A kind of method that adopts low fever solid phase reaction to prepare lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide material
Technical field
The present invention relates to preparation method's technical field of anode material of lithium battery, especially about the method for preparing lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide positive electrode with low fever solid phase reaction.
Background technology
Compared with business-like lithium ion cell anode material lithium cobaltate, nickel cobalt lithium aluminate has higher actual discharge specific capacity and better stores and cycle performance.In long-term high temperature storage process, NCA cathode material compares LiCoO in variation and the cation mixing situation of surface crystal/electronic structure
2cathode material is much smaller, shows that NCA has good shelf characteric [list of references Shoichiro Watanabe, Journal of Power Sources247 (2014) 412-422].
Nickel cobalt lithium aluminate (NCA) is produced and is adopted coprecipitation methods to prepare presoma more at present.
Low fever solid phase reaction refers to the chemical reaction carrying out between solid-phase compound under the condition of room temperature or nearly room temperature (≤100 DEG C).It is a kind of simple, the route that convenient, pollution-free, cost is low.Compared with liquid phase reactor, its maximum advantage is sufficient reacting and without side reaction, conversion ratio can reach 100%, pollution-free, no solvent residue.
Low fever solid phase reaction process containing crystallization water reaction system can be undertaken by mechanical lapping reactant particle, when mixing, make reaction-ure surface form one deck cold cut crucible zone, reactant molecule spreads concurrent biochemical reaction in cold cut crucible zone, generate target product, each cold cut crucible zone is equivalent to a micro-reaction zone, by mechanical lapping, particle surface is constantly updated, constantly formed new cold cut crucible zone; The product nucleation, the grain growth that generate form new product phase simultaneously.
This method adopts a kind of directly synthetic NCA presoma of method of high-speed stirred.Because the energy that high-speed stirred provides can be to the additional a kind of active force of solid matter, reduce the constraint energy barrier of particle to it around, make particle energy of thermal motion at normal temperatures also can overcome this constraint energy barrier.For the compound containing the crystallization water, in the time being heated, be generally first to slough the crystallization water, and then fusing.That is to say, crystallization water molecule in compound conventionally more easily overcomes constraint to it of particle around and is released.The hydrone that discharges forms trace solvent, can be further and compound molecule effect, form a kind of critical condition between solution state and melting state.Make the contained crystallization water of compound lower than discharging formation trace solvent under dehydration temperaturre by applied external force, although trace solvent can not be by complete reactant solvation, but can form the molten melt film of one deck at reaction-ure surface, thereby promote the carrying out of chemical reaction.
At present in the patent of delivering and article, what employing solid phase method was synthetic has " a kind of method that pure solid phase method is prepared anode material for lithium-ion batteries NCA " (CN201310084661.2), there is not yet the report that adopts the raw material identical with the present invention and synthetic this material of method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the defect that prior art exists, a kind of method that adopts low fever solid phase reaction to prepare lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide material is provided, high to solve high, the required energy consumption of reaction temperature existing in the synthetic lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide materials process of high temperature solid-state method; Chemical reaction component is wayward, mixing is difficult for uniform realistic problem.
For reaching above goal of the invention, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
Propose a kind of method that adopts low fever solid phase reaction to prepare lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide material, comprise the following steps:
A, presoma preparation:
According to LiNi
0.8co
0.15al
0.05 ± xm
yo
2, wherein 0≤x≤0.05,0≤y≤0.05, x+y=0.05, M=B, Zr, Ti, AlPO
4, stoichiometry take a hydronium(ion) oxidation lithium LiOHH
2o, Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate Ni (NO
3)
26H
2o, cabaltous nitrate hexahydrate Co (NO
3)
26H
2o, nine nitric hydrate lithium Al (NO
3)
39H
2o and doped chemical M, wherein M=B, Mg, Zr, Ti, AlPO
4, mixing in high speed mixer by stoichiometric proportion, 2000 revs/min of mixer rotating speeds, mixed after 15 minutes, and synthetic material is carried out to 120~150 DEG C of vacuumizes, prepared presoma;
The preparation of b, product: the presoma that step a is prepared roasting 8 hours under 600~800 DEG C of oxygen atmospheres or air atmosphere, obtains end product lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide material LiNi
0.8co
0.15al
0.05 ± xm
yo
2.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following aspect advantage:
(1) utilize rare earth can control relatively easily the stoichiometric proportion of each component, and evenly mix between the each component making.
(2) presoma evenly mixes with Li salt, can reduce by 50 DEG C of synthesis temperatures, has reduced energy consumption.
(3) after the elements such as doping B, can, at sintetics under air conditions, reduce production cost.
brief Description Of Drawings:
Fig. 1 is the synthetic presoma XRD figure of rare earth method of the present invention, and this presoma is embodiment 1 gained;
Fig. 2 is the NCA finished product XRD figure of sintering under oxygen atmosphere, and in figure, a, b, c are respectively in embodiment 1,2,3 sintering gained finished product under presoma oxygen atmosphere;
Fig. 3 is the NCA finished product XRD figure of sintering under air atmosphere, and in figure, a, b, c are respectively in embodiment 1,2,3 sintering gained finished product under presoma air atmosphere;
Fig. 4 is the NCA finished product charging and discharging curve figure of sintering under oxygen atmosphere, and in figure, a, b, c are respectively in embodiment 1,2,3 sintering gained finished product under presoma oxygen atmosphere, and charging and discharging currents is 35mA/g, and charging/discharging voltage scope is 2.7-4.2V;
Fig. 5 is the NCA finished product charging and discharging curve figure of sintering under air atmosphere, and in figure, a, b, c are respectively in embodiment 1,2,3 sintering gained finished product under presoma air atmosphere, and charging and discharging currents is 35mA/g, and charging/discharging voltage scope is 2.7-4.2V.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1:
(1) by LiOHH
2o(12.445g), Ni (NO
3)
26H
2o(69.790g), Co (NO
3)
26H
2o(13.096g), Al (NO
3)
39H
2o(5.627g) in molar ratio (1.06:0.8:0.15:0.05) weighs, and in high speed mixer, mixes, and 2000 revs/min of mixer rotating speeds, mixed after 15 minutes, obtained green pasty state presoma.Carried out 120 DEG C of vacuumize 12h.
(2) by the presoma preparing roasting 8 hours under 700 DEG C of oxygen atmospheres or air atmosphere, obtain end product.
Embodiment 2
(1) by LiOHH
2o(12.445g), Ni (NO
3)
26H
2o(69.790g), Co (NO
3)
26H
2o(13.096g), Al (NO
3)
39H
2o(3.939g), MgCl
26H
2o(0.919g) in molar ratio (1.06:0.8:0.15:0.035:0.015) weighs, and in high speed mixer, mixes, and 2000 revs/min of mixer rotating speeds, mixed after 15 minutes, obtained green pasty state presoma.Carried out 120 DEG C of vacuumize 12h.
(2) by the presoma preparing roasting 8 hours under 700 DEG C of oxygen atmospheres or air atmosphere, obtain end product.
Embodiment 3
(1) by LiOHH
2o(12.445g), Ni (NO
3)
26H
2o(69.790g), Co (NO
3)
26H
2o(13.096g), Al (NO
3)
39H
2o(3.939g), H
3bO
3(0.278g) in molar ratio (1.06:0.8:0.15:0.035:0.015) weighs, and in high speed mixer, mixes, and 2000 revs/min of mixer rotating speeds, mixed after 15 minutes, obtained green pasty state presoma.Carried out 120 DEG C of vacuumize 12h.
(2) by the presoma preparing roasting 8 hours under 700 DEG C of oxygen atmospheres or air atmosphere, obtain end product.
From Fig. 1, presoma XRD collection of illustrative plates is known, and when the mode of employing high-speed mixing is prepared presoma, most of crystallization water is sloughed, and the hydroxyl in LiOH ruptures away, with the combination such as Ni, Co, forms metal hydroxides, and Li
+with NO
3 -in conjunction with forming LiNO
3.
From Fig. 2, Fig. 3, fine by the crystallization of low-temperature solid-phase method gained nickel cobalt lithium aluminate sample, peak division, free from admixture peak, without mixing (I
003/ I
104be greater than 1).
From Fig. 4, Fig. 5, in oxygen atmosphere, the synthetic nickel cobalt lithium aluminate properties of sample of rare earth method is more excellent, embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 synthetic sample specific discharge capacity under oxygen atmosphere is respectively 170mAh/g, 166mAh/g, 172mAh/g, and the B that adulterates under air atmosphere has higher specific capacity, synthetic NCA sample specific discharge capacity is respectively 131mAh/g, 139mAh/g, 149mAh/g.