CN103954542B - Based on the PM2.5 concentration detectors that non-reference picture definition is evaluated - Google Patents
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Abstract
Based on the PM2.5 concentration detectors that non-reference picture definition is evaluated, mainly include image definition evaluation unit, the image of object at different distance is shot by camera, non-reference picture definition evaluation method is adopted after being converted to gray level image, gray level image is divided into into 64 × 64 block of pixels, calculating edge blurry detection probability P after comparing with threshold value T=0.2% set in advance, to being divided into edge pixel blockBLUR, then calculate the fuzzy cumulative probability CPBD value of view picture gray level image, then CPBD threshold values P with exceptional visibility imageMost preferably, preferable image CPBD values interval [PIt is minimum, PIt is maximum] be compared, determine object to be measured；Laser ranging unit, finds range to object to be measured determined by image definition evaluation unit, for determining range of visibility value；PM2.5 concentration display units, according to scattering coefficient and the relation of visibility relation, scattering coefficient and PM2.5 concentration, are calculated and be shown the concentration value of PM2.5.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to PM2.5 Concentration Detections field, more particularly to a kind of detection method and energy of image definition
Degree of opinion measurement apparatus.
Background technology
In each big-and-middle small city of China, due to haze pollution level it is increasingly severe, so to PM2.5 concentration in haze
Detection is just particularly important.The main constituents of haze include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and pellet etc., and
The formation of haze has close relationship with the concentration of PM2.5 particulate matters in air, and the concentration of PM2.5 particulate matters is directly affected
Earth's surface visibility.
Common means are to be distributed haze monitor in multiple different locations, and the monitoring means of this spot distribution is to pass through
Statistics and supposition are reached a conclusion, and often there is larger difference with true haze concentration, and are difficult to what is measured whenever and wherever possible
Purpose.Traditional haze is differentiated by artificial observation, and is analyzed with reference to meteorological elements such as relative humidity, has the disadvantage measurement essence
Degree is not high.
Image quality evaluation is an important research direction of image processing field, and image quality evaluation is broadly divided into：Entirely
Reference image quality appraisement, non-reference picture quality appraisement, simplify reference image quality appraisement.Current image quality evaluation is entered
The full reference image quality appraisement mainly in gray level image, and the primary evaluation image situation that degrades after treatment are opened up, all
Need to reference picture and be evaluated image and carry out calculated crosswise, be unfavorable for the quality evaluation of Large Graph picture.
Definition is for measuring one of index of picture quality.Some sharpness metric methods are had at present, portion big absolutely
Divide algorithm to be all that some characteristic quantities that can reflect image definition to a certain extent are extracted from image, made with these characteristic quantities
For the sharpness metric value of image, these characteristic quantities have certain effect, but the defect of generally existing scope of application relatively narrower,
There can only be certain effect to some specific images, further, since scene differs greatly, the feature obtained by different scenes
There might not be comparativity between amount.At present, the existing wide research of Image Definition, common image are clear
Clear degree evaluation function has following several：Based on the evaluation function of frequency characteristic of field, such as frequency spectrum function；Commenting based on space domain characteristic
Valency function, such as Brenner functions, variance function, Vollath functions, adding window gradient function constant gradient function.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of detector of measurement PM2.5 concentration, can by the definition of image come
Judge visibility, and the concentration of PM2.5 is calculated and be shown by visibility.
The technical problem of solution：Find out relation between range of visibility and PM2.5 concentration, image definition and visibility
Relation, for the problem for overcoming current various Measurement for Digital Image Definition to exist, the present invention proposes a kind of with fuzzy tired
Measurement for Digital Image Definition of the product probability for evaluation index, the method calculates simple.
The PM2.5 concentration detectors evaluated based on non-reference picture definition provided by the present invention, including image clearly
Degree evaluation unit (1), laser ranging unit (2), wherein PM2.5 concentration display units (3), described image definition evaluation unit
(1) shoot the image of different target thing and calculate and process the fuzzy cumulative probability for obtaining image, by clearly locating figure with visibility
The fuzzy cumulative probability threshold value of picture compares, so that it is determined that final goal thing, laser ranging unit (2) measurement final goal thing away from
From PM2.5 concentration display units (3) determines visibility by visibility and PM2.5 concentration relationships and calculates and show that PM2.5 is dense
Degree.
To reach object above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows：
The present invention provides a kind of definition evaluation method of non-reference picture, and which it is critical only that：
(1) image definition evaluation unit (1) shoots the object at different distance, and by the figure of captured object
As being converted to gray level image.
(2) select to have been converted into the be evaluated image of the gray level image as image definition evaluation unit (1) of work(, and
The block of pixels that image is divided into 64 × 64 will be evaluated.
(3) judge the quantity of edge pixel in each block of pixels whether more than or equal to the block of pixels pixel total amount
0.2%, if being then judged to edge pixel block, otherwise it is judged to non-edge pixels block.
(4) gray value of each pixel for being evaluated image is obtained, and calculates pixel gray value in each block of pixels
Difference C of maximum and minimum of a value, the measurable fuzzy width W based on adjacent edges local contrastJNB(ei), edge picture
Measurement width W (ei) of element, the measurable fuzzy width W based on adjacent edges local contrastJNB(ei) value is by institute
Difference C for stating pixel gray value maximum and minimum of a value in each block of pixels is determined, when C >=51, WJNB(ei)=3；Work as C
When≤50, WJNB(ei)=5.
(5) calculate edge blurry detection probability PBLUR, and with default threshold value PJNBIt is compared,
Edge blurry detection probability PBLURObtained by following formula：
It is 3.6 that parameter beta has an intermediate value.
(6) fuzzy detection cumulative probability function CPBD is set up, the fuzzy detection cumulative probability function CPBD is obtained by following formula
Arrive：
P (the PBLUR) represent a given PBLURThe probable value of distribution function,
The PJNBRepresent as W (ei)=WJNB(ei) fuzzy detection probability when.
According to above-mentioned definition detection method, the different various targets of tested person personal observations are allowed under the conditions of different weather
Thing, chooses the object at the exceptional visibility that different tested person personnel think, using PM2.5 Concentration Testings of the present invention
The image definition evaluation unit (1) of instrument shoots the image of respective objects thing, and provides a kind of non-reference picture using the present invention
Definition evaluation method line definition evaluation entered to the image for shooting, obtain the CPBD values of different images.Select several most
Number tested person personnel think the CPBD values of the target object image of visibility the best of it, with the method for mathematical statistics, take this group of number
According to intermediate value as evaluate exceptional visibility image CPBD threshold values PMost preferably, choose minimum of a value and the maximum conduct of this group of data
Judge the interval [P of the CPBD values of the preferable image of visibilityIt is minimum, PIt is maximum]。
According to visibility measurement method of the present invention, using the image of PM2.5 concentration detectors of the present invention
Definition evaluation unit (1) shoots the object at different distance, calculates the CPBD values of the corresponding gray level image of each object, sentences
The disconnected CPBD values for whether having object are equal to PMost preferably, if the CPBD values of object are equal to PMost preferably, determine that corresponding gray-scale map
As corresponding object is visibility object to be measured.If the CPBD values for not having object are equal to PMost preferably, then determine whether
The CPBD values of object are in interval [PIt is minimum, PIt is maximum] in, if CPBD values are in interval [PIt is minimum, PIt is maximum] in determine that it is corresponding
Object corresponding to gray level image is visibility object to be measured.
According to the visibility object to be measured that said method determines, using swashing for the described PM2.5 concentration detectors of invention
Ligh-ranging unit (2) measures the distance of respective objects thing.
According to the range of visibility value that said method is determined, using PM2.5 concentration display unit (3) provided by the present invention
The PM2.5 concentration at measurement moment is calculated and be shown.
According to a kind of detector of above-mentioned PM2.5 concentration, the present invention provides a kind of visibility and PM2.5 concentration relationships,
Because the wavelength of visible ray is at 0.4～0.7 μm, and the particle diameter of the main composition particulate matter of PM2.5 is also in this size model
In enclosing, and this partial particulate thing has very strong delustring astigmatism power to visible ray, so the concentration of PM2.5 particulate matters and scattering
Coefficient is presented positively related relation, and coefficient correlation is 0.85；Scattering coefficient is to describe the strong and weak parameter of scattering degree, the coefficient
Bigger, delustring scattering power is stronger, is specifically exactly, and the particle concentration suspended in air is higher, and scattering coefficient is bigger,
Cause visibility to reduce, scattering coefficient is presented negatively correlated with visibility, and coefficient correlation is -0.74.Thus in figures 4 and 5
Corresponding PM2.5 concentration is found out according to visibility measurement value.
According to the calculation of above-mentioned PM2.5 concentration, the PM2.5 concentration at measurement moment is included into the PM2.5 in detector
Concentration display unit (3).
The present invention has the advantages that：
(1) can be to the edge pixel block in the gray level image of captured image, according to its edge blurry number of pixels
Statistical value PBLUR, by the calculating for obscuring cumulative probability CPBD, the definition of evaluation image.There is (1) not rely on reference picture
Mutual calculating, (2) quality of the evaluable reference picture of the comparison of different size image definition, (3) itself can be realized, be not required to
The advantage of the hypothesis of priori is made to reference picture.
(2) range of visibility measurement can be carried out to the image for meeting clarity threshold requirement, with objective well
Property, and accumulation fuzzy probability CPBD interval [PIt is minimum, PIt is maximum] set up the error for reducing visibility measurement.
(3) a kind of visibility of the present invention can rapidly according to measured visibility with PM2.5 concentration relationships
Distance is calculating the concentration of PM2.5, and timely shows on a display screen.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the installation drawing of the PM2.5 concentration detectors evaluated based on non-reference picture definition
Fig. 2 is Measurement for Digital Image Definition flow chart
Fig. 3 is visibility assay method flow chart
Fig. 4 is the relation of scattering coefficient and visibility
Fig. 5 is the relation of scattering coefficient and PM2.5 concentration
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the operating process to detector of the present invention makees further
Describe in detail.
As shown in figure 1, being the dress of the PM2.5 concentration detectors evaluated based on non-reference picture definition of the present invention
Put figure.Detector of the present invention includes image definition evaluation unit, laser ranging unit, PM2.5 concentration display unit 3
Unit.The present invention implement first with image definition evaluation unit camera to object A, B, C, D, E within the vision
Etc. being taken pictures, captured object photo is converted to into gray level image then.Fig. 2 is the image of detector of the present invention
The flow chart of the Measurement for Digital Image Definition that definition evaluation unit is adopted.The method is comprised the following steps that：
(1) gray level image of captured object is divided into 64 × 64 block of pixels, and calculates edge in each block of pixels
Number N of pixel, according to the value of calculated N, which is compared with threshold value T=0.2% set by test phase before, such as
Fruit N is less than T, the block of pixels is classified as non-edge pixels block just and is smoothed soon, just do not reprocess this kind of block of pixels afterwards；If
N is more than or equal to T, the block of pixels is classified as edge pixel block just, and is for further processing.
(2) difference C and the measurement of edge pixel of gray scale maxima and minima in each edge pixel block are calculated
Width W (ei), and whether the value of C is judged more than or equal to 51, if just making WJNB=3；If not just making WJNB=5.Foundation
FormulaThe value of wherein parameter beta takes 3.6, calculates edge blurry detection probability
PBLUR, and with default threshold value PJNBIt is compared, if PBLURLess than or equal to PJNB, then it is assumed that the edge pixel block it is fuzzy not
Can be detected, and then be included CPBD scopes of statistics；Otherwise the block of pixels is not considered when CPBD values are calculated.
(3) by the above-mentioned one group of edge pixel block included in fuzzy detection cumulative probability function CPBD scopes of statistics, foundation
FormulaCalculate fuzzy detection cumulative probability value.
Fig. 3 is visibility assay method flow chart, is comprised the following steps that：
(1) the image definition evaluation unit of detector of the present invention is by the object gray level image such as A, B, C, D, E
CPBD threshold values P of CPBD values and the default exceptional visibility image of the detectorMost preferablyIt is compared, if object
CPBD values are equal to PMost preferably, then object is defined as into object at exceptional visibility；
(2) P is equal to if none of the CPBD values of objectMost preferably, then by the CPBD values of these object gray level images with
Interval [the P of the CPBD values of the preferable image of visibilityIt is minimum, PIt is maximum] be compared.If the CPBD of these object gray level images
Value has in this interval, then take closest to PMost preferablyThat value, and using the object corresponding to which as laser ranging unit
Object to be measured；
(3) if without in interval [P in the CPBD values of these object gray level imagesIt is minimum, PIt is maximum] in, then using the present invention
The image definition evaluation unit of the detector re-shoots the image of one group of object, and selects according to the step of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
Take the object to be measured of range cells.
Fig. 4 is the relation of scattering coefficient and visibility, the range of visibility value that said method is determined, according to as shown in the figure
Relation, obtain corresponding scattering coefficient.Fig. 5 is the relation of scattering coefficient and PM2.5 concentration, by above-mentioned range of visibility value pair
The scattering coefficient answered simultaneously is shown according to relation as depicted, PM2.5 concentration when obtaining the visibility.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of PM2.5 concentration detectors, including image definition evaluation unit (1), laser ranging unit (2), PM2.5 concentration
Display unit (3), it is characterised in that image definition evaluation unit (1) shoots the image of different target thing and calculates and processes
To the fuzzy cumulative probability of image, compared by the CPBD threshold values for clearly locating image with visibility, so that it is determined that final goal thing,
Laser ranging unit (2) measures the distance of final goal thing, and PM2.5 concentration display units (3) is by visibility and PM2.5 concentration
Relation is calculated and be shown PM2.5 concentration；The definition evaluation method that described image definition evaluation unit (1) is adopted is based on mould
The detection method of paste cumulative probability model；Concretely comprise the following steps：
(1) image definition evaluation unit (1) shoots the object at different distance, and the image of captured object is turned
It is changed to gray level image；
(2) select to have been converted into the be evaluated image of the gray level image as image definition evaluation unit (1) of work(, and will be by
Evaluation image is divided into 64 × 64 block of pixels；
(3) whether the quantity of edge pixel in each block of pixels is judged more than or equal to the 0.2% of the block of pixels pixel total amount, if
It is to be judged to edge pixel block, is otherwise judged to non-edge pixels block；
(4) gray value of each pixel for being evaluated image is obtained, and pixel gray value is maximum in calculating each block of pixels
Difference C of value and minimum of a value, the measurable fuzzy width W based on adjacent edges local contrastJNB(ei), edge pixel
Measurement width W (ei)；
The measurable fuzzy width W based on adjacent edges local contrastJNB(ei) value is by described each block of pixels
Difference C of pixel gray value maximum and minimum of a value is determined, when C >=51, WJNB(ei)=3；When C≤50, WJNB(ei)
=5；
(5) calculate edge blurry detection probability PBLUR, and with default threshold value PJNBIt is compared the edge blurry detection probability
PBLURObtained by following formula：
It is 3.6 that parameter beta has an intermediate value；
(6) set up fuzzy detection cumulative probability function CPBD
The fuzzy detection cumulative probability function CPBD is obtained by following formula：
P (the PBLUR) represent a given PBLURThe probable value of distribution function,
The PJNBRepresent as W (ei)=WJNB(ei) fuzzy detection probability when；
Also include：According to the detection method, the different various objects of tested person personal observations are allowed under the conditions of different weather,
The object at the exceptional visibility that different tested person personnel think is chosen, the image using the PM2.5 concentration detectors is clear
Clear degree evaluation unit (1) shoots the image of respective objects thing, and the image for shooting is carried out using the definition evaluation method
Definition is evaluated, and obtains the CPBD values of different images；Several most of tested person personnel are selected to think the mesh of visibility the best of it
The CPBD values of mark object image, with the method for mathematical statistics, take the intermediate value of this group of data as evaluation exceptional visibility image
CPBD threshold values PAmount is good, choose the area of minimum of a value and maximum as the CPBD values for judging the preferable image of visibility of this group of data
Between [PIt is minimum, PIt is maximum]；
The object at different distance, meter are shot using the image definition evaluation unit (1) of described PM2.5 concentration detectors
The CPBD values of the corresponding gray level image of each object are calculated, determines whether that the CPBD values of object are equal to PMost preferably, if object
CPBD values be equal to PAmount is good, determine that the object corresponding to corresponding gray level image is final goal thing；If no object
CPBD values are equal to PMost preferably, then determine whether that the CPBD values of object are in interval [PIt is minimum, PIt is maximum] in, if CPBD values are in
Interval [PIt is minimum, PIt is maximum] in determine that object corresponding to corresponding gray level image is final goal thing.
2. a kind of PM2.5 concentration detectors according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein described image definition is commented
Valency unit (1) can carry out non-reference picture definition evaluation to the image that any time, any place shoot.
3. a kind of PM2.5 concentration detectors according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the laser ranging unit (2) is adopted
Use pulse type laser telemetry.
4. a kind of PM2.5 concentration detectors according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the PM2.5 concentration display unit
(3) using range of visibility and the computational methods of PM2.5 concentration relationships.
5. a kind of PM2.5 concentration detectors according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the wavelength of visible ray 0.4～
0.7 μm, and the particle diameter of the main composition particulate matter of PM2.5 is also in this size range, and this partial particulate thing pair
Concentration and the scattering coefficient that visible ray has very strong delustring astigmatism power, PM2.5 particulate matters is presented positively related relation, and related
Coefficient is 0.85.
6. a kind of PM2.5 concentration detectors according to claim 4, it is characterised in that suspended particulate substance is directly scattered too
Sunlight can affect the change of atmospheric temperature structure, and then the formation of impact cloud, further affect earth atmosphere system radiation budget, dissipate
It is to describe the strong and weak parameter of scattering degree to penetrate coefficient, and the coefficient is bigger, and delustring scattering power is stronger, is specifically exactly, air
The particle concentration of middle suspension is higher, and scattering coefficient is bigger, causes visibility to reduce, and scattering coefficient is presented negative with visibility
Close, and coefficient correlation is -0.74.
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Families Citing this family (14)
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| CN104359808B (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-08-10 | 王炳玲 | A kind of long distance wireless PM2.5 concentration detection method |
| CN104359811B (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2017-02-15 | 深圳市鼎信科技有限公司 | Compressed air-based PM2.5 (Particulate Matter 2.5) concentration detecting method |
| CN105629333A (en) * | 2015-12-27 | 2016-06-01 | 安徽皖通科技股份有限公司 | Road weather detection method based on video |
| CN107044947B (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2019-11-19 | 山西大学 | A kind of recognition methods of the PM2.5 pollution index based on characteristics of image |
| CN107784651B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2021-03-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Fuzzy image quality evaluation method based on fuzzy detection weighting |
| CN108038832A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-15 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | A kind of underwater picture Enhancement Method and system |
| CN108376396B (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2022-07-05 | 北京工业大学 | High-efficiency PM2.5 concentration prediction method based on image |
| CN108469404B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2020-06-02 | 滨州学院 | PM2.5 concentration estimation system and method |
| CN108399610A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-14 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of depth image enhancement method of fusion RGB image information |
| CN110274855B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-26 | 北京大学 | Indoor air particulate matter CCD-laser monitoring system and method |
| CN109658359B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2023-06-13 | 联创汽车电子有限公司 | Atmospheric suspended matter detection system and detection method thereof |
| CN110309704B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2022-01-25 | 泸州市气象局 | Method, system and terminal for detecting extreme weather in real time |
| CN111259957A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-09 | 上海眼控科技股份有限公司 | Visibility monitoring and model training method, device, terminal and medium based on deep learning |
| CN113899667B (en) * | 2021-09-25 | 2024-03-01 | 杭州谱育科技发展有限公司 | Walking type particulate matter detection system and method |
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