CN103927427A - Method and system for comprehensively evaluating workplace noise - Google Patents
Method and system for comprehensively evaluating workplace noise Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for comprehensively evaluating workplace noise and belongs to the technical field of workplace noise comprehensive evaluation. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring evaluation basic data, wherein the evaluation basic data include a noise source, space position data of the surrounding environment which the noise source belongs to and sound feature data of the noise source; constructing a physical model of an actual scene according to the noise source and the space position data of the surrounding environment which the noise source belongs to; setting related calculation parameters and an evaluation judgment limiting value according to the physical model of the actual scene; performing computational analysis and comprehensive evaluation on occupational health conditions of one operation point or the whole workplace according to the set related calculation parameters; generating a workplace noise occupational health comprehensive evaluation report according to the result of the computational analysis. By accurately calculating a noise value of any operation point in the workplace, evaluation on the occupational health conditions of the noisy workplace can be achieved, occupational health management and occupational health level of enterprises is improved, and sound and efficient development of the enterprises is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive evaluation of noise of a workplace, and particularly relates to a comprehensive evaluation method and a comprehensive evaluation system of noise of the workplace.
Background
With the continuous progress of society, environmental issues are more and more emphasized by people, wherein the problem of noise pollution becomes one of the focuses of people. It not only affects the work and life of people, but also can damage health after long-time contact. Particularly, the workers in the noise environment have long time exposure to noise, high noise intensity and high occupational hazard degree. Therefore, in addition to the necessary control of noise sources, the health assessment of noisy working environments should be enhanced in order to better protect the health of the working personnel. Generally, the comprehensive evaluation of the noise of the workplace mainly comprises the following contents:
1. and (3) calculating the noise distribution of the workplace: near field and far field noise calculation is required to be carried out according to the distance between an operator and a noise source; meanwhile, various attenuations caused by noise in the propagation process need to be considered;
2. working point noise value prediction calculation: the influence of background noise of different operation points needs to be considered;
3. equivalent calculation of the noise value of the operation point: calculating the equivalent noise contact strength of the actual noise contact time of the operator at 8 h/40 h per week;
4. calculation of contact time limit for operator: calculating that the working personnel cannot exceed a specified working time limit according to the calculated equivalent sound level;
5. judging the contact noise limit value of the operator in different operation places: noise limit judgment needs to be carried out on workplaces divided into production noise workshops and non-noise workshops;
6. noise exposure occupational hazard grading evaluation of operators: the noise exposure hazard degree needs to be evaluated according to the calculated equivalent sound level, so that an important basis is provided for controlling noise hazard, carrying out quantitative management and risk evaluation;
7. judging the size of the area covered by the working sanitation limit value: the working scene of the operator is complex, the noise distribution is uneven, the area range which is higher than the working sanitation limit value and is covered by the operator needs to be accurately calculated and displayed in a simulation graph mode;
at present, for the problems, few domestic and foreign researches are carried out, some research and analysis works are only carried out, or a simple evaluation program is developed, and a scientific, systematic and effective good method is not provided in the aspect of comprehensive noise evaluation of a working place. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis method for occupational health and noise in workplaces is urgently needed, various influencing factors can be comprehensively considered, and references are provided for occupational health management and evaluation of enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and a system for comprehensively evaluating workplace noise.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a comprehensive evaluation method for noise of a workplace comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: obtaining evaluation basic data, wherein the basic data comprises noise source and environment space position data of the periphery of the noise source, and sound characteristic data of the noise source; step two: constructing a physical model of an actual scene according to the noise source and the environmental space position data of the periphery of the noise source; step three: setting related calculation parameters and evaluation judgment limit values according to a physical model of an actual scene; step four: performing calculation analysis and comprehensive evaluation on the occupational health conditions of the single operation point/the whole operation place according to the set related calculation parameters; step five: and generating a workplace noise occupational health comprehensive evaluation report according to the calculation and analysis result.
Further, the evaluation method further comprises the steps of: step six: and outputting the comprehensive evaluation result of the workplace occupational health in the form of a two-dimensional plane simulation diagram and a prediction report.
Further, in the first step, the spatial position data includes spatial positions of noise sources, obstacles and all operation points in the operation site; the sound characteristic data of the noise sources comprise octave frequency band sound power level, sound pressure level and background noise sound pressure level data of all the noise sources in the operation site; the physical model of the actual scene comprises the spatial position coordinates of a sound source, an obstacle and all operation points and the sound characteristic data of the noise source.
Furthermore, the operation point refers to the position where the operator stays, and the noise value of the operation point is predicted and calculated by using the space coordinate parameters of the operation point; calculating the noise value of the operation point according to the distance between an operator and the noise source to perform near field and far field noise calculation; while also taking into account the various attenuations caused by the noise during propagation.
Further, in step three, the setting related calculation parameters specifically include the near field and the far field of the noise, the spatial position of the operator, the noise contact time, and the property of the work place.
And further, in the fourth step, calculating, analyzing and evaluating the occupational health condition of the whole workplace, wherein the noise value of the workplace is calculated by dividing a plane to be calculated into a plurality of small areas, taking the middle point of each small place as a working point, calculating the sound pressure level of the working point by using a single working point noise value calculation method, and expressing the sound pressure level of all the working points in the scene by using the sound pressure level.
Further, the comprehensive evaluation is realized by the following ways: 1) equivalently converting the unsteady noise value of the operation place into a steady noise value: the intensity of noise contacted in actual working time of a day is equivalent to 8h equivalent sound level, and the noise contacted in special work of a non-weekly 5d working system is equivalent to 40h equivalent sound level per week; 2) professional contact limit evaluation of steady state, unsteady state and impulse noise of a workplace is carried out by utilizing the calculated equivalent sound level, and contact time limit evaluation is carried out according to the contact limit; 3) dividing the workplace into a production noise workshop and a non-noise workshop by using the calculated equivalent sound level, and evaluating the noise occupational health condition design of the workplace of the industrial enterprise; 4) carrying out classification evaluation on the occupational hazard degree of the noise workplace by using the calculated equivalent sound level; 5) outputting a simulation graph of the noise distribution condition of the operation place; 6) outputting a contour line plan and visually displaying the coverage range of the occupational health overproof area; in step five, outputting a detailed prediction report and scene information in the form of a document, wherein the prediction report comprises: each frequency A of the operation point is weighted to the sound level, the sanitary working time limit value and the occupational hazard degree; and designing the coverage range of the standard reaching condition and the occupational health exceeding area in the workplace.
The invention also provides a comprehensive evaluation system for the noise of the workplace, which comprises a basic data management module, a scene modeling module, a data processing module and a prediction report output module;
the basic data management module is used for acquiring the spatial position data of the environment to which the operation place belongs and the sound characteristic data of the noise source;
the scene modeling module is used for constructing a physical model of an actual scene according to the environment space position data of the operation place;
the data processing module is used for calculating the noise value and the noise value error of the operation point according to the physical model of the actual scene, and judging whether the noise value error reaches the set requirement limit value or not until the noise value error meets the set requirement limit value;
the prediction report output module is used for determining the occupational health working time limit value and the occupational hazard degree of the operator according to the calculated equivalent noise value of the working point; and designing the coverage range of the standard reaching condition and the occupational health exceeding area in the workplace.
Further, the basic data in the basic data management module comprises environment space position data to which the operation site belongs, noise source characteristic data and setting content of contact time of an operator;
the prediction report output module is configured to:
a. outputting 8h equivalent sound levels contacted by an operator in actual working time of a day, and 40h equivalent sound levels not contacted by special work of a 5d work system every week;
b. outputting the accumulated contact time of the operator day/week;
c. outputting the contact time limit value of the operator day/week;
e. outputting the contact noise limit values of the operators in different operation places;
f. outputting a noise occupational hazard grading evaluation result of the operating personnel;
g. outputting a contour line plan, and visually displaying the range of the noise working environment higher than the coverage of the occupational contact limit value;
h. outputting noise data of any plane area of the operation scene in a color comparison mode, and visually displaying the coverage area of the occupational health limit value set on the plane;
i. and outputting the detailed prediction report and the scene information in a document form.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the comprehensive evaluation method for the noise of the workplace, the geometric divergence of noise propagation and the influence of atmosphere, ground, obstacles and the like on noise attenuation in a propagation path can be accurately considered, so that the noise of any operation point in the workplace can be accurately predicted, and reference is provided for occupational health evaluation of the noise of the workplace; the overall distribution condition of noise in the workplace, the position of a worker working point, a patrol path and the like are visually displayed through a workplace plane simulation diagram, so that occupational health evaluation of the noisy workplace can be effectively assisted; the method is favorable for improving the occupational health evaluation management level and the technical level of the enterprise, and is favorable for promoting the health and the efficient development of the enterprise.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the data processing flow of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the job site occupational health assessment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: obtaining evaluation basic data, wherein the basic data comprises noise source and environment space position data of the periphery of the noise source, and sound characteristic data of the noise source; step two: constructing a physical model of an actual scene according to the noise source and the environmental space position data of the periphery of the noise source; step three: setting related calculation parameters and evaluation judgment limit values according to a physical model of an actual scene; step four: performing calculation analysis and comprehensive evaluation on the occupational health conditions of the single operation point/the whole operation place according to the set related calculation parameters; step five: and generating a workplace noise occupational health comprehensive evaluation report according to the calculation and analysis result.
Specifically, in the first step, the spatial position data includes spatial positions of noise sources, obstacles and all operation points in the operation place; the sound characteristic data of the noise sources comprise octave frequency band sound power level, sound pressure level and background noise sound pressure level data of all the noise sources in the operation site; the physical model of the actual scene comprises the spatial position coordinates of a sound source, an obstacle and all operation points and the sound characteristic data of the noise source.
The operation point refers to the position where an operator stays, and the noise value of the operation point is predicted and calculated by using the space coordinate parameters of the operation point; calculating the noise value of the operation point according to the distance between an operator and the noise source to perform near field and far field noise calculation; while also taking into account the various attenuations caused by the noise during propagation.
In step three, the set related calculation parameters specifically include the near field and the far field of the noise, the spatial position of the operator, the noise contact time and the property of the work place. And in the fourth step, calculating, analyzing and evaluating the occupational health condition of the whole workplace, wherein the noise value of the workplace is calculated by dividing a plane to be calculated into a plurality of small areas, taking the middle point of each small place as a working point, calculating the sound pressure level of the working point by using a single working point noise value calculation method, and expressing the sound pressure level of all working points in the scene by using the sound pressure level.
As a modification of this embodiment, the present evaluation method further includes the step six: and outputting the comprehensive evaluation result of the workplace occupational health in the form of a two-dimensional plane simulation diagram and a prediction report.
In the present embodiment, the comprehensive evaluation is achieved by: 1) equivalently converting the unsteady noise value of the operation place into a steady noise value: the intensity of noise contacted in actual working time of a day is equivalent to 8h equivalent sound level, and the noise contacted in special work of a non-weekly 5d working system is equivalent to 40h equivalent sound level per week; 2) professional contact limit evaluation of steady state, unsteady state and impulse noise of a workplace is carried out by utilizing the calculated equivalent sound level, and contact time limit evaluation is carried out according to the contact limit; 3) dividing the workplace into a production noise workshop and a non-noise workshop by using the calculated equivalent sound level, and evaluating the noise occupational health condition design of the workplace of the industrial enterprise; 4) carrying out classification evaluation on the occupational hazard degree of the noise workplace by using the calculated equivalent sound level; 5) outputting a simulation graph of the noise distribution condition of the operation place; 6) outputting a contour line plan and visually displaying the coverage range of the occupational health overproof area; in step five, outputting a detailed prediction report and scene information in the form of a document, wherein the prediction report comprises: each frequency A of the operation point is weighted to the sound level, the sanitary working time limit value and the occupational hazard degree; and designing the coverage range of the standard reaching condition and the occupational health exceeding area in the workplace.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system module composition of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the workplace noise analysis system provided by the present invention includes a basic data management module, a scene modeling module, a data processing module, and a prediction report output module; wherein,
the basic data management module is used for acquiring the spatial position data of the environment to which the operation site belongs, the sound characteristic data of the noise source and the contact time setting of the operator; the basic data management module in this embodiment is configured to manage a sound source database, including establishing the sound source database, importing basic data, and deleting, modifying, and maintaining the basic data; the basic data comprises obstacle position data, noise source position data and sound pressure level data; and the obstacle position data comprises at least geometry and spatial position related data; the noise source location data comprises at least plane and spatial location related data of the sound source; the sound pressure level data at least comprises basic data of sound source octave band sound pressure level and background sound pressure level; the contact time setting of the operator at least comprises working time data of the operator at different working points;
the scene modeling module is used for constructing a physical model of an actual scene according to the environment space position data of the operation place; the scene modeling module in this embodiment: the method is used for plane modeling of elements in a scene, which can cause sound source attenuation, and can set attributes of the scene and the attributes of the elements in the scene;
the data processing module is used for calculating the noise value and the noise value error of the operation point according to the physical model of the actual scene, and judging whether the noise value error reaches the set requirement limit value or not until the noise value error meets the set requirement limit value; the data processing module in this embodiment: under the given temperature and humidity, reading scene information, calculating the noise distribution of the scene, and transmitting the scene data and the noise distribution data to a prediction report output module and an optimization calculation module.
The prediction report output module is used for determining the occupational health condition of the operation point according to the calculated noise value of the operation point; the prediction report output module in this embodiment outputs a prediction result of noise distribution according to scene data and noise distribution data, where the prediction result includes:
a. 8h equivalent sound level contacted by an operator in actual working time of a day, and 40h equivalent sound level contacted by special work of a 5d work system not every week;
b. cumulative contact time of the operator day/week;
c. contact time limit for worker day/week;
d. the operator contacts the noise limit value at different operation places;
e. grading and evaluating noise occupational hazards of operators;
f. outputting a contour line plan, and visually displaying the range of the noise working environment higher than the coverage of the occupational contact limit value;
g. outputting noise data of any plane area of the operation scene in a color comparison mode, and visually displaying the coverage area of the occupational health limit value set on the plane;
h. and outputting the detailed prediction report and the scene information in a document form.
Fig. 3 is a system working flow chart of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the basic data management module completes the management of sound source information, the management of the spatial position parameters of the environment to which the operation site belongs, and the setting of the contact time of the operator.
The scene modeling module completes graphic modeling and attribute setting of scenes and each element, wherein when the sound source attribute is set, data can be directly read by a sound source information database.
The data processing module completes noise calculation, plane grid data calculation, space grid data calculation and isosurface data calculation, wherein the noise calculation is the core of the whole calculation and is responsible for calculating the noise influence of a certain octave frequency band of a certain sound source on a certain operation point in a specific scene, and the calculation results of the multiple sound source octave frequency bands are synthesized to obtain the final noise value of the certain operation point; calculating the noise distribution data of the plane according to the plane and the grid size specified by a user by plane grid data calculation; calculating spatial noise distribution data according to a spatial grid calculation region and a grid division mode specified by a user by spatial grid data calculation; and (4) calculating the distribution state of the noise value in the space according to the noise value given by the user by the isosurface data calculation.
The prediction report output module includes: the method has the advantages that the distribution condition of the plane noise values of the operation scene is visually displayed in a 2D color image form, equivalent curves of different noise limit values can be marked in combination with national occupational health standards, the influence range of noise of the operation site under a specific limit value can be visually displayed, and reference can be provided for occupational health evaluation of workers in the operation scene; the noise prediction document report can output a calculation report in WORD2003/2007 format, and the report content comprises: noise equivalent value of each operation point, contact time limit value, occupational hazard grade evaluation result and the like.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of data processing according to the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the data transmission relationship among the modules is as follows: the basic data management module provides sound source data, operation place parameters and related parameters of operators for scene modeling, the data processing module reads information of scenes and elements in the scenes from the graphic model and processes the information, and the processed data are output to the prediction report output module according to the requirements of the prediction report output module; and the prediction report output module calls the data processing module to calculate and analyze data when displaying, and obtains a noise occupational health comprehensive evaluation result.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of job site occupational health evaluation of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the roles of the modules in comprehensive occupational health evaluation are as follows:
scene information: namely scene modeling information;
operating point coordinates: the space position parameter of the operator;
and (3) outputting: and (4) reporting other documents such as equivalent noise values of all the operation points, contact time limit values, occupational hazard level evaluation results, contour plane diagrams and the like.
The system is displayed and output in the aspects of scene modeling, two-dimensional scenes and the like in the forms of graphs and images, and is more visual and real; the method realizes the omnibearing noise analysis of the operating points inside and around the operating scene in a point and surface combination mode; the comprehensive evaluation function of the occupational health of the workplace is realized, and effective reference can be provided for relevant technical personnel.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A comprehensive evaluation method for noise of a workplace is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining evaluation basic data, wherein the basic data comprises noise source and environment space position data of the periphery of the noise source, and sound characteristic data of the noise source;
step two: constructing a physical model of an actual scene according to the noise source and the environmental space position data of the periphery of the noise source;
step three: setting related calculation parameters and evaluation judgment limit values according to a physical model of an actual scene;
step four: performing calculation analysis and comprehensive evaluation on the occupational health conditions of the single operation point/the whole operation place according to the set related calculation parameters;
step five: and generating a workplace noise occupational health comprehensive evaluation report according to the calculation and analysis result.
2. The method for comprehensively evaluating the noise of the workplace according to claim 1, wherein: the evaluation method further comprises the steps of:
step six: and outputting the comprehensive evaluation result of the workplace occupational health in the form of a two-dimensional plane simulation diagram and a prediction report.
3. The method for comprehensively evaluating the noise of the workplace according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the spatial position data comprises spatial positions of noise sources, obstacles and all operation points in the operation place; the sound characteristic data of the noise sources comprise octave frequency band sound power level, sound pressure level and background noise sound pressure level data of all the noise sources in the operation site; the physical model of the actual scene comprises the spatial position coordinates of a sound source, an obstacle and all operation points and the sound characteristic data of the noise source.
4. The method for comprehensively evaluating workplace noise according to claim 3, characterized in that: the operation point refers to the position where an operator stays, and the noise value of the operation point is predicted and calculated by using the space coordinate parameters of the operation point; calculating the noise value of the operation point according to the distance between an operator and the noise source to perform near field and far field noise calculation; while also taking into account the various attenuations caused by the noise during propagation.
5. The method for comprehensively evaluating the noise of the workplace according to claim 1, wherein: in step three, the set related calculation parameters specifically include the near field and the far field of the noise, the spatial position of the operator, the noise contact time and the property of the work place.
6. The method for comprehensively evaluating the noise of the workplace according to claim 1, wherein: and in the fourth step, calculating, analyzing and evaluating the occupational health condition of the whole workplace, wherein the noise value of the workplace is calculated by dividing a plane to be calculated into a plurality of small areas, taking the middle point of each small place as a working point, calculating the sound pressure level of the working point by using a single working point noise value calculation method, and expressing the sound pressure level of all working points in the scene by using the sound pressure level.
7. The method for comprehensively evaluating the noise of the workplace according to claim 1, wherein: the comprehensive evaluation is realized by the following modes:
1) equivalently converting the unsteady noise value of the operation place into a steady noise value: the intensity of noise contacted in actual working time of a day is equivalent to 8h equivalent sound level, and the noise contacted in special work of a non-weekly 5d working system is equivalent to 40h equivalent sound level per week;
2) professional contact limit evaluation of steady state, unsteady state and impulse noise of a workplace is carried out by utilizing the calculated equivalent sound level, and contact time limit evaluation is carried out according to the contact limit;
3) dividing the workplace into a production noise workshop and a non-noise workshop by using the calculated equivalent sound level, and evaluating the noise occupational health condition design of the workplace of the industrial enterprise;
4) carrying out classification evaluation on the occupational hazard degree of the noise workplace by using the calculated equivalent sound level;
5) outputting a simulation graph of the noise distribution condition of the operation place;
6) outputting a contour line plan and visually displaying the coverage range of the occupational health overproof area;
in step five, outputting a detailed prediction report and scene information in the form of a document, wherein the prediction report comprises: each frequency A of the operation point is weighted to the sound level, the sanitary working time limit value and the occupational hazard degree; and designing the coverage range of the standard reaching condition and the occupational health exceeding area in the workplace.
8. A comprehensive evaluation system for noise of a workplace is characterized in that: the system comprises a basic data management module, a scene modeling module, a data processing module and a prediction report output module;
the basic data management module is used for acquiring the spatial position data of the environment to which the operation place belongs and the sound characteristic data of the noise source;
the scene modeling module is used for constructing a physical model of an actual scene according to the environment space position data of the operation place;
the data processing module is used for calculating the noise value and the noise value error of the operation point according to the physical model of the actual scene, and judging whether the noise value error reaches the set requirement limit value or not until the noise value error meets the set requirement limit value;
the prediction report output module is used for determining the occupational health working time limit value and the occupational hazard degree of the operator according to the calculated equivalent noise value of the working point; and designing the coverage range of the standard reaching condition and the occupational health exceeding area in the workplace.
9. The integrated workplace noise evaluation system according to claim 8, wherein: the basic data in the basic data management module comprises environment space position data of a working place, noise source characteristic data and setting content of contact time of an operator;
the prediction report output module is configured to:
a. outputting 8h equivalent sound levels contacted by an operator in actual working time of a day, and 40h equivalent sound levels not contacted by special work of a 5d work system every week;
b. outputting the accumulated contact time of the operator day/week;
c. outputting the contact time limit value of the operator day/week;
d. outputting the contact noise limit values of the operators in different operation places;
e. outputting a noise occupational hazard grading evaluation result of the operating personnel;
f. outputting a contour line plan, and visually displaying the range of the noise working environment higher than the coverage of the occupational contact limit value;
g. outputting noise data of any plane area of the operation scene in a color comparison mode, and visually displaying the coverage area of the occupational health limit value set on the plane;
h. and outputting the detailed prediction report and the scene information in a document form.
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| CN113254883A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-13 | 北京市化工职业病防治院(北京市职业病防治研究院) | Group noise risk degree evaluation method |
| CN114144641A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-03-04 | 日东电工株式会社 | Evaluation system, evaluation device, evaluation method, and program |
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