CN103927421B - The implementation method of three-dimensional optical system - Google Patents
The implementation method of three-dimensional optical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of implementation method of three-dimensional optical system, including：The mapping relations set up between light source and target light distribution；The normal vector and coordinate of all characteristic points of the optical system surface is obtained according to any one initial point in optical system surface to determine the initial threedimensional model of optical system；The illuminating effect of the initial threedimensional model is emulated, and step-by-step optimization is carried out to the initial threedimensional model according to photic-energy transfer control in illumination region boundary Control and illumination region according to simulation result successively, so as to obtain the final threedimensional model of optical system to realize the optimization of light distribution quality.Embodiments in accordance with the present invention can neatly design the three-dimensional free surface optical system of high compact for area source, can make full use of the energy of light source while complicated light distribution requirement is realized, this method have the advantages that simply, quick, flexible, efficient and strong applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nonimaging optics technical field in Application Optics field, more particularly to a kind of three-dimensional optical system
Implementation method.
Background technology
The advantages of due to energy-saving and environmental protection, LED illumination has been included in the emerging strategic industries of China, and extensive
Ground is using the general illumination field such as illumination, outdoor lighting and Landscape Lighting indoors.Because LED generally can be regarded as lambert's light
Source, its light emission direction is strong, illumination uniformity is poor, it is necessary to design specific optical system according to actual illumination application demand, right
The light that LED is sent is regulated and controled, and makes its light energy given illumination region of covering just, eliminates light pollution and light is wasted, real
Existing energy-conservation truly.
Currently for the light control technique of LED point light source developed it is very ripe, wherein based on energy map grids
Freeform optics design method have been obtained for being widely applied (L.Wang, K.Qian, and Y.Luo,
“Discontinuous free-form lens design for prescribed irradiance,”Applied
Optics46,3716-3723(2007)；A kind of " design method and lens of three-dimensional optical lens, " patent No.:
CN100495113C；F.R.Fournier,W.J.Cassarly,and J.P.Rolland,“Fast freeform
reflector generation using source-target maps,”Optics Express18,5295-5304
(2010)).What major part LED illumination light source was taken at present is also all LED points of the single-chip that many can be approximated to be with spot light
Not carry out luminous intensity distribution mode.However, because the luminous flux of single LEDs is smaller, it usually needs LEDs up to a hundred make the photograph of practicality
Bright lamp has, and the volume of light fixture is generally very big, and this can cause the waste of resource and cost, at the same also to light fixture dismounting and safeguard band
Carry out very big inconvenience.In addition, the appearance and size of the light fixture of each manufacturer production, power etc. are inconsistent, cause the general of light fixture
Property and interchangeability are poor.In Design of Luminaires, substituting traditional single-chip LED/light source using high-brightness LED area source can solve
Above mentioned problem.For traditional single core piece LED/light source：Its power is high, and single source is up to tens watts even hundreds of watts；Lamp
Has manufacture craft simple, cost is low；Volume compact, it is easy to accomplish miniaturization, the standardization of illuminator, while also improving lamp
Tool safeguards the convenience replaced.Therefore, the lighting source based on high-brightness LED area source necessarily turns into future semiconductor illumination light
The main flow of source development.
Spot light and area source are a relative concept in fact, show as relative to optical system autgmentability not
Together.Generally come with the centre-height h of optical system and the diameter D of light source ratio h/D approximately characterize the autgmentability of light source with
And the compactedness of light distributing system.Under normal circumstances, when h/D is much larger than 10, it can be approximately spot light by light source, otherwise should make
For area source.For high-brightness LED area source, its diameter is generally in cm magnitudes, in order to save material and cost, it usually needs will
H/D is limited to less than 3:1 situation.Now, if still being based on spot light approximately carries out luminous intensity distribution, the extension of light source can cause target
Light distribution produces larger skew, light utilization efficiency and illuminating effect all severe exacerbations, it is impossible to meet basic lighting demand.It is right
The difficult point that LED area light source carries out light regulation and control is that the every bit in light distribution curved surface can only control the Yi Tiaote that area source is sent
Determine the incident ray in direction, the exit direction for remaining incident ray for passing through the point that light source luminescent surface is sent also all is to determine
, it is impossible to regulated and controled according to given exit direction, therefore preferable luminous intensity distribution can not be realized.
Except LED area light source, for traditional light source, such as the light source such as high-pressure mercury lamp, Metal halogen lamp, Non-polarized lamp, bulb lamp,
Because the size of light source is larger, it is also difficult to realize high-quality luminous intensity distribution with the optical system of compact, therefore, it is applied to general
During illumination, it is difficult to obtain excellent illuminating effect while waste and the light pollution of light energy can be caused.
At present, for the design for the light distributing system for deviateing spot light, it is more than 5 in h/D:In the case of 1, iterative feedback method
(Y.Luo,Z.Feng,Y.Han,and H.Li,“Design of compact and smooth free-form optical
system with uniform illuminance for LED source,”Optics Express18,9055-9063
(2010)；W.Situ,Y.Han,H.Li,and Y.Luo,“Combined feedback method for designing a
free-form optical system with complicated illumination patterns for an
extended LED source,”Optics Express19,A1022-1030(2011)；H.Li,S.Chen,Y.Han,and
Y.Luo,“A fast feedback method to design easy-molding freeform optical system
with uniform illuminance and high light control efficiency,”Optics Express21,
1258-1269 (2013)) and Automatic Optimal method (R.J.Koshel.Simplex optimization method for
illumination design.Optics Letters.2005,30:649-651；F.R.Fournier,“A review of
beam shaping strategies for LED lighting,”Proc.SPIE8170,817007(2011)；K.Wang,
Y.Han,H.Li,and Y.Luo,“Overlapping-based optical freeform surface construction
For extended lighting source, " Optics Express21 (17), 19750-19761 (2013)) have preferably
Effect.Iterative feedback method is, according to the deviation between emulation light distribution and expected light distribution, to be changed with certain negative-feedback function
The default light distribution of generation amendment, and optical system is approximately redesigned based on spot light, iteration is multiple, until obtaining satisfied knot
Really.In the case that emulation light distribution and expected light distribution deviation are little, iterative feedback method is proved to be a kind of quick and effective
The design method for expansion light source.Automatic optimization method is typically first to obtain one initially based on spot light Approximate Design
Optical system model, then carries out parameterized treatment to the model of optical system and extracts optimized variable, finally re-define certain
Evaluation function and optical system model is optimized.Automatic Optimal method is limited in that, initial optical system model
The efficiency and convergence for directly influencing optimized algorithm are chosen, when optical system is compact, due to initial reduced mould
The error of type is too big so that optimized algorithm is difficult to restrain or is difficult to obtain satisfied result.
Except above two on the basis of spot light design the method that is modified or optimizes, also two kinds directly against
The design method of area source：TED (Tailored Edge-ray Design) methods and SMS (Simultaneous Multiple
Surface) method.The basic thought of TED methods is：Using Edge Ray Theorem, by control light source by optical system it
Projection line width in all directions realizes given Energy distribution afterwards.This method is currently used primarily in for tubulose or strip
The Lambertian source design symmetrical reflecting type light distribution system of two-dimension translational (such as groove profile reflector), can not still be directly extended to three-dimensional
The design of optical system, it is impossible to realize the light distribution of non-translational symmetry and rotationally symmetrical complicated shape.SMS methods are to utilize two
Individual free form surface, the conversion between realizing before two pairs of inputs, output waves.Light energy can efficiently be transferred to given by this method
Region in, but given Energy distribution can not be realized, current this method is mainly used in setting for collimater and concentrator
Meter, is still not applied to general illumination field.
In summary, many problems, and mesh are still suffered from the design aspect of the high compact optical system for area source
The preceding design method still without the compact optical system that can effectively realize given 3 D complex light distribution.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention aims to solve the problem that above-mentioned technological deficiency.
Therefore, the invention discloses a kind of implementation method of three-dimensional optical system, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1st, the mapping relations set up between light source and target light distribution；
2nd, all characteristic points of the optical system surface are obtained according to any one initial point in optical system surface
Normal vector and coordinate are to determine the initial threedimensional model of optical system；
3rd, the illuminating effect of the initial threedimensional model is emulated, and according to simulation result successively according to illumination region
Photic-energy transfer control carries out step-by-step optimization to the initial threedimensional model in boundary Control and illumination region, so as to obtain optical system
The final threedimensional model of system is to realize the optimization of light distribution quality.
The implementation method of a kind of three-dimensional optical system proposed by the present invention, it is characterised in that the step-by-step optimization includes the
One-step optimization and second step optimization.
The first step optimization includes：The border shape of default illumination region is represented using the equation containing one group of initial parameter
Shape, wherein, each group of given a kind of default light distribution with the boundary shape of initial parameter value correspondence, according to the side
Journey builds corresponding optical system model, and obtains corresponding emulation light distribution, and the value progress to the parameter of the equation is excellent
Change so that the obtained boundary shape of illumination region of area source emulation and the boundary shape of the default illumination region it is inclined
Difference is less than given threshold value, obtains the initial optimal threedimensional model of the optical system.
The second step optimization includes：The optics is represented using the radius vector on multiple preferential directions as initial parameter
The initial optimal threedimensional model of system, wherein, a kind of each group of given threedimensional model of optical system of radius vector parameter correspondence is right
The value of the radius vector parameter is optimized so as to emulate the inclined of light distribution in obtained illumination region and default light distribution
Difference is less than threshold value, obtains the final threedimensional model of the optical system.
The implementation method of a kind of three-dimensional optical system proposed by the present invention, it is characterised in that described to set up light source and target
Mapping relations between light distribution, including：
1st, it is the light source using any point O on area source as origin according to the shape and size of the area source
Light emission direction sets up spherical coordinate systemWherein θ be zenith angle,For azimuth；
2nd, according to the light distribution of the area sourceThe area source is equivalent to a light intensity for being located at O points
Distribution isSpot light；
3rd, it is origin with any point O ' in illumination region, is illumination region apart from H according to illumination region and light source
Set up polar coordinate system (ρ, γ), wherein ρ is that polar diameter, γ are polar angle, determine the boundary shape expression formula f (ρ, γ) of illumination region=
0；
If the 4, the photic-energy transfer given in the illumination region is not Illumination Distribution, Illumination Distribution E is converted into0
(ρ,γ)；
5th, size h of the optical system on any inceptive direction is given, the refractive index n of optical system material is given1And light
The refractive index n of system surrounding medium2；
6th, by spherical coordinate systemThe lighting angle of light source is divided, along weft direction by azimuthIt is divided intoAndZenith angle θ is divided into θ along warp directionj(j=1,
2 ..., N) and θj+1>θj(j=1,2 ..., N-1), wherein M >=2, N >=2 are natural number,WithRespectively give light source
Minimum and maximum azimuth, θ1And θNRespectively give the minimum and maximum zenith angle of light source；
7th, given illumination region is divided by polar coordinate system (ρ, γ), polar angle is divided into γi(i=1,2 ..., M) andAccording to the boundary curve shape f (ρ, γ)=0 of given illumination region, obtain in γi(i=1,
2 ... M) maximum polar diameter ρ on directionmaxi=f1(γi) (i=1,2 ... M)；
8th, corresponding to each azimuthAccording to the conservation of energy between light source and given illumination region under two-dimensional case
Equation：
Set up γiPolar diameter and zenith angle θ on (i=1,2 ... M) directionjMapping relations between (j=1,2 ... N)：
9th, light source luminescent angle is set upWith the three-dimensional mapping relations between illumination region coordinate (ρ, γ)：
I=1,2 ... M；J=1,2 ... N
The implementation method of a kind of three-dimensional optical system proposed by the present invention, it is characterised in that described according to optical system table
Any one initial point obtains the normal vector and coordinate of all characteristic points of the optical system surface to determine optics on face
The initial threedimensional model of system, including：
1st, each incident ray is determinedRolled over through optical system surface
Position (the ρ in given illumination region for penetrating or being reached after reflectingi,j,γi) (i=1,2 ... M；J=1,2 ... N), root
The direction of the normal vector of multiple characteristic points in optical system surface is determined according to vector refraction/reflection law；
2nd, according to the initial point in given optical system surface and normal vector direction, light is calculated using iterative method one by one
Learn the coordinate of the characteristic point of system surfaces；
3rd, according to the coordinate and normal vector of features described above point, initial the three of optical system are built using methods such as NURBS
Dimension module.
Further, the illuminating effect of the initial threedimensional model is emulated, including：Using area source as light source,
Analogue simulation is carried out to the illuminating effect of the initial threedimensional model of the optical system using Monte Carlo ray back tracking method.
The implementation method of a kind of three-dimensional optical system proposed by the present invention, it is characterised in that the first step optimization, bag
Include：The boundary shape of default illumination region is represented using the equation containing one group of parameter：Wherein
α1、α2、α3、α4For boundary shape adjusting parameter.The first step optimization is expressed as：
Wherein, the span of optimized variable is：0.5≤α1≤2、α2>0、α3>0、α4>0,
Evaluation function MF1It is defined as：
MF1=ω1·RSDshape+(1-ω1) RSD,
RSDshapeIt is to emulate illumination region boundary shape relative to the standard deviation of given illumination region boundary shape, RSD
To give the emulation Illumination Distribution E in illumination regionSE is distributed relative to object illumination0Standard deviation, 0≤ω1≤ 1 is weight
The factor, restrictive condition η >=ηTIt is to reach certain energy-saving effect and regulation photocontrol efficiency eta (is defined as falling on given photograph
The ratio for the luminous flux that luminous flux in the domain of area pellucida is sent with light source) it is more than given threshold value ηT。
The second step optimization, including：Using in multiple preferential directions
On radius vector size r 'm,lThe initial threedimensional model of optical system is represented as parameter.Initial threedimensional model existsDirection
On radius vector size be denoted as r '0m,l, the second step, which optimizes, to be expressed as：
Wherein, evaluation function MF2It is defined as：
MF2=υ1·RSD+(1-υ1) (1- η),
Definition during RSD and η optimizes with the first step is identical, 0≤υ1≤ 1 is weight factor.
A kind of implementation method of three-dimensional optical system proposed by the present invention, it is characterised in that the coordinate of the illumination region
The coordinate system of system and light source is rectangular coordinate system, cylindrical coordinate, spherical coordinate system, polar coordinate system.
The implementation method of a kind of three-dimensional optical system proposed by the present invention, it is characterised in that the area source is spot light
Array, LED area light source, high-pressure mercury lamp, Metal halogen lamp, Non-polarized lamp, one or more combinations of plasma lamp；The area source
For Single wavelength or multi wave length illuminating source；The area source is shaped as circle, rectangle, pyriform, spherical, elliposoidal；The face light
The luminous beam angle in source is more than 180 degree, equal to 180 degree or less than 180 degree；The light distribution of the area source is lambert point
Cloth, be uniformly distributed, Gaussian Profile.
The implementation method of a kind of three-dimensional optical system proposed by the present invention, it is characterised in that the given light distribution includes
Photic-energy transfer in given illumination region boundary shape and given illumination region；The boundary shape of the given illumination region includes
But it is not limited to the rectangle with default length-width ratio, circle, ellipse, polygon, cross；In the given illumination region
Photic-energy transfer includes Illumination Distribution, Luminance Distribution, one or more combinations of light distribution；In the given illumination region
Photic-energy transfer can be uniformly distributed, Gaussian shaped profile, Lorentzian type distribution.
The implementation method of a kind of three-dimensional optical system proposed by the present invention, it is characterised in that what the step-by-step optimization was used
Optimized algorithm is：Pattern search optimized algorithm or simplex optimization algorithm with boundary condition and restrictive condition.
The implementation method of a kind of three-dimensional optical system proposed by the present invention, it is characterised in that the three-dimensional optical system
Top view diagram shape is similar to the boundary shape of given illumination region；The centre-height of the optical system and the full-size of light source
The ratio between (catercorner length of the diameter length of such as sphere shape light, rectangle or square light source) is less than 3:1 or more than 3:1 or
Equal to 3:1；The three-dimensional optical system includes refractive optical system, reflective optical system and total internal reflection optical system
One or more combinations；There is a given surface or multiple given surfaces in the three-dimensional optical system；The optics
System is made up of homogenous material or multiple material.
The implementation method of three-dimensional optical system proposed by the present invention, simplifies the energy between light source and given illumination region
The solution procedure of mapping relations, a series of letters are reduced to by the solution of three-dimensional energy mapping complicated between light source and illumination region
The solution of single two-dimensional map, for the illumination region of arbitrarily complicated shape, the solutions of mapping relations all very simples, quick,
Possibility and high efficiency are provided for Automatic Optimal Design；Secondly, according in the control of illumination region boundary shape and illumination region
Photic-energy transfer controls this two step to optimize the threedimensional model of optical system successively, so as to obtain final optical system model to realize
High-quality light distribution, step-by-step optimization it is with strong points, algorithm it is more efficient.Therefore, embodiments of the invention can be flexible
Ground designs the three-dimensional free surface optical system of high compact for area source, can be with while complicated light distribution requirement is realized
The energy of light source is made full use of, the light distributing system for being effectively used for the area sources such as LED area light source, high-pressure mercury lamp, Metal halogen lamp is set
Meter, all has broad application prospects in various illumination occasions, such as road lighting, venue illumination, Landscape Lighting.
Brief description of the drawings
Aspect of the present invention and/or additional and advantage will become from the following description of the accompanying drawings of embodiments
Substantially and be readily appreciated that, wherein：
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the implementation method of the three-dimensional optical system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is another flow chart of the implementation method of the three-dimensional optical system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Three-dimensional mapping relations between light source and given illumination region are reduced to by Fig. 3 for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
A series of schematic diagram of two-dimensional maps；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the use solution by iterative method optical system surface data point of the method for the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the first step optimal way of the method for the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the second step optimal way of the method for the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 realizes that illumination within rectangular region is uniformly distributed after the first step optimizes for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Free-form surface lens model；
Fig. 8 realizes that illumination within rectangular region is uniformly distributed after the first step optimizes for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result；
Fig. 9 realizes that illumination within rectangular region is uniformly distributed after second step optimizes for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Free-form surface lens model；
Figure 10 realizes that illumination within rectangular region is uniformly distributed after second step optimizes for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result；
Figure 11 is excellent by the first step for uniform-illumination distribution in realization " ten " the font region of the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Free-form surface lens model after change；
Figure 12 is excellent by the first step for uniform-illumination distribution in realization " ten " the font region of the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result after change；
Figure 13 is excellent by second step for uniform-illumination distribution in realization " ten " the font region of the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Free-form surface lens model after change；
Figure 14 is excellent by second step for uniform-illumination distribution in realization " ten " the font region of the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result after change；
Figure 15 realizes that uniform-illumination is distributed after second step optimizes in square region for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Free-form surface lens model；
Figure 16 realizes that uniform-illumination is distributed after second step optimizes in square region for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result；
Figure 17 realizes that uniform-illumination distribution is by second step optimization in hexagonal area for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Free-form surface lens model afterwards；
Figure 18 realizes that uniform-illumination distribution is by second step optimization in hexagonal area for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result afterwards；
Figure 19 realizes that uniform-illumination distribution is by second step optimization in elliptical region for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Free-form surface lens model afterwards；
Figure 20 realizes that uniform-illumination distribution is by second step optimization in elliptical region for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result afterwards；
Figure 21 realizes that uniform-illumination is distributed after second step optimizes in border circular areas for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Free-form surface lens model；
Figure 22 realizes that uniform-illumination is distributed after second step optimizes in border circular areas for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result；
Figure 23 realizes that uniform-illumination distribution is passed through in the cross area of central hole for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Free-form surface lens model after second step optimization；
Figure 24 realizes that uniform-illumination distribution is passed through in the cross area of central hole for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result after second step optimization；
Figure 25 for the embodiment of the present invention method realize illumination within rectangular region be uniformly distributed and use pattern search calculation
Method optimizes the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes；
Figure 26 for the embodiment of the present invention method realize illumination within rectangular region be uniformly distributed and use pattern search calculation
Method optimizes the objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result after second step optimizes；
Figure 27 realizes uniform-illumination distribution and internal preset air balls in square region for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Lack the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes；
Figure 28 realizes uniform-illumination distribution and internal preset air balls in square region for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Lack the objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result after second step optimizes；
Figure 29 realizes uniform-illumination distribution and internal preset medium ball in square region for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Lack the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes；
Figure 30 realizes uniform-illumination distribution and internal preset medium ball in square region for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Lack the objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result after second step optimizes；
Figure 31 realizes in square region uniform-illumination distribution and using anti-in refraction+complete for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Penetrate the profile of the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes of form；
Figure 32 realizes in square region uniform-illumination distribution and using anti-in refraction+complete for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Penetrate the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes of form；
Figure 33 realizes in square region uniform-illumination distribution and using anti-in refraction+complete for the method for the embodiment of the present invention
Penetrate the objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result after second step optimizes of form；
Figure 34 for the embodiment of the present invention method be directed to square light source realize illumination within rectangular region be uniformly distributed through
The free-form surface lens model crossed after second step optimization；
Figure 35 for the embodiment of the present invention method be directed to square light source realize illumination within rectangular region be uniformly distributed through
The objective plane Illumination Distribution simulation result crossed after second step optimization.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
In the description of the invention, it is to be understood that term " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " on ", " under ", "front", "rear",
The orientation or position relationship of the instruction such as "left", "right", " vertical ", " level ", " top ", " bottom " " interior ", " outer " is based on accompanying drawing institutes
The orientation or position relationship shown, is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description, rather than indicate or imply signified dress
Put or element there must be specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore it is not intended that to the limit of the present invention
System.
The implementation method of three-dimensional optical system according to embodiments of the present invention is described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the implementation method of three-dimensional optical system according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in figure 1,
The implementation method of three-dimensional optical system according to an embodiment of the invention, comprises the following steps：
Step S101：The mapping relations set up between light source and target light distribution.Specifically, using given light distribution as
Default light distribution, and area source is equivalent to spot light.The emitting space of light source is divided into according to the luminous azimuth of light source
Multiple two dimensional surfaces.It is distributed according to default light distribution accordingly is divided into multiple wire with luminous azimuth identical polar angle.
According to the conservation of energy two-dimentional between corresponding light source and default light distribution in each two dimensional surface, the multiple luminous of light source is set up
Mapping relations between angle and default illumination region coordinate.
Step S102：All characteristic points of optical system surface are obtained according to any one initial point in optical system surface
Normal vector and coordinate to determine the initial threedimensional model of optical system.
Step S103：The illuminating effect of initial threedimensional model is emulated, and according to simulation result successively according to illumination
Zone boundary controls to carry out step-by-step optimization to initial threedimensional model with photic-energy transfer control in illumination region, so as to obtain optical system
The final threedimensional model of system is to realize the optimization of light distribution quality.
As specific example, with reference to Fig. 2-Figure 35, specifically describe.As shown in Fig. 2 this method first will according to design
Ask and determine initial design parameter, including the geomery and the characteristics of luminescence of light source, the size limitation of optical system and material are special
Property and given light distribution (including luminous energy numeric distribution in illumination region boundary shape and illumination region)；Then, with given light
Distribution as default light distribution, area source is equivalent to a spot light with it with identical light distribution, according to light source with
The conservation of energy between default light distribution, by the solution of the three-dimensional mapping between light source luminescent direction and default illumination region coordinate
A series of solution of two-dimensional maps along on the different polar angle directions of illumination region is simplified to, the complicated light of direct solution is avoided
Three-dimensional energy mapping between source and illumination region, for the illumination region of arbitrarily complicated shape, the solution all ten of mapping relations
Divide simple, quick, possibility and high efficiency are provided for following Automatic Optimal Designs；Secondly, give in optical system surface
Any one initial point, according to above-mentioned mapping relations, all features of optical system surface are obtained based on refraction or reflection law
The normal vector and coordinate of point, so that it is determined that the initial threedimensional model of optical system；Finally, it is used as light source pair with actual area source
The illuminating effect of the initial threedimensional model of above-mentioned optical system is emulated, according to obtained emulation light distribution and given light distribution
Between deviation, using step-by-step optimization, i.e., control this according to photic-energy transfer in the control of illumination region boundary shape and illumination region
Two steps optimize the threedimensional model of optical system successively, obtain final optical system model to realize high-quality light distribution.
Wherein, the flow of the step-by-step optimization method is：The first step optimizes, and represents default with the equation containing one group of parameter
The boundary shape of illumination region, each group of given parameter value all corresponds to a kind of default light distribution with the boundary shape,
So as to build corresponding optical system model and obtain corresponding emulation light distribution, optimize these parameter values so that face
The boundary shape for the illumination region that light source is obtained by compact three-dimensional optical system post-simulation and the border of given illumination region
The deviation of shape is less than given threshold value, and now corresponding optical system is initial optimal optical system；Second step optimizes, and is used in
A series of radius vector on preferential directions represents above-mentioned initial optimal optical system model, each group of given radius vector as parameter
A kind of threedimensional model of optical system of parameter correspondence, so that a kind of emulation light distribution of correspondence, optimizes the value of these radius vector parameters,
So that the deviation of photic-energy transfer in the obtained illumination region of emulation and given photic-energy transfer is less than threshold value, now corresponding light
System is final optical system model.
It is emphasized that the energy mapping between light source and illumination region is simplified into a series of correspondence different orientations
Half-plane in two-dimensional map the reason for be：First, the three-dimensional energy mapping between direct solution light source and illumination region
It is extremely complex, it correspond to the energy conservation equation of direct solution double integral form, is generally difficult to the method with parsing
Solved, and be relatively time-consuming with Numerical Methods Solve double integral, it is impossible to based on usually requiring thousands of circulations
In the optical system Automatic Optimal Design of calculation, simultaneously for complicated illumination region boundary shape, the solution of double integral is more
It is complicated and time-consuming, it is therefore necessary to seek simple, quick while suitable for the mapping relations method for solving of complex boundary shape；Its
It is secondary, it is contemplated that the autgmentability of area source, its light emission direction is disorderly and unsystematic, it is that can not directly set up surface source luminescence side in theory
To the mapping relations between illumination region coordinate, even setting up what preferable mapping relations were built based on spot light
The error of optical system model is also very big, therefore area source and the solution of illumination region mapping relations allow simplification；
Finally, due to which the design of initial optical system lays particular stress on the control for considering illumination region boundary shape in the present invention, therefore it can guarantee that
The simplification method for solving of the mapping relations of illumination region boundary shape is acceptable.In summary, the present invention is according to light source
The conservation of energy between default light distribution, by the way that the three-dimensional between light source luminescent direction and default illumination region coordinate is mapped
Solution be simplified to the solutions of two-dimensional maps along on the different polar angle direction of illumination region a series of, directly asked due to avoiding
The three-dimensional energy mapping between the light source and illumination region of complexity is solved, for the illumination region of arbitrarily complicated shape, mapping relations
Solution all very simples, quick, therefore be rational, with novelty.
What Fig. 3 was represented is the mapping relations set up between light source luminescent direction and illumination region coordinate.With area source (031)
On a point O be origin, be that the light emission direction of light source sets up spherical coordinate systemWherein θ be zenith angle,For azimuth；
According to the light distribution of given area sourceArea source is equivalent into a light distribution for being located at O points isSpot light；It is that illumination region sets up polar coordinate system (ρ, γ) with the point O ' in illumination region (032) for origin,
Wherein ρ is that polar diameter, γ are polar angle, determines the boundary shape expression formula f (ρ, γ)=0 of illumination region, is given in illumination region
Illumination Distribution is E0 (ρ, γ)；By spherical coordinate systemThe lighting angle of light source is divided, along weft direction by azimuth
It is divided intoAndZenith angle θ is divided into along warp direction
θj(j=1,2 ..., N) and θj+1>θj(j=1,2 ..., N-1), wherein M >=2, N >=2 are natural number,WithRespectively give
Determine the minimum and maximum azimuth of light source, θ1And θNRespectively give the minimum and maximum zenith angle of light source；By polar coordinate system (ρ,
Given illumination region γ) is divided, polar angle is divided intoIt is bent according to the border of given illumination region
Wire shaped f (ρ, γ)=0, can be obtained in γiMaximum polar diameter (033) ρ on (i=1,2 ... M) directionmaxi=f1(γi)(i
=1,2 ... M) (make γ=γ in formula f (ρ, γ)=0i, solve equation and obtain)；Corresponding to each azimuthAccording to light
Energy conservation equation between source and given illumination region under two-dimensional case：
γ can be set upiPolar diameter and zenith angle θ on (i=1,2 ... M) directionjMapping between (j=1,2 ... N) is closed
System：
By above-mentioned steps, light source luminescent angle is established by solving a series of simple two-dimensional mapsAnd photograph
Three-dimensional mapping relations between bright area coordinate (ρ, γ)：
I=1,2 ... M；J=1,2 ... N
Fig. 4 is represented at any oneIn corresponding half-plane, using solution by iterative method optical system table
The schematic diagram of face data point：According to the mapping relations having had built up
The initial point on incident ray (041) direction of any one ready-portioned angle of light source is correspond in given optical system surface
(042), by mapping relations, (041) correspond to a bit (043) in illumination region, and outgoing can be determined by (042) and (043)
The direction of light (044), according to Snell laws, initial point can be obtained by incident ray (041) and emergent ray (044)
(042) normal vector (045) at place, and then the tangent line (046) at initial point (042) place can be obtained；Consider ready-portioned adjacent
The corresponding incident ray (047) of angle, the tangent line (046) at itself and initial point (042) place meets at a bit (048), point
(048) it is a new data point in optical system surface；Ensuing each step makees the surface data newly obtained point
For a new starting point, and continue according to above-mentioned steps to solve, until obtaining all characteristic points of optical system surface.
What Fig. 5 was represented is the method for first step optimization.The border shape of illumination region (032) is given by one group of parameter adjustment
Shape f (ρ, γ)=0 is used as the boundary shape for presetting illumination region (051)：
Wherein α1、α2、α3、α4For boundary shape adjusting parameter, and 0.5≤α1≤2、α2>0、α3>0、α4>0；Work as α1=α2=
α3=α4Illumination region boundary shape is preset when=1 identical with given illumination region boundary shape, its corresponding optical system model
For (052).Each group of α1、α2、α3、α4Value all correspond to a kind of default light distribution so that correspond to it is a kind of according to Fig. 3 with
Optical system model (053) and emulate light distribution accordingly that method shown in Fig. 4 is built.The optimization problem of first step optimization
It can be expressed as：
Wherein, evaluation function MF1It is defined as：
MF1=ω1·RSDshape+(1-ω1)·RSD
RSDshapeIt is to emulate illumination region boundary shape relative to the standard deviation of given illumination region boundary shape, RSD
To give the emulation Illumination Distribution E in illumination regionSE is distributed relative to object illumination0Standard deviation, 0≤ω1≤ 1 is weight
The factor, restrictive condition η >=ηTIt is to reach certain energy-saving effect and regulation photocontrol efficiency eta is more than given threshold value ηT.For
Calculating RSDshapeWith RSD, it is necessary to set up the calculating grid of emulation Illumination Distribution：First, by the polar angle γ of illumination plane by small
To being divided into γ greatlyi' (i=1,2 ..., M1), wherein M1>=2 be natural number, γ1' andRespectively minimum and maximum polar angle,
And given light distribution region and emulation light distribution region are calculated respectively in γi' (i=1,2 ... M1) maximum polar diameter on direction
ρ′maxi(γi') and ρS′i(γi′)；Secondly, each γ of correspondencei' (i=1,2 ... M1) direction, by the polar diameter of given illumination region
It is ascending to be divided into ρ 'i,j(j=1,2 ..., N1), wherein N1>=2 be natural number, ρ 'i,1WithRespectively γiOn ' direction
Minimum and maximum polar diameter, and calculate each point (ρ ' in given illumination region respectivelyi,j,γi') (i=1,2 ... M1；J=1,2 ...
N1) place given Illumination Distribution value E0(ρ′i,j,γi') and emulation Illumination Distribution value ES(ρ′i,j,γi′).Illumination Distribution border shape
Shape relative standard deviation RSDshapeIt can be calculated as the following formula：
Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation RSD can be calculated as the following formula：
Optimize by the first step and obtain initial optimal optical system.
What Fig. 6 was represented is the method for second step optimization.Optimized by the first step, we have obtained initial optimal optical system
A series of system model (061), used in preferential directionsOn radius vector (062)
Size r 'M, lAbove-mentioned initial optimal optical system model, a kind of each group of given light of radius vector parameter correspondence are represented as parameter
The threedimensional model of system, so that a kind of emulation light distribution of correspondence.Initial optimal optical system model existsOn direction
Radius vector size is denoted as r '0m,l, second step optimization optimization problem can be expressed as：
Wherein, evaluation function MF2It is defined as：
MF2=υ1·RSD+(1-υ1)·(1-η)
Definition during RSD and η optimizes with the above-mentioned first step is identical, 0≤υ1≤ 1 is weight factor.Optimize by second step
Obtain final optical system.
Several specific embodiments of the detailed description below present invention.In all embodiments unless otherwise noted, use
Light source is diameter D=10mm plate-like lambert's area source, and light source luminescent solid angle is that 2 π, luminous flux are 10000lm, illumination region
Distance with light source is H=10m, and the centre-height of lens is h=25mm, and the refractive index of lens is n1=1.59, the folding of air
Rate is penetrated for n2=1, the parameter value scope in optimization process is respectively 0.5≤α1≤2、α2=α3=α4=0,0.9r '0m,l≤
r′m,l≤1.1r′0m,l(l=1,2 ... Nl；M=1,2 ... Nm), the setting of other specification is as follows:
【Embodiment 1】
Embodiment 1 is the design for the free-form surface lens that uniform illuminance is realized in 20m × 40m rectangular area,
Optimization process uses simplex optimization algorithm, the α after the first step optimizes1=0.83, α2=α3=α4=0.
What Fig. 7 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after the first step optimizes.Fig. 7 (a) is that free-form surface lens exist
The projection of x-y plane, Fig. 7 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in y-z plane.
What Fig. 8 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after the first step optimizes.Fig. 8 (a) is illumination point
The plan of cloth, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Fig. 8 (b) is on the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency (ratio of luminous flux in the given illumination region luminous flux total with light source) is
73.5%, Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 8.7%.
What Fig. 9 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes.Fig. 9 (a) is that free-form surface lens exist
The projection of x-y plane, Fig. 9 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in y-z plane.
What Figure 10 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 10 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 10 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 72.7%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 5.7%.
Comparison diagram 7 (a), 8 (a) and Fig. 9 (a), 10 (a) are as can be seen that lens are in the projection of x-y plane and illumination point respectively
The shape of cloth is similar.
【Embodiment 2】
Embodiment 2 is to realize uniform shine in the intersecting cross region formed in two 20m × 40m rectangular area
The design of the free-form surface lens of distribution is spent, optimization process uses simplex optimization algorithm, the α after the first step optimizes1=
0.91、α2=α3=α4=0.
What Figure 11 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after the first step optimizes.Figure 11 (a) is free-form surface lens
In the projection of x-y plane, Figure 11 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in y-z plane.
What Figure 12 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after the first step optimizes.Figure 12 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 12 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 74.3%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 7.2%.
What Figure 13 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes.Figure 13 (a) is free-form surface lens
In the projection of x-y plane, Figure 13 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in y-z plane.
What Figure 14 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 14 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 14 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 77.7%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 6.1%.
Comparison diagram 11 (a), 12 (a) and Figure 13 (a), 14 (a) are as can be seen that projection and photograph of the lens in x-y plane respectively
The shape for spending distribution is similar.
【Embodiment 3】
Embodiment 3 is the design for the free-form surface lens that uniform illuminance is realized in 30m × 30m square region,
Optimization process uses simplex optimization algorithm, the α after the first step optimizes1=0.94, α2=α3=α4=0.
What Figure 15 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes.Figure 15 (a) is free-form surface lens
In the projection of x-y plane, Figure 15 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in y-z plane.
What Figure 16 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 16 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 16 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 80.7%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 5.5%.
Comparison diagram 15 (a) and 16 (a) are as can be seen that lens are similar in the projection of x-y plane and the shape of Illumination Distribution.
【Embodiment 4】
Embodiment 4 is to realize that the free-form surface lens of uniform illuminance are set in 15m hexagonal area in the length of side
Meter, optimization process uses simplex optimization algorithm, the α after the first step optimizes1=0.91, α2=α3=α4=0.
What Figure 17 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes.Figure 17 (a) is free-form surface lens
In the projection of x-y plane, Figure 17 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in y-z plane.
What Figure 18 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 18 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 18 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 78.0%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 6.9%.
Comparison diagram 17 (a) and 18 (a) are as can be seen that lens are similar in the projection of x-y plane and the shape of Illumination Distribution.
【Embodiment 5】
It in major axis is that 40m, short axle are uniform illuminance is realized in 30m elliptical region freely bent that embodiment 5, which is,
The design of face lens, optimization process uses simplex optimization algorithm, the α after the first step optimizes1=0.95, α2=α3=α4=
0。
What Figure 19 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes.Figure 19 (a) is free-form surface lens
In the projection of x-y plane, Figure 19 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in y-z plane.
What Figure 20 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 20 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 20 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 82.5%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 4.7%.
Comparison diagram 19 (a) and 20 (a) are as can be seen that lens are similar in the projection of x-y plane and the shape of Illumination Distribution.
【Embodiment 6】
Embodiment 6 is the design for the free-form surface lens that uniform illuminance is realized in the border circular areas that radius is 15m,
Optimization process uses simplex optimization algorithm, the α after the first step optimizes1=0.97, α2=α3=α4=0.
What Figure 21 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes.Figure 21 (a) is free-form surface lens
In the projection of x-y plane, Figure 21 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in y-z plane.
What Figure 22 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 22 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 22 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 82.4%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 5.0%.
Comparison diagram 21 (a) and 22 (a) are as can be seen that lens are similar in the projection of x-y plane and the shape of Illumination Distribution.
【Embodiment 7】
Embodiment 7 is that the free-form surface lens for realizing in the cross region of central hole uniform illuminance are set
Meter, the radius of circular hole is 5m, and the cross rectangle intersection by two 20m × 40m is formed, and optimization process uses simplex optimization
Algorithm, after the first step optimizes, the optimal correction parameter of outline is α1=0.91, α2=α3=α4=0, Internal periphery is most
Excellent adjusting parameter is α1=0.71, α2=α3=α4=0.
What Figure 23 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes.Figure 23 (a) is free-form surface lens
In the projection of x-y plane, Figure 23 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in y-z plane.
What Figure 24 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 24 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 24 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 71.0%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 7.1%.
【Embodiment 8】
Embodiment 8 is the design for the free-form surface lens that uniform illuminance is realized in 20m × 40m rectangular area,
Optimization process uses pattern search algorithm, the α after the first step optimizes1=0.83, α2=α3=α4=0.
What Figure 25 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes.Figure 25 (a) is free-form surface lens
In the projection of x-y plane, Figure 25 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in y-z plane.
What Figure 26 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 26 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 26 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 74.1%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 8.5%.
Comparison diagram 25 (a), 26 (a) are as can be seen that lens are similar in the projection of x-y plane and the shape of Illumination Distribution.
【Embodiment 9】
Embodiment 9 be realized in 30m × 30m square region uniform illuminance and internal preset air segment from
By the design of toroidal lens, optimization process uses simplex optimization algorithm, the α after the first step optimizes1=0.97, α2=α3=
α4=0.
What Figure 27 was represented is profile of the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes in x-z-plane, internal
A default air segment (2701), the radius of air segment is 22.5mm, and sphere centre coordinate is (0,0, -7.5mm) inner lens surfaces
(2701) centre-height is 15mm, and the centre-height of lens outer surface (2702) is 25mm, and the refractive index of lens is 1.59.
What Figure 28 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 28 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 28 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 84.5%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 4.1%.
【Embodiment 10】
Embodiment 10 is that uniform illuminance and internal preset medium segment are realized in 30m × 30m square region
The design of free-form surface lens, optimization process uses simplex optimization algorithm, the α after the first step optimizes1=0.97, α2=α3
=α4=0.
What Figure 29 was represented is profile of the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes in x-z-plane, internal
A default medium segment (2901), the radius of medium segment is 22.5mm, and sphere centre coordinate is (0,0, -7.5mm), the refraction of medium
Rate is 1.56, and the centre-height of inner lens surfaces (2901) is 15mm, and the centre-height of lens outer surface (2902) is 25mm, thoroughly
The refractive index of mirror (2902) is 1.49.
What Figure 30 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 30 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 30 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 80.0%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 5.0%.
【Embodiment 11】
Embodiment 11 is to realize that the refraction of uniform illuminance+total internal reflection type is free in 20m × 20m rectangular area
The design of toroidal lens, the α after the first step optimizes1=0.94, α2=α3=α4=0.
What Figure 31 was represented is free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes in the profile of x-z-plane, lens
Inside is air, and the centre-height of lens centre refraction type luminous intensity distribution part (3101) is 12.0mm, corresponding light source luminescent angle
Scope is 0-60 °；Lens outer surface (3102) is plane, is highly 30.0mm；Lens profile presets surface (3103) for cylinder,
Just with the edge junction of (3101), the lighting angle of corresponding light source is 60 ° -90 °；Lens profile total internal reflection luminous intensity distribution part
(3104) base coincident on base and (3103).
What Figure 32 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes.Figure 32 (a) is free-form surface lens
In the projection of y-z plane, Figure 32 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in x-y plane.
What Figure 33 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 33 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 33 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 82.4%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 8.4%.
【Embodiment 12】
Embodiment 12 is the design for the free-form surface lens that uniform illuminance is realized in 20m × 40m rectangular area,
Light source is 10mm × 10mm square LED Lambertian sources, the α after the first step optimizes1=0.85, α2=α3=α4=0.
What Figure 34 was represented is the free-form surface lens model after second step optimizes.Figure 34 (a) is free-form surface lens
In the projection of x-y plane, Figure 34 (b) is projection of the free-form surface lens in y-z plane.
What Figure 35 was represented is the Illumination Distribution result on objective plane after second step optimizes.Figure 35 (a) is illumination
The plan of distribution, the contour line of given illumination region is shown with black surround.Figure 35 (b) is the horizontal and vertical center line of objective plane
On Illumination Distribution line chart.Photocontrol efficiency is 73.0%, and Illumination Distribution relative standard deviation is 6.0%.
Comparison diagram 34 (a) and 35 (a) are as can be seen that lens are similar in the projection of x-y plane and the shape of Illumination Distribution.
Example shows that the present invention can neatly design the three-dimensional free surface optical system of high compact for area source
System, can make full use of the energy of light source while complicated light distribution requirement is realized, method is simple, quick, flexibly, efficiently and
Strong applicability, is effectively used for including various forms of area sources such as LED area light source, high-pressure mercury lamp, Halogen lamp LED, Metal halogen lamp
The design of light distributing system, has before wide application in various illumination occasions, such as road lighting, venue illumination, Landscape Lighting
Scape.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means to combine specific features, structure, material or the spy that the embodiment or example are described
Point is contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example.In this manual, to the schematic representation of the term not
Necessarily refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, specific features, structure, material or the feature of description can be any
One or more embodiments or example in combine in an appropriate manner.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of changes, modification can be carried out to these embodiments, replace without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is by appended claims and its equivalent limits.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of implementation method of three-dimensional optical system, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The mapping relations set up between light source and target light distribution；
The normal arrow of all characteristic points of the optical system surface is obtained according to any one initial point in optical system surface
Measure with coordinate to determine the initial threedimensional model of optical system；
The illuminating effect of the initial threedimensional model is emulated, and controlled successively according to illumination region border according to simulation result
Photic-energy transfer control carries out step-by-step optimization to the initial threedimensional model in system and illumination region, so as to obtain optical system most
Whole threedimensional model to realize the optimization of light distribution quality, wherein, the step-by-step optimization include the first step optimization and second step optimization：
The first step optimization includes：The boundary shape of default illumination region is represented using the equation containing one group of initial parameter, wherein,
Each group of given a kind of default light distribution with the boundary shape of initial parameter value correspondence, according to equation structure pair
The optical system model answered, and corresponding emulation light distribution is obtained, the value to the parameter of the equation is optimized so that face
The deviation of the boundary shape for the illumination region that light source simulation is obtained and the boundary shape of the default illumination region is less than given threshold
Value, obtains the initial optimal threedimensional model of the optical system；The second step optimization includes：Using on multiple preferential directions
Radius vector the initial optimal threedimensional model of the optical system is represented as initial parameter, wherein, each group of given radius vector ginseng
A kind of threedimensional model of optical system of number correspondence, the value to the radius vector parameter is optimized so as to emulate obtained lighting area
The deviation of light distribution and default light distribution in domain is less than threshold value, obtains the final threedimensional model of the optical system.
2. the implementation method of three-dimensional optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described to set up light source and target
Mapping relations between light distribution, including：
It is the luminous side of the light source using any point O on area source as origin according to the shape and size of the area source
To setting up spherical coordinate systemWherein θ be zenith angle,For azimuth；
According to the light distribution of the area sourceThe area source is equivalent into a light distribution for being located at O points isSpot light；
According to illumination region and light source apart from H, it is origin with any point O ' in illumination region, is that illumination region sets up pole
Coordinate system (ρ, γ), wherein ρ is that polar diameter, γ are polar angle, determines the boundary shape expression formula f (ρ, γ)=0 of illumination region；
If the photic-energy transfer given in the illumination region is not Illumination Distribution, Illumination Distribution E is converted into0(ρ,γ)；
Given size h of the optical system on any inceptive direction, gives the refractive index n of optical system material1With optical system week
Enclose the refractive index n of medium2；
By spherical coordinate systemThe lighting angle of light source is divided, along weft direction by azimuthIt is divided intoAndZenith angle θ is divided into θ along warp directionj(j=1,
2 ..., N) and θj+1>θj(j=1,2 ..., N-1), wherein M >=2, N >=2 are natural number,WithRespectively give light source
Minimum and maximum azimuth, θ1And θNRespectively give the minimum and maximum zenith angle of light source；
Given illumination region is divided by polar coordinate system (ρ, γ), polar angle is divided into γi(i=1,2 ..., M) andAccording to the boundary curve shape f (ρ, γ)=0 of given illumination region, obtain in γi(i=1,
2 ... M) maximum polar diameter ρ on directionmaxi=f1(γi) (i=1,2 ... M)；
Corresponding to each azimuthAccording to the energy conservation equation between light source and given illumination region under two-dimensional case：
Set up γiPolar diameter and zenith angle θ on (i=1,2 ... M) directionjMapping relations between (j=1,2 ... N)：
Set up light source luminescent angleWith the three-dimensional mapping relations between illumination region coordinate (ρ, γ)：
3. the implementation method of three-dimensional optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described according to optical system table
Any one initial point obtains the normal vector and coordinate of all characteristic points of the optical system surface to determine optics on face
The initial threedimensional model of system, including：
Each incident ray is determinedThrough optical system surface refraction or anti-
Penetrate the rear position (ρ in given illumination region to be reachedi,j,γi) (i=1,2 ... M；J=1,2 ... N), according to vector
Refraction/reflection law determines the direction of the normal vector of multiple characteristic points in optical system surface；
According to the initial point in given optical system surface and normal vector direction, using iterative method calculating optical system one by one
The coordinate of the characteristic point on surface；
According to the coordinate and normal vector of features described above point, the initial threedimensional model of optical system is built using methods such as NURBS；
The illuminating effect of the initial threedimensional model is emulated, including：
Using area source as light source, the illumination using Monte Carlo ray back tracking method to the initial threedimensional model of the optical system
Effect carries out analogue simulation.
4. the implementation method of three-dimensional optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first step optimization, bag
Include：The boundary shape of default illumination region is represented using the equation containing one group of parameter：f(α1ρα3,α2γ α 4)=0, wherein α1、
α2、α3、α4For boundary shape adjusting parameter；The first step optimization is expressed as：
Wherein, the span of optimized variable is：0.5≤α1≤2、α2>0、α3>0、α4>0,
Evaluation function MF1It is defined as：
MF1=ω1·RSDshape+(1-ω1) RSD,
RSDshapeFor emulation illumination region boundary shape relative to given illumination region boundary shape standard deviation, RSD be to
Determine the emulation Illumination Distribution E in illumination regionSE is distributed relative to object illumination0Standard deviation, 0≤ω1≤ 1 be weight because
Son；Restrictive condition η >=ηTIt is to reach certain energy-saving effect and regulation photocontrol efficiency eta (is defined as falling on given illumination
The ratio for the luminous flux that luminous flux in region is sent with light source) it is more than given threshold value ηT；
The second step optimization, including：Using in multiple preferential directionsOn
Radius vector size r 'm,lThe initial threedimensional model of optical system is represented as parameter；Initial threedimensional model existsOn direction
Radius vector size be denoted as r '0m,l, the second step, which optimizes, to be expressed as：
Wherein, evaluation function MF2It is defined as：
MF2=υ1·RSD+(1-υ1) (1- η),
Definition during RSD and η optimizes with the first step is identical, 0≤υ1≤ 1 is weight factor.
5. the implementation method of three-dimensional optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the coordinate of the illumination region
The coordinate system of system and light source is rectangular coordinate system, cylindrical coordinate, spherical coordinate system, polar coordinate system.
6. the implementation method of three-dimensional optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the area source is spot light
Array, LED area light source, high-pressure mercury lamp, Metal halogen lamp, Non-polarized lamp, one or more combinations of plasma lamp；The area source
For Single wavelength or multi wave length illuminating source；The area source is shaped as circle, rectangle, pyriform, spherical, elliposoidal；The face light
The luminous beam angle in source is more than 180 degree, equal to 180 degree or less than 180 degree；The light distribution of the area source is lambert point
Cloth, be uniformly distributed, Gaussian Profile.
7. the implementation method of three-dimensional optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that given light distribution includes given
Photic-energy transfer in illumination region boundary shape and given illumination region；The boundary shape of the given illumination region includes having
The rectangle of default length-width ratio, circle, ellipse, polygon, cross；Photic-energy transfer in the given illumination region includes
Illumination Distribution, Luminance Distribution, one or more combinations of light distribution；Photic-energy transfer in the given illumination region is equal
Even distribution, Gaussian shaped profile, Lorentzian type distribution.
8. the implementation method of three-dimensional optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that what the step-by-step optimization was used
Optimized algorithm is：Pattern search optimized algorithm or simplex optimization algorithm with boundary condition and restrictive condition.
9. the implementation method of the three-dimensional optical system according to claim any one of 1-8, it is characterised in that the three-dimensional light
The top view diagram shape of system is similar to the boundary shape of given illumination region；The centre-height of the optical system and light source
The ratio between full-size is less than 3:1 or more than 3:1 or equal to 3:1；The three-dimensional optical system include refractive optical system,
One or more combinations of reflective optical system and total internal reflection optical system；The three-dimensional optical system is given in the presence of one
Fixed surface or multiple given surfaces；The optical system is made up of homogenous material or multiple material.
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| CN109583060B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2023-08-08 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Lighting design method for electrical three-dimensional system |
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| CN111695169B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2023-10-31 | 节律照明科技(中山)有限公司 | Lamp optical design method and system based on solid-state light source |
| CN112503434B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江光锥科技有限公司 | Method for generating lens structure capable of freely distributing light within 48 degrees and lens structure |
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