CN103955181A - Safety interlocking method reducing spurious trip of compressor - Google Patents
Safety interlocking method reducing spurious trip of compressor Download PDFInfo
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- CN103955181A CN103955181A CN201410146247.4A CN201410146247A CN103955181A CN 103955181 A CN103955181 A CN 103955181A CN 201410146247 A CN201410146247 A CN 201410146247A CN 103955181 A CN103955181 A CN 103955181A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a safety interlocking method reducing the spurious trip of a compressor. The safety interlocking method reducing the spurious trip of the compressor mainly solves the problem that the STR of a compressor in the prior art is high. According to the safety interlocking method reducing the spurious trip of the compressor, due to the danger and risk analysis of the compressor, the SIL of a safety instrument system is determined; the STR of the compressor is reduced by changing redundant structures of all safety interlocking circuits. The method includes the following steps that firstly, an SIF circuit is identified; secondly, the SIL is ranked, the LOPA is applied, and the SILs needed by all SIF circuits are determined; thirdly, an SIL rank verification calculation is conducted; fourthly, the redundant structures of the SIF circuits are adjusted, the problem is well solved according to the technical scheme for reducing the STR of the compressor, and the method can be used in safety interlocking of the compressor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of safety interlocking method that reduces compressor mistakenly stop car.
Background technology
In process industrial field; particularly in petrochemical process; the effect of safety instrumented systems (Safety Instrumented System-SIS) is very important; it is important protective seam; bearing in process of production monitoring and security-related state parameter, take measures in time while finding fault or the dangerous situation such as abnormal important with Accident prevention generation etc., safety instrument function, be widely used at present the process industrial fields such as oil, chemical industry.Therefore the security performance of safety instrumented systems is directly connected to security control and the safeguard protection level of various dangerous matter sources, complete equipment, and then is directly connected to safety in production level.Such as: when boiler pressure reaches certain value, valve is opened automatically, in mine hazardous gas acquire a certain degree alarm and automatically open ventilation equipment, when having people to enter the explosive area of electric saw, electric saw stops action etc. automatically, this is all that safety instrumented systems is being carried out function of safety protection, national economy and technical merit are higher, and the application of such safety instrumented systems is just more general.Safety instrumented systems has guaranteed the security of operation of set of equipments or complete equipment, for the loss that reduces industrial accident, minimizing personnel and property, has played immeasurable effect.Once its disabler, just may cause sizable loss of personal property, if safety instrumented systems design is unreasonable, often cause device unplanned shutdown, will be to enterprise with huge economic loss, the huge potential threat of having returned personnel, environment band.
CN 201010577606 relates to a kind of functional safety appraisal procedure of safety instrumented systems, for safety instrumented systems being carried out to authentic simulation, monitoring and functional safety assessment, and the situation of change of research safety instrument system common cause failure, method comprises: safety instrumented systems carries out functional safety control to controlled system; Safety instrumented systems is carried out to initial risks analysis, determine safety integrity level; Whether authenticating security instrument system reaches determined safety integrity level; Change composition structure or the component devices of safety instrumented systems.
Compressor is as one of the most frequently used moving equipment of petrochemical unit, and its reliability directly has influence on the safe and stable operation of device.Designers are compressor design, and safety instrumented systems (as large in shaft vibration, axial translation is large, bearing temperature is high) is protected the safety of equipment; but unreasonable due to safety instrumented systems design; often can cause compressor mistakenly stop car, and then cause package unit to stop work.
How, under the prerequisite of the machine of guarantee compressor safety, reduce the mistake stop frequency of machine compressor, become the problem that people are more and more concerned about.It is therefore, reasonable, feasible that safety instrumented systems is set is significant for ensuring equipment safe and stable operation.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the higher problem of compressor mistake parking rate in prior art, and a kind of safety interlocking method of new minimizing compressor mistakenly stop car is provided.The method, for the safety interlocking of compressor, has advantages of that compressor mistake parking rate is lower.
For addressing the above problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: a kind of safety interlocking method that reduces compressor mistakenly stop car, by danger and the venture analysis of compressor, determine the safety integrity level (SIL) of the safety instrumented systems relevant to compressor, meeting under the prerequisite of target SIL grade, by changing the redundancy structure of each safe interlocking circuit of compressor, the mistake parking rate (STR) that reduces compressor, comprises following step: the identification in safety instrument function (SIF) loop of (1) compressor; (2) SIL deciding grade and level, applies layer of protection analysis (LOPA), determines the required SIL in each SIF loop of compressor; (3) adopt fault tree analysis (FTA) method, in conjunction with specialty analysis software, carry out the calculating of SIL level authentication; (4) adjust the redundancy structure in the SIF loop of compressor, reduce the STR of compressor.
In technique scheme; preferably; the identification in described SIF loop; according to data such as the process chart of compressor (PFD), pipeline and meter diagram (P & ID), interlocking explanations; adopt the reason of the various parameter errors generations of hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) method identification and analysis and the consequence of this deviation institute remaining years; find out existing safeguard protection facility the measure of advising, further reduce risk class.The SIF loop that combing is existing and suggestion increases, and list SIF inventory.
In technique scheme, preferably, described application LOPA, from the basis of qualitative hazard analysis, further assesses the validity of protective seam, its objective is and determines whether that enough protective seams make risk meet company standard.As shown in Figure 1, wherein IPL is independent protection layer to the base program of layer of protection analysis.
In technique scheme, preferably, described employing Development of FTA Software, according to Boolean logic, figure the mutual relationship between system specific fault, the oriented logical diagram of fault is described in foundation from result to reason, inputs the failure parameter of each elementary event, carries out SIL checking and calculates.
In technique scheme, preferably, described safety interlocking comprise that steam turbine outlet temperature height is high, the total pipe pressure of compressor lubricant oil is low, compressor gearbox high-speed bearing anti-drive end vibration HH, the high high interlocking of compressor lubricant station filter outlet temperature.
Clearly, identification SIF(Safety Instrumented Function exactly), be one of primary work of analyzing of SIL deciding grade and level.In IEC61508, define safety instrument function for " reduce by the safe related system of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic, the safe related system of other technologies or Outer risks the function that facility is carried out, this function makes for a certain particular risk event or to maintain controlled plant in a safe condition ".The safe condition of controlled plant is defined as the state of having broken away from unacceptable risk.IEC61511 definition safety instrument function is " have certain specific SIL, in order to reach the security function of functional safety, it can be both an instrument safety defencive function, can be also that instrument safety is controlled function ".In other words, safety instrument function is exactly the action that safety instrumented systems is taked for the safety of whole process when potential danger occurs.In order to make process enter safe condition, this action must be carried out with certain probability, the safety integrity level of this function that Here it is.
SIS(Safety Instrumented Systems) the required SIL in SIF loop be by the risk after assessment safety instrument disabler and definite, these risks comprise casualties, environmental disruption and economic loss.The present invention's application layer of protection analysis (LOPA), determines the SIL that each SIF loop is required.LOPA sets about from data dangerous and that operability analysis is derived, by documenting, is caused reason and prevention or is alleviated the danger that dangerous protective seam calculates each identification.So just can determine the total amount of Risk Reduction and whether need further to reduce the risk of analyzing.And if Risk Reduction as additional in need is the form with a SIF, provide this reduction, LOPA method allows to determine the SIL of suitable SIF.
Fault tree analysis (FTA) is to figure the mutual relationship between system specific fault according to Boolean logic, and it is that the fundamental cause that fault is occurred is carried out rational analysis, then sets up the oriented logical diagram of describing fault from result to reason.Its ultimate principle is target and the starting point using the malfunction least wish occurring in institute's Study system or event of failure as fault analysis, then, in system, find the whole factors that directly cause this fault to occur, ground floor reason event using it as the fault of not wishing to occur, each reason event of then take again in this one deck is starting point, find respectively whole factors of the next stage that causes each reason event generation, by that analogy, until trace that those are original, failure mechanism or probability distribution be all known factor.With it describe that the cause-effect relationship of fault is intuitive, clear, clear thinking, logicality be strong, both can qualitative analysis, again can quantitative test.
This patent adopts a kind of semiquantitative hazard analysis, methods of risk assessment, solve " security " and " availability " problem in compressor day-to-day operation process, by danger and venture analysis, determine the reliability index of safety instrumented systems, be SIL, meeting under the prerequisite of target SIL grade, by changing the redundancy structure of each safe interlocking circuit, reduce the mistake parking rate STR of compressor, can guarantee under the situation of compressor safe operation, in alap reduction compressor operating, malfunction causes the frequency of stopping, avoid due to the caused unplanned parking of compressor, greatly promoted compressor safe and stable operation, obtained good technique effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the base program structural representation of layer of protection analysis of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is one of mistake parking rate analytical model of setting up according to Fault Tree Analysis of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is two of the mistake parking rate analytical model of setting up according to Fault Tree Analysis of the present invention.
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further elaborated, but be not limited only to the present embodiment.
Embodiment
[embodiment 1]
Compressor K-301 is reduced embodiment checking and the explanation of its parking rate on certain petrochemical unit, comprise the steps:
1, safety instrument function identification
The related datas such as cause and effect plan of locking according to compressor K-301, carry out safety instrument function identification, and result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1K-301 safe interlocking circuit complete list
2, safety integrity (SIL) deciding grade and level
Security function, trigger event or reason and the risk status etc. in 26 SIF loops that compressor K-301 is picked out have carried out analysing item by item and record being discussed.Consider the required SIL grade of casualties risk, environmental impact risk and economic loss risk, then select SIL grade that wherein demand is higher as the SIL grade of specific SIF loop requirements.SIL deciding grade and level result is as shown in table 2.
3, SIL checking and STR calculate
Adopt Fault Tree Analysis, set up mathematical model, bring fail data into, carry out the calculating of SIL level authentication, accordance evaluation result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2K-301 accordance evaluation result
Adopt Fault Tree Analysis, set up mistake parking rate computation model, bring safe fail data into, miss parking rate and calculate.Mistakenly stop car computation model as shown in Figure 2.
The mistake parking rate that calculates K-301 is STR1=5.70E-1, and the mistake parking rate of K-301 is 0.57 times/year.
4, system mistake parking rate reduces scheme
Now, all change the redundancy structure of SIF01, SIF02, SIF03, SIF12, SIF13, SIF14, SIF15, SIF16, SIF17, SIF18, SIF19, SIF24, SIF25 into 2oo2, the PFD that again calculates each safe interlocking circuit is as shown in table 3.
K-301 accordance evaluation result after table 3 is adjusted
As can be seen from the above results, after adjusting redundancy structure, still can meet the reliability index SIL grade of safety instrumented systems.
According to above redundancy structure, set up mistake parking rate computation model, as shown in Figure 3.
The redundancy structure of adjusting mistake parking rate computation model, calculates: STR2=2.30E-1, the mistake parking rate of K-301 is 0.23 times/year.
Claims (5)
1. a safety interlocking method that reduces compressor mistakenly stop car, by danger and the venture analysis of compressor, determine the safety integrity level (SIL) of the safety instrumented systems relevant to compressor, meeting under the prerequisite of target SIL grade, by changing the redundancy structure of each safe interlocking circuit of compressor, the mistake parking rate (STR) that reduces compressor, comprises following step:
(1) identification in safety instrument function (SIF) loop of compressor;
(2) SIL deciding grade and level, applies layer of protection analysis (LOPA), determines the required SIL in each SIF loop of compressor;
(3) adopt fault tree analysis (FTA) method, in conjunction with specialty analysis software, carry out the calculating of SIL level authentication;
(4) adjust the redundancy structure in the SIF loop of compressor, reduce the STR of compressor.
2. reduce according to claim 1 the safety interlocking method of compressor mistakenly stop car; it is characterized in that the identification in described SIF loop; according to data such as the process chart of compressor (PFD), pipeline and meter diagram (P & ID), interlocking explanations; adopt the reason of the various parameter errors generations of hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) method identification and analysis and the consequence of this deviation institute remaining years; find out existing safeguard protection facility the measure of advising, further reduce risk class.The SIF loop that combing is existing and suggestion increases, and list SIF inventory.
3. reduce according to claim 1 the safety interlocking method of compressor mistakenly stop car, it is characterized in that described application LOPA, from the basis of qualitative hazard analysis, further assesses the validity of protective seam, the base program of layer of protection analysis as shown in Figure 1.
4. reduce according to claim 1 the safety interlocking method of compressor mistakenly stop car, it is characterized in that described employing Development of FTA Software, according to Boolean logic, figure the mutual relationship between system specific fault, the oriented logical diagram of fault is described in foundation from result to reason, input the failure parameter of each elementary event, carry out SIL checking and calculate.
5. reduce according to claim 1 the safety interlocking method of compressor mistakenly stop car, it is characterized in that described safety interlocking comprises that steam turbine outlet temperature height is high, the total pipe pressure of compressor lubricant oil is low, compressor gearbox high-speed bearing anti-drive end vibration HH, the high high interlocking of compressor lubricant station filter outlet temperature.
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| CN201410146247.4A CN103955181A (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-04-11 | Safety interlocking method reducing spurious trip of compressor |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104678955A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-06-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Risk-based optimization method for safety instrument system of heating furnace |
| CN106959018A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method of controlling security for preventing tubular heater boiler tube from burning |
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| US20090012631A1 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Dale Fuller | Automation safety life cycle |
| CN201251708Y (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-06-03 | 江苏工业学院 | An online diagnosis and management system of HART instrument |
| CN102034025A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2011-04-27 | 北京市劳动保护科学研究所 | Method for evaluating functional safety of safety instrument system |
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| US20090012631A1 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Dale Fuller | Automation safety life cycle |
| CN201251708Y (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-06-03 | 江苏工业学院 | An online diagnosis and management system of HART instrument |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104678955A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-06-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Risk-based optimization method for safety instrument system of heating furnace |
| CN106959018A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method of controlling security for preventing tubular heater boiler tube from burning |
| CN106959018B (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-12-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method of controlling security for preventing tubular heater boiler tube from burning |
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Address after: Yanan City, Shandong province Qingdao City three road 266071 No. 218 Applicant after: Sinopec Corp. Applicant after: Qingdao Safety Engineering Research Institute of Sinopec Co., Ltd. Address before: 100728 Beijing, Chaoyangmen, North Street, No. 22, No. Applicant before: Sinopec Corp. Applicant before: Qingdao Safety Engineering Research Institute of Sinopec Co., Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20140730 |