CN103956490A - Synthetic method of high specific surface area lithium phosphate used for preparing phosphate Lithium-ion cathode material - Google Patents
Synthetic method of high specific surface area lithium phosphate used for preparing phosphate Lithium-ion cathode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103956490A CN103956490A CN201410167180.2A CN201410167180A CN103956490A CN 103956490 A CN103956490 A CN 103956490A CN 201410167180 A CN201410167180 A CN 201410167180A CN 103956490 A CN103956490 A CN 103956490A
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- phosphate
- lithium
- retort
- surface area
- specific surface
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/265—General methods for obtaining phosphates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a synthetic method of high specific surface area lithium phosphate used for preparing a phosphate Lithium-ion cathode material. The synthetic method comprises the following steps of adding ionized water in a reaction tank, feeding chilled water into a clamping sleeve, keeping the temperature in the reaction tank to be lower than 10 DEG C, and feeding nitrogen in the reaction tank while stirring; when dissolved oxygen in the reaction tank drops to 0.05mg/L, adding lithium hydrate, fully dissolving the lithium hydrate, vacuumizing the sealed reaction tank, stirring fiercely, slowly adding phosphoric acid into the reaction tank by using a liquid drop sprayer, wherein the adding speed is controlled so that the temperature in the reaction tank is not higher than 10 DEG C; at the end of reaction, stopping stirring, standing still for more than 24hours under the ordinary pressure; and carrying out spray drying on the slurry, carrying out fluid energy milling treatment on the powder generated after drying, thus obtaining the high specific surface area lithium phosphate powder. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that a process route is simple, raw materials are abundant, the method is particularly suitable for industrial production, the purity of a phosphate cathode material prepared from the powder is high, and a battery prepared by using the phosphate cathode material has good electrochemical properties.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology of preparing of anode material for lithium-ion batteries, particularly a kind of synthetic method of the high-specific surface area lithium phosphate for the preparation of phosphate lithium ion anode material.
Background technology
Goodenough in 1997 find the LiFePO of olivine-type structure first
4, research shows phosphate of olivine type class intercalation materials of li ions LiMPO
4(M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni etc.) have reversible removal lithium embedded function and higher structural stability.Particularly LiFePO
4because it has abundant raw materials, cheap, the features such as environmental friendliness, Heat stability is good during as positive electrode, cycle performance is good and safe, has entered the industrialization stage.In recent years, LiMnPO
4, LiCoPO
4also get the attention and further investigate.
Lithium phosphate is to produce phosphate cathode material LiMPO
4main precursor.Current main preparation methods: lithium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are carried out to neutralization reaction, by regulating pH value and adding precipitation reagent, remove the impurity such as Fe, Al, Ca, then react and obtain lithium phosphate with ammonium phosphate.The method has following defect, and the first, process is loaded down with trivial details, needs more than twice filter progress; The second, introduce a large amount of hydrochloric acid and ammonium, needing increases a large amount of water washings, has increased the control difficulty of product quality, and the rate of recovery is low; The 3rd, chloride all the time of synthetic lithium phosphate, therefore affects final products LiMPO
4electrical property.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to overcome the problem that prior art exists, provide a kind of process route simple, be applicable to large-scale industrial production, for the preparation of the synthetic method of the high-specific surface area lithium phosphate of phosphate lithium ion anode material.
For the preparation of a synthetic method for the high-specific surface area lithium phosphate of phosphate lithium ion anode material, adopt following steps:
The first step, joins a certain amount of deionized water in the cooling retort of jacketed, and chuck passes into chilled water, keeps the interior temperature of retort lower than 10 DEG C, and strong stirring in retort, passes into N simultaneously in retort
2, the dissolved oxygen concentration in retort is reduced to below 0.05mg/L, slowly add lithium hydroxide, until lithium hydroxide dissolves completely;
The quality adding at the deionized water described in the first step and the mass ratio of lithium hydroxide are 8 ~ 30:1.
Second step, vacuumizes the retort of sealing, and carries out strong stirring, speed of agitator is 500 ~ 1000rpm, use droplet discharging head that certain density phosphoric acid solution is added from retort top, control the speed that adds of solution, reacted under rear normal pressure and left standstill more than 24 hours.
Be 50% ~ 5% at the phosphoric acid solution mass fraction described in second step, described vacuum ranges is-0.01MPa ~-0.1MPa, the diameter of the phosphoric acid drop that described droplet discharging head sprays is 0.01 ~ 20mm, described phosphoric acid solution adds the adjustable range of speed to be, ensures in retort that temperature of charge is lower than 10 DEG C.
The 3rd step, pumps supernatant liquor, and by dry remaining slurry spraying, baking temperature is 250 ~ 300 DEG C, and dried powder is carried out to air-flow crushing processing, finally obtains the lithium phosphate powder of high-specific surface area.
In the 3rd step, the pressure limit of air-flow crushing is 0.3 ~ 0.8MPa.
Adopt after such scheme, compared with prior art, characteristics and advantages is in the present invention:
(1) course of reaction control reaction temperature is less than 10 DEG C and carry out under negative pressure, and the condition of negative pressure and low temperature makes that synthetic lithium phosphate product granularity is little, specific area large, active high;
(2) first logical nitrogen of reaction, makes the gas concentration lwevel that dissolves in deionized water in retort very low, has suppressed the generation of lithium carbonate, and the product purity obtaining is very high;
(3) use droplet discharging head to add phosphoric acid solution, phosphoric acid solution can be reacted with lithium hydroxide equably, be conducive to generate the lithium phosphate of high-specific surface area;
(4) technical process is simple, easy to operate, does not introduce other impurity simultaneously, and product purity is high;
(5)the lithium phosphate precursor that utilizes the method to prepare, specific area can reach 200m
2/ g; Adopt the synthetic lithium ion anode material of this lithium phosphate aspect electrical property, to obtain significant raising.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the XRD figure of the prepared lithium phosphate material of embodiment 1, and wherein abscissa is angle of diffraction 2 θ (degree), and ordinate is diffracted intensity (a.u);
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the prepared lithium phosphate material of embodiment 1;
Table 1 is the specific area of synthesized lithium phosphate in embodiment 1 ~ 6 and makes the electrical property after phosphate cathode material.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
In retort, add 3.5L deionized water, chuck leads to chilled water, keeps temperature in retort lower than 10 DEG C, to pass into while stirring nitrogen in retort.When dissolved oxygen amount is reduced to 0.05mg/L in question response tank, slowly add 9.0mol lithium hydroxide.After lithium hydroxide dissolves completely, retort to sealing vacuumizes, vacuum degree is-0.08MPa, strong stirring, speed of agitator is 900rpm, be that 8% phosphoric acid droplet discharging head slowly adds in retort by 3.0mol mass fraction, control and add speed, make in adition process that in retort, temperature can not be higher than 10 DEG C.After having reacted, stop stirring, and leave standstill more than 24 hours under normal pressure.Pump supernatant liquor, remaining slurry is spray-dried, and baking temperature is 300 DEG C, and dry rear powder carries out air-flow crushing processing, and pulverizing pressure is 0.6MPa, obtains the lithium phosphate powder of specific area.The specific area of synthetic lithium phosphate is 201.8m
2/ g.
Wherein Fig. 1 is the XRD figure for preparing lithium phosphate material, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the prepared lithium phosphate material of Fig. 2.
Synthetic LiFePO
4/ C: synthetic lithium phosphate, 3.0mol ferrous sulfate, 10g ascorbic acid and 3.0L deionized water are joined in autoclave, 200 DEG C are incubated 3 hours, after cooling cleaning, add 50g glucose, the dry powder that forms of spraying, 750 DEG C of sintering obtain the coated LiFePO of carbon for 6 hours
4/ C material.
Synthetic LiMn
2/3fe
1/3pO
4/ C: synthetic lithium phosphate, 2.0mol manganese phosphate, 1.0mol ferrous sulfate, 10g ascorbic acid and 3.0L deionized water are joined in autoclave, 200 DEG C are incubated 3 hours, after cooling cleaning, add 50g glucose, the dry powder that forms of spraying, 750 DEG C of sintering obtain the coated LiMn of carbon for 6 hours
2/3fe
1/3pO
4/ C material.
Cell evaluation: by the material preparing, conductive agent acetylene black and binding agent PVDF in mass ratio for 75:15:10 is made into positive plate, adopt coin shape simulated battery to carry out battery assembling to prepared electrode slice, be wherein metal lithium sheet to electrode, barrier film is Celgard2325 composite membrane.The button cell of making is 0.1C(1C=170mAh/g in 2.5 ~ 4.5V voltage range) constant current charge-discharge test.
Table 1 has been listed the capacity of the battery of doing.
Embodiment 2
In retort, add 3.5L deionized water, the obstructed chilled water of chuck, passes into nitrogen while stirring in retort.When dissolved oxygen amount is reduced to 0.05mg/L in question response tank, slowly add 9.0mol lithium hydroxide.After lithium hydroxide dissolves completely, the retort of sealing is vacuumized, vacuum degree is-0.05MPa, strong stirring, speed of agitator is 900rpm, is that 8% phosphoric acid droplet discharging head adds in retort by 3.0mol mass fraction, and in course of reaction, in retort, temperature is up to 45 DEG C.After having reacted, stop stirring, and leave standstill more than 24 hours under normal pressure.Pump supernatant liquor, remaining slurry is spray-dried, and baking temperature is 300 DEG C, and dry rear powder carries out air-flow crushing processing, and pulverizing pressure is 0.6MPa, obtains the lithium phosphate powder of specific area.The specific area of synthetic lithium phosphate is 79.6m
2/ g.
By the method for embodiment 1, synthetic lithium phosphate is made to LiFePO
4/ C and LiMn
2/3fe
1/3pO
4/ C.And be made into button electricity, discharge and recharge with 0.1C.
1 contrast is found with embodiment, and when obstructed cooling water, reaction temperature rises, and the BET value of synthetic lithium phosphate is very little.The capacity of making battery after synthetic phosphate cathode material also reduces.
Embodiment 3
In retort, add 3.5L deionized water, the obstructed chilled water of chuck, passes into nitrogen while stirring in retort.When dissolved oxygen amount is reduced to 0.05mg/L in question response tank, slowly add 9.0mol lithium hydroxide.After lithium hydroxide dissolves completely, the retort of sealing is vacuumized, vacuum degree is-0.08MPa, strong stirring, speed of agitator is 900rpm, is that 8% phosphoric acid is directly poured in retort by 3.0mol mass fraction, and in course of reaction, in retort, temperature is up to 50 DEG C.After having reacted, stop stirring, and leave standstill more than 24 hours under normal pressure.Pump supernatant liquor, remaining slurry is spray-dried, and baking temperature is 300 DEG C, and dry rear powder carries out air-flow crushing processing, and pulverizing pressure is 0.6MPa, obtains the lithium phosphate powder of specific area.The specific area of synthetic lithium phosphate is 36.0m
2/ g.
By the method for embodiment 1, synthetic lithium phosphate is made to LiFePO
4/ C and LiMn
2/3fe
1/3pO
4/ C.And be made into button electricity, discharge and recharge with 0.1C.
2 contrasts are found with embodiment, and when obstructed cooling water, do not adopt droplet discharging head, reaction temperature rises higher, and the BET value of synthetic lithium phosphate is less.The capacity of making battery after synthetic phosphate cathode material is also lower.
Embodiment 4
In retort, add 3.5L deionized water, chuck leads to chilled water, keeps temperature in retort lower than 10 DEG C, to pass into while stirring nitrogen in retort.When dissolved oxygen amount is reduced to 0.05mg/L in question response tank, slowly add 9.0mol lithium hydroxide.After lithium hydroxide dissolves completely, strong stirring, speed of agitator is 900rpm, is that 8% phosphoric acid droplet discharging head slowly adds in retort by 3.0mol mass fraction, controls and adds speed, makes in adition process that in retort, temperature can not be higher than 10 DEG C.After having reacted, stop stirring, leave standstill more than 24 hours.Pump supernatant liquor, remaining slurry is spray-dried, and baking temperature is 300 DEG C, and dry rear powder carries out air-flow crushing processing, and pulverizing pressure is 0.6MPa, obtains the lithium phosphate powder of specific area.The specific area of synthetic lithium phosphate is 160.2m
2/ g.
By the method for embodiment 1, synthetic lithium phosphate is made to LiFePO
4/ C and LiMn
2/3fe
1/3pO
4/ C.And be made into button electricity, discharge and recharge with 0.1C.
1 contrast is found with embodiment, and reaction is not vacuumizing under condition of negative pressure, and the BET value of synthetic lithium phosphate is less.The capacity of making battery after synthetic phosphate cathode material decreases.
Embodiment 5
In retort, add 3.5L deionized water, chuck leads to chilled water, keeps temperature in retort lower than 10 DEG C, to start to stir, and add 9.0mol lithium hydroxide in retort.After lithium hydroxide dissolves completely, strong stirring, speed of agitator is 900rpm, is that 8% phosphoric acid droplet discharging head slowly adds in retort by 3.0mol mass fraction, controls and adds speed, makes in adition process that in retort, temperature can not be higher than 10 DEG C.After having reacted, stop stirring, leave standstill more than 24 hours.Pump supernatant liquor, remaining slurry is spray-dried, and baking temperature is 300 DEG C, and dry rear powder carries out air-flow crushing processing, and pulverizing pressure is 0.6MPa, obtains the lithium phosphate powder of specific area.The specific area of synthetic lithium phosphate is 149.5m
2/ g.
By the method for embodiment 1, synthetic lithium phosphate is made to LiFePO
4/ C and LiMn
2/3fe
1/3pO
4/ C.And be made into button electricity, discharge and recharge with 0.1C.
1 contrast is found with embodiment, the obstructed nitrogen of course of reaction, and the BET value of synthetic lithium phosphate is less.The capacity of making battery after synthetic phosphate cathode material decreases.
Embodiment 6
In retort, add 3.5L deionized water, chuck leads to chilled water, keeps temperature in retort lower than 10 DEG C, to pass into while stirring nitrogen in retort.When dissolved oxygen amount is reduced to 0.05mg/L in question response tank, slowly add 9.0mol lithium hydroxide.After lithium hydroxide dissolves completely, retort to sealing vacuumizes, vacuum degree is-0.08MPa strong stirring, speed of agitator is 900rpm, be that 50% phosphoric acid droplet discharging head slowly adds in retort by 3.0mol mass fraction, control adds speed, makes in adition process that in retort, temperature can not be higher than 10 DEG C.After having reacted, stop stirring, and leave standstill more than 24 hours under normal pressure.Pump supernatant liquor, remaining slurry is spray-dried, and baking temperature is 300 DEG C, and dry rear powder carries out air-flow crushing processing, and pulverizing pressure is 0.6MPa, obtains the lithium phosphate powder of specific area.The specific area of synthetic lithium phosphate is 190.1m
2/ g.
By the method for embodiment 1, synthetic lithium phosphate is made to LiFePO
4/ C and LiMn
2/3fe
1/3pO
4/ C.And be made into button electricity, discharge and recharge with 0.1C.
1 contrast is found with embodiment, and the mass fraction of phosphoric acid is increased to 50%, and the BET value of synthetic lithium phosphate is less, but still is the lithium phosphate of high-specific surface area.The capacity of making battery after synthetic phosphate cathode material is also very high.
The lithium phosphate BET value that table 1 embodiment 1-6 is synthetic and the specific capacity of synthesized phosphate cathode material
Claims (7)
1. for the preparation of a synthetic method for the high-specific surface area lithium phosphate of phosphate lithium ion anode material, it is characterized in that adopting following steps:
The first step, joins deionized water in the cooling retort of jacketed, and chuck passes into chilled water, keeps the interior temperature of retort lower than 10 DEG C, and strong stirring in retort, passes into N simultaneously in retort
2, the dissolved oxygen concentration in retort is reduced to below 0.05mg/L, slowly add lithium hydroxide, until lithium hydroxide dissolves completely.
2. second step, vacuumizes the retort of sealing, and carries out strong stirring, speed of agitator is 500 ~ 1000rpm, use droplet discharging head that phosphoric acid solution is added from retort top, control the speed that adds of solution, reacted under rear normal pressure and left standstill more than 24 hours.
3. the 3rd step, pumps supernatant liquor, and by dry remaining slurry spraying, baking temperature is 250 ~ 300 DEG C, and dried powder is carried out to air-flow crushing processing, finally obtains the lithium phosphate powder of high-specific surface area.
4. a kind of synthetic method of the high-specific surface area lithium phosphate for the preparation of phosphate lithium ion anode material according to claim 1, is characterized in that quality that the deionized water described in the first step adds and the mass ratio of lithium hydroxide are 8 ~ 30:1.
5. a kind of synthetic method of the high-specific surface area lithium phosphate for the preparation of phosphate lithium ion anode material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the phosphoric acid solution mass fraction described in second step is 50% ~ 5%, described vacuum ranges is-0.01MPa ~-0.1MPa that the diameter of the phosphoric acid drop that described droplet discharging head sprays is 0.01 ~ 20mm.
6. a kind of synthetic method of the high-specific surface area lithium phosphate for the preparation of phosphate lithium ion anode material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the phosphoric acid solution described in second step adds the adjustable range of speed to be, ensure in retort that temperature of charge is lower than 10 DEG C.
7. a kind of synthetic method of the high-specific surface area lithium phosphate for the preparation of phosphate lithium ion anode material according to claim 1, the pressure limit that it is characterized in that air-flow crushing in the 3rd step is 0.3 ~ 0.8MPa.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115124010A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-30 | 湖北万润新能源科技股份有限公司 | Manganese (II) phosphate nanosheet and lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115124010A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-30 | 湖北万润新能源科技股份有限公司 | Manganese (II) phosphate nanosheet and lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode material and preparation method thereof |
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