CN103939890B - Coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler - Google Patents

Coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103939890B
CN103939890B CN201410135314.2A CN201410135314A CN103939890B CN 103939890 B CN103939890 B CN 103939890B CN 201410135314 A CN201410135314 A CN 201410135314A CN 103939890 B CN103939890 B CN 103939890B
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coal
grate
water
burner hearth
boiler
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CN201410135314.2A
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CN103939890A (en
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韩秋成
韩方亮
孙保柱
孙强强
刘国强
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler, it comprises burner hearth and traveling-grate stoker, the front of burner hearth is provided with the vaporizer being surrounded by water-cooling wall and burner hearth front wall, and coal tar entrance is offered in the bottom of burner hearth front wall, on coal tar entrance, water-cooled coal gate is installed; The bottom of vaporizer is provided with reciprocal grate, and coke-pushing ram is installed on reciprocal grate, between the rear end of reciprocal grate and burner hearth front wall, forms dant dropping opening; The front end that gas burner and this gas burner are installed on burner hearth front wall is communicated with vaporizer, rear end is communicated with burner hearth, and the top of the inherent coal tar entrance of burner hearth is provided with and is connected to the hyperthermia radiation arch being obliquely installed on burner hearth front wall and to back upper place. The present invention is the Second Revolution of coal-burning boiler, it can increase substantially efficiency of combustion and heat exchange efficiency and can effectively reduce environmental pollution, sulphur nitre environment protection standard has been saved desulphurization denitration equipment, has saved desulphurization denitration operating cost, has thoroughly solved coal-burning boiler dust stratification problem.

Description

Coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal-fired chain grate boiler field, specifically a kind of coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler.
Background technology
Current large scale industry boiler remains using coal as the main energy, taking coal-fired chain grate boiler as example, its primary structure comprises the burner hearth at anterior coal bunker, rear portion and the traveling-grate stoker of bottom, coal inserts and falls chain fire-gate initiating terminal from coal bunker, move from front to back with traveling-grate stoker, enter burner hearth via burner hearth entrance, chain fire-gate bottom arranges plenum chamber, coal is subject to radiation heating in burner hearth, complete successively preheating, be dried, catch fire, burn, until after-flame, lime-ash moves to rear end and finally falls into grey slag bucket with traveling-grate stoker.
The coal that existing chain grate boiler uses is all the form combustion heat supplying with solid coal, and the traveling-grate stoker of this kind of structure in use exists following defect: 1) solid coal is difficult for lighting, and easily causes loss of ignition; 2) solid coal contacts not exclusively with oxygen in the time of burning, affects burning of coal efficiency, has caused the waste of the energy; 3) solid-state coal produces a large amount of dust in the time of burning, and collecting ash is serious, causes serious environmental pollution; 3) solid coal is directly burnt and is produced a large amount of harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide, nitre, causes atmosphere pollution, high to the disposal cost of harmful substance, investment is large; 4) coal all burns on traveling-grate stoker, and most of heat concentrates on the middle part of fire grate, and heat skewness in burner hearth, easily causes localized hyperthermia.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one and can increases substantially efficiency of combustion and heat exchange efficiency and can effectively reduce environmental pollution and overall structure is simple, coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler safe and convenient to use.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler of the present invention comprises the traveling-grate stoker of burner hearth and lower furnace portion, its design feature is that the front of described burner hearth is provided with the vaporizer being surrounded by normal pressure water-cooling wall or Mo Shi water-cooling wall and burner hearth front wall, coal tar entrance is offered in the bottom of burner hearth front wall, on coal tar entrance, water-cooled coal gate is installed, the water-cooled pipeline connection in water-cooled pipeline and water-cooled coal gate in above-mentioned normal pressure water-cooling wall or Mo Shi water-cooling wall; The bottom of described vaporizer is provided with reciprocal grate, and coke-pushing ram is installed on reciprocal grate, forms dant dropping opening and this dant dropping opening is corresponding with chain fire-gate initiating terminal between the rear end of reciprocal grate and burner hearth front wall; The front end that gas burner and this gas burner are installed on described burner hearth front wall is communicated with vaporizer, rear end is communicated with burner hearth, and the top of the inherent coal tar entrance of burner hearth is provided with and is connected to the hyperthermia radiation arch being obliquely installed on burner hearth front wall and to back upper place.
Adopt said structure, coal charge adds vaporizer from top to bottom, ignites from bottom in coal seam, burning and gasification and pyrolysis under vaporizer anoxia condition, and the key reaction that forms oxide layer, reducing zone gasification from bottom to top is here carried out. the coal combustion of vaporizer bottom generates coal tar, along with the coal seam in vaporizer thickeies gradually, coal gasifies and produces coal gas under anaerobic environment, coal gas enters the burning of burner hearth naked light by gas burner, in vaporizer bottom, reciprocal grate reciprocating action also drives coke-pushing ram to start coke pushing, coal tar is constantly fallen on traveling-grate stoker, traveling-grate stoker running is carried coal tar in burner hearth, the coal tar of sending in burner hearth heats up and burns very soon under the effect of hyperthermia radiation arch, temperature in burner hearth raises rapidly, coal tar is along with traveling-grate stoker moves backward and after-flame gradually, the lime-ash producing after burning is discharged from grey cinder notch.
In said structure, utilize the principle of coal burning phase-splitting, coal gas burns in upper furnace, naked light ignites, igniting is convenient, safe and reliable, and gas explosion accident can not occur, coal tar burns on the traveling-grate stoker of bottom, improve burning of coal efficiency, eliminated black smoke and collecting ash problem, reduced the harmful components of flue gas, without increasing desulphurization denitration equipment, save operating cost; Adopt normal pressure water-cooling wall or fin panel casing, facilitated the temperature control in vaporizer, be conducive to the generation of coal gas, meanwhile, utilize water-cooling wall to absorb heat, make the heat producing at vaporizer also obtain utilization, can supply with domestic water or to boiler replenishing water, improve heat utilization ratio; Owing to taking fire in the floor coal of gasification case, therefore coal gate also adopts water-cooled structure, can effectively avoid the infringement of high temperature to coal gate, increases its service life; Hyperthermia radiation arch is set, hyperthermia radiation arch is positioned at the below of gas burner outlet, temperature is high, ignite fast, the programming rate that has improved bottom coal tar, can, by carbon black after-flame together with coal tar, improve the thermal efficiency, reduce the requirement to coal quality, made boiler can use various bituminous coal, colm and industrial shaping coal. The vaporizer of said structure also can be used for biomass fuel, the same with the principle of coal producing coal gas, and the boiler of this structure can make the biomass fuel burning phase-splitting after-flame that fully gasifies, and avoids tar mucus to stick on the tube wall of boiler internal.
Described reciprocal grate comprises and is located at the fixed grate case of vaporizer bottom and is slidably mounted on the moving grate on fixed grate case, fixed grate case is communicated with boiler plenum chamber, the front end of moving grate is connected with reciprocating drive mechanism, and on moving grate, interval is provided with multi-disc fire grate segment; Described coke-pushing ram comprises the central tube that is vertically connected on fire grate segment and is connected to the reinforcement gusset of both sides before and after central tube, and top seal, the bottom of central tube are uncovered, spaced apartly on the pipeline section of central tube is provided with multiple blowhole. Reciprocal grate, to the air supply at the bottom of vaporizer, utilizes the structure of offering blowhole on central tube, can make air-supply evenly, ensures that burnt effect is produced in the primary combustion of coal; Strengthen gusset and can reinforce being on the one hand connected of central tube and fire grate segment, on the other hand, strengthen gusset and also coal tar piece can be cut, and utilize the reciprocating action of reciprocal grate that coal tar is pulverized, produce graininess coal tar, ensured the combustion efficiency of coal tar and avoided bulk coking phenomenon.
Described reciprocating drive mechanism comprises the reciprocating push rod hinged with moving grate front end, and this reciprocating push rod is slidably mounted on a handspike bearing and the front end of this reciprocating push rod is hinged on an eccentric wheel, and eccentric wheel is connected with a motor power. Described reciprocating drive mechanism is hydraulic jack, and the piston rod of this hydraulic jack and the front end of moving grate are hinged. Above-mentioned is the reciprocating drive mechanism of two kinds of structures, and a kind of is to adopt motor to drive the structure of eccentric wheel type, and a kind of is the structure that directly adopts hydraulic jack to drive, and two kinds of structures are all very simple and realize conveniently, can ensure the safe and stable operation of reciprocal grate.
Water route in described normal pressure water-cooling wall or fin panel casing is communicated with a softened water tank by water inlet pipe and return pipe, on water inlet pipe or return pipe, circulating pump is installed. Adopt this kind of structure, in the water cooling tube of water-cooling wall, pass into recirculated water, improved heat exchanger effectiveness, ensured water-cooled effect.
Described gas burner comprises the cylindrical shell being installed in burner hearth front wall and the annular cover that is set in cylindrical shell outside, and annular overlapping between cylindrical shell forms towards the circular air inlet chamber of burner hearth opening, and above-mentioned circular air inlet chamber is communicated with boiler plenum chamber by airduct. Utilize this kind of air-supply structure, make gas burner synchronize air intake with boiler, utilize the loop configuration in annular wind chamber, make blowing more even, improved the efficiency of combustion of coal gas and contributed to and regulate the distribution of heat in burner hearth and flow.
The barrel front end of described gas burner is connected with for stopping that coarse coal enters the water-cooled barrier board in cylinder, the water-cooled pipeline connection of the water-cooled pipeline in this water-cooled barrier board and described normal pressure water-cooling wall or fin panel casing. Described water-cooled barrier board comprises spaced main water inlet tube and main water return tube, is connected with many spaced tube connectors between main water inlet tube and main water return tube. Barrier board is set and can avoids coarse coal to enter in gas burner, make only coal gas and powdery coal to enter hearth combustion by cylindrical shell. Meanwhile, utilize water-cooled structure, avoided high temperature injury, increased the service life of barrier board.
In sum, the present invention is the Second Revolution of coal-burning boiler, it can increase substantially efficiency of combustion and heat exchange efficiency and can effectively reduce environmental pollution, sulphur nitre environment protection standard has been saved desulphurization denitration equipment, save desulphurization denitration operating cost, thoroughly solved coal-burning boiler dust stratification problem, and overall structure is simple, safe and convenient to use.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail:
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of reciprocal grate in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of coke-pushing ram in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation along A-A direction in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of gas burner in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of water-cooled barrier board in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
With reference to accompanying drawing, coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler of the present invention comprises the traveling-grate stoker 2 of burner hearth 1 and lower furnace portion, the front of burner hearth 1 is provided with the vaporizer 4 being surrounded by normal pressure water-cooling wall or Mo Shi water-cooling wall 24 and burner hearth front wall 3, coal tar entrance 5 is offered in the bottom of burner hearth front wall 3, water-cooled coal gate 6 is installed, the water-cooled pipeline connection in water-cooled pipeline and water-cooled coal gate 6 in above-mentioned normal pressure water-cooling wall or Mo Shi water-cooling wall 24 on coal tar entrance 5. Wherein, the structure of normal pressure water-cooling wall and fin panel casing 24 is prior art, does not repeat them here. Water-cooled pipeline in normal pressure water-cooling wall or fin panel casing 24 is communicated with a softened water tank 21 by water inlet pipe 19 and return pipe 20, on water inlet pipe 19 or return pipe 20, circulating pump 22 is installed.
With reference to accompanying drawing, the bottom of vaporizer 4 is provided with reciprocal grate 7, and coke-pushing ram 8 is installed on reciprocal grate 7, forms dant dropping opening 9 and this dant dropping opening 9 is corresponding with the initiating terminal of traveling-grate stoker 2 between the rear end of reciprocal grate 7 and burner hearth front wall 3. The front end that gas burner 10 and this gas burner 10 are installed on burner hearth front wall 3 is communicated with vaporizer 4, rear end is communicated with burner hearth 1, and the top of the inherent coal tar entrance 5 of burner hearth 1 is provided with and is connected to the hyperthermia radiation arch 11 being obliquely installed on burner hearth front wall 3 and to back upper place.
In said structure, utilize the principle of coal burning phase-splitting, coal gas is in burner hearth 1 top burning, naked light ignites, igniting is convenient, safe and reliable, and gas explosion accident can not occur, coal tar burns on the traveling-grate stoker 2 of bottom, improve burning of coal efficiency, eliminated black smoke and collecting ash problem, reduced the harmful components of flue gas, without increasing desulphurization denitration equipment, save operating cost. Adopt normal pressure water-cooling wall or fin panel casing 24, facilitated the temperature control in vaporizer 4, be conducive to the generation of coal gas, meanwhile, utilize water-cooling wall to absorb heat, make the heat producing at vaporizer 4 also obtain utilization, can supply with domestic water or to boiler replenishing water, improve heat utilization ratio. Owing to taking fire in the floor coal of gasification case 4, therefore coal gate 6 also adopts water-cooled structure, can effectively avoid the infringement of high temperature to coal gate 6, increases its service life. Hyperthermia radiation arch 11 is set, hyperthermia radiation arch 11 is positioned at the below that gas burner 10 exports, temperature is high, ignite fast, the programming rate that has improved bottom coal tar, can, by carbon black after-flame together with coal tar, improve the thermal efficiency, reduce the requirement to coal quality, made boiler can use various bituminous coal, colm and industrial shaping coal. In the present invention, vaporizer 4 also can be used for biomass fuel, the same with the principle of coal producing coal gas, and the boiler of this structure can make the biomass fuel after-flame that fully gasifies, and avoids tar mucus to stick on the tube wall of boiler internal.
With reference to Fig. 2, reciprocal grate 7 comprises and is located at the fixed grate case 12 of vaporizer 4 bottoms and is slidably mounted on the moving grate 13 on fixed grate case 12 by travelling carriage 15, fixed grate case 12 is communicated with boiler plenum chamber, the front end of moving grate 13 is connected with reciprocating drive mechanism, and on moving grate 13, interval is provided with multi-disc fire grate segment 14; Described coke-pushing ram 8 comprises the central tube 81 being vertically connected on fire grate segment 14 and is connected to the reinforcement gusset 82 of central tube 81 both sides, front and back, and top seal, the bottom of central tube 81 are uncovered, spaced apartly on the pipeline section of central tube 81 is provided with multiple blowhole 810. Reciprocal grate is from the bottom to top to the air supply at the bottom of vaporizer 4, because the bottom of central tube 81 is uncovered, the wind of bottom can directly enter the inner chamber of central tube, utilize the structure of the blowhole 810 of offering on central tube 81, can blow to both sides, the air-supply of case 4 bottoms of making to gasify is more even, ensures that burnt effect is produced in the primary combustion of coal. Strengthen gusset 82 and can reinforce being on the one hand connected of central tube 81 and fire grate segment 14, on the other hand, strengthen gusset 82 and also coal tar piece can be cut, and utilize the reciprocating action of reciprocal grate 7 that coal tar is pulverized, produce graininess coal tar, ensured the combustion efficiency of coal tar and avoided bulk coking phenomenon. Wherein, the structure of above-mentioned reciprocal grate 7 can adopt existing various reciprocal grate, and improvement of the present invention is, on the movable furnace grate plate of reciprocal grate, coke-pushing ram is installed.
For reciprocating drive mechanism, its effect is to drive moving grate front-rear reciprocation movement, it can directly adopt hydraulic jack to complete, the piston rod of hydraulic jack and the front end of moving grate are hinged, by controlling the flexible moving grate that drives of hydraulic cylinder piston rod, this kind of structure is not shown in the accompanying drawings. Reciprocating drive mechanism also can adopt motor to drive the structure of eccentric wheel type, as shown in Figure 1, reciprocating drive mechanism comprises the reciprocating push rod 16 hinged with moving grate 13 front ends, this reciprocating push rod 16 is slidably mounted on a handspike bearing 161 and the front end of this reciprocating push rod 16 is hinged on an eccentric wheel 17, and eccentric wheel 17 is connected with motor 18 power.
With reference to accompanying drawing, the annular cover 102 that gas burner 10 comprises the cylindrical shell 101 being installed in burner hearth front wall 3 and is set in cylindrical shell 101 outsides, between annular cover 102 and cylindrical shell 101, form towards the circular air inlet chamber 103 of burner hearth 1 opening, above-mentioned circular air inlet chamber 103 is communicated with boiler plenum chamber by airduct 104. This kind of air-supply structure can make gas burner synchronize air intake with boiler, utilizes the loop configuration in annular wind chamber 103, makes blowing more even, improved the efficiency of combustion of coal gas and contributed to regulate the distribution of heat in burner hearth and flow.
With reference to accompanying drawing, cylindrical shell 101 front ends of gas burner 10 are connected with for stopping that coarse coal enters the water-cooled barrier board 23 in cylinder, the water-cooled pipeline connection of the water-cooled pipeline in this water-cooled barrier board 23 and described normal pressure water-cooling wall or fin panel casing 24. The setting of barrier board can avoid coarse coal to enter in gas burner, makes only coal gas and powdery coal to enter hearth combustion by cylindrical shell. Meanwhile, utilize water-cooled structure, avoided high temperature injury, increased the service life of barrier board. Water-cooled barrier board 23 comprises between spaced two horizontal water pipes 231 of horizontal water pipe 231, two and is connected with many spaced longitudinal tube connectors 232. Two horizontal water pipes 231, by the water-cooled pipeline connection in water lines and normal pressure water-cooling wall or fin panel casing 24, are all communicated with the pipeline of each water-cooled parts, form Water-cooling circulating path.
In sum, the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned detailed description of the invention. Those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can do some changes and modification. Protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler, comprise the traveling-grate stoker (2) of burner hearth (1) and lower furnace portion, the front that it is characterized in that described burner hearth (1) is provided with the vaporizer (4) being surrounded by normal pressure water-cooling wall or Mo Shi water-cooling wall (24) and burner hearth front wall (3), coal tar entrance (5) is offered in the bottom of burner hearth front wall (3), water-cooled coal gate (6) is installed, the water-cooled pipeline connection in the water-cooled pipeline in above-mentioned normal pressure water-cooling wall or Mo Shi water-cooling wall and water-cooled coal gate (6) on coal tar entrance (5); The bottom of described vaporizer (4) is provided with reciprocal grate (7), coke-pushing ram (8) is installed on reciprocal grate (7), between the rear end of reciprocal grate (7) and burner hearth front wall (3), forms dant dropping opening (9) and this dant dropping opening (9) is corresponding with the initiating terminal of traveling-grate stoker (2); The front end that gas burner (10) and this gas burner (10) are installed on described burner hearth front wall (3) is communicated with vaporizer (4), rear end is communicated with burner hearth (1), and the top of the inherent coal tar entrance of burner hearth (1) (5) is provided with and is connected to the hyperthermia radiation arch (11) that burner hearth front wall (3) is upper and be obliquely installed to back upper place; Described reciprocal grate (7) comprises and is located at the fixed grate case (12) of vaporizer (4) bottom and is slidably mounted on the moving grate (13) on fixed grate case (12), fixed grate case (12) is communicated with boiler plenum chamber, the front end of moving grate (13) is connected with reciprocating drive mechanism, and the upper interval of moving grate (13) is provided with multi-disc fire grate segment (14); Described coke-pushing ram (8) comprises the central tube (81) being vertically connected on fire grate segment (14) and is connected to the reinforcement gusset (82) of both sides, central tube (81) front and back, top seal, the bottom of central tube (81) are uncovered, the spaced apart multiple blowhole (810) that are provided with on the pipeline section of central tube (81).
2. coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described reciprocating drive mechanism comprises the reciprocating push rod (16) hinged with moving grate (13) front end, this reciprocating push rod (16) is slidably mounted on a handspike bearing (161) front end upper and this reciprocating push rod (16) and is hinged on an eccentric wheel (17) above, and eccentric wheel (17) is connected with a motor (18) power.
3. coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described reciprocating drive mechanism is hydraulic jack, and the piston rod of this hydraulic jack and the front end of moving grate are hinged.
4. coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the water-cooled pipeline in described normal pressure water-cooling wall or fin panel casing (24) is communicated with a softened water tank (21) by water inlet pipe (19) and return pipe (20), is provided with circulating pump (22) on water inlet pipe (19) or return pipe (20).
5. the coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler as described in any one in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described gas burner (10) comprises the cylindrical shell (101) being installed in burner hearth front wall (3) and is set in the outside annular cover (102) of cylindrical shell (101), between annular cover (102) and cylindrical shell (101), form towards the circular air inlet chamber (103) of burner hearth (1) opening, above-mentioned circular air inlet chamber (103) is communicated with boiler plenum chamber by airduct (104).
6. coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler as claimed in claim 5, cylindrical shell (101) front end that it is characterized in that described gas burner (10) is connected with for stopping that coarse coal enters the water-cooled barrier board (23) in cylinder, the water-cooled pipeline in this water-cooled barrier board (23) and the water-cooled pipeline connection of described normal pressure water-cooling wall or fin panel casing (24).
7. coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that described water-cooled barrier board (23) comprises spaced two horizontal water pipes (231), between two horizontal water pipes (231), be connected with many spaced longitudinal tube connectors (232).
CN201410135314.2A 2014-04-04 2014-04-04 Coal producing coal gas integral chain grate boiler Expired - Fee Related CN103939890B (en)

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CN105674243B (en) * 2016-01-29 2018-06-26 刘振亮 biomass high-temperature gasification boiler burner
CN105716273A (en) * 2016-04-25 2016-06-29 唐山市兴安型煤锅炉制造有限公司 Double-section combustion horizontal type mechanical boiler
CN105864747A (en) * 2016-05-25 2016-08-17 潍坊金丝达新能源科技有限公司 Improved biomass high-temperature gasification boiler combustor
CN105841162A (en) * 2016-05-25 2016-08-10 潍坊金丝达新能源科技有限公司 Multifunctional biomass high-temperature gasification boiler burner
CN108006673A (en) * 2017-12-28 2018-05-08 衡阳市大成锅炉有限公司 A kind of improved biomass-burning reciprocating grate type boiler
CN110410773A (en) * 2019-08-05 2019-11-05 海伦市利民节能锅炉制造有限公司 The Combined grated environment-protecting industrial boiler of biomass direct-fired degree and zoning burning phase-splitting

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