CN103958835B - wind turbine blade with transition region - Google Patents

wind turbine blade with transition region Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103958835B
CN103958835B CN201280044261.2A CN201280044261A CN103958835B CN 103958835 B CN103958835 B CN 103958835B CN 201280044261 A CN201280044261 A CN 201280044261A CN 103958835 B CN103958835 B CN 103958835B
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China
Prior art keywords
reinforcing fiber
area
fiber materials
blade
transitional region
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CN201280044261.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103958835A (en
Inventor
M.达尔
B.K.莫坦森
M.奥勒森
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LM Wind Power AS
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LM Wind Power AS
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Priority claimed from EP11174628.5A external-priority patent/EP2511477B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/304—In-plane lamination by juxtaposing or interleaving of plies, e.g. scarf joining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05B2280/5001—Elasticity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/70—Treatments or modification of materials
    • F05B2280/702—Reinforcements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

A wind turbine blade (1) is formed from a fibre-reinforced composite material comprising a polymer matrix. The blade (1) further comprises a first region (11), a second region (12) and a transition region (13) between the first and second regions (11; 12). The first region (11) is reinforced predominantly with a first reinforcing fibre material (21). The second region (12) is reinforced predominantly with a second reinforcing fibre material (22). The first reinforcement fiber material and the second reinforcement fiber material are different from each other and have different elastic moduli. The transition region (13) further comprises a third type of reinforcing fiber material (23), which third type of reinforcing fiber material (23) is different from both the first and the second reinforcing fiber materials (21;22) and has an elastic modulus between the elastic modulus of the first reinforcing fiber material (21) and the elastic modulus of the second reinforcing fiber material (22).

Description

There is the wind turbine blade of transitional region
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wind turbine blade with the longitudinal direction that the root area from blade extends to tip, described blade includes at least one parts formed by fibre reinforced composites, these fibre reinforced composites include polymeric matrix and the first fibrous material for glass fibre embedded in polymeric matrix and the second reinforcing fiber materials for carbon fiber, described blade also includes first area, second area and the transitional region between first area and second area, first area mainly strengthens with the first reinforcing fiber materials, second area mainly strengthens with the second reinforcing fiber materials, first reinforcing fiber materials and the second reinforcing fiber materials are different from each other and have different elastic modelling quantity (E-modulus).
Background technology
Wind turbine blade is typically made up of the two of fiber-reinforced polymer blade shell half portions.Two blade shell half portions along case half edge-glued together, and additionally, the one or more spars (spar) or the web that extend in a longitudinal direction are glued in each case half, to provide rigidity to blade.However, it is also possible to mould blade by so-called hollow, blade is made only to be made up of single housing structure with this.Blade or blade half portion are injected typically via vacuum, and especially vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulds (VARTM) or by using so-called preimpregnation material (that is, by using the fibrous material with resin prepreg stain) to make.This fibrous material typically form in rove, i.e. fibre bundle, rove band or pad, it can be the woven mat of filamentary felt pan or fiber roving, thus this pad can be unidirectional pad or multidirectional pad.The resin used or polymer are typically polyester, epoxy resin or vinyl acetate.Reinforcing fiber materials is typically glass fibre.But, it be also possible to use carbon fiber, owing to they are harder than glass fibre and have higher elastic modelling quantity, and thus provide the higher rigidity of wind turbine blade and/or relatively low weight.Further, it is known that metallic fiber (that is, filament) is used in combination with glass fibre or carbon fiber.
Other type of reinforcing fiber is aramid fibre and other type of polymer fiber, and natural fiber (e.g., hemp, flax fiber and bamboo fibre) can also be used for manufacturing wind turbine blade.
WO2006/082479 discloses a kind of wind turbine blade and for the method preparing wind turbine blade shell component, this wind turbine blade shell component includes the element of the fiber-reinforced plate of multiple solidification, as, carbon fiber element, glass fiber elements and/or wood fibre element.
WO2010/006807 discloses a kind of wind turbine blade formed by fibrous composite, this fibrous composite includes the two or more different types of carbon fiber with the elastic modelling quantity being different from each other, and the ratio of the most different types of carbon fiber changes on the longitudinal direction of blade.
WO2003/078832 discloses the wind turbine blade of a kind of fiber-reinforced polymer, this fiber-reinforced polymer include the first kind of the first rigidity fiber (as, glass fibre) and the fiber (e.g., carbon fiber) of Second Type of different-stiffness.In transitional region between two kinds of fiber, the quantity ratios of two kinds of fiber changes on the longitudinal direction of blade continuously.
Unpub European Patent Application No. 11161889.8 discloses a kind of wind turbine blade, and wherein transitional region has the ratio gradually changed between the first reinforcing fiber materials and the second reinforcing fiber materials.First area extends in the root area of blade, and the first reinforcing fiber materials is metal.
Unexpected transition between the fiber of the type with different-stiffness (that is, elastic modelling quantity) causes stronger stress to concentrate.The especially transition between glass fibre and carbon fiber can cause problem because glass fibre has an elastic modelling quantity of about 70GPa, and the elastic modelling quantity of carbon fiber be of about 230GPa to 600GPa or more than.By providing gradually transition between two kinds of fiber, can relax, this stress concentration is reduced or eliminated.
Concentrate to compensate the stress when using the reinforcing fiber with dual extension-compression modulus in the composite, the transition region between two kinds of different fibers may provide local to thicken, and thus limit owing to stress concentrates the risk of the fault caused.But, a drawback of this type of solution be due in the transition region between glass fibre and carbon fiber the use of the increase of fiber (such as, glass fibre) and cause weight to increase.
Summary of the invention
The goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide the new construction of a kind of wind turbine blade, which overcomes at least one shortcoming of prior art or provide at least useful alternative.
The purpose of the present invention is implemented, because transitional region also includes being different from the first reinforcing fiber materials and the second reinforcing fiber materials and has the reinforcing fiber materials of the 3rd type of elastic modelling quantity between the elastic modelling quantity and the elastic modelling quantity of the second reinforcing fiber materials of the first reinforcing fiber materials.First reinforcing fiber materials is glass fibre.Typically, glass fibre has elastic modelling quantity and the about 2.54g/cm of about 70GPa3Density.Second reinforcing fiber materials is carbon fiber.Now, along with the fiber of this type is used further due to its low weight and high rigidity, carbon fiber is the preferred material for reinforcing fiber materials.Carbon fiber typically has about 1.75g/cm3Density and about 230 to the elastic modelling quantity of 600GPa or above, this depends on the type of carbon fiber.Although WO 2003/078832 (submitting to also by identical applicant) solves the rigidity jump problem between carbon fiber and glass fibre, it has been found that be, the local thickening with blade construction is necessary, in order to the smooth transition of the rigidity of supply blade.But, this type of thickeies and adds the weight of blade and also make splice program during molding blade become complicated.
The present invention alleviates this problem by means of the reinforcing fiber materials of the 3rd type providing the elastic modelling quantity having between glass fibre and the elastic modelling quantity of carbon fiber.It is possible to provide the most stable transition between the first reinforcing fiber materials and the second reinforcing fiber materials, and thus the stress that is substantially reduced or eliminated in the transitional region mainly included between the first area of glass fibre and the second area mainly including carbon fiber concentrate.Therefore, what this stress was concentrated is reduced or eliminated reducing and thus reducing used quantity of material on permission thickness.
" mainly " refer to that the first reinforcing fiber materials, the second reinforcing fiber materials or the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials by volume include at least 50%, 60%, 70%, Fibre reinforced composites in the discussion of 80%, 90%, 95% or 100%.
Transitional region can have the ratio gradually changed between the reinforcing fiber materials and the reinforcing fiber materials of Second Type of the first kind.The quantity ratios by volume recorded it is interpreted as in the ratio between reinforcing fiber materials type.
Phrase " gradually changes " and is broadly interpreted, and cover the monotone variation of ratio between the reinforcing fiber materials type in discussing, and thus also step variation, constant variation, linear change or exponential form change or the change of smooth transition between the reinforcing fiber materials type in discussing is provided in any other way.
Ratio change between reinforcing fiber materials type in discussion can increase on the longitudinal direction of blade or reduce.
According to further embodiment, the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials is made up of metallic fiber, preferably steel fibre.Preferably steel fibre is due to the elastic modelling quantity between they relatively low costs and their elastic modelling quantity at glass fibre and the elastic modelling quantity of carbon fiber.Steel fibre typically has elastic modelling quantity and the about 7.85g/cm of about 200GPa3Density.Additionally, metallic fiber and especially steel fibre, there is the compatibility fabulous with carbon fiber and glass fibre, therefore reduce the probability being such as layered.
Steel fibre or steel wire can typically have in the range of in the range of between 0.04mm to 1.0mm, between 0.07mm to 0.75mm or between 0.1mm to 0.5mm in the range of diameter or sectional dimension.Filament is monofilament or is arranged to filaments bundles, and is alternatively arranged as monofilament or filaments bundles uses or is incorporated in pad or in pierce tap.
According to another embodiment, the ratio between ratio and the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials and the second reinforcing fiber materials between first reinforcing fiber materials and the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials changes on the longitudinal direction of transitional region so that the elastic modelling quantity of composite changes between first area and second area monotonously.The variable chemical conversion of elastic modelling quantity of composite reduces monotonously or increases monotonously.Additionally, its variable chemical conversion strictly increases or strictly reduces.Elastic modelling quantity advantageously relates to the rigidity of various fibrous material.Fibre reinforced materials is advantageously arranged to provide the stiffness transition on blade longitudinal direction.Fiber is typically arranged to provide rigidity to the aerofoil direction of blade.
In another embodiment, the ratio between the first reinforcing fiber materials and the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials reduces between first area and second area at least Part I of transitional region monotonously, and this Part I is adjacent to first area.
In another embodiment, the ratio between the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials and the second reinforcing fiber materials reduces between first area and second area at least Part II of transitional region monotonously, this territory, Part II adjacent second zone.
In the further embodiment of the present invention, the core of the ratio of the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials transitional region between the Part I and Part II of transitional region is substantial constant.
The core of transitional region can mainly include the reinforcing fiber materials of the 3rd type.
According to further embodiment, on its gamut, transitional region includes the reinforcing fiber materials of the 3rd type.
The ratio of the reinforcing fiber materials of the 3rd type in transitional region gradually can change to second area from first area.Additionally, the ratio between the reinforcing fiber materials of the first kind and the reinforcing fiber materials of Second Type can reduce on the gamut of transitional region.
According to another embodiment, the fiber of the reinforcing fiber of the first kind or fibre bundle extend from first area in different lengths and extend to transitional region, the fiber of the reinforcing fiber of Second Type or fibre bundle extend from second area with different length and extend to transitional region, and extend the fiber of the reinforcing fiber of the 3rd type or fibre bundle transitional region between fiber and the fiber of Second Type of the first kind extended from first area and second area respectively.Result, transition extremely smoothly is likely provided between the reinforcing fiber and the reinforcing fiber of Second Type of the first kind so that stress concentrate on the reinforcing fiber mainly including the first kind first area and mainly include Second Type reinforcing fiber second area between be substantially eliminated or reduce.
According to additional embodiment, transitional region is formed by having some fibrolaminar laminate, wherein each fibrous layer has the first border surface of first position in a longitudinal direction and the second boundary surface of second position in a longitudinal direction, fibrous layer is included in the reinforcing fiber of the first kind on the first side of the first border surface and the reinforcing fiber of the Second Type on the second side of the first border surface, the fiber of the reinforcing fiber of the 3rd type on first side on the second boundary surface that this fibrous layer is additionally included in second position and the reinforcing fiber of the Second Type on second side on the second boundary surface, i.e., the fiber of the reinforcing fiber of the 3rd type is between the first border surface and the second boundary surface.Typically, fibrous layer includes fiber mat or fiber band.The border surface of each layer can mutually displacement to obtain the gradually changing of ratio between reinforcing fiber materials and the reinforcing fiber materials of Second Type of the first kind and between reinforcing fiber materials and the reinforcing fiber materials of Second Type of the 3rd type.
According to embodiment, transitional region has the length of at least 0.3 meter, e.g., the length between 0.3 to 20 meters, between 0.3 to 10 meters or between 0.3 to 5 meters.
According to another embodiment, the fiber of first area, second area and transitional region mainly extends on the longitudinal direction of blade.As a result, fiber alignment becomes most preferably to bear the load that vanes is subject to during use, i.e. especially moment of flexure, and typically in order to overcome the aerofoil direction of blade to deflect offer rigidity.
The realization of advantages of the present invention is especially the most relevant with the carrying of blade (load-bearing).This bearing part is particularly in the fiber-reinforced polymer bar of the one or more longitudinal extensions in each case half, and the fiber reinforcement bar of this longitudinal extension includes the fiber-reinforced layer of multiple stacking, e.g., multiple fiber mats, such as, 20-40 layer or more than.The fiber reinforcement bar of longitudinal extension is also referred to as main laminate or primary layer casting die.Another bearing part of wind turbine blade or parts are to extend between two case half of blade and be glued to the spar of longitudinal extension thereon, crossbeam or web.
According to further embodiment, at least one parts is the bearing part of blade, e.g., and the primary layer member portion of the shell structure of spar or crossbeam or blade.
At least one parts can be any part of the shell structure of blade or whole shell structure, e.g., including the case half of blade of two case half of the shell structure to form blade glued together.
At least one parts can be also spar or the web of wind turbine blade.
The length of wind turbine blade can be at least 35 meters, 40 meters, 50 meters, 55 meters or 60 meters.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is illustrated in detail, in the accompanying drawings below with reference to accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the wind turbine blade according to the present invention,
Fig. 2 be according to three kinds of different types of reinforcing fibers in the district of the transitional region of the first embodiment of the present invention between ratio change perspective longitudinal sectional view,
Fig. 3 A is the longitudinal sectional view through the vane region including transitional region according to the second embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 3 B shows the ratio between three kinds of different types of reinforcing fibers of the second embodiment shown in Fig. 3 A,
Fig. 4 A is the longitudinal sectional view of the vane region with transitional region according to the 3rd embodiment,
Fig. 4 B shows the ratio between three kinds of different types of reinforcing fibers in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A,
Fig. 5 A is the longitudinal sectional view in the district through blade transition zone according to the fourth embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 5 B shows the ratio between three kinds of different types of reinforcing fibers in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 A,
Fig. 6 shows the ratio between three kinds of different types of reinforcing fibers in the district of the transitional region of the blade according to the 5th embodiment, and
Fig. 7 shows the ratio between three kinds of different types of reinforcing fibers in the district of the transitional region of blade according to the sixth embodiment of the invention.
Reference number inventory
1 wind turbine blade
2 root areas
3 airfoil region
4 tips
5 suction side
6 on the pressure side
7 leading edges
8 trailing edges
9 spars or web
10 carrier strip
11 first areas
12 second areas
13 transitional regions
14 fibrous layers
15 first border surfaces
16 the second boundary surfaces
17 cores
18 first inclined-plane border surfaces
19 second inclined-plane border surfaces
20 carrier strip
21 first reinforcing fiber materials=glass fibre
22 second reinforcing fiber materials=carbon fiber
23 the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials
Six stack layers of the fiber (glass fibre) 21 of 24 first kind
Six stack layers of the fiber (carbon fiber) 22 of 25 Second Types
Five stack layers of the fiber 23 of 26 the 3rd types
L longitudinal direction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the blade for the conventional modern upwind wind turbine with three blades essentially radially extended according to so-called " Denmark's concept " from wheel hub.Wind turbine blade 1 includes the root area 2 with substantially round profile and has the airfoil region 3 of the lift generation profile ending at tip 4.Lift generates profile and is provided with suction side 5 and on the pressure side 6 and leading edge 7 and trailing edge 8.This wind turbine blade 1 is formed by fibre reinforced composites, and these fibre reinforced composites include polymeric matrix and the first reinforcing fiber materials, the second reinforcing fiber materials and the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials that embed in polymeric matrix.Wind turbine blade 1 includes first area 11, second area 12 and the transitional region between first area and second area 13.First area 11, second area 12 and transitional region 13 extend on the longitudinal direction L of wind turbine blade 1.First area 11 mainly strengthens with the first reinforcing fiber materials, and second area 12 mainly strengthens with the second reinforcing fiber materials, and transitional region 13 includes the first reinforcing fiber materials, the second reinforcing fiber materials and the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials.First reinforcing fiber materials is different from the second reinforcing fiber materials.First reinforcing fiber materials and the second reinforcing fiber materials have the elastic modelling quantity being different from each other.The reinforcing fiber materials of the 3rd type is different from the reinforcing fiber materials of the first kind and the reinforcing fiber materials of Second Type, and has the elastic modelling quantity between the elastic modelling quantity of the elastic modelling quantity of reinforcing fiber materials of the first kind and the reinforcing fiber materials of Second Type.
Wind turbine blade 1 manufactures by two case half being bonded together along adhesion area, this adhesion area follows the string plane between the leading edge 7 of wind turbine blade 1 and trailing edge 8 substantially so that each case half substantially represents on the pressure side the 6 or suction side 5 of blade.Adhesion area extends through root area 2 and airfoil region 3.Additionally, include that the spar of the fibre reinforced composites of polymeric matrix and fiber or web 9 are connected between two case half.Finally, it should be noted that, each case half may also include the carrier strip 20 of longitudinal extension, also referred to as main laminate or primary layer casting die, especially when blade 1 is provided with the web replacing spar, this carrier strip 20 includes multiple fibrous layer, as, 20 or more layers.
The first embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 2 is the cross sectional view of the wind turbine blade shell at transitional region.The first area 11 of blade 1 mainly strengthens with the first reinforcing fiber materials 21 in form of glass fibers, shows first area 11 at the left-hand side of Fig. 2.The second area 12 of blade 1 mainly strengthens with the second reinforcing fiber materials 22 of the form of 23 in carbon fiber.Second area 12 is shown at the right-hand side of Fig. 2.
Fiber or the fibre bundle 21 of the first kind extend to transitional region 13 from first area 11 in different lengths.Accordingly, fiber or the fibre bundle 22 of the second fiber type extends to transitional region 13 from second area 12 in different lengths.Additionally, the fiber of the 3rd type or the fibre bundle 23 transitional region 13 between fiber or fibre bundle 21 and the fiber of Second Type or the fibre bundle 22 of the first kind extended from first area 11 and second area 12 respectively extend.The fiber of the 3rd type can be steel fibre, i.e. steel wire, and this steel fibre has the elastic modelling quantity between the elastic modelling quantity and the elastic modelling quantity of carbon fiber of glass fibre.
In fig. 2, the fiber 23 of the 3rd type is sightless, it will be appreciated that, these fibers are extending respectively between fiber or the fibre bundle that first area 11 and second area 12 extend, in order to obtain the smooth transition between fiber 21 and the fiber 22 of Second Type of the first kind and between the fiber 23 of the 3rd type and the fiber 22 of Second Type.In other words, by means of the transitional region 13 including the different types of fiber of all three 21,22,23, it is thus achieved that mainly include the first area 11 of fiber 21 of the first kind and mainly include Second Type fiber 22 second area 12 between smooth transition.
In the embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, the first area provided is the inner side longitudinal region of blade, and second area provides in the outside longitudinal region of blade.This embodiment has the advantage that, by using carbon fiber can provide, to the Outboard Sections of blade, the bending stiffness added, in order to make the deflection of blade minimize without the reinforcing fiber adding excess.But, according to the present invention, institute it is appreciated that first area also may be arranged at outside and second area is arranged in inner side.This type of embodiment has the advantage about lightning-arrest (lightning protection) and is, unlikely attracts to be struck by lightning than by carbon fiber reinforced blade tip with the blade tip of glass fiber reinforcement.
Fig. 3 A disclose for obtain mainly include the first area 11 of fiber 21 of the first kind and mainly include Second Type fiber 22 second area 12 between the another kind of method of transitional region 13, and wherein this transitional region 13 includes the fiber 23 of the 3rd type.Fig. 3 A discloses the fibrous layer of seven stackings such as formed by fiber mat or fiber band.Each fibrous layer 14 is respectively provided with the first border surface 15 of first position in a longitudinal direction and the second boundary surface 16 of second position in a longitudinal direction.Each fibrous layer 14 all includes until the fiber 21 of the first kind of the first border surface 15, e.g., and glass fibre.From the first border surface 15 to the second boundary surface 16, fibrous layer 14 mainly includes the fiber 23 of the 3rd type, e.g., steel fibre.From the second boundary surface 16, fibrous layer 14 mainly includes the fiber 22 of Second Type, e.g., carbon fiber.As shown in fig. 3, border surface 15,16 displacement in a longitudinal direction of different fibrous layers 14, in order to border surface 15 in a fibrous layer 14 and border surface 16 are relative to border surface 15,16 displacement of other layer any.Result, as as be clear that from the Fig. 3 of the ratio disclosed between three kinds of different types of fibers, it is thus achieved that mainly include the first area 11 of fiber 21 of the first kind and mainly include second types of fibers 22 second area between smooth transition.
As presented from Fig. 3 B, the ratio between fiber 21 and the fiber 23 of the 3rd type of the first kind substantially linearly reduces between first area 11 and second area 12 on the Part I of the transitional region 13 of neighbouring first area 11.Accordingly, the ratio between the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials 23 and the second reinforcing fiber materials 22 substantially linearly reduces on the Part II of the transitional region 13 in territory, adjacent second zone 12.
In addition, as shown in Figure 3 B, the displacement relative to each other of the spacing between the first border surface 15 in each fibrous layer 14 and the second boundary surface 16 and the border surface 15,16 in the layer 14 that each are different makes the ratio of the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials 23 substantial constant in the core 17 of transitional region 13.As shown in Figure 3 B, the core of transitional region 13 mainly includes the reinforcing fiber materials 23 of the 3rd type.
Except the first border surface 15 in each fibrous layer 14 between the second boundary surface 16 be smaller than the spacing shown in Fig. 3 A and the displacement between the border surface 15,16 in different layers 14 more than the displacement shown in Fig. 3 A in addition to, the 3rd embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A is similar to the 3rd embodiment shown in Fig. 3 A.
As shown in Figure 4 B, its Part I in the transitional region 13 of neighbouring first area 11 of the ratio between fiber 21 and the fiber 22 of Second Type of the first kind reduces.Additionally, the ratio between the fiber 23 of the 3rd type and the fiber 22 of Second Type reduces on the Part II of the transitional region 13 in territory, adjacent second zone 12.In the core 17 of transitional region 13, the ratio of the fiber 23 of the 3rd type is substantially constant.But, contrary with the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 B, the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B does not include the part only including the transitional region of the fiber 23 of the 3rd type.
Fig. 5 A is the diagrammatic view of the 4th embodiment of six stack layers 24 of the fiber 21 including mainly having the first kind, layer 24 longitudinally displacement, in order to provide the first inclined-plane border surface 18.This embodiment also includes six stack layers 25 mainly with the fiber 22 of Second Type, this layer longitudinally displacement, in order to provide the second inclined-plane border surface 19.On the top of the stack layer 24 that five stack layers 26 of the fiber 23 of the 3rd type are arranged in the fiber 21 of the first kind, and extend between the first inclined-plane border surface 18 and the second inclined-plane border surface 19, and on the relatively low surface of the stack layer 25 extending to the fiber 22 of Second Type.Thus, as shown in Figure 5 B, provide including the transitional region 13 of the fiber of all of three types and mainly including between the first area 11 of fiber 21 of the first kind and the second area 12 of fiber 22 mainly including Second Type.As visible towards second area 12 from first area 11, ratio between different types of fiber is as follows: in the part of the transitional region 13 of neighbouring first area 11, ratio between fiber and the fiber of the 3rd type of the first kind reduces, and then the ratio between fiber and the fiber of the 3rd type of the first kind is constant.Then the ratio between fiber and the fiber of the 3rd type of the first kind reduces again, mainly includes the core 17 of the fiber 23 of the 3rd type until wherein transitional region 13.After core 17, ratio between fiber and the fiber of Second Type of the 3rd type reduces, hereafter for constant and again reduce in the part of the transitional region 13 in territory, adjacent second zone 12.The fiber 21 of the first kind can be glass fibre, and the fiber 22 of Second Type can be carbon fiber, and the fiber 23 of the 3rd type can be metallic fiber, i.e. tinsel.By means of the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B, it is thus achieved that the transition more stably between first area 11 and second area 12.
Referring to Fig. 5 A, it should be noted that, replace being arranged on the top of stack layer 24 and being arranged on the relatively low surface of stack layer 25, mainly include the 3rd type fiber five stack layers 26 in each can be clipped in respectively between the layer of stack layer 24 and stack layer 25.Thus, will more easily produce this embodiment.
Fig. 6 discloses the change of as seen in longitudinal sectional view three kinds of different types of fibers of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.First area 11 the most only includes the fiber 21 of the first kind, e.g., glass fibre.Transitional region 13 includes the fiber 21 of the first kind of the ratio that is gradually reduced and the fiber 22 of the Second Type being gradually increased ratio, and also includes the fiber 23 of the 3rd type of scaling up.Second area 12 mainly includes the fiber 22 of Second Type and the fiber of the fiber 23 of the 3rd a small amount of type.As the result of the ratio shown by between different types of fiber, only include first kind fiber 21 first area 11 and include the fiber 21 of the first kind, the fiber 22 of Second Type and the 3rd type fiber 23 mixture transitional region 13 between provide smooth transition.In addition, include the mixture of fiber 23 of the fiber 21 of the first kind, the fiber 22 of Second Type and the 3rd type transitional region 13 and include the fiber 22 of Second Type and the fiber 23 of the 3rd type mixture second area 12 between provide smooth transition, but, second area 12 mainly includes the fiber 22 of Second Type.Thus, between first area and second area, obtain smooth transition.
Fig. 7 shows the change of three kinds of different types of fibers or the sixth embodiment as shown in longitudinal sectional view.First area 11 includes the fiber 21 of the first kind and the mixture of the fiber 23 of the 3rd type, but has the fiber 21 of the major amount of first kind.As from first area 11 towards finding on the direction of second area 12, transitional region 13 includes the fiber 21 of the first kind of reduction ratio, reduces the fiber 23 of the 3rd type of ratio and the fiber 22 of the Second Type of scaling up.Second area 12 only includes the fiber of Second Type fiber 22.Owing to the ratio between three kinds of different types of fibers gradually changes in transitional region 13, thus include the first area 11 of mixture (but mainly including the fiber 21 of the first kind) of first kind fiber and the 3rd types of fibers and only include Second Type fiber 22 second area 12 between obtain smooth transition.
In the example illustrated in figure 6 and figure 7, the fiber 21 of the first kind can be glass fibre, and the fiber 22 of Second Type can be carbon fiber, and the fiber 23 of the 3rd type can be steel fibre, i.e. steel wire.For described all embodiments, the other type of fiber in addition to glass fibre, carbon fiber and steel fibre can be used, as long as the fiber of the 3rd type is different from the fiber of the first kind and has elastic modelling quantity more higher than the elastic modelling quantity of the fiber of the first kind, and the fiber of Second Type is different from the fiber of the 3rd type and has the higher elastic modelling quantity of elastic modelling quantity of fiber than the 3rd type.

Claims (20)

  1. null1. a wind turbine blade (1)，There is the root area from described blade (2) and extend to the longitudinal direction (L) of tip (4)，Described blade includes at least one parts，Described parts are by including that polymeric matrix and the first reinforcing fiber materials (21) for glass fibre embedding in described polymeric matrix and the fibre reinforced composites for second reinforcing fiber materials (22) of carbon fiber are formed，Described blade also includes first area (11)、Second area (12) and the transitional region (13) between described first area (11) and described second area (12)，Described first area (11) mainly strengthens with described first reinforcing fiber materials (21)，Described second area (12) mainly strengthens with described second reinforcing fiber materials (22)，Described first reinforcing fiber materials and described second reinforcing fiber materials are different from each other and have different elastic modelling quantity，It is characterized in that，Described transitional region (13) also includes the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23)，Described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) is different from both described first reinforcing fiber materials (21) and described second reinforcing fiber materials (22)，And there is the elastic modelling quantity between the elastic modelling quantity and the elastic modelling quantity of described second reinforcing fiber materials of described first reinforcing fiber materials.
  2. Blade the most according to claim 1, wherein, described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) is made up of metallic fiber.
  3. Blade the most according to claim 2, wherein, described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) is made up of steel fibre.
  4. 4. according to the blade described in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, the amount of described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) is change in described transitional region (13), in order to relax the stiffness transition between the described glass fibre (21) in described first area (11) and the described carbon fiber (22) in described second area (12).
  5. 5. during according to the blade described in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, described transitional region (13) is arranged in the area of the longitudinal extension between described first area (11) and described second area (12).
  6. 6. according to the blade described in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, the ratio between ratio and described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) and described second reinforcing fiber materials (22) between described first reinforcing fiber materials (21) and described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) changes on the longitudinal direction of described transitional region (13) so that the elastic modelling quantity of described composite changes between described first area (11) and described second area (12) monotonously.
  7. 7. according to the blade described in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, the ratio between described first reinforcing fiber materials (21) and described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) reduces between described first area (11) and described second area (12) at least Part I of the described transitional region (13) of neighbouring described first area (11) monotonously.
  8. Blade the most according to claim 7, wherein, the ratio between described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) and described second reinforcing fiber materials (22) reduces between described first area (11) and described second area (12) at least Part II of the described transitional region (13) of neighbouring described second area (12) monotonously.
  9. Blade the most according to claim 8, wherein, the ratio of described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) is substantially invariable in the longitudinally central part (17) between the described Part I and described Part II of described transitional region (13).
  10. Blade the most according to claim 9, wherein, the described core (17) of described transitional region (13) mainly includes described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23).
  11. 11. according to the blade described in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, the fiber of described first reinforcing fiber materials (21) or fibre bundle extend from described first area (11) in different lengths and extend to described transitional region (13), the fiber of described second reinforcing fiber materials (22) or fibre bundle extend from described second area (12) with different length and extend to described transitional region (13), and the fiber of described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) or the fibre bundle described transitional region (13) between described first reinforcing fiber materials extended from described first area (11) and described second area (12) respectively and described second reinforcing fiber materials extend.
  12. null12. according to the blade described in claim 1 or claim 2，Wherein，Described transitional region (13) is formed by the laminate with some fibrous layers (14)，Wherein each fibrous layer (14) has the second boundary surface (16) of first border surface (15) of first position in the longitudinal direction and second position in the longitudinal direction，Described fibrous layer (14) includes the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) on the second side of the first reinforcing fiber materials (21) on the first side of described first border surface (15) and described first border surface (15)，Described fibrous layer (14) also includes the fiber of the fiber of the 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) on the first side of described the second boundary surface (16) and the second reinforcing fiber materials (22) on second side on described the second boundary surface (16)，I.e.，Described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials is between described first border surface and described the second boundary surface.
  13. 13. according to the blade described in claim 1 or claim 2, and wherein, described transitional region (13) includes described 3rd reinforcing fiber materials (23) on its gamut.
  14. 14. according to the blade described in claim 1 or claim 2, and wherein, described transitional region (13) has the length of at least 0.3 meter.
  15. 15. blades according to claim 14, wherein, described transitional region (13) has the length between 0.3 to 20 meters.
  16. 16. blades according to claim 15, wherein, described transitional region (13) has the length between 0.3 to 10 meters.
  17. 17. blades according to claim 16, wherein, described transitional region (13) has the length between 0.3 to 5 meters.
  18. 18. according to the blade described in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, the fiber of described first area (11), described second area (12) and described transitional region (13) is mainly in the upper orientation of described longitudinal direction (L) of described blade (1).
  19. 19. according to the blade described in claim 1 or claim 2, and wherein, at least one parts described are the bearing part of described blade.
  20. 20. blades according to claim 19, wherein, at least one parts described are the primary layer member portion of the shell structure of spar, crossbeam or described blade.
CN201280044261.2A 2011-07-20 2012-07-16 wind turbine blade with transition region Active CN103958835B (en)

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