22 2005-03-30 中国科学院金属研究所 Compact foamy thyrite in high intensity and preparation method
WO2007056895A1 (en) * 2005-11-18 2007-05-24 Institute Of Metal Research Chinese Academy Of Sciences Compact foamed thyrite with high intensity and preparation method of the same
CN1986490A (en) * 2005-12-23 2007-06-27 中国科学院金属研究所 High strength and high toughness foamed SiC/Al material and its preparing method

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