CN103962311A

CN103962311A - Corn sorting machine

Info

Publication number: CN103962311A
Application number: CN201410216097.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王能建; 李丽; 刘钦辉; 刘红博; 张尊洋; 赵东旭; 董占凤; 屈文轩; 徐志龙; 沈余飞
Original assignee: Harbin Engineering University
Current assignee: Harbin Engineering University
Priority date: 2013-04-07
Filing date: 2013-04-07
Publication date: 2014-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 2033-04-07
Also published as: CN103230878B; CN103977962B; CN103977962A; CN103230878A; CN103962311B

Abstract

The invention relates to a corn sorting machine capable of dividing corns into three sorts, namely corns with the lengths of less than or equal to 150 millimeters, corns with the lengths of more than 150 millimeters and smaller than 200 millimeters and corns with the lengths of more than or equal to 200 millimeters, according to the lengths of the corns. Three major parts, namely a feeding part, a division part and a sorting part, are arranged on a steel structural rack, and are driven by six motors respectively. In the feeding part, the corns fall on a conveyor belt driven by a driving system consisting of a belt transmission device, a planetary gear speed reducer and a chain transmission device after being arranged through arrangement rollers in a hopper. In the division part, a vibrating frame reciprocally moves by virtue of a crank-connecting rod mechanism driven by the motor to divide the corns into rows in a vibrating way. In the sorting part, double rows of parallel conveyor belts are adopted, and after the corns reach the detection range of a sensor, detected corn length signals are transmitted to a PLC (programmable logic controller), cylinders are further controlled to move, and a discharging baffle plate is further driven to realize the sorting of the corns. According to the corn sorting machine, the manual sorting can be replaced, so that the efficiency is improved by more than 10 times; the corn sorting machine is low in construction cost and convenient to operate.

Description

A kind of corn sorter

Technical field

A corn sorter, the length sorting corn according to corn, belongs to agricultural mechanical field.

Background technology

Corn, is important cereal crops and important feed resource, is also the highest cereal crops of whole world total output.As one of three generalized grain kinds, for solving the mankind's problem of food and clothing, play a significant role.Even to this day, corn remains indispensable food on whole world people of various countries' dining table: in " native place of corn " Mexico, the Year's consumption of " state's dish " corn-dodger reaches 1,200 ten thousand tons more than, and people are rich and honour, and poor and lowly all enjoying a lot eats; In developed country and area, the source that corn is also used as mineral matters such as supplementing the necessary iron of human body, magnesium is widely used for people; In some disadvantaged country and area, corn is still the thing of wrapping up in abdomen of people's cheapness.And the corn of take can be manufactured diversified cuisines as raw material, is therefore more and more subject to popular liking.But corn has dividing of length size, and this makes manufacturing corn non-staple food out not reach required requirement, therefore need to be by corn by class sorting.Before this, people are by hand-sorted corn, and its sorting work is very loaded down with trivial details, and workload is large, has expended a large amount of manpower and materials.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to disclose a kind of corn sorter, can be divided into according to the length of corn and be less than or equal to 150 millimeters, be greater than 150 millimeters and be less than 200 millimeters and be more than or equal to 200 millimeter of three class.It is that feed, sub-material and sorting three parts are arranged in a steel construction frame, and drives respectively various piece by six motors; Feed partly adopts band transmission, chain transmission and planetary reducer triplicity; In sub-material part, adopt toggle to drive vibrating grid sub-material; And sorting part adopts double parallel conveyer belt, and use the devices such as sensor, cylinder; Its beneficial effect is: effective and rapid, accurately, easy to operate, efficiency is 11 times of manual sorting in sorting.

Corn sorter comprises feed part, sub-material part and a sorting part, by six motors, drives respectively various piece independent operation.In feed part, via hopper feed, reason material roller reason material, three links of conveyer belt feeding reach the object of feed.Motor by band transmission, is passed to planetary reducer by power as the power source of system, after rotating speed further reduces, then passes to cylinder by chain transmission, and the corn on driving conveying belt, realizes feed; In sub-material part, for fear of corn, pile up, adopt toggle that vibrating grid is moved back and forth, realize vibration material delivering, corn moves to feeding-distribution device by conveyer belt, and the vibrating grid forming through the plank being differed by six positions is divided into two lines and carries out sub-material; In sorting part, the corn after branch, is delivered to sorting equipment in an orderly manner, measures the length of corn through linear transducer, and sends to PLC after signal conversion, by the action of PLC programme-control cylinder, finally realizes the sorting of corn.

The whole operating process of corn sorter involved in the present invention is as follows.

First open switch-starter, from hopper feed, when corn does not arrive linear transducer detection range, now system judgement does not have corn to pass through, and now cylinder is not all carried out any action.And after all electric motor startings, the transmission of motor for feeding band, planetary reducer and the operation of chain transmission driving conveying belt, reason material roller rotates, conveyer belt and the crank and connecting rod movement of sub-material part, the conveyer belt operation of sorting part, corn transports forward by conveyer belt, after manager's material roller reason material, travels a segment distance to sub-material part, the riser of arranging by two forming V-shapes is divided into two lines, and utilizes toggle vibration to be transported ahead to sorting part.Two row conveyer belts of sorting part are arranged in both sides along sorter stands longitudinal, operation simultaneously, and structure is identical with principle; When the surveyed area of corn to be sorted by between linear transducer transmitting terminal and receiving terminal, linear transducer receives signal, measures the length of corn, and signal is sent to PLC, PLC judges by program this corn is to belong in which class length range, when length is less than or equal to 150mm, and 1 ^#cylinder starts, and promotes discharge baffle and blocks corn, pushes it against 1 ^#discharge port; When length is greater than 150mm and is less than or equal to 200mm, 2 ^#cylinder starts, and promotes baffle plate and blocks corn, pushes it against 2 ^#discharge port; And when length is greater than 200mm, cylinder and being all failure to actuate, corn while conveyer belt, to end, directly falls into 3 ^#discharge port, so far the sort process of a corn completes, and corn is constantly carried afterwards, repeats above-mentioned steps.

Drive system employing band transmission, chain transmission and planetary reducer triplicity due to feed part, not only make total compact, takes up room little, and improved transmission efficiency, reduced power loss; In sub-material part, adopt toggle, make device realize vibration sub-material, avoided the accumulation of corn, improved sorting efficiency; And sorting part adopts double parallel conveyer belt, greatly improve sorting amount, and by devices such as sensor, cylinders, corn is sorted like clockwork.Whole sort process, effective and rapid, sorting accurately.

Accompanying drawing explanation

A kind of corn sorter of Fig. 1 general assembly drawing front view

A kind of corn sorter of Fig. 2 general assembly drawing top view

A kind of corn sorter of Fig. 3 feed part left view

A kind of corn sorter of Fig. 4 sub-material part front view

A kind of corn sorter of Fig. 5 sub-material part front view A-A sectional view

A kind of corn sorter of Fig. 6 sub-material part left view

The supporting construction figure of a kind of corn sorting of Fig. 7 machine vibration frame

A kind of corn sorter of Fig. 8 toggle structure chart

Fig. 9 a kind of corn sorter conveyer belt and roller frame figure

The specific embodiment

Provide the specific embodiment of the present invention below and be illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings.

A kind of corn sorter comprises feed part, sub-material part and sorting part.

As shown in Figure 1,2 and 3, feed partly comprises transmission system and executive system two parts; Transmission system wherein, usings motor for feeding 8 as power source, and its output shaft is connected by blossom type shaft coupling with small band wheel shaft, and power is reached to belt wheel 26, then via large belt shaft 25 and blossom type shaft coupling 24, reaches the power shaft 27 of planetary reducer 38.The output shaft 39 of planetary reducer reaches sprocket wheel 42 by another blossom type shaft coupling and chainlet wheel shaft 41 by power, hinge wheel axle 36 also reaches feeding roller 14 by a blossom type shaft coupling by power with the feeding roller 14 of conveyer belt, and drive the movement of feed conveyer belt 13, complete the function of transmission system in feeder process.And hopper 31 in described executive system is by being bolted in frame, jackshaft 29 two ends of reason material roller 32 are fixed on hopper 31 by bearing and end cap etc. respectively, drive the optional YE low speed series of the reason material motor 33(small machine of reason material roller 32) by L-type iron plate 34, be fixed in frame.Whole process, by hopper 31 feeds, by reason material roller 32 reason material, can only be passed through a corn between every two reason charge bars, thereby make corn be sent to without any confusion conveyer belt.

For the stability in assurance device running, planetary reducer 38 and motor for feeding 8 are all fixed by foundation bolt and ground, and lay damping pad in lower end, reach effectiveness in vibration suppression.

As shown in Fig. 2,4,5,6 and 7, sub-material part is mainly to realize branch's work of corn, and single being fed forward.Sub-material realizes by vibra shoot.The operating part of vibra shoot is vibrating grid, in toggle, plays slide block effect, and it is to consist of six planks, and two edge-on planks 10 are vertically placed on respectively the both sides of conveyer belt, as track baffle plate; Two tilting plank 11 forming V-shapes be vertically placed on conveyer belt above, corn is divided into two lines along the direction operation shown in Fig. 2 arrow; All the other two cover plates 12 are placed in edge-on plank 10 and tilting plank 11 tops, and are consolidated by aluminum corner brace 47.Consider that whole vibrating grid is in vacant state, can only design bracing or strutting arrangement in both sides, and to guarantee to move around smooth and easy, therefore use upper and lower two pulleys 48 by the restriction of power transmission shaft 46, not only play a supporting role, can reduce the sliding friction between pulley 48 and power transmission shaft 46 simultaneously.Pulley spindle 50 both sides are fixed by bearing and shaft end ring, shaft end ring is screwed, and by the bearing of both sides fixedly plank 54 by bolt be connected plank 56 and connect, connect plank 56 and extend to frame below and by bolt, whole vibrating grid be connected with frame, in order to strengthen stability, at side, install floor additional.So whole vibrating grid just can vibrate back and forth in the situation that having support, has met the requirement of this toggle.

As shown in Fig. 5,6,7 and 8, the phase asynchronous unit of the optional Y-series of sub-material motor 45() be the power source of described vibra shoot vibration, by L-type iron plate 44, be fixed in the frame of sorter.Output shaft 67 keys of sub-material motor 45 are connected in boss 66 center, eccentric part at boss 66 opposite sides screws a thread spindle 59, eccentric throw is the crank length in toggle, thread spindle 59 is by axle sleeve and bearing fixed support, the end of thread spindle 59 adopts double nuts structure to play anti-loosening locking effect, end cap is installed at bearing outer ring place, on end cap, 4 screws of annular spread are fixing by the connecting rod in end cap and toggle 65, connecting rod 65 is hinged by pin 64 with the slotted cylinder 63 of tool, thereby whole mechanism is linked together.

During running, sub-material motor 45 drives boss 66 to rotate in perpendicular, thereby drivening rod 65 is so that whole vibrating grid moves back and forth in horizontal plane, realizes the horizontal reciprocating vibration of vibra shoot.

As shown in Figure 1, 2, sorting part comprises two row sorting conveyer belt and sensor, PLC and the three kinds of main elements of cylinder that are arranged in both sides along sorter stands longitudinal.Two row sorting conveyer belts are worked simultaneously, and structure is identical with principle, guarantee that corn is divided into two lines along the direction operation shown in Fig. 2 arrow.Below introduce a line wherein.Sorting part can be divided into four sections, and sensor emission end 16 and receiving terminal 15 are fixed on the side plate at first paragraph place by L-type iron plate 7.Corn has one section of buffer distance from sub-material partial row to sorting part, after stable, arrives sensor place, and trigger sensor perceptual signal, measures the length of corn, and signal is sent to PLC.1 ^#cylinder 20 is fixed on the side plate at second segment place by another piece L-type iron plate 6, the routine processes time and 1 of given PLC ^#the actuation time of cylinder 20.In like manner, 2 ^#cylinder 22 is also fixed on the 3rd section of side plate of locating by a L-type iron plate, treats after PLC routine processes 2 ^#cylinder 22 performs an action.Wherein, with 1 ^#cylinder 20 is example, and its expansion link connects discharge baffle 5 by rivet 19, and in conjunction with the principle of hinge, discharge baffle 5 is fixed on side plate by pin 4, when 1 ^#cylinder 20 receives after order, and expansion link promotes discharge baffle 5 motions, thereby corn is pushed to 1 ^#discharge port 01, realizes the sorting of corn.Remaining cylinder all carries out corn sorting by this principle.The optional YE low speed series of sorting motor 9(small machine) be arranged on the end of conveyer belt, whole process drives conveyer belt to move by it, corn is partly sent to sorting part by sub-material, by length detector, length signals detected, and send to PLC, via the action of PLC control cylinder, corn is sorted into three classes: when length is less than or equal to 150mm, 1 ^#cylinder 20 starts, and promotes discharge baffle 5 actions, 1 ^#discharge port 01 discharging; When length is greater than 150mm and is less than or equal to 200mm, 2 ^#cylinder 22 starts, and promotes discharge baffle 23 actions, 2 ^#discharge port 02 discharging; And length is while being greater than 200mm, cylinder does not start, and corn is delivered directly to sorting conveyer belt end, 3 ^#discharge port 03 discharging.Other a line of sorting part is according to the identical sorting of carrying out corn of this principle.

As shown in Figure 1, 2, conveyer belt runs through whole device of the present invention, and the conveyer belt of feed part, sub-material part and sorting part is independent of one another.The sorting conveyer belt partly of take is example, and as shown in Fig. 5,9, sorting conveyer belt 72 is driven and supported by sorting cylinder 71, and 71, cylinder of sorting is fixed on side plate 68 by bearing and end cap, and this side plate 68 is L-type, by bolt, is connected with frame.Remaining conveyer belt is all installed and work by this principle.

As shown in Figure 1, chassis design becomes truss type steel structure, not only proof strength, rigidity, and save material, attractive in appearance, frame and ground are fixed by foundation bolt, stability when assurance device moves.In order to prevent offset track in corn running, in the both sides of conveyer belt, by thin plate 3, block, thin plate 3 is screwed by rectangle plank 2 with baffle plate 1 below, thereby links together with whole device.

The present invention is effective and rapid, and sorting accurately, easy to operate, corn can be sorted into three classes by length, and efficiency is 11 times of manual sorting.

Claims

1. a corn sorter, it is characterized in that: comprise and be arranged in feed part, sub-material part and a sorting part in steel construction sorter frame, the conveyer belt of each several part is independent of one another, runs through whole sorter frame, and drives respectively various piece independently to operate by six motors; Wherein feed part is by hopper (31) feed, and reason material roller (32) reason is expected, three links compositions of conveyer belt feeding; Motor for feeding (8) band transmission, planetary reducer (38) and chain transmission to feeding roller (14) driving conveying belt, realize the transmission of feed part by the transmission of power of system; In sub-material part, corn is divided into two lines and carries through the vibrating grid being comprised of six different planks in position; Vibrating grid moves reciprocatingly under the drive of toggle, realizes vibration sub-material, and conveyer belt transmits; In sorting part, adopt double parallel conveyer belt that corn is delivered to sorting equipment, by linear transducer, measure the length of corn, and by sending to PLC after signal conversion, by the action of PLC programme-control cylinder, realize the sorting of corn;

Sorting part comprises two row sorting conveyer belt and sensor, PLC and the three kinds of main elements of cylinder that are arranged in both sides along sorter stands longitudinal; Wherein, PLC receives from sensor signal and commands cylinder action; Sorting part adopts four segment structures: sensor emission end (16) and receiving terminal (15) are fixed on the side plate of first paragraph of described four segment structures by L-type iron plate separately respectively; 1 ^#cylinder (20) is fixed on the side plate of second segment by another piece L-type iron plate, and 2 ^#cylinder (22) is also fixed on the side plate of the 3rd section by a L-type iron plate; The power source of described sorting conveyer belt is sorting motor (9), and when the corn of transmission passes through the surveyed area of described sensor, the corn length signals recording sends to PLC, and by PLC, controls associated cylinder and move: when length is less than or equal to 150mm, and 1 ^#cylinder (20) starts, and promotes discharge baffle (5) action, 1 ^#discharge port (01) discharging; When length is greater than 150mm and is less than or equal to 200mm, 2 ^#cylinder (22) starts, and promotes discharge baffle (23) action, 2 ^#discharge port (02) discharging; And length is while being greater than 200mm, cylinder does not start, and corn is delivered directly to the end of described sorting conveyer belt, 3 ^#discharge port (03) discharging.