CN103953357A - Novel rock breaking method and rock breaking hob - Google Patents

Novel rock breaking method and rock breaking hob Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103953357A
CN103953357A CN201410206457.8A CN201410206457A CN103953357A CN 103953357 A CN103953357 A CN 103953357A CN 201410206457 A CN201410206457 A CN 201410206457A CN 103953357 A CN103953357 A CN 103953357A
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China
Prior art keywords
cutter
rock
hob
ring
hobboing
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CN201410206457.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈雷
赵万新
庞玉申
孔瑞萍
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Abstract

The invention discloses a novel rock breaking method and a rock breaking hob and relates to the technical field of tunnel boring. The novel rock breaking method and the rock breaking hob are applied to the rock breaking operation of tunnels; the problems that a hob is seriously worn and is short in service life in the existing rock breaking method are solved. According to the chipping rock breaking method, an included angle beta is formed between a hob blade and a normal of a tunnel face; after the pressure is applied to the disc-shaped hob, the blade penetrates into rock and a dense kernel is generated at the front end of the blade; the dense kernel continuously expands to tear off surrounding rock and forms a breaking area; rocks on a dangling face are chipped by expanding the breaking area; the blade of the disc-shaped hob is mainly used for bearing a shear force; the strength of the shear force is 6-9 percent of the compressive strength of the rock. The chipping rock breaking method has the advantages that firstly, the hob blade is mainly used for overcoming the shear resisting strength of the rocks, the compressive strength of a hob single spindle is greatly reduced, the blade of a hob ring is slow in wear and the hob is long in service life; secondly, the chipping rock breaking method is high in rock breaking and high in tunneling efficiency and is particularly suitable for excavating and tunneling of full-section hard-rock geology; thirdly, consumed power of tunneling equipment is lower.

Description

A kind of novel rock breaking method and Hob for cutting rock
Technical field
The present invention relates to tunnel piercing technical field, specifically cut rock breaking method and be applicable to the Hob for cutting rock that sheet is cut brokenly rock for a kind of.
Background technology
The use that tunnel piercing is equipped in underground engineering constructions such as building subway, track traffic, coal mine roadway is more and more extensive.The disk cutter of installing on the cutterhead of tunnel piercing equipment is the important cutter of fractured rock in tunneling process, and at present, the structure of disk cutter mainly comprises hobboing cutter cutter ring, cutter hub, fastening cover, end cap, cutter shaft, bearing and sealing device.During the broken rock of disk cutter, bear huge load and impact, bear the violent friction of rock simultaneously, and produce a large amount of dregs and rubble.The piece surface that disk cutter respectively exposes is all worn, especially hobboing cutter cutter ring and cutter hub, and then cause each several part switching performance destroyed, the performance of lubrication oil and rubber seal reduces, and causes cutter to lose gradually rock breaking capacity, causes scrapping in advance of cutter.While especially running into the full section hard rock of 50~250MPa geology, the destruction of hobboing cutter is more aobvious outstanding, and the construction speed that this directly has influence on engineering, expends a large amount of human and material resources and financial resources.
The rock breaking method of existing hobboing cutter is: the disk cutter being arranged on cutterhead is pressed on scar under the effect of shield structure jack, and the thrust of disk cutter is perpendicular to face; Along with the rotation of cutterhead, disk cutter is on the one hand around the revolution of cutterhead central axis, on the other hand around self axis rotation.Disk cutter, under the thrust and torsional interaction of cutterhead, cuts out a series of concentric circles on face.When thrust surpasses the compressive strength of rock, the rock under disk cutter point of a knife is directly broken, point of a knife injection rock, and on face, rock is cracked and form multiple tracks concentric grooves by disk cutter extruding.Along with the increase of gash depth, rock mass face crack deepen to expand, and when hobboing cutter pressure surpasses the shearing of rock and hot strength, the rock avalanche in blocks between neighboring concentric circle groove, completes the rock break-off process of disk cutter.Under this rock breaking method, rock break load has certain periodicity and fluctuation, larger to the destructiveness of hobboing cutter.1, hobboing cutter uniaxial compressive strength is large, Hob ring blade quick abrasion, and the life-span is short.2, broken rock speed is slower, and drivage efficiency is low.3, the power that digging device consumes is larger.
Summary of the invention
One of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel rock breaking method, is applied in the broken rock operation in tunnel, for solving the problem that existing rock breaking method hob abrasion is serious, cutter life is short; Two of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Hob for cutting rock that is applicable to novel rock breaking method.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem takes: a kind of novel rock breaking method, it is characterized in that, and comprise the following steps,
(1) disk cutter is arranged on tunneling equipment, then described disk cutter is moved to brokenly to rock initial position;
(2) β that keeps having angle between the blade of disk cutter and the normal of face, and described angle β value is that 10 degree are to 20 degree;
(3) by tunneling equipment, bring pressure to bear on disk cutter, now, front end at hobboing cutter blade forms compact core, described compact core constantly expands and tears closely knit circumnuclear rock formation fracture area, described fracture area constantly expands the Rock laminate on unsettled is chipped away, and completes the rock break-off process of the first floor plane of disruption;
(4) the described first floor plane of disruption becomes new unsettled, and by the blade of disk cutter, to the side shifting away from new unsettled, repeating step (2) and (3), complete the rock break-off process of the second layer plane of disruption;
(5) repeating step (2), to (4), completes the 3rd, the 4th ... the rock break-off process of the layer plane of disruption.
Further, described angle β value is 15 degree.
A kind of Hob for cutting rock of applying described novel rock breaking method, comprise cutter ring, hobboing cutter cutter hub, cutter bearing, hobboing cutter back-up ring and hobboing cutter fastening cover, one end at cutter shaft is installed with cutter bearing, in the outside of described cutter bearing, be nested with and be installed with hobboing cutter cutter hub, at described hobboing cutter cutter hub outer wall, cutter ring is installed, and the hobboing cutter back-up ring of restriction cutter ring axial displacement is installed on described hobboing cutter cutter hub, the other end at described cutter shaft is provided with hobboing cutter fastening cover, it is characterized in that, described cutter ring is fixedly mounted on a side of hobboing cutter cutter hub.
Further, described cutter ring is the metallic disc-shaped part that two ends differ in size, and at the large end of described cutter ring, is provided with blade.
Further, be provided with the projection of an annular on the outer wall of described hobboing cutter cutter hub one end, at the center of described cutter ring, be provided with a stepped hole, the macropore of described stepped hole contacts cooperation with described projection, and the aperture of described stepped hole contacts cooperation with described hobboing cutter cutter hub; On the hobboing cutter cutter hub of described projection one side, be provided with a cannelure, a hobboing cutter back-up ring is installed in described cannelure, an end face of described hobboing cutter back-up ring contacts cooperation with the small end face of described cutter ring.
Further, the diameter of the large end of described cutter ring is 480mm to 635mm.
Further, the large end of described cutter ring and cutter ring small end pass through arc transition.
Further, the diameter of the large end of described cutter ring is 560mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: cut brokenly rock dust for provided by the invention, between the blade of disk cutter and the normal of face, there is an angle β, after pressure is applied on disk cutter, in blade injection rock, at blade front end, produce compact core, compact core constantly expands and tears rock around, and forms fracture area, and the expansion of fracture area chips away the Rock laminate on unsettled; The blade of disk cutter mainly bears shearing, and the shear of rock intensity 6%-9% that is compressive strength of rock.The advantage that sheet is cut brokenly rock is: (1) hobboing cutter sword mainly overcomes the shear strength of rock, and hobboing cutter uniaxial compressive strength reduces greatly, and the wearing and tearing of Hob ring blade are slow, hobboing cutter long service life.(2) broken rock speed is fast, and drivage efficiency is high, is specially adapted to the excavation driving of full section hard rock geology.(3) power that digging device consumes is less.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is extruding/crack initiation stage of malleation vertical cut rock breaking method;
Fig. 2 is the catalase stage of malleation vertical cut rock breaking method;
Fig. 3 is that sheet is cut one of rock breaking method schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 be sheet cut rock breaking method schematic diagram two;
Fig. 5 is the circular tunnel schematic diagram excavating out;
Fig. 6 is the square tunnel schematic diagram excavating out;
Fig. 7 is the horse-shoe tunnel schematic diagram excavating out;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of Hob for cutting rock;
Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional schematic of hobboing cutter cutter hub;
Figure 10 is Hob for cutting rock work schematic diagram;
Figure 11 is cutter ring cross-sectional schematic;
In figure: 1 hobboing cutter, 2 faces, 3 broken pieces, 4 compact core, 51 first unsettled, 52 second unsettled, 53 the 3rd unsettled, 54 the 4th unsettled, 6 fracture area, 7 blades, 81 cutter rings, 811 circular arcs, 812 stepped holes, 82 hobboing cutter back-up rings, 83 hobboing cutter cutter hubs, 831 projections, 832 cannelures, 84 cutter bearings, 85 hobboing cutter fastening covers, F pressure, β angle, n normal.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, be the schematic diagram of existing " malleation vertical cut breaks rock dust " rock breaking method, hobboing cutter blade is perpendicular to face, and exerts pressure F on disk cutter, and disk cutter is on the one hand around the revolution of cutterhead central axis, on the other hand around self axis rotation.Disk cutter, under pressure F and torsional interaction, cuts out a series of concentric circles on face.When pressure surpasses the intensity of rock, the rock under disk cutter point of a knife is directly broken, point of a knife injection rock, and on face, rock is cracked and form multiple tracks concentric grooves by disk cutter extruding.Along with the increase of gash depth, rock mass face crack deepen to expand, and when hobboing cutter pressure surpasses the shearing of rock and hot strength, the rock avalanche in blocks between neighboring concentric circle groove, completes the rock break-off process of disk cutter.Under this broken rock mode, the stress form of disk cutter is mainly " resistance to compression ", is secondly " shearing resistance ", mainly overcomes the uniaxial compressive strength of rock.Between two hobboing cutters, have certain spacing, when two hobboing cutters and rock squeezing action, form broken piece 3 between two hobboing cutters, rock bursts apart.The rock break-off process of this broken rock mode is roughly divided into generation expansion and the chip rock failure four-stage of elastic deformation, placticity failure, crackle, rock break load has certain periodicity and fluctuation, very large to the destructiveness of hobboing cutter, so serious wear of hobboing cutter, broken rock speed is slow, drivage efficiency is low, and cutter life is short.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, be the of the present invention schematic diagram of cutting rock breaking method, the Fig. 4 of take describes as example.(1) before broken rock, first disk cutter is arranged on tunneling equipment, then described disk cutter is moved to brokenly to rock initial position; (2) make hobboing cutter blade become a fixed angle β with the normal n of face, the span of angle β be 10 degree to 20 degree, optimum value is 15 degree.(3) by tunneling equipment, hobboing cutter is applied to certain pressure F, under the effect of pressure F, the cutting edge piece of hobboing cutter is cut and is entered in rock, now, hobboing cutter mainly overcomes the shear strength of rock, greatly reduce the reaction force to hobboing cutter, alleviated the destruction to hobboing cutter assembly, extended hobboing cutter application life.After hobboing cutter blade injection rock certain depth, in the front end formation compact core 4 of blade, along with the continuous effect of pressure F, compact core 4 is grown up gradually, compact core 4 rock around is constantly torn, and when pressure surpasses the shearing of rock and hot strength, the front end of compact core forms fracture area 6; Fracture area constantly expands, and makes rock fracture and chips away from rock stratum slice, and the plane of disruption of rock is the first floor plane of disruption.(4) the first floor plane of disruption is exposed in air becomes first unsettled 51, to the side shifting hobboing cutter away from first unsettled, guarantee that between hobboing cutter blade and the normal n of face, angle β is constant, and then by tunneling equipment to the F that exerts pressure on hobboing cutter, under the effect of pressure F, front end at blade forms compact core again, compact core constantly expands rock is around torn, and form fracture area at the front end of compact core, fracture area constantly expands the rock on first unsettled is chipped away from the plane of disruption slice, this plane of disruption is the second layer plane of disruption, the second layer plane of disruption becomes second unsettled 52 after being exposed in air.In the same way, mobile hobboing cutter, and exert pressure F on hobboing cutter, hobboing cutter and rock effect, form the 3rd unsettled 53, the 4th unsettled 54 etc., and rock also constantly chips away from rock stratum slice.
At above-mentioned, cut under rock breaking method, the stress form of hobboing cutter sword is mainly shearing resistance, secondly be resistance to compression, mainly overcome the shear strength of rock, according to the data introduction of the 167th page of < < engineering geology handbook > > (the 4th edition) chapter 1 " laboratory test ", shear strength: compressive strength=0.06~0.09, therefore its stressed being about " attrition crushing method " 6%~9%.That is to say, when attrition crushing method hobboing cutter compressive strength is 100MPa, sheet is cut brokenly rock dust hobboing cutter shear strength and is about 6~9Mpa; Visible, sheet is cut brokenly under rock mode, and hobboing cutter is stressed less.Utilize sheet to cut brokenly rock mode while carrying out tunnelling, configurable difference is arranged on the hobboing cutter of number on cantilever type swing tunnel piercing equipment, during excavation construction, hobboing cutter also will revolve round the sun and stretching motion along with the swing cantilever track on tunneling equipment when hobboing cutter rotation, and then the Cutting trajectory that varies in size of Formation cross-section, can excavate cross sectional shape for the tunnel of circular, square or the shape of a hoof etc., as shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7.
Existing disk cutter can not application sheet be cut brokenly rock dust rock is broken to rock operation, reason is that cutter ring is arranged on the center line of whole disk cutter, when cutter ring becomes angle β with the normal of broken scar, there is collision in other parts on disk cutter and broken scar, therefore can not be used for carrying out sheet cuts brokenly rock.As shown in Figure 8, be the structural representation of Hob for cutting rock of the present invention, mainly comprise cutter ring 81, hobboing cutter back-up ring 82, hobboing cutter cutter hub 83, cutter bearing 84 and hobboing cutter fastening cover 85.Only be with the difference of existing disk cutter, cutter ring diameter of the present invention is larger, and cutter ring diameter is between 480mm to 635mm, and preferred size is 560mm.Cutter ring 81 is arranged on a side of hobboing cutter cutter hub 83, and the inwall of hobboing cutter cutter hub is fixedly connected with cutter bearing 84, and hobboing cutter cutter hub can be rotated.As shown in Figure 9, be provided with an annular projection 831 on the outer wall of hobboing cutter cutter hub, this projection can be integrally manufactured with hobboing cutter cutter hub.As shown in figure 11, cutter ring is the metallic disc-shaped part that two ends differ in size, and at the large end of cutter ring, is provided with blade 7, and the large end of cutter ring and cutter ring small end are by circular arc 811 transition.At the center of cutter ring, be provided with stepped hole 812, the macropore of stepped hole contacts cooperation with projection, and the aperture of stepped hole contacts cooperation with the outer wall of hobboing cutter cutter hub.Arranging on the one hand for cutter ring is installed of projection, can limit cutter ring on the other hand along axially movement left of disk cutter.For restriction cutter ring is along the axial movement to the right of disk cutter, on the outer wall of hobboing cutter cutter hub, be also provided with a cannelure 832, one side of cannelure overlaps with the small end face of cutter ring, hobboing cutter back-up ring 82 is installed in cannelure, hobboing cutter back-up ring is the metalwork of annular, one side of hobboing cutter back-up ring contacts cooperation with the small end face of cutter ring, by being stuck in hobboing cutter back-up ring in cannelure, cutter ring is carried out axially to the right spacing.
During use, this Hob for cutting rock is arranged on tunnel piercing equipment, and the cutter ring angle β that adjusts Hob for cutting rock is between 10 degree to 20 degree, as shown in figure 10, then by tunnel piercing, equip and exert pressure F on Hob for cutting rock, Hob for cutting rock is delivered to brokenly scar by pressure F, and Hob for cutting rock blade sheet under the effect of pressure F cuts into broken scar, and the certain degree of depth of injection.Now, front end at blade forms a compact core gradually, and compact core constantly expands and rock around is constantly torn and formed fracture area, and fracture area constantly expands and just unsettled dough sheet chipped away, form the first floor plane of disruption, the first floor plane of disruption becomes new unsettled.Then to the side shifting hobboing cutter away from the first floor plane of disruption, and keep the angle β of hobboing cutter cutter ring, repeat step above, the sheet completing is again cut operation.

Claims (8)

1. a novel rock breaking method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps,
(1) disk cutter is arranged on tunneling equipment, then described disk cutter is moved to brokenly to rock initial position;
(2) β that keeps having angle between the blade of disk cutter and the normal of face, and described angle β value is that 10 degree are to 20 degree;
(3) by tunneling equipment, bring pressure to bear on disk cutter, now, front end at hobboing cutter blade forms compact core, described compact core constantly expands and tears closely knit circumnuclear rock formation fracture area, described fracture area constantly expands the Rock laminate on unsettled is chipped away, and completes the rock break-off process of the first floor plane of disruption;
(4) the described first floor plane of disruption becomes new unsettled, and by the blade of disk cutter, to the side shifting away from new unsettled, repeating step (2) and (3), complete the rock break-off process of the second layer plane of disruption;
(5) repeating step (2), to (4), completes the 3rd, the 4th ... the rock break-off process of the layer plane of disruption.
2. a kind of novel rock breaking method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described angle β value is 15 degree.
3. an application rights requires the Hob for cutting rock of 1 to 2 arbitrary described novel rock breaking method, comprise cutter ring, hobboing cutter cutter hub, cutter bearing, hobboing cutter back-up ring and hobboing cutter fastening cover, one end at cutter shaft is installed with cutter bearing, in the outside of described cutter bearing, be nested with and be installed with hobboing cutter cutter hub, at described hobboing cutter cutter hub outer wall, cutter ring is installed, and the hobboing cutter back-up ring of restriction cutter ring axial displacement is installed on described hobboing cutter cutter hub, the other end at described cutter shaft is provided with hobboing cutter fastening cover, it is characterized in that, described cutter ring is fixedly mounted on a side of hobboing cutter cutter hub.
4. a kind of Hob for cutting rock according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described cutter ring is the metallic disc-shaped part that two ends differ in size, and at the large end of described cutter ring, is provided with blade.
5. a kind of Hob for cutting rock according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, on the outer wall of described hobboing cutter cutter hub one end, be provided with the projection of an annular, at the center of described cutter ring, be provided with a stepped hole, the macropore of described stepped hole contacts cooperation with described projection, and the aperture of described stepped hole contacts cooperation with described hobboing cutter cutter hub; On the hobboing cutter cutter hub of described projection one side, be provided with a cannelure, a hobboing cutter back-up ring is installed in described cannelure, an end face of described hobboing cutter back-up ring contacts cooperation with the small end face of described cutter ring.
6. a kind of Hob for cutting rock according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the diameter of the large end of described cutter ring is 480mm to 635mm.
7. a kind of Hob for cutting rock according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the large end of described cutter ring and cutter ring small end pass through arc transition.
8. a kind of Hob for cutting rock according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the diameter of the large end of described cutter ring is 560mm.
CN201410206457.8A 2014-05-15 2014-05-15 Novel rock breaking method and rock breaking hob Pending CN103953357A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108868811A (en) * 2018-08-16 2018-11-23 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 A kind of multi-arm type cantilever excavator and its construction method for carrying outstanding cutter broken rock
CN110905539A (en) * 2019-10-25 2020-03-24 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 Tunnel boring machine cutter configuration method based on rock strength and soil layer proportion

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN108868811A (en) * 2018-08-16 2018-11-23 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 A kind of multi-arm type cantilever excavator and its construction method for carrying outstanding cutter broken rock
CN110905539A (en) * 2019-10-25 2020-03-24 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 Tunnel boring machine cutter configuration method based on rock strength and soil layer proportion

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Application publication date: 20140730