CN103930810B - 具有大纤芯和平坦基谐模的微结构光纤，其生产方法以及其在激光微细加工中的使用 - Google Patents

具有大纤芯和平坦基谐模的微结构光纤，其生产方法以及其在激光微细加工中的使用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN103930810B
CN103930810B CN201280045944.XA CN201280045944A CN103930810B CN 103930810 B CN103930810 B CN 103930810B CN 201280045944 A CN201280045944 A CN 201280045944A CN 103930810 B CN103930810 B CN 103930810B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
fibre core
optical fibers
micron
microstructured optical
index
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201280045944.XA
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN103930810A (zh
Inventor
埃马纽埃尔·于戈诺
劳雷·拉戈
阿诺·穆索特
伊夫·奎科恩普瓦斯
G·鲍曼斯
劳伦特·比戈
康士坦士·瓦伦廷
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lille First University Of Science And Technology
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Lille First University Of Science And Technology
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lille First University Of Science And Technology, Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Lille First University Of Science And Technology
Publication of CN103930810A publication Critical patent/CN103930810A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN103930810B publication Critical patent/CN103930810B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
    • G02B6/02338—Structured core, e.g. core contains more than one material, non-constant refractive index distribution in core, asymmetric or non-circular elements in core unit, multiple cores, insertions between core and clad
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
    • C03B37/0122—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of photonic crystal, microstructured or holey optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
    • G02B6/02333—Core having higher refractive index than cladding, e.g. solid core, effective index guiding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
    • G02B6/02352—Complex periodic lattices or multiple interpenetrating periodic lattices, e.g. unit cell having more than two materials, partially internally coated holes, for multiple bandgaps
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/02361—Longitudinal structures forming multiple layers around the core, e.g. arranged in multiple rings with each ring having longitudinal elements at substantially the same radial distance from the core, having rotational symmetry about the fibre axis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/0238—Longitudinal structures having higher refractive index than background material, e.g. high index solid rods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/032—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with non solid core or cladding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
    • C03B2201/02—Pure silica glass, e.g. pure fused quartz
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
    • C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
    • C03B2201/31—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with germanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
    • C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
    • C03B2201/34—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with rare earth metals, i.e. with Sc, Y or lanthanides, e.g. for laser-amplifiers
    • C03B2201/36—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with rare earth metals, i.e. with Sc, Y or lanthanides, e.g. for laser-amplifiers doped with rare earth metals and aluminium, e.g. Er-Al co-doped
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
    • C03B2203/14—Non-solid, i.e. hollow products, e.g. hollow clad or with core-clad interface
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
    • C03B2203/22—Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/42—Photonic crystal fibres, e.g. fibres using the photonic bandgap PBG effect, microstructured or holey optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03605—Highest refractive index not on central axis
    • G02B6/03611—Highest index adjacent to central axis region, e.g. annular core, coaxial ring, centreline depression affecting waveguiding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49764—Method of mechanical manufacture with testing or indicating
    • Y10T29/49769—Using optical instrument [excludes mere human eyeballing]

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

一种光纤，包括：具有指数N和10微米或更大直径的纤芯（2），该纤芯（2）被具有指数N+Δn和厚度ΔR的环（4）所包围；以及包围该环并且包括例如气隙（8）的光学包层（6）。根据本发明，Δn>10‑3并且=α/(Δn)β[1]，其中，5x10‑4微米<α<5x10‑2微米并且0.5<β<1.5。α和β取决于：微结构光纤要传导的光的波长λ、该微结构光纤中的缺失性夹杂物的数量、气隙的直径d、气隙的间距Λ和N。为了设计该光纤，选择λ、缺失性气隙的数量、d/Λ、纤芯掺杂量、Λ和Δn；并且使用等式[1]确定ΔR，从而得到平坦基谐模。

Description

具有大纤芯和平坦基谐模的微结构光纤，其生产方法以及其 在激光微细加工中的使用
技术领域
本发明涉及具有大纤芯、适于得到平坦基谐模的微结构光纤以及生产这种光纤的方法。
术语“大纤芯”代表其直径等于至少10微米的纤芯。术语“平坦基谐模”代表其强度具有平坦的横向剖面的基谐模；应当注意，在这种情况下，基谐模直径表现出相对于纤芯直径较小的差异；并且如果纤芯直径较大（大于或者等于10微米），则基谐模直径也较大。
本发明尤其适用于激光微细加工方法，例如，激光标记方法和激光切割方法，或者与光-生物组织相互作用相关的用于治疗和诊断的方法。
背景技术
为了得到具有平坦基谐模的光纤，众所周知的是在纤芯周围放置环，其光学指数略大于该纤芯的光学指数。
在这方面，可参考文献[1]，其像下文中要引用的其它文献[2]至[7]一样，将在本发明的结尾处提及。
然而，文献[1]中所述的光纤具有纤芯直径小的缺点。
从文献[2]和[3]中获知在掺杂有稀土元素的大纤芯周围使用环。然而，这些文献中所讨论的光纤是多模光纤，为了在该光纤的输出端得到单模，即，基谐模，要使用增益进行鉴别。实际上，与其它模相比，平坦基谐模在掺杂纤芯上具有更好的重叠。
这构成了现有技术中所知的平坦大模的唯一实验性实施方式。在光纤输出端得到的模的实验图像存在于文献[4]的附图7中。所得到的剖面非常不完整。这归因于光纤的实际实施方式不适于得到完整的指数阶跃。
从文献[5]获知适于通过气隙方式来限制模以及通过环来使模平坦的光纤。所述微结构的气隙的直径d与这些气隙的间距Λ相比的比例d/Λ在0.4左右；由此将产生针对这种结构的多模纤芯。然而，没有给出实验演示。
此外，文献[5]中所述的光纤的参数显得不实际。特别是，环与纤芯之间光学指数的差异极小——等于3x10-4——因而在生产中很难或者甚至不可能得到。
从文献[6]获知具有很小的掺杂纤芯（直径几微米）并且无环的微结构光纤。
实际上，迄今为止，尚未获知用于在无源光纤的输出端得到具有至少10微米直径的单个平坦模的令人满意的解决方案。
文献[1]和[6]中所提出的无源纤芯光纤仅适于得到小的模尺寸（有效面积小于100平方微米）；
为了得益于增益鉴别，当需要放大时从文献[2]获知的光纤设计的多模方面才需要用到这种光纤。然而，在某些情况下（例如，空间成型、功率运输和非线性放大），有必要使用无源光纤；注意，在某些情况下，曲率鉴别也是有可能的。
非常困难或者不可能实验地实现文献[5]中所提出的光纤参数，特别是环与纤芯之间光学指数的差异。
作为一般规则，现有技术中所提出的设计是不现实的，因为其没有考虑到生产限制。现有技术只包括平坦基谐模光纤的一种实验性实施方式（参见文献[2]）。
然而，该实施方式相对不可信，因为在光纤输出端得到的光纤不能被认为是平坦的（参见文献[4]）。此外，文献[2]的作者承认所述光纤的实际实施方式不适于得到充分地控制的指数阶跃。
发明内容
本发明涉及不具有上述缺点的微结构光纤。
具体地，本发明涉及具有大纤芯和平坦基谐模的微结构光纤，其包括：
纤芯，该纤芯的直径为至少10微米；
包围纤芯的环，该环的光学指数比纤芯的光学指数高出值Δn，并且该环的外半径比内半径大出值ΔR；以及
光学包层，该光学包层包围环并且包括包含有例如纵向气隙的夹杂物的基质，其中，夹杂物的光学指数不同于基质的光学指数，包层的等效平均光学指数nFSM小于纤芯的光学指数，
其特征在于，Δn大于10-3并且ΔR通过等式ΔR=α/(Δn)β与Δn关联，其中，α在从5x10-4微米到5x10-2微米的区间内，β在从0.5到1.5的区间内，并且α和β取决于：微结构光纤要传导的光的波长λ、微结构光纤中的缺失性夹杂物的数量（由于纤芯和环的存在）、夹杂物的直径d，夹杂物的间距Λ和纤芯的光学指数。
根据本发明的微结构光纤的一个优选实施例，缺失性夹杂物的数量等于7。然后，该光纤被视为具有7个缺陷。
根据本发明的微结构光纤的纤芯可以被掺杂或者不被掺杂。
例如，可以通过发光的实体（例如，稀土元素离子）或者不通过这样的实体对其进行掺杂。
根据本发明的第一具体实施例，纤芯由未掺杂的二氧化硅制成，β等于1并且α由以下公式给出：
α=2.489x10-2(d/Λ)0.25λ2/Λ
其中，当d,Λ和λ以微米表示时，α也同样以微米表示。
根据本发明的第二具体实施方式，纤芯由掺杂有例如镱、铝或者其他诸如磷或锗的共掺质的二氧化硅制成，从而将纯二氧化硅的光学指数增大大约1.5x10-3，β等于0.905并且α由以下公式给出：
α=1.046x10-2(λ/Λ)0.19
其中，当Λ和λ以微米表示时，α也同样以微米表示。
根据本发明的第三具体实施方式，纤芯由掺杂有例如镱、铝或者其他诸如磷或锗的共掺质的二氧化硅制成，从而将纯二氧化硅的光学指数增大大约 5x10-3，β等于0.87并且α由以下公式给出：
α=1.327x10-2(λ/Λ)0.05
其中，当Λ和λ以微米表示时，α也同样以微米表示。
本发明也涉及用于生产根据本发明的微结构光纤的方法，其中，
选择λ；
选择缺失性夹杂物的数量；
选择比例d/Λ；
选择纤芯的掺杂量T，T大于或者等于0；
选择Λ；
选择Δn；
利用所述等式确定ΔR以在光纤的输入端被射入具有波长λ的光时在该光纤的输出端得到平坦基谐模；以及
在由此选择了夹杂物的数量以及参数d、T、Λ、Δn并且以上述方式确定了参数ΔR的情况下，生产微结构光纤。
本发明还涉及一种激光微细加工方法，其中，使用根据本发明的微结构光纤来传导由激光器发射出的光。
附图说明
通过参考附图阅读下文中给出的对实施方式的示例（只作为表示而不作为限制）的描述，将更清楚地理解本发明，其中：
图1A是根据本发明的微结构光纤的一个示例的示意性截面图，以及图1B针对该示例的光纤示出了光学指数的径向剖面；
图2针对图1A中的光纤示出了适于得到平坦剖面的环的厚度ΔR在缺陷为7并且间距Λ取不同值的情况下相对于指数反差Δn的变化；
图3A示出了当Λ等于30微米以及Δn等于2x10-3时该光纤中所传导的模的横向剖面，以及图3B示出了所述光纤中的光强度I沿与图3A中的水平轴x形成角度π/6（30°）的图3A中的轴线X的变化；
图4示出了当Λ等于30微米时相对于Δn和ΔR以a%表示的均方根（RMS）平整度变化的示图；以及
图5示出了根据本发明的光纤的光学指数的径向剖面。
具体实施方式
图1A是适于得到平坦基谐模、具有大直径的微结构光纤发明的示例的示意性截面图。图1B示出了图1A中所表示的光纤沿水平截面的指数剖面，即，随半径R（径向剖面）而变的光学指数n的变化。
微结构的好处特别在于即使针对较大的纤芯（相对于在光纤中传播的光的波长λ）也能提供准单模特性。
图1A中所示的光纤包括：
中心部分，该中心部分由光学指数被标注为N的纤芯2和光学指数等于N+Δn的环4组成，其中，Δn（指数阶跃）确定地为正；以及
包围环4的光学包层6，该光学包层6包括夹杂空气并且具有小于纤芯2的光学指数N的等效平均光学指数nFSM。
更具体地，在图1A所示的示例中，光学包层6包括平行于光纤的轴线的纵向气隙8。包层6由与纤芯相同的材料组成，但是由于这些气隙的存在，其指数nFSM小于N。
在该示例中，纤芯2由纯二氧化硅制成；环4具有亚微米厚度并且其由掺杂有少量锗的二氧化硅制成；环的内半径被标注为R1，其外半径被标注为R2，从而其厚度为ΔR（ΔR=R2-R1）；并且包层6是空气-二氧化硅型的。注意，纤芯2的直径等于2R1，其中根据本发明2R1≥10微米。
微结构参数为气隙8的直径d和气隙8的间距Λ。
从图1A可以看出，为了形成被环4包围的纤芯2，七个中央气隙或者毛细孔由实心材料来代替，从而形成纤芯并且形成环。该光纤被视为具有7个缺陷。
这种几何结构适于在不过度地扩大气隙网络的间距Λ的情况下扩大基谐模的尺寸。应当注意，对于这样的几何结构，要求比例d/Λ等于0.046以在不论λ/Λ 为何值的情况下得到单一传播模（参见文献[7]）。
比例d/Λ应当尽可能地小（通常d/Λ小于0.25）以使得传导模的数量尽可能地小。
环4的外半径R2由光纤的生产来限定。由于用来形成包层6的毛细孔的定位，在限定该环4、具有半径R2的外部柱面与所遇到的第一个气隙的中心之间需要至少等于Λ/2的间距，相当于最大外半径等于
当环的基谐模达到其截止波长时（即，当该模的有效指数变得等于纤芯材料的折射指数时），得到平坦模。针对于变量对（Δn；ΔR）对基谐模横向强度剖面的平整度进行优化。图2给出了针对于d/Λ=0.25的优化的示例。应当注意，Δn（指数阶跃或者指数反差）是环4的光学指数与纤芯2的光学指数之间的差异，以及ΔR是该环的厚度。
更具体地，图2给出了以下情况中时适于得到平坦剖面的环的厚度（随指数反差而变）：针对缺陷为7；针对气隙之间的若干间距Λ，即，Λ=8.5微米（曲线I）、Λ=17微米（曲线II）和Λ=30微米（曲线III）；并且针对d/Λ=0.25。
图3A示出了在间距Λ为30微米、指数反差Δn为2x10-3以及比例d/Λ为0.25的情况下在图1A中所示的微结构光纤中传导的模的横向剖面。对于这一指数反差，图2验证了环的厚度ΔR应该等于305纳米。
图3B示出了沿着图3A中的轴线X的光强度I（单位W/m2）的变化，该轴线X与图3A中的水平轴x形成π/6弧度（30°）的角度。
应当注意，由于对称的原因，图3A中仅示出了光纤的四分之一。对于整个结构，在这种情况下，得到的基谐模的有效面积为6420平方微米。
图1A所示的结构以及图2中给出的随指数反差而变的环厚度的变化适于得到平坦基谐模。不同于现有技术中存在的设计方案，在本发明中计算光学参数时考虑了生产限制。
因此出现了现有技术中所知的设计提升。这一提升使得解决生产具有平坦基谐模的光纤的问题成为可能，该问题以前并未得到解决。
可从图2中读出的指数反差Δn适于使用外部气相沉积（OVP）技术通过以下方式得到：在纯二氧化硅（指数N）周围沉积具有指数N+Δn的二氧化硅，或者在具有指数N-Δn的掺杂二氧化硅纤芯周围沉积纯二氧化硅（指数N）。现有的生产技术适于将环的尺寸控制在几个百分比之内并且适于得到5x10-4内的指数反差。
图4是具有7个缺陷、30微米的间距Λ以及0.25的比例d/Λ的光纤的平整度变化（以%表示的均方根变化）的示图，该平整度变化随参数Δn和ΔR而变。
在图4中，看出Δn在2x10-3附近变化以及ΔR在300纳米附近变化。在调制率的基础上计算这些变化，其中<>相当于在模表面的80%上计算的平均值。
因此，即使对于比通常生产精度更大范围的ΔR（半径微分）值，由Mspa所定义的变化值也小于7%。
不同于现有技术中的光纤，本发明中的光纤的结构参数以及关于这些参数的不确定性与当前的生产技术是兼容的。
特别地，尽管文献[5]中所公开的光纤的尺寸似乎接近于根据本发明的光纤的尺寸，但是不同于根据本发明的光纤，从文献[5]中获知的光纤在实验上是不可行的。
还应当注意，在本发明中，为了得到考虑生产限制的尺寸，需要进行数值优化。因此，所使用的参数不是利用现有技术中所知的规律或数值直接得到的。
也应当注意，尽管对平坦基谐模光纤表示了极大的兴趣，但是现有技术仅包括这种光纤的一个实验性实施例（参见文献[2]）。而且，这一已知的实验性实施例相对不可信，因为在光纤的输出端得到的光线的强度是非常轻微地平坦的（参见文献[4]）。这清楚地验证了该尺寸并不明显。
形成根据本发明的光纤的尺寸的推理过程如下所示：
选择在光纤中传导的光的波长λ（例如，λ=1微米或者λ=1.55微米）；
选择气隙结构中由固态纤芯所代替的毛细孔的数量（例如，7个缺陷）；
选择比例d/Λ（例如，d/Λ=0.12）；
选择具有发光离子的纤芯的掺杂量T（T>0），确定纤芯的指数N（参见图5），以及
选择气隙之间的间距Λ，确定气隙d的直径、光学包层的外半径R2（图5）以及等效平均指数nFSM。
因此，在环的厚度ΔR与指数反差Δn之间存在等式。该等式如下：
参数α（以微米表示）和β的值取决于上面所选择的参数（波长λ、缺陷值、比例d/Λ、产生自可能的掺杂的纤芯的光学指数的值N以及气隙之间的间距Λ）。
对于不同的配置，按以下方式给出参数α和β的值。
I）纤芯由未掺杂二氧化硅制成。
α由以下公式给出：
α=2.489x10-2(d/Λ)0.25λ2/Λ
其中，当d、Λ和λ以微米表示时，α也以微米表示；以及β等于1。
II）纤芯由掺杂二氧化硅制成（例如，掺杂有镱、铝或者其他诸如磷或锗的共掺质）；以及掺杂产生了相对于纯二氧化硅大约为δn=1.5x10-3的指数差异。
α由以下公式给出：
α=1.046x10-2(λ/Λ)0.19
其中，当Λ和λ以微米表示时，α也以微米表示；以及β等于0.905。
III）纤芯被掺杂（例如，掺杂有镱、铝或者其他诸如磷或锗的共掺质）；以及掺杂产生了相对于纯二氧化硅大约为δn=5x10-3的指数差异。
α由以下公式给出：
α=1.327x10-2(λ/Λ)0.05
其中，当Λ和λ以微米表示时，α也以微米表示；以及β等于0.87。
作为一般规律，纤芯的掺杂越大，随λ而变的α的变化越小（相对于环，光学包层的结构对参数Δn和ΔR的最优值的影响较小）。
重点注意的是，产生自等式（1）和上述值的环的厚度ΔR与光学反差Δn之间的变化不同于文献[5]中特有的分析公式给出的变化。对由此产生的设计而言，由该公式给出的结果过于近似而不能产生平坦基谐模。
要指出的是，作为一般规律，Δn>10-3,5x10-4微米<α<5x10-2微米，以及0.5<β<1.5。
本发明在光纤激光系统领域中具有多种利益和应用：
适于将其强度具有高斯剖面的光线转化为其强度具有平坦剖面（空间成形）的光线；
适于优化用于激光器微细加工应用（尤其是标记和焊接）的光线的远场强度；
相对于无源光纤（即，不发光的光纤），其基谐模具有等效有效面积，但是其基谐模呈高斯分布，由于平坦模导致的峰值强度的减小适于增加能量（或功率）、适于被传播（因此使用高能束流传输应用）或者适于基于非线性放大在装置的输出端被得到（尤其是使用四波混频的装置和使用拉曼效应的装置）；以及
如果光纤纤芯掺杂有发光离子，则本发明适于产生平坦模激光器和放大器，适于增大可以从这样的系统中提取的能量（或功率）。
在上面给出的示例中，考虑了具有7个缺陷（7个缺失性气隙）的微结构光纤。然而，本发明并不限于该值，该光纤可以具有另一数值的缺陷，例如19，甚至1。
而且，在上面给出的示例中，考虑了微结构光纤的光学包层中的空气夹杂物（纵向气隙）。然而，其它的夹杂物也是可能的，例如，掺杂二氧化硅夹杂物或者诸如氩气的其它气体的夹杂物。
本发明描述中所引用的文献如下所示：
A.K.Ghatak,I.C.Goyal and R.Jindal,“获得平模场的波导折射率分布图设计”,Proc.SPIE3666,40-44(1998)；
J.W.Dawson,R.Beach,I.Jovanovic,B.Wattellier,Z.Liao,S.A.Payne andC.P.J.Barty,“用于高输出能量脉冲光纤激光器的大平坦模光纤”,paper CWD5,CLEO2003；
J.W.Dawson,R.J.Beach,S.A.Payne,M.D.Feit,C.P.J.Barty and Z.M.Liao,“平坦模圆柱和带状光纤及放大器”,US2004/0247272(9December2004)；
J.W.Dawson,R.Beach,I.Jovanovic,B.Wattelier,Z.Liao,S.A.Payne andC.P.J.Barty,“用于减小光纤激光器中的非线性影响的大平坦模光纤”,Proc.SPIE5335,132-139(2004)；
C.Wang,F.Zhang,Y.Lu,C.Liu,R.Geng and T.Ning,“用于光纤激光器的具有平坦基谐模的光子晶体光纤”,Opt.Commun.282,2232-2235(2009)；
X.Lu,Q.Zhou,J.Qiu,C.Zhu and D.Fan,“波束成形微结构光纤设计准则及特性”,Opt.Commun.259,636-639(2006)；
K.Saitoh,Y.Tsuchida,M.Koshiba and N.Asger Mortensen,“不截止单模多洞光纤:纤芯设计的影响”,Opt.Express26,10833(2005)。

Claims (12)

1.一种具有大纤芯和平坦基谐模的微结构光纤，所述平坦基谐模代表强度具有平坦的横向剖面的基谐模，包括：
纤芯(2)，所述纤芯(2)的直径为至少10微米；
包围所述纤芯的环(4)，所述环(4)的光学指数比所述纤芯的光学指数高出值Δn，并且所述环(4)的外半径比内半径大出值ΔR；以及
光学包层(6)，所述光学包层(6)包围所述环并且包括包含有夹杂物的基质，其中，所述夹杂物的光学指数不同于所述基质的光学指数，所述包层的等效平均光学指数nFSM小于所述纤芯的光学指数，
其特征在于，Δn大于10-3并且ΔR通过等式ΔR＝α/(Δn)β与Δn关联，其中，α在从5x10-4微米到5x10-2微米的区间内，β在从0.5到1.5的区间内，并且α和β取决于所述微结构光纤要传导的光的波长λ、所述微结构光纤中的缺失性夹杂物的数量、所述夹杂物的直径d、所述夹杂物的间距Λ和所述纤芯(2)的光学指数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微结构光纤，其中，所述缺失性夹杂物的数量为7。
3.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的微结构光纤，其中，所述纤芯(2)没有被掺杂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的微结构光纤，其中，所述纤芯(2)由未掺杂的二氧化硅制成，β等于1并且α由以下公式给出：
α＝2.489x10-2(d/Λ)0.25λ2/Λ
其中，当d，Λ和λ以微米表示时，α也同样以微米表示。
5.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的微结构光纤，其中，所述纤芯(2)被掺杂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的微结构光纤，其中，所述纤芯(2)由掺杂的二氧化硅制成，从而将纯二氧化硅的光学指数增大1.5x10-3，β等于0.905并且α由以下公式给出：
α＝1.046x10-2(λ/Λ)0.19
其中，当Λ和λ以微米表示时，α也同样以微米表示。
7.根据权利要求5所述的微结构光纤，其中，所述纤芯(2)由掺杂的二氧化硅制成，从而将纯二氧化硅的光学指数增大5x10-3，β等于0.87并且α由以下公式给出：
α＝1.327x10-2(λ/Λ)0.05
其中，当Λ和λ以微米表示时，α也同样以微米表示。
8.根据权利要求1所述的微结构光纤，其中，所述夹杂物为纵向气隙(8)。
9.根据权利要求6所述的微结构光纤，其中，所述掺杂的二氧化硅掺杂有镱和下列共掺质中的一种：铝或磷或锗。
10.根据权利要求7所述的微结构光纤，其中，所述掺杂的二氧化硅掺杂有镱和下列共掺质中的一种：铝或磷或锗。
11.用于生产根据权利要求1所述的微结构光纤的方法，其中，
选择λ；
选择缺失性夹杂物的数量；
选择比例d/Λ；
选择所述纤芯(2)的掺杂量T，T大于或者等于0；
选择Λ；
选择Δn；
利用所述等式确定ΔR以在所述光纤的输入端被射入具有波长λ的光时在所述光纤的输出端得到平坦基谐模；以及
在由此选择了所述夹杂物的数量以及所述参数d、T、Λ、Δn并且以上述方式确定了所述参数ΔR的情况下，生产所述微结构光纤。
12.一种激光微细加工方法，其中，使用根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的微结构光纤来传导由激光器发射出的光。
CN201280045944.XA 2011-09-20 2012-09-18 具有大纤芯和平坦基谐模的微结构光纤，其生产方法以及其在激光微细加工中的使用 Expired - Fee Related CN103930810B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1158356A FR2980277B1 (fr) 2011-09-20 2011-09-20 Fibre optique microstructuree a grand coeur et a mode fondamental aplati, et procede de conception de celle ci, application a la microfabrication par laser
FR1158356 2011-09-20
PCT/EP2012/068370 WO2013041533A1 (fr) 2011-09-20 2012-09-18 Fibre optique microstructuree a grand cœur et a mode fondamental aplati, et procede de fabrication de celle ci, application a la microfabrication par laser

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN103930810A CN103930810A (zh) 2014-07-16
CN103930810B true CN103930810B (zh) 2017-03-29

Family

ID=46852021

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201280045944.XA Expired - Fee Related CN103930810B (zh) 2011-09-20 2012-09-18 具有大纤芯和平坦基谐模的微结构光纤，其生产方法以及其在激光微细加工中的使用

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9244219B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2758816B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6121426B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN103930810B (zh)
FR (1) FR2980277B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2013041533A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (176)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2987905B1 (fr) * 2012-03-08 2015-03-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de conversion du profil spatial transverse d'intensite d'un faisceau lumineux, utilisant de preference une fibre optique microstructuree
US9113347B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2015-08-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Backhaul link for distributed antenna system
US10009065B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Backhaul link for distributed antenna system
US9999038B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2018-06-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Remote distributed antenna system
US9525524B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2016-12-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Remote distributed antenna system
US8897697B1 (en) 2013-11-06 2014-11-25 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Millimeter-wave surface-wave communications
US9209902B2 (en) 2013-12-10 2015-12-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Quasi-optical coupler
JP5946196B2 (ja) * 2014-04-01 2016-07-05 日本電信電話株式会社 ファイバおよびファイバ増幅器
US10069271B2 (en) 2014-06-02 2018-09-04 Nlight, Inc. Scalable high power fiber laser
CN105720463B (zh) 2014-08-01 2021-05-14 恩耐公司 光纤和光纤传输的激光器中的背向反射保护与监控
US9692101B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2017-06-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided wave couplers for coupling electromagnetic waves between a waveguide surface and a surface of a wire
US9768833B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2017-09-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for sensing a condition in a transmission medium of electromagnetic waves
US10063280B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2018-08-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Monitoring and mitigating conditions in a communication network
US9628854B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2017-04-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for distributing content in a communication network
US9615269B2 (en) 2014-10-02 2017-04-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus that provides fault tolerance in a communication network
US9685992B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2017-06-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Circuit panel network and methods thereof
US9503189B2 (en) 2014-10-10 2016-11-22 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for arranging communication sessions in a communication system
US9973299B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2018-05-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for adjusting a mode of communication in a communication network
US9762289B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2017-09-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for transmitting or receiving signals in a transportation system
US9577306B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-02-21 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device and methods for use therewith
US9564947B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-02-07 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device with diversity and methods for use therewith
US9312919B1 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-04-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Transmission device with impairment compensation and methods for use therewith
US9627768B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-04-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device with non-fundamental mode propagation and methods for use therewith
US9780834B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-10-03 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for transmitting electromagnetic waves
US9653770B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-05-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided wave coupler, coupling module and methods for use therewith
US9520945B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-12-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for providing communication services and methods thereof
US9769020B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-09-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for responding to events affecting communications in a communication network
US9800327B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-10-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for controlling operations of a communication device and methods thereof
US9954287B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2018-04-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for converting wireless signals and electromagnetic waves and methods thereof
US9680670B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-06-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with channel equalization and control and methods for use therewith
US9654173B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-05-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for powering a communication device and methods thereof
US9997819B2 (en) 2015-06-09 2018-06-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium and method for facilitating propagation of electromagnetic waves via a core
US10009067B2 (en) 2014-12-04 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for configuring a communication interface
US10243784B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2019-03-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System for generating topology information and methods thereof
US9742462B2 (en) 2014-12-04 2017-08-22 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium and communication interfaces and methods for use therewith
US9461706B1 (en) 2015-07-31 2016-10-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Method and apparatus for exchanging communication signals
US10340573B2 (en) 2016-10-26 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with cylindrical coupling device and methods for use therewith
US9544006B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-01-10 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with mode division multiplexing and methods for use therewith
US9837783B2 (en) 2015-01-26 2017-12-05 Nlight, Inc. High-power, single-mode fiber sources
US10144036B2 (en) 2015-01-30 2018-12-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mitigating interference affecting a propagation of electromagnetic waves guided by a transmission medium
US9876570B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Guided-wave transmission device with non-fundamental mode propagation and methods for use therewith
US9749013B2 (en) 2015-03-17 2017-08-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for reducing attenuation of electromagnetic waves guided by a transmission medium
US10050404B2 (en) 2015-03-26 2018-08-14 Nlight, Inc. Fiber source with cascaded gain stages and/or multimode delivery fiber with low splice loss
EP3285101A4 (en) 2015-04-14 2019-01-02 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Photonic crystal fiber
US9705561B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2017-07-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Directional coupling device and methods for use therewith
US10224981B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2019-03-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Passive electrical coupling device and methods for use therewith
US9948354B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2018-04-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Magnetic coupling device with reflective plate and methods for use therewith
US9793954B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2017-10-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Magnetic coupling device and methods for use therewith
US9871282B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2018-01-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. At least one transmission medium having a dielectric surface that is covered at least in part by a second dielectric
US9490869B1 (en) 2015-05-14 2016-11-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium having multiple cores and methods for use therewith
US9748626B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2017-08-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Plurality of cables having different cross-sectional shapes which are bundled together to form a transmission medium
US10650940B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2020-05-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium having a conductive material and methods for use therewith
US10679767B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2020-06-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium having a conductive material and methods for use therewith
US9917341B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2018-03-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and method for launching electromagnetic waves and for modifying radial dimensions of the propagating electromagnetic waves
US10348391B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2019-07-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Client node device with frequency conversion and methods for use therewith
US10812174B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2020-10-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Client node device and methods for use therewith
US9912381B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Network termination and methods for use therewith
US9866309B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-01-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Host node device and methods for use therewith
US10103801B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-10-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Host node device and methods for use therewith
US10154493B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-12-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Network termination and methods for use therewith
US9913139B2 (en) 2015-06-09 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Signal fingerprinting for authentication of communicating devices
US9608692B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2017-03-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Repeater and methods for use therewith
US10142086B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2018-11-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Repeater and methods for use therewith
US9820146B2 (en) 2015-06-12 2017-11-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for authentication and identity management of communicating devices
US9667317B2 (en) 2015-06-15 2017-05-30 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for providing security using network traffic adjustments
US9640850B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2017-05-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for inducing a non-fundamental wave mode on a transmission medium
US9865911B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-01-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Waveguide system for slot radiating first electromagnetic waves that are combined into a non-fundamental wave mode second electromagnetic wave on a transmission medium
US9509415B1 (en) 2015-06-25 2016-11-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for inducing a fundamental wave mode on a transmission medium
US10520671B2 (en) 2015-07-08 2019-12-31 Nlight, Inc. Fiber with depressed central index for increased beam parameter product
US10148016B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-12-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for communicating utilizing an antenna array
US10044409B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-08-07 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium and methods for use therewith
US10033107B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-07-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device
US10170840B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-01-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for sending or receiving electromagnetic signals
US10341142B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating non-interfering electromagnetic waves on an uninsulated conductor
US9722318B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-08-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device
US9853342B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-12-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Dielectric transmission medium connector and methods for use therewith
US10033108B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-07-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating an electromagnetic wave having a wave mode that mitigates interference
US9882257B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-01-30 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for launching a wave mode that mitigates interference
US9628116B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-04-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for transmitting wireless signals
US9847566B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-12-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for adjusting a field of a signal to mitigate interference
US10320586B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-06-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating non-interfering electromagnetic waves on an insulated transmission medium
US10205655B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-02-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for communicating utilizing an antenna array and multiple communication paths
US9836957B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-12-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for communicating with premises equipment
US9793951B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2017-10-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for launching a wave mode that mitigates interference
US10090606B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2018-10-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system with dielectric array and methods for use therewith
US9608740B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2017-03-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for launching a wave mode that mitigates interference
US9948333B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-04-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for wireless communications to mitigate interference
US10784670B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2020-09-22 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna support for aligning an antenna
US9749053B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2017-08-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Node device, repeater and methods for use therewith
US9871283B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-01-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Transmission medium having a dielectric core comprised of plural members connected by a ball and socket configuration
US9912027B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for exchanging communication signals
US9967173B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2018-05-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for authentication and identity management of communicating devices
US10020587B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2018-07-10 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Radial antenna and methods for use therewith
US9735833B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2017-08-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for communications management in a neighborhood network
US9904535B2 (en) 2015-09-14 2018-02-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for distributing software
US10079661B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-09-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having a clock reference
US10009063B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having an out-of-band reference signal
US10051629B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-08-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having an in-band reference signal
US10136434B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having an ultra-wideband control channel
US9705571B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2017-07-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system
US10009901B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium for managing utilization of wireless resources between base stations
US10768433B2 (en) 2015-09-24 2020-09-08 Nlight, Inc. Beam parameter product (bpp) control by varying fiber-to-fiber angle
US9769128B2 (en) 2015-09-28 2017-09-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for encryption of communications over a network
US9729197B2 (en) 2015-10-01 2017-08-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for communicating network management traffic over a network
US9882277B2 (en) 2015-10-02 2018-01-30 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Communication device and antenna assembly with actuated gimbal mount
US9876264B2 (en) 2015-10-02 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Communication system, guided wave switch and methods for use therewith
US10074890B2 (en) 2015-10-02 2018-09-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Communication device and antenna with integrated light assembly
US10051483B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2018-08-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for directing wireless signals
US10665942B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2020-05-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for adjusting wireless communications
US10355367B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2019-07-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna structure for exchanging wireless signals
US11179807B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2021-11-23 Nlight, Inc. Fine-scale temporal control for laser material processing
US10434600B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2019-10-08 Nlight, Inc. Fine-scale temporal control for laser material processing
US9912419B1 (en) 2016-08-24 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for managing a fault in a distributed antenna system
US9860075B1 (en) 2016-08-26 2018-01-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and communication node for broadband distribution
US10291311B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2019-05-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mitigating a fault in a distributed antenna system
US11032819B2 (en) 2016-09-15 2021-06-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having a control channel reference signal
US10730785B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2020-08-04 Nlight, Inc. Optical fiber bending mechanisms
US10732439B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2020-08-04 Nlight, Inc. Fiber-coupled device for varying beam characteristics
US10423015B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2019-09-24 Nlight, Inc. Adjustable beam characteristics
US10135146B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching guided waves via circuits
US10135147B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching guided waves via an antenna
US10340600B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching guided waves via plural waveguide systems
US10374316B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2019-08-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System and dielectric antenna with non-uniform dielectric
US10811767B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2020-10-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System and dielectric antenna with convex dielectric radome
US9991580B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2018-06-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher and coupling system for guided wave mode cancellation
US9876605B1 (en) 2016-10-21 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher and coupling system to support desired guided wave mode
US10312567B2 (en) 2016-10-26 2019-06-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with planar strip antenna and methods for use therewith
US10224634B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-03-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for adjusting an operational characteristic of an antenna
US10291334B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-05-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System for detecting a fault in a communication system
US10498044B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-12-03 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for configuring a surface of an antenna
US10225025B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-03-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for detecting a fault in a communication system
US10090594B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2018-10-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system having structural configurations for assembly
US10340603B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system having shielded structural configurations for assembly
US10340601B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Multi-antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10178445B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2019-01-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods, devices, and systems for load balancing between a plurality of waveguides
US10535928B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2020-01-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10305190B2 (en) 2016-12-01 2019-05-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Reflecting dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10361489B2 (en) 2016-12-01 2019-07-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Dielectric dish antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10439675B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-10-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for repeating guided wave communication signals
US10382976B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-08-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for managing wireless communications based on communication paths and network device positions
US10727599B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-07-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with slot antenna and methods for use therewith
US9927517B1 (en) 2016-12-06 2018-03-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for sensing rainfall
US10135145B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating an electromagnetic wave along a transmission medium
US10694379B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-06-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Waveguide system with device-based authentication and methods for use therewith
US10755542B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-08-25 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for surveillance via guided wave communication
US10819035B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-10-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with helical antenna and methods for use therewith
US10020844B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2018-07-10 T&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for broadcast communication via guided waves
US10637149B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-04-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Injection molded dielectric antenna and methods for use therewith
US10326494B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-06-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for measurement de-embedding and methods for use therewith
US10446936B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-10-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Multi-feed dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10027397B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-07-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Distributed antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10243270B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-03-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Beam adaptive multi-feed dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10359749B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-07-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for utilities management via guided wave communication
US10139820B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-11-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for deploying equipment of a communication system
US10168695B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-01-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for controlling an unmanned aircraft
US10389029B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-08-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Multi-feed dielectric antenna system with core selection and methods for use therewith
US9893795B1 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-02-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Method and repeater for broadband distribution
US10547348B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2020-01-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for switching transmission mediums in a communication system
US9911020B1 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for tracking via a radio frequency identification device
US10777873B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2020-09-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mounting network devices
US10389037B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2019-08-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for selecting sections of an antenna array and use therewith
US10938108B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2021-03-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Frequency selective multi-feed dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10411356B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2019-09-10 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for selectively targeting communication devices with an antenna array
US10530505B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2020-01-07 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching electromagnetic waves along a transmission medium
US10916969B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2021-02-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for providing power using an inductive coupling
US9998870B1 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-06-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for proximity sensing
US10103422B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-10-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mounting network devices
US10601494B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2020-03-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Dual-band communication device and method for use therewith
US10326689B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2019-06-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and system for providing alternative communication paths
US10069535B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-09-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching electromagnetic waves having a certain electric field structure
US9838896B1 (en) 2016-12-09 2017-12-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for assessing network coverage
US10264586B2 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-04-16 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Cloud-based packet controller and methods for use therewith
US10340983B2 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for surveying remote sites via guided wave communications
US9973940B1 (en) 2017-02-27 2018-05-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for dynamic impedance matching of a guided wave launcher
US10298293B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2019-05-21 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus of communication utilizing wireless network devices
FR3064112B1 (fr) * 2017-03-16 2021-06-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif imageur optique

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW200600861A (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-01 Univ Nat Sun Yat Sen Broadband ultra-flattened dispersion micro-structured fiber
CN101303432A (zh) * 2008-06-25 2008-11-12 天津大学 小芯径集束型的大有效模场面积和高非线性光子晶体光纤
CN101836143A (zh) * 2007-10-03 2010-09-15 巴斯大学 空心芯光子晶体光纤

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5835655A (en) 1995-01-26 1998-11-10 Corning Incorporated Large effective area waveguide fiber
JP2000111753A (ja) * 1998-09-30 2000-04-21 Fujikura Ltd レーザ光伝送用光ファイバ
ATE418743T1 (de) * 2001-03-30 2009-01-15 Ocg Technology Licensing Llc Ringkernfaser
JP3640943B2 (ja) * 2002-08-20 2005-04-20 三菱電線工業株式会社 フォトニッククリスタルファイバ
US20040247272A1 (en) 2003-06-03 2004-12-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Flattened mode cylindrical and ribbon fibers and amplifiers
US7280730B2 (en) * 2004-01-16 2007-10-09 Imra America, Inc. Large core holey fibers
EP1877845A2 (en) * 2005-05-03 2008-01-16 THE ARIZONA BOARD OF REGENTS on behalf of THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA Microstructured optical fibers and manufacturing methods thereof
US7171091B1 (en) * 2005-08-15 2007-01-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Tuned cladding fiber amplifier and laser
US7142757B1 (en) * 2005-09-20 2006-11-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Large flattened mode tuned cladding photonic crystal fiber laser and amplifier
US8755658B2 (en) * 2007-02-15 2014-06-17 Institut National D'optique Archimedean-lattice microstructured optical fiber
FR2941539B1 (fr) * 2009-01-23 2011-02-25 Draka Comteq France Fibre optique monomode
US20100247046A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Imra America, Inc. Wide bandwidth, low loss photonic bandgap fibers
US8068705B2 (en) * 2009-09-14 2011-11-29 Gapontsev Valentin P Single-mode high-power fiber laser system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW200600861A (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-01 Univ Nat Sun Yat Sen Broadband ultra-flattened dispersion micro-structured fiber
CN101836143A (zh) * 2007-10-03 2010-09-15 巴斯大学 空心芯光子晶体光纤
CN101303432A (zh) * 2008-06-25 2008-11-12 天津大学 小芯径集束型的大有效模场面积和高非线性光子晶体光纤

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Photonic crystal fiber for fundamental mode operation of multicore fiber lasers and amplifiers;Chun-can Wang et al;《Optics Communications》;ELSEVIER;20081231(第281期);全文 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20140233900A1 (en) 2014-08-21
JP6121426B2 (ja) 2017-04-26
JP2014531618A (ja) 2014-11-27
WO2013041533A1 (fr) 2013-03-28
FR2980277B1 (fr) 2013-10-11
FR2980277A1 (fr) 2013-03-22
EP2758816B1 (fr) 2015-11-25
EP2758816A1 (fr) 2014-07-30
US9244219B2 (en) 2016-01-26
CN103930810A (zh) 2014-07-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103930810B (zh) 具有大纤芯和平坦基谐模的微结构光纤，其生产方法以及其在激光微细加工中的使用
Russell Photonic-crystal fibers
Hensley et al. Photonic band-gap fiber gas cell fabricated using femtosecond micromachining
US8755658B2 (en) Archimedean-lattice microstructured optical fiber
EP2201416A1 (en) Hollow-core photonic crystal fibre
JP5612654B2 (ja) ファイバ・レーザおよびファイバ増幅器用の希土類がドープされ有効区域が大きい光ファイバ
Valentin et al. Top-hat beam output of a single-mode microstructured optical fiber: Impact of core index depression
Abdelaziz et al. Enhanced effective area photonic crystal fiber with novel air hole design
Hao et al. Optimized design of unsymmetrical gap nodeless hollow core fibers for optofluidic applications
US9488780B2 (en) Device for converting the transverse spatial profile of intensity of a light beam, preferably using a microstructured optical fibre
WO2002088801A2 (en) Higher-order-mode dispersion compensating photonic crystal fibres
Wang et al. Design and analysis for large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber with negative-curvature air ring
Rostami et al. Correspondence between effective mode area and dispersion variations in defected core photonic crystal fibers
Raja et al. Extremely large mode-area bent hybrid leakage channel fibers for lasing applications
CA2677014C (en) Archimedean-lattice microstructured optical fiber
You et al. Wideband, large mode field and single vector mode transmission in a 37-cell hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber
Ji et al. A six-strut suspended core fiber for cylindrical vector mode generation and propagation
Jafari et al. Wideband Dispersion Compensation in Hexagonal Lattice Photonic Crystal Fiber
Foued et al. Low-loss single-mode hybrid-lattice hollow-core photonic-crystal fibre
Zhao et al. Large mode area and nearly zero flattened dispersion photonic crystal fiber by diminishing the pitch of the innermost air-holes-ring
Kühlthau et al. Design, production, and characterization of a Large-Mode Area tubular Inhibited-Coupling Guiding Hollow-Core Fiber with low dispersion
CN115180816B (zh) 用于制备高数值孔径空气包层光纤的方法
Tan et al. Characterization of bent large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber
Wang et al. Crescent-Shaped Anti-Resonant Hollow Core Fiber
Röhrer et al. Design, production, and characterization of specialty optical fibers at the IFSW: Hollow‐core fibers for the delivery of high‐brightness beams from ultrafast lasers

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20170329

Termination date: 20200918