CN103938044B - Magnesium-stannum-zinc-aluminum wrought magnesium alloy suitable for being extruded - Google Patents
Magnesium-stannum-zinc-aluminum wrought magnesium alloy suitable for being extruded Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magnesium-stannum-zinc-aluminum wrought magnesium alloy suitable for being extruded. The wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-5% of Sn, 1% of Al, 0.5-2.0% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.10% of inevitable impurities and the balance of Mg. According to the alloy provided by the invention, the Mg-Sn magnesium alloy is subjected to modification treatment by adopting Zn and Al, so that the grains can be refined and the alloy tissue can be improved. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and the ductility of the alloy are improved to facilitate processing and moulding in the later period. The wrought magnesium alloy provided by the invention is simple in preparation method, relatively low in equipment cost and easy to implement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal material, close particularly to a kind of magnesium-tin-zinc-aluminum deformed Mg being applicable to extruding
Gold.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy has high specific strength and specific stiffness, outstanding dimensional stability and damping shock absorption, and height returns
Receipts ability etc. so that it is be described as " 21 century green engineering structural metallic materials ".In recent years, energy resources day
It is becoming tight, advances automotive light weight technology, reduce body quality and can effectively reduce energy consumption, reduce and pollute, magnesium
Alloy has broad application prospects in auto manufacturing as lightweight structural metallic materials, people also by
Step recognizes magnesium alloy application in the field such as traffic, household electrical appliances.
The whole world produces magnesium material every year and is about 300,000 tons, and wherein die-casting material accounts for 90%, and deformable material only accounts for
0.5%, consumption is little.Compared to cast magnesium alloy, wrought magnesium alloy have more preferably mechanical property and can after
Continuous heat treatment, meets more diversified structural member demand.Research finds, limits the master of magnesium alloy extrusion technique
Wanting factor is that extrusion speed is low, as AZ80, ZK60 are only capable of in the range of 0.5 2.5m/min extruding, the lowest
In aluminium alloy, limit its application industrially.Compared to traditional AZ, ZK series magnesium alloy (such as AZ31,
AZ91, AM60, ZK61), Mg Sn base alloy generally has higher incipient melting temperature and high-melting-point Mg2Sn
Intermetallic phase stops hot-short generation, thus has the potentiality extruded at high speeds, and its performance is mainly by sinking
Shallow lake precipitation process is controlled, and Dispersed precipitate is at intracrystalline Mg2Sn Precipitated particles will improve its matrix high-temperature behavior,
Thus be considered as a kind of novel low-cost, high-strength heat-resistant wrought magnesium alloy.But, owing to Sn is at Mg
In diffusion velocity slow, to such an extent as to the time arriving timeliness peak value is long, is unfavorable for commercial production.Additionally,
For Mg Sn bianry alloy, the Mg of sheet strip2Sn phase separates out on the basal plane that habit plane is Mg matrix,
Can not effectively hinder dislocation in the sliding of basal plane, therefore the raising to intensity is limited；And Sn too high levels causes
Mg2Sn phase is thick so that mechanical properties decrease, there are some researches show that, when Sn content is 3～5%, mechanical property is relatively
Good.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of be applicable to extruding magnesium-tin-zinc-aluminum wrought magnesium alloy, in this alloy add Zn,
Al element, carries out Metamorphism treatment to Mg-Sn magnesium alloy, it is possible to crystal grain thinning, improves alloy structure, simultaneously
Improve shaping of its tensile strength and elongation percentage, beneficially later stage.The preparation method letter of described alloy
Single, equipment cost is relatively low, easily implement.
The technical scheme is that magnesium-tin-zinc-aluminum series magnesium alloy, the weight percentage of this alloy each component
For
Sn content is 3～5%；
Al content is 1%；
Zn content is 0.5～2.0%；
Inevitably impurity content≤0.10%；
Surplus is Mg.
The preferable technical scheme of above-mentioned alloy is, the percentage by weight of each component of described wrought magnesium alloy is:
Sn content is 3%；
Al content is 1%；
Zn content is 0.5～2.0%；
Inevitably impurity content≤0.10%；
Surplus is Mg.
The further technical scheme of above-mentioned alloy is, the percentage by weight of each component of this wrought magnesium alloy is:
Sn content is 3%；
Al content is 1%；
Zn content is 2.0%；
Inevitably impurity content≤0.10%；
Surplus is Mg.
In above-mentioned magnesium-tin-zinc-aluminum series magnesium alloy, inevitable impurity is Fe, Si, Cr, the weight of its each component
Amount percentage ratio is: Fe ＜ 0.028%, Si ＜ 0.030%, Cr ＜ 0.018%.
The preparation method of above-mentioned magnesium alloy has following steps:
1) take each component raw material by above-mentioned, put in vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace, enter in the case of argon atmosphere
Row melting, temperature is 740～750 DEG C；
2), after alloy all melts, it is incubated 5min at about 720 DEG C, makes alloy more homogenization；
3) take out and fill the steel crucible of alloy solution, put into rapid cooling about 1 minute in saline, obtain magnesium-tin-zinc-
The solid alloy ingot casting spindle of aluminum Ф 85mm；
In alloy of the present invention, Sn has strong solution strengthening effect in magnesium, can effectively refine
Crystal grain, forms high rigidity, high-melting-point, Heat stability is good Mg2Sn granule, significantly improves the mechanics of magnesium alloy
Performance；And after Wetted constructures Mg2Being distributed in crystal grain and grain boundaries of Sn phase disperse, simultaneously works as crystalline substance
Interior strengthening and the effect of intercrystalline strengthening, in the base, it is possible to significantly improve the room temperature of alloy and high temperature
Mechanical property.But low-alloyed plasticity, significantly drops in the too high levels of Sn, it may appear that the granule phase of bulk,
Its optimum addition is 3～5%, and in the present invention, preferably addition is 3%；Al can improve when melting
The mobility of alloy solution and heavy alloyed room temperature strength can be put forward, but low-alloyed high temperature power can drop in too high Al
Learn performance, the present invention uses 1%Al be the most entirely solidly soluted in matrix, do not form Mg17Al12Phase,
And low content Al can improve the extrusion performance of alloy；Zn can substantially change Mg2The form of Sn phase and with
The phase relation of matrix, improves alloy aging sclerous reaction, and Mg-Zn phase can become Mg2The forming core of Sn phase
Particle.Zn constituent content relatively low (0.5～2.0%) in the present invention, main solid solution is in the base, the most tangible
Become Mg-Zn Binary-phase；Just formed when Mg-Zn-Al ternary phase just thinks Zn/Al ratio more than 3, so also not having
There is formation Mg-Zn-Al ternary phase.Along with the increase of Zn content, Mg on crystal boundary2Sn granule gradually increases
Many, and its size is the most gradually roughened, it is meant that Sn solid solubility in α-Mg becomes along with Zn changes of contents
Change.The Mg increased2Sn granule promotes " Zener " effect, i.e. Mg2Sn granule hinders crystal boundary effectively
Slip, and then refined crystal grain.On the one hand, the enrichment of Zn, Sn element produces constitutional supercooling, and then resistance
Stop growing up of crystal grain, and Zn element provides forming core particle for Mg2Sn phase；On the other hand, solute segregation
Affect grain size to describe with growth limitation factor value (GRF), the GRF value (GRF of Al, Zn, Sn
Being growth limitation factor, it specifically can represent with numerical value, and numerical value this yuan of the biggest explanation have stronger limit
The effect of grain growth processed, i.e. crystal grain are difficult to grow up and namely have stronger Grain refinement) it is respectively
4.32,5.31,1.47, i.e. Zn element produces stronger Grain Refinement Effect.Therefore, can by add Zn,
Al element effectively improves the tissue of alloy, performance.
Alloy of the present invention, Al has stronger solution strengthening effect, and appropriate Al can improve alloy
Age-hardening is reacted, it is possible to improve obdurability and the plastic working ability of alloy, additionally can by control Zn and
The amount of Al, suppresses Mg17Al12Formed, thus improve the mechanical behavior under high temperature of alloy；Zn can improve molten
Liquid flowability, has multiple non-equilibrium phase to separate out in precipitation-hardening, ag(e)ing process, changes releasing characteristics
Pattern, orientation relationship, considerably improve age-hardening reaction.In this external hot extrusion process, have
The Mg of higher high-temperature stability2Sn phase forms enough pinnings to stop growing up of crystal grain so that extruding is produced
The mechanical property of product is preferable.Therefore, Mg-Sn-Zn-Al system of the present invention is as more potential deformation
Magnesium alloy, can improve its mechanical property by plastic deformation, it is adaptable to industrial application.
The preparation method of the present invention has the advantage that
1. this alloy pig preparation manipulation is simple and convenient, the shortest；
2. comparing traditional gravitational casting, the tissue of the alloy that the salt bath cooling means of the present invention obtains is more
Fine and closely woven, the cooled and solidified time is the shortest can effectively solve the problem that component segregation；
3. this alloy has low al content, can extrude, and comprehensive mechanical property is relatively under higher extrusion speed
Good, the interpolation of Zn promotes Mg in extrusion process2The precipitation of Sn phase, plays Grain refinement and improves
Mechanical property；
4. the method is not required to other mold, and smelting time is the shortest, reduces cost.
Alloy of the present invention adds Zn, Al element, Mg-Sn magnesium alloy is carried out Metamorphism treatment, it is possible to
Crystal grain thinning, improves alloy structure, improves adding of its tensile strength and elongation percentage, beneficially later stage simultaneously
Work shapes.Test result indicate that, the plasticity of described alloy, post-production processability are preferable, are suitable for squeezing
Pressure, the comprehensive mechanical property after extrusion speed reaches 4-5m/min, and extruding at 350 DEG C is good.The present invention
Described alloy also has preparation method simple, and cost is relatively low, the advantage of easy enforcement.
The raw material used time prepared by magnesium alloy materials of the present invention is:
High-purity magnesium ingot, its purity ＞ 99.9% (weight percentage, lower same)；
Pure zinc, its purity is ＞ 99.9%；
Fine aluminium ingot, its purity ＞ 99.9%；
Pure tin grain, its purity is analytical pure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the XRD figure spectrum of as cast condition Mg-3Sn-1Al alloy；
Fig. 2 is the XRD figure spectrum of as cast condition Mg-3Sn-1.5Zn-1Al alloy；
Fig. 3 is the fractograph of as cast condition Mg-3Sn-xZn-1Al (x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0) alloy, wherein a
X=0, b x=0.5, c x=1.0, d x=1.5, e x=2.0；
Fig. 4 is the scanning spectra of as cast condition Mg-3Sn-xZn-1Al (x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0) alloy, wherein a
X=0, b x=0.5, c x=1.0, d x=1.5, e x=2.0；
Fig. 5 is the fractograph of As-extruded Mg-3Sn-xZn-1Al (x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0) alloy, wherein a
X=0, b x=0.5, c x=1.0, d x=1.5, e x=2.0；
Fig. 6 is the Mg that As-extruded Mg-3Sn-2Zn-1Al alloy separates out2Sn phase TEM collection of illustrative plates.
Detailed description of the invention
The weight percentage of each component in magnesium-tin-zinc-aluminum wrought magnesium alloy, is shown in Table 1:
Table 1 weight percent content %
| Sn | Zn | Al | Impurity | Mg | |
| Embodiment 1 | 3.0 | 0 | 1.0 | 0.053 | 95.947 |
| Embodiment 2 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.076 | 95.424 |
| Embodiment 3 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.072 | 94.928 |
| Embodiment 4 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.063 | 94.437 |
| Embodiment 5 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.045 | 93.955 |
According to the composition in example 1-5, select the raw material required for the present invention, prepare the beam worker before alloy
Work includes: polishing, removes the oxide on raw-material surface, impurity, then in the ratio dispensing of example also
It is respectively charged in steel crucible.After raw material is ready to, steel crucible is put in vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace, at argon
Carry out melting under gas shielded atmosphere, after the material in crucible is completely melt, be incubated 5min at about 720 DEG C,
Then steel crucible is put into fast cold forming in saline and obtains the solid alloy ingot casting of Ф 85mm.Afterwards, employing point
Level Homogenization Treatments (12h+500 DEG C of * 10h of 325 DEG C of *), railway carriage after homogenization, removes removing oxide layer.Extrude it
Before, spindle and mould are incubated 40min at 350 DEG C, extrude afterwards at 350 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 25:1, squeezes
Pressure speed is about 4～5m/min.
The present invention is prepared for 5 kinds of different alloys of composition with this technique, i.e. Mg-3Sn-1Al,
Mg-3Sn-1Al-XZn (X=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0) magnesium alloy.Use XRF-1800CCDE type X-ray
Fluorescence spectrophotometer, Zeiss Axiovert40MAT metallurgical microscope, TESCAN VEGAII scanning electron shows
Composition, the tissue of alloy are analyzed by micro mirror and LIBRA200FE Flied emission transmission electron microscope；Adopt
With newly thinking carefully that CMT-5105 microcomputer controlled electronic universal tester carries out the mechanical property of tension test beta alloy
Can, it is shown in Table 2.
The room-temperature mechanical property of table 2 As-extruded Mg-3Sn-xZn-1Al alloy
Shown in Fig. 1-2 is the XRD figure spectrum of Mg-3Sn-1Al and Mg-3Sn-1Al-1.5Zn alloy, permissible
Find, alloy is mainly α-Mg and Mg mutually2Sn phase, does not form Mg-Zn, Mg-Zn-Al cenotype,
There is no Mg simultaneously yet17Al12The precipitation of phase.Fig. 3, shown in 4 be Mg-3Sn-1Al-XZn (X=0,
0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0) metallographic of cast alloy, scanning figure.It can be seen that the as-cast structure of alloy is by matrix
Tissue and Mg2Sn phase composition；After adding Zn element, crystal grain significantly refines, Mg2Sn granule increases and has
The trend of roughening.
As seen from Figure 5, owing to there is recrystallization in hot extrusion process, the crystal grain of As-extruded is tiny,
And along with the increase of Zn content, crystallite dimension diminishes significantly.Found out by Fig. 6, Mg-3Sn-2Zn-1Al
Tiny Mg has been separated out in hot extrusion process2Sn granule, its size is about 20-100nm.These granules
Formed be probably plastic deformation be produce dislocation be Mg2Sn phase provides forming core particle, and inhibits extruding
Growing up of rear crystal grain, and then improve mechanical property.Known by table 1, the tensile strength of alloy and yield strength with
Raising, and elongation percentage be also increased slightly, the tensile strength of Mg-3Sn-2Zn-1Al alloy, yield strength and
Elongation percentage is respectively 290Mpa, 185Mpa and 12.2%.According to Hall Page formula (Δ σgrain=κ d-1/2, κ
Take 0.29MPa m1/2), the intensity level that Mg-3Sn-2Zn-1Al alloy promotes because of crystal grain refinement is about
95.6Mpa, therefore the raising key factor of alloy strength refines in crystal grain.
Conclusion: Zn element has stronger Grain refinement, reaches optimal during 2%Zn；
Mg-3Sn-2Zn-1Al alloy is very fast at 350 DEG C of extrusion speeds, has relatively after reaching 4-5m/min, and extruding
Good comprehensive mechanical property, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation percentage be respectively 290Mpa, 185Mpa and
12.2%.
Claims (3)
1. magnesium-tin-zinc-aluminum the wrought magnesium alloy being applicable to extruding, it is characterised in that the weight percentage of the element of each component of this wrought magnesium alloy is:
Sn content is 3～5%；
Al content is 1%；
Zn content is 0.5～2.0%；
Inevitably impurity content≤0.10%；
Surplus is Mg, and wherein, inevitable impurity is Fe, Si, Cr.
Magnesium-tin-zinc-aluminum wrought magnesium alloy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the percentage by weight of each component of this wrought magnesium alloy is:
Sn content is 3%；
Al content is 1%；
Zn content is 0.5～2.0%；
Inevitably impurity content≤0.10%；
Surplus is Mg.
Magnesium-tin-zinc-aluminum wrought magnesium alloy the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the percentage by weight of each component of this wrought magnesium alloy is:
Sn content is 3%；
Al content is 1%；
Zn content is 2.0%；
Inevitably impurity content≤0.10%；
Surplus is Mg.
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| CN106521278A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-03-22 | 湘潭大学 | High-strength magnesium-zinc-manganese-yttrium-cerium magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN108103335A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-06-01 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of method for refining Mg-Zn systems alloy grain |
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| CN101392342A (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2009-03-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | Strength and toughness magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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