CN103927591A - Urban rail transit emergency evacuation optimization method and system - Google Patents
Urban rail transit emergency evacuation optimization method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an urban rail transit emergency evacuation optimization method and system. The method comprises the steps that metadata influencing the urban rail transit evacuation are collected, parameter classification storage is conducted on the metadata according to the Agent object type; a simulation model of urban rail transit emergency evacuation is constructed based on the Agent modeling approach by the adoption of the above stored data; analysis is conducted on the influence of evacuation time and artificial system property in the evacuation process on the evacuation result under the situation of an emergency event according to the simulation model of urban rail transit emergency evacuation; assessment and optimization are conducted on the analysis result. The invention further discloses an urban rail transit emergency evacuation optimization system which comprises a data collecting module, a modeling and simulation unit, a dynamic control unit and a simulation result analysis module. The urban rail transit emergency evacuation optimization method and system have the advantages that the intelligent simulation model can be achieved, good expandability is achieved, visual and complete analysis of the evacuation process is achieved, the auxiliary decision-making universality is strong and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of traffic evacuation optimization method and system.More specifically, relate to a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method and system.
Background technology
Along with social development, subway has become the requisite vehicles in people's life.But the appearance of metro accidents is also constantly being sounded the alarm to us.Because subway station building structure is normally sealed, in narrow space, density of personnel is high, and evacuation route is grown and it is less to export, once there is accident, often because the reasons such as dispersing station scheme imperfection, design defect, human error cause serious consequence.History shows both at home and abroad, once subway breaking out of fire or other accident will cause huge casualties and property loss, its result is startling often, and brings greatly negative effect to society.Therefore, after urgent accident occurs, how to formulate the strength that emergency preplan and tissue utilize each side and organize effective emergency response, reach and farthest guarantee personal safety and property safety, reduce accident to great harm economic and that society causes, this becomes a global various countries significant problem urgently to be resolved hurrily already.
Although overseas utilization computer simulation technique starts only there be more than 20 year to the research of subway emergency evacuation, to the research of the crowd evacuation history of existing more than 40 year, and formed an independently subject.1993, crowded safety engineering international conference (International conference on engineering for crowd safety) was held in London.Calendar year 2001, first " pedestrian and the conference of evacuation dynamics " (Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics is called for short PED) holds at Duisburg, Germany, and published proceeding.In the macroscopical pedestrian's kinetic model proposing at Henderson, pedestrian's motor behavior is considered to flowing of similar gas or liquid, pedestrian's movement is just as flowing, but in macromodel, personnel consider as a kind of pure " material " form, therefore do not consider pedestrian's psychology, just can choice direction and fall down yet.The social force model that Germany Helbing proposes is thought of as interactional particle by pedestrian, can consider the effect of pedestrian's Psychological phobia in to the research of emergency evacuation, can reflect the impact of pedestrian's psychology on global behavior.Domestic relatively external for the research of urban track traffic emergency evacuation, start late, but also have much fruitful research.Beijing Inst. of Civil Engineering & Arch's analogy speech waits people to consider that constructure inner structure and human behavior are on the impact of evacuating, set up simple subway station evacuation model, analyzed impact (the analogy speech of subway exit condition for evacuating personnel, Liu Dongdong, Kong Weiwei. subway outlet and interior condition are to the impact analysis of evacuating personnel and application [J]. Beijing Inst. of Civil Engineering & Arch's journal, 2008,24 (4): 30-35.).The Lu Junan of Wuhan University, Founder, Lu Zhaoming etc. have proposed space lattice evacuation model in calendar year 2001, studied individual impact and the situation of building, individual place that is subject to other individualities in evacuation process it has been evacuated to the effect (Lu Junan of effect, upright, Lu Zhaoming, Deng. the mathematical model of evacuation speed for personnel in buildings [J]. Wuhan University Journal, 2002,35 (2): 66-70.).
Existing research is mainly that the evacuation behavior while utilizing the methods such as Computer Simulation, pedestrian's experiment and zoopery to crowd evacuation is studied, and most emergency evacuation system is all to realize based on Agent or certain specific method, has limitation.And for evacuating considering of content, evacuation method, and the research being based upon on the basis of strict manual system is to lack in current urban track traffic emergency evacuation field.Especially wherein the own attribute that is passenger for the behavioural characteristic of evacuating pedestrian sets about studying the evacuation activity of pedestrian in station, the running status of train in evacuation situation, between pedestrian and train mutual, according to generating the scheme base of emergency evacuation under different experiment with computing conditions, according to scheme base, to the research of the radical row of station planted agent, be few.
At present, the emergency evacuation problem under emergency case is more and more subject to various countries' attention.Yet, the emergency evacuation problem of City Rail Transit System due to the complicacy of system, the reasons such as prediction that are difficult to of personnel's uncontrollability, accident are a complexity and insoluble problem always.When emergency case occurs, because influence factor is various, often can not find unique optimum dispersal plan, the small variation such as evacuation measure and psychological factor all may cause greatly impact to evacuating result.Therefore for real system emergency evacuation, carry out simulated drill, show that concrete quantized result provides support and seems and be extremely necessary dispersal plan and building structure.
Therefore, need to provide a kind of and can meet the actual emergency evacuation optimization method of urban track traffic and system, to provide, more approach the more rational emergency evacuation scheme of reality.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method and system, with overcome that existing emergency evacuation exists due to system complex, personnel are uncontrollable, accident is difficult to dispersal plan that the reasons such as prediction cause problem improperly.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation of following technical proposals optimization method, and the method comprises
S1, collection affect the metadata that urban track traffic is evacuated, and metadata is carried out to parametric classification storage by the type of Agent object;
S2, utilize the data of above-mentioned storage, based on Agent modeling method, build urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model;
S3, in emergency situation, in evacuation process, evacuation time and manual system attribute are analyzed, and carry out emulation based on urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model;
S4, simulation result is assessed and optimized.
Preferably, described metadata comprises environmental data, device data, pedestrian's data and train data in station.
Preferably, in described step S2, building urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model further comprises
The attribute that utilizes the interior environment in Agent model configuration station and equipment, builds station physical environment realistic model;
Utilize Agent model configuration train attribute, set up train simulation model, described train attribute comprises train basic act and dynamic-configuration parameter AT STATION;
Utilize social force model configuration line humanized, set up pedestrian simulation model, described pedestrian's attribute comprises pedestrian behavior information and passenger parameters information.
Preferably, in described step S3, emergency situation analysis further comprises
Configuration emergency evacuation scene properties;
Configure macroscopical attribute, described macroscopical attribute comprises station equipment state, the pedestrian density in evacuation situation, the number that enters the station and evacuates the start time, and analyzes described station equipment, pedestrian's gait of march, pedestrian position and the impact of pedestrian's quantity on evacuation time;
To station Passenger's distribution in evacuation process, evacuate passenger's real-time speed and number of evacuation over time situation analyze.
Preferably, described step S4 further comprises
The attribute of the factors such as the interior personnel's in configuration station distribution, personnel's feature, train status, carries out emergency evacuation experiment, obtains average evacuation time and death toll information under different situations, to evacuating effect, assesses;
Under different dispersal plans, evacuation time, the number of evacuation bottleneck place situation over time and in evacuation process is analyzed, and dispersal plan is optimized.
Preferably, the method further comprises by 2D and/or 3D mode urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model is carried out to simulation demo.
A urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization system, this system comprises
Data acquisition module, for environmental data, device data, pedestrian's data and train data in acquisition station;
Building model and simulation unit, for building urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model and emulation;
Dynamic control unit, realizes station dynamic simulation for changing the parameter of described urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model;
Analysis of simulation result module, for analyzing station Dynamic Simulation Results.
Preferably, described building model and simulation unit comprises
Database module, for pressing the Various types of data of Agent object type classified storage data collecting module collected;
Pedestrian's module, for humanized according to social force model configuration line, sets up pedestrian dummy;
Train module, for according to Agent model configuration train attribute, sets up train model;
Facility environment module, for according to the attribute of environment and equipment in Agent model configuration station, sets up station physical environment realistic model;
Preferably, described dynamic control unit comprises
Urgent scene module, is used to urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model to provide in emergency circumstances, station ambient conditions;
Macroscopic view attribute configuration module, for configuring relevant macroscopical attribute, and for urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model provides in emergency circumstances, provides described station equipment, pedestrian's gait of march, pedestrian position and the impact of pedestrian's quantity on evacuation time;
Real-Time Monitoring module, is used to urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model to provide in emergency circumstances, and the Passenger's distribution monitoring, evacuation passenger's real-time speed and number of evacuation be situation over time.
Preferably, this system further comprises human-computer interaction module, for demonstrating Dynamic Simulation Results by the mode of 2D and/or 3D, realizes operating personnel's dynamically controlling emulation simultaneously.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The invention has the advantages that:
1, realistic model is intelligent
The present invention takes development process to all kinds of intelligent body behaviors in analogue system, and intelligent body not only can complete autonomy, the logic of self behavior, can also between intelligent body, carry out mutual and cooperation.This has higher self organization ability and learning ability with respect to the realistic model of individual behavior fixed single, make emulation evacuation experiment more intelligent, also more approach reality, in conjunction with computing machine, calculate efficiently and statistical power, the emulation of City Rail Transit System is had to accuracy is high, intelligent, the feature of hommization.
2, expandability is strong
The present invention adopts the modular modeling pattern of intelligent body, and its scene library, scheme base, rule base can further configure and expand.The challenge that the evacuation problem of considering City Rail Transit System is a variation, factor is various, to evacuating, the Study on thinning of problem requires the flexibility ratio of realistic model high, extendability is strong, the present invention can expand, revise evacuating cause, environment, rule etc., can meet the emulation experiment of the different urban track traffic emergency evacuations that require.In addition, the reserved data-interface of native system make native system can with other system carry out effectively integrated, directly for other system provides experimental data or decision scheme.
3, evacuation process is intuitively comprehensive
The present invention possesses whole station Real-time Two-dimensional three-dimensional scenic and shows, the pedestrian at whole station, equipment, train, environment have been realized to true to nature representing directly perceived, can have macroscopical control to evacuation process.Comprehensive data statistics module has been shown the real-time change of station pedestrian distribution, evacuation progress, pedestrian's speed, injures and deaths situation etc. in evacuation emulation process in addition, complete displaying is drunk and has been recorded whole evacuation emulation process, is convenient to the further use of analysis and data.
4, the versatility of aid decision making
Scene library of the present invention and scheme base the versatility having guaranteed various emergency events is set, user can carry out according to the actual requirements arbitrary disposition and carry out evacuation emulation experiment.In addition, the effect of controlling of emergency evacuation system is not limited to function of the present invention and evacuates process simulation simulation, can also realize the functions such as commander's rehearsal, Real-time Decision of City Rail Transit System.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail;
Fig. 1 illustrates a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 illustrates a kind of schematic diagram of step 2 of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method;
Fig. 3 illustrates a kind of schematic diagram of step 3 of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method;
Fig. 4 illustrates a kind of schematic diagram of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization system;
Fig. 5 illustrates a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization system and builds process flow diagram;
Fig. 6 illustrates subway station structural drawing in Xuanwumen in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 illustrates and in the embodiment of the present invention, evacuates schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 illustrates the emergency evacuation result schematic diagram that occurs blast situation in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 illustrates the interior number dynamic monitoring situation contrast in station schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 illustrates and in the embodiment of the present invention, evacuates passenger's rate curve contrast schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method, the method comprises gathering affects the metadata that urban track traffic is evacuated, metadata is carried out to parametric classification storage S1 by the type of Agent object, and wherein metadata comprises environmental data, device data, pedestrian's data and train data in station, utilize the data of above-mentioned storage, based on Agent modeling method, build urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model S2, step S2 further comprises that to utilize social force model configuration line humanized, set up pedestrian simulation model, described pedestrian's attribute comprises pedestrian behavior information and passenger parameters information S21, utilize Agent model configuration train attribute, set up train simulation model, described train attribute comprises train basic act and dynamic-configuration parameter S 22 AT STATION, utilize the attribute of the interior environment in Agent model configuration station and equipment, build station physical environment realistic model S23, by in emergency situation, in evacuation process, evacuation time and manual system attribute are analyzed evacuating the impact of result, and carry out emulation S3 based on urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model, step S3 further comprises configuration emergency evacuation scene properties S31, configure macroscopical attribute, described macroscopical attribute comprises the station equipment state in evacuation situation, pedestrian density, the number that enters the station and evacuation start time, and analyze described station equipment, pedestrian's gait of march, pedestrian position and the pedestrian's quantity S32 that affects on evacuation time, to station Passenger's distribution in evacuation process, evacuation passenger's real-time speed and number of evacuation over time situation are analyzed S33, simulation result is assessed and optimized S4, and step S4 comprises evacuation time and security performance is assessed, and according to assessment result, emergent dispersal plan is optimized.The method further comprises by 2D and/or 3D mode carries out simulation demo to urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model.
The present invention further discloses a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization system, this system comprises the data acquisition module for environmental data, device data, pedestrian's data and train data in acquisition station, for building the building model and simulation unit of urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model and emulation, this building model and simulation unit further comprises for by the database module of the Various types of data of Agent object type classified storage data collecting module collected, for humanized according to social force model configuration line, set up pedestrian's module of pedestrian dummy, for configuring train attribute according to Agent model, set up the train module of train model, for according to the attribute of environment and equipment in Agent model configuration station, set up the facility environment module of station physical environment realistic model, for changing the parameter of described urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model, realize the dynamic control unit of station dynamic simulation, this dynamic control unit comprises and is used to urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model to provide in emergency circumstances, the urgent scene module of station ambient conditions, be used for configuring relevant macroscopical attribute, and provide in emergency circumstances for urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model, described station equipment is provided, pedestrian's gait of march, pedestrian position and the pedestrian's quantity macroscopical attribute configuration module on the impact of evacuation time, be used to urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model to provide in emergency circumstances, the Passenger's distribution monitoring, evacuate passenger's real-time speed and the number of evacuation Real-Time Monitoring module of situation over time, for the analysis of simulation result module that station Dynamic Simulation Results is analyzed.This system further comprises simulation demo interface, for demonstrating Dynamic Simulation Results by the mode of 2D and/or 3D.
Now each module in this embodiment is described further:
1, data acquisition module
Back ground Information and scheme information that data acquisition module builds City Rail Transit System gather, by mode identification technology and investigate the booking number of booking number for station entrance-exit, the passenger flow of getting on or off the bus, transfer number, automatic machine, artificial ticketing on the spot, directly the data such as number that enter the station of swiping the card are investigated respectively at times, grasp the traffic flow of the different time sections such as peak, Ping Feng, ebb, festivals or holidays.For data such as station structure, emergency plan, equipment state, time-tables, by the mode of investigating on the spot, obtain in addition, as the structure of urban track traffic emergency evacuation system and the Data support of experiment with computing.Finally deposit image data in database, be used to other module of urban track traffic emergency evacuation system that scheme database data is provided.
2, database module
Database module is for allocation plan and the Simulation result data of the attributes such as storage cart station equipment, passenger, time-table, environment.Passenger's attribute as speed, the volume of the flow of passengers, sex, age, go with, luggage, OD path etc.Station and environment attribute are as equipment, Train doors such as entrance, outlet, transfer passage, pillar, guardrail, stair, escalator, fire early-warning system, danger button, gate, automatic ticket-selling system, anti-detonation, ATM.Time-table has comprised each circuit train arrival moment, down time, frequency.Database module provides all basic data and knowledge bases for system, and experimental result is added up to storage.
3, facility environment module
Facility environment module is by setting up the equivalence model of each installations and facilities in station, and various kinds of equipment facility is all realized parametrization and controlled, and can in simulation process, realize the variation that dynamic control and state change to embody station passenger transportation management or scene.Wherein station equipment facility comprises: screening machine, automatic machine TVM, artificial ticket machine BOM, gate, emergency exit, stair, Escalator etc.All states of installations and facilities and control all realize dynamic control by parameter configuration.
4, pedestrian's module
Criterion and the flow process of the true passenger transportation management in station are observed in the behavior of pedestrian in AT STATION, and wherein pedestrian behavior comprises: move destination, routing, queue up, wait, safety check, by gate, use artificial ticketing (BOM), use automatic ticketing (TVM), by staircase and stair, get on the bus, be detained, get off, evacuate.Passenger parameters comprise passenger at times arrival rate, passenger each entrance partition density ratio, passenger's desired speed (speed that wish reaches in accessible situation), passenger space take at times, each road of passenger used BOM machine ratio, passenger to use TVM machine ratio, passenger's platform selection percentage (circuit/up-downgoing) etc. through selection ratio, passenger.
5, train module
Train model equivalence has embodied the basic act of train in AT STATION, and, train leaving from station comprising train arrival, train is by visitor, the clear people of train etc. under visitor, train on, train.The equal capable of dynamic of parameter of train model is configured to realize dynamic control and the change to station train in simulation process.Train configurable parameter comprises: arrival timetable, train status (normal/by), train get off at times number, the train of load factor, train that arrive at a station at times effectively stepped on the car time etc.
6, urgent scene module
This module is mainly evacuation emulation model corresponding urgent incident scene is provided, this module controllable variable comprise blast lethal radius, pedestrian's POD, pedestrian export recently pathfinding, pedestrian's speed change curves, stand in number change curve, body count, number of evacuation statistics, evacuation beginning and end time, evacuation duration etc.
7, macroscopical attribute configuration module
This module is mainly used in preparing corresponding station equipment state, pedestrian density, the number that enters the station and the evacuation start time in emergency circumstances, and analyzes described station equipment, pedestrian's gait of march, pedestrian position and the impact of pedestrian's quantity on evacuation time.
8, Real-Time Monitoring module
This module is mainly used in the distribution to station passenger in real time, and evacuation passenger's the speed of having a try and number of evacuation over time situation are monitored and analyzed.For urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model provides in real time the Passenger's distribution that monitors, evacuates passenger's real-time speed and number of evacuation situation over time
9, man-machine Switching Module
This module is used to user to demonstrate 2D and/or 3D artificial intelligence, and convenient operation personnel directly control system emulation process simultaneously.
10, analysis of simulation result and optimization module
This module, in case of emergency, is carried out analysis of simulation result to urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model, and evacuation time in simulation result and security performance is assessed, and by assessment result, can reasonably optimize station emergency evacuation.
A kind of urban track traffic optimization system course of work of the present invention: first, under regular situation, the routine datas such as station physical environment, pedestrian's attribute, train attribute gather, and are stored in database module by data acquisition module; Then, the pedestrian's module in building model and simulation unit, facility environment module and train module provide respectively corresponding data information to carry out modeling from database, and utilize station routine data to carry out emulation; Again, utilize analysis of simulation result and optimize module simulation result is carried out to optimum, and with 2D and/or 3D mode by the operating personnel that are shown to of simulation demo objective interface, operating personnel can dynamically control simulation result according to analysis optimization result; The 4th, by simulation result input database module so that transfer at any time simulation result under different situations analyze, to when optimizing; The 5th, utilize dynamic control unit to provide the relevant parameter of emergency condition debarkation stop physical environment, train attribute and pedestrian's attribute for evacuation model, and based on urban track traffic emergency evacuation model, evacuation situation is in emergency circumstances carried out to emulation, obtain average evacuation time and death toll information under different situations, to evacuating effect, assess, according to analysis and evaluation result under different dispersal plans, evacuation time, the number of evacuation bottleneck place situation over time and in evacuation process is analyzed, and dispersal plan is optimized.In the present invention, average evacuation time is that passenger plays the time of stopping while evacuating out the arrival safety area, station having an accident from the accident time.Due to the passenger Shi Yige colony being evacuated, be subject to outside environment and oneself factor affect, also to have individual difference, therefore, the present invention is the shortest in optimization aim using all passengers' average evacuation time.
The present invention adopts the thought of Agent to build urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system, according to attribute and function, whole real system is classified.The present invention is based on to act on behalf of to be controlled in design concept and have the different of essence from traditional control system; Control strategy is no longer towards algorithm, but realize based on agency; The control command that field apparatus receives from control center is no longer the parameter modification for concrete control program, but has relative independentability and intelligent agency's individuality.Except thering is certain control function, intelligent, independence and interactivity are several essential characteristics of agency, control center mainly completes by agency's transmission to on-the-spot communication, can realize real distributed intelligence and control, be applicable to very much the distributed feature of each quasi-controller of complex process system.Decision support means based on manual system in-circuit emulation platform, for many agencies of complication system, multiobject coordination optimization, in-circuit emulation and scheme generation in real time provide favourable supporting platform.In this urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system, between each Agent, connect each other, different Agent has different control and communication mode.Crowd Agent and customer service system Agent exist and are closely connected, and can guide control by broadcast, guiding sign system on human group, also can to the stream of people, control by gate.Train operation control system and personnel's part connect each other by dispatching and command system and train operator etc., interact, and realize interactive.Generally speaking, each Agent possesses the features such as independence, interactivity, study and adaptivity, interact, and interwoveness.
The present invention is based on social force model pedestrian's microvisual model is carried out to simulation modeling, and utilize Agent model that the attributes such as train, pedestrian, environment are set.For other facilities in station, comprise automatic machine, artificial ticket machine, gate, stair, elevator etc., its attribute is all set.Wherein the configuration for pedestrian's attribute is to be based upon on the basis of track traffic for passenger flow real data, for the ratio of carrying luggage number, reasonably adjust pedestrian's the speed of travel, per capita floor area, use the parameters such as efficiency of station equipment, set up on this basis the emulation of track traffic emergency evacuation.The present invention utilizes social force model successfully to reproduce the activity scene of pedestrian in AT STATION, such as self organization phenomenon, arch obstruction, population effect etc.Simulated out of the station, the booking (artificial and automatic machine) of pedestrian in station, entered/set off gate, stair, escalator, a series of actions such as change to, wait, get on or off the bus, and the variable in model can accurate Calculation.The present invention accurately builds station analogue system according to the CAD drawing of actual station indoor design planning, in analogue system, the various facilities at station has been carried out to meticulous simulation and has realized.For example: gate is divided into and enters the station and set off two types, pedestrian when by gate, delay that can be for some time; Escalator is divided into uplink and downlink; Pedestrian need to just can be entered the station by safety check; In booking, enter the station the stage, pedestrian selects artificial ticketing, automatic ticketing or the enter the station details of these services of directly swiping the card all embodies to some extent.In order to improve the accuracy of model, the structure of these scenes is all based upon on actual investigation data basis.Set up the monitoring mode at 2D and two visual angles of 3D between to the analogue system of station fine description, can be comprehensively, to pedestrian, the passage situation in station is monitored and observed accurately.
The present invention can carry out emulation to urban track traffic emergency evacuation to evacuation process comprehensively and accurately, can obtain subway station design and the significant quantization parameter index of emergency evacuation scheme.By the real-time monitoring module of artificial subway emergency evacuation system, can obtain the dynamic in real time of station Passenger's distribution, variation tendency to the state at station and passenger's quantity gets information about, the Passenger's distribution at station has not only been considered the impacts of facility on evacuation time such as stair, staircase, outlet, gate in artificial subway station emergency evacuation system, and the factors such as pedestrian's situation, station layout, station operation state are also had to the setting that can quantize.The statistical study of the present invention to track station passenger flow, finally clearly understood passenger flow mobile, distribution situation AT STATION, with this analyze in planning or the subway station evacuation process moved in bottleneck and defect, on to the basis of evacuation time and security performance assessment, some Optimizing Suggestions are proposed.The data that Metro Design personnel or operation personnel provide according to the present invention can be carried out analysis and assessment to the subway station in design, and check emergency evacuation scheme is evacuated effect, guarantees design rationality, improves the effect of scheme.
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the present invention, below in conjunction with preferred embodiments and drawings, the present invention is described further.Parts similar in accompanying drawing represent with identical Reference numeral.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that specifically described content is illustrative and nonrestrictive below, should not limit the scope of the invention with this.
The present embodiment selects station, Xuanwumen as the prototype of manual system, according to the real system data that gather, to subway station modeling.Based on social force model, the pedestrian agency in subway station is carried out to modeling, the pedestrian in model shows certain intelligent, can automatically keep suitably distance to collide avoiding between pedestrian, and the shortest travel path of Automatic-searching.For various facilities in subway station, also configure its association attributes, utilize Agent thought to carry out modeling to the different Agent that classified, built the urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system of Xuanwumen subway station.Station, Xuanwumen is a station on No. 2 lines of Beijing Metro and No. 4 lines of subway, gains the name in the Xuanwumen, city gate of having been removed by place, former station.The platform right-angled intersection of No. 2 lines and No. 4 lines, No. 2 lines are upper, and below, two line platforms are an island platform to No. 4 lines.
Relevant drawing information by network data is collected and subway station is obtained in investigation on the spot, comprising:
1, subway station architectural CAD drawing: station building structure, floor area of building;
2, subway station device distribution figure: the distribution of facilities such as gate, staircase stair, automatic machine, fire-fighting;
3, pedestrian dredges path profile: the one skilled in the art OD path of standing;
4, route map of train.
In manual system building process, emphasis is considered the environment and the facility that in drawing, pedestrian's ability to act, ride efficiency, emergency evacuation etc. are exerted an influence, analyze and build relevant content to manual system, as number and the relevant information such as position, fire-fighting evacuation facility of the structure at station and size, tunnel condition, gate out of the station, in this city example, station structure and device attribute are as shown in table 1.
Table 1 station structure and device attribute
Through on-site inspection, during holiday on May Day, station, Xuanwumen time-table correlation parameter is as shown in table 2:
Station, table 2 Xuanwumen train berthing time and departure interval
Due to various social factors, calculating for evacuation time is often difficult to verify by the mode that manoeuvre is evacuated, therefore, the present invention uses two kinds of experience evacuation time algorithms more common in emergency evacuation with artificial subway station emergency evacuation system, the analysis of evacuation time to be compared.
The emergent scene of blasting for artificial subway station emergency evacuation system platform.As shown in Figure 7, vertical direction platform is No. 2 line platforms to station structure figure, and parallel direction platform is No. 4 line platforms, and No. 4 line platforms, under No. 2 lines, are right-angled intersection.
No. 2 line has A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2 totally 8 outlets, is symmetric.No. 2 line platform has two stair to subway concourse, and has two stair to lead to No. 4 lines as transfer passage.No. 4 line has E, F, G, H totally 4 outlets, and exit passageway is longer, is distributed in respectively northwest, northeast, the southeast, four orientation, southwest.No. four line has 4 passages to lead to line No. 2, and they converge at two transfer stair places of No. 2 lines between two.No. 4 line platforms, at the bottom at whole station, only have two, north and south passage to be connected with No. 4 line north and south subway concourses.
Blast position at No. 2 line platforms, Fig. 4 line and No. 2 line intersections are explosion center, explosion site does not hinder fire escape, therefore, No. 2 lines and No. 4 line pedestrians select emergency exit nearby, No. 2 line pedestrian emergency evacuation lines of white arrow indication, No. 4 line pedestrian emergency evacuation lines of black arrow indication.
Based on urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model, test, not only to station structure equipment etc., can set, evacuate the key factors such as start time, pedestrian position and also can analyze it to evacuating the impact of result by optimization system of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 8, by two, evacuating experimental result contrasts, evacuating start time 15:33:59 compares with 15:06:21 experiment, number of evacuation increases to 1926 by 1758, evacuation time increases to 7min10s by 6min10s, not only reflected the situation of different time sections and different Passenger's distribution emergency evacuation, also can find out that evacuation time is according to the variation of number of evacuation.
By the real-time monitoring module of artificial subway emergency evacuation system, can obtain the dynamic in real time of station Passenger's distribution, the variation tendency of the state at station and passenger's quantity is got information about, the Passenger's distribution curve at station as shown in Figure 9.
In Fig. 9, normally run Passenger's distribution curve and be cyclical variation, can find out that its cycle is identical with the train departure interval, be all 5min.In emergency evacuation Passenger's distribution curve, when 20min, start to evacuate, evacuation initial stage number changes little while changing with normal operation, when moment 22min, station number starts relatively normally to run curve decline, to 27min moment station number, no longer change, for the passengers quantity of explosion time death, evacuate and finish.
In addition, by experiment with computing, can also obtain evacuating passenger's real-time speed curve, the accurate curve of speed and the concrete distribution in the stage of obstruction in the time of can observing passenger evacuation by real-time speed curve, Figure 10 has reflected the passenger's rate curve in success and failure evacuation situation.
In Figure 10, A figure rate curve when successfully evacuating passenger real, passenger enters station constantly 0, when running into ticketing spot and stair, speed declines, at 1.5mim, constantly blast and start and evacuate, after one period of reaction time, passenger starts to evacuate to nearest outlet, at 3.0min, constantly by ticketing spot, finally at 4.5min, constantly leaves station and successfully evacuates.B figure is to be dead passenger's rate curve at explosion time, compares lacked the evacuation stage after blast with A figure.As shown in table 3, in emergency circumstances evacuate process and time contrast.
The table 3 evacuation stage
In sum, use urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system accurate to the calculating to evacuation time, and can reflect trickleer factor.In addition, for the influence factors such as distribution, personnel's feature, train status of personnel in station, can reflect, can adapt to the experiment to evacuation time in multiple situation.In addition, except utilizing artificial subway station emergency evacuation system-computed evacuation time, the details that urban track traffic emergency evacuation analogue system can also be shown evacuation, comprise number of evacuation over time and evacuation process in bottleneck place.
Obviously; the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described; and be not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention; for those of ordinary skill in the field; can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description; here cannot give all embodiments exhaustive, every still row in protection scope of the present invention of apparent variation that technical scheme of the present invention extends out or change that belong to.
Claims (10)
1. a urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method, is characterized in that: the method comprises
S1, collection affect the metadata that urban track traffic is evacuated, and metadata is carried out to parametric classification storage by the type of Agent object;
S2, utilize the data of above-mentioned storage, based on Agent modeling method, build urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model;
S3, in emergency situation, in evacuation process, evacuation time and manual system attribute are analyzed, and carry out emulation based on urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model;
S4, simulation result is assessed and optimized.
2. a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described metadata comprises environmental data, device data, pedestrian's data and train data in station.
3. a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step S2, build urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model and further comprise
The attribute that utilizes the interior environment in Agent model configuration station and equipment, builds station physical environment realistic model;
Utilize Agent model configuration train attribute, set up train simulation model, described train attribute comprises train basic act and dynamic-configuration parameter AT STATION;
Utilize social force model configuration line humanized, set up pedestrian simulation model, described pedestrian's attribute comprises pedestrian behavior information and passenger parameters information.
4. a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step S3, emergency situation analysis further comprises
Configuration emergency evacuation scene properties;
Configure macroscopical attribute, described macroscopical attribute comprises station equipment state, the pedestrian density in evacuation situation, the number that enters the station and evacuates the start time, and analyzes described station equipment, pedestrian's gait of march, pedestrian position and the impact of pedestrian's quantity on evacuation time;
To station Passenger's distribution in evacuation process, evacuate passenger's real-time speed and number of evacuation over time situation analyze.
5. a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step S4 further comprises
The attribute of the factors such as the interior personnel's in configuration station distribution, personnel's feature, train status, carries out emergency evacuation experiment, obtains average evacuation time and death toll information under different situations, to evacuating effect, assesses;
Under different dispersal plans, evacuation time, the number of evacuation bottleneck place situation over time and in evacuation process is analyzed, and dispersal plan is optimized.
6. a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method further comprises by 2D and/or 3D mode carries out simulation demo to urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model.
7. a urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization system, is characterized in that: this system comprises
Data acquisition module, for environmental data, device data, pedestrian's data and train data in acquisition station;
Building model and simulation unit, for building urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model and emulation;
Dynamic control unit, realizes station dynamic simulation for changing the parameter of described urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model;
Analysis of simulation result module, for analyzing station Dynamic Simulation Results.
8. a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization system according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described building model and simulation unit comprises
Database module, for pressing the Various types of data of Agent object type classified storage data collecting module collected;
Pedestrian's module, for humanized according to social force model configuration line, sets up pedestrian dummy;
Train module, for according to Agent model configuration train attribute, sets up train model;
Facility environment module, for according to the attribute of environment and equipment in Agent model configuration station, sets up station physical environment realistic model.
9. a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization system according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described dynamic control unit comprises
Urgent scene module, is used to urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model to provide in emergency circumstances, station ambient conditions;
Macroscopic view attribute configuration module, for configuring relevant macroscopical attribute, and for urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model provides in emergency circumstances, provides described station equipment, pedestrian's gait of march, pedestrian position and the impact of pedestrian's quantity on evacuation time;
Real-Time Monitoring module, is used to urban track traffic emergency evacuation realistic model to provide in emergency circumstances, and the Passenger's distribution monitoring, evacuation passenger's real-time speed and number of evacuation be situation over time.
10. a kind of urban track traffic emergency evacuation optimization system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: this system further comprises human-computer interaction module, for demonstrating Dynamic Simulation Results by the mode of 2D and/or 3D, realize operating personnel's dynamically controlling emulation simultaneously.
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