CN103924139B - A kind of high-strength aluminum copper alloy wheel material and liquid forging forming method - Google Patents
A kind of high-strength aluminum copper alloy wheel material and liquid forging forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103924139B CN103924139B CN201410171279.XA CN201410171279A CN103924139B CN 103924139 B CN103924139 B CN 103924139B CN 201410171279 A CN201410171279 A CN 201410171279A CN 103924139 B CN103924139 B CN 103924139B
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- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high-strength aluminum copper alloy wheel material and liquid forging forming method, the weight percentage ranges of its component and each component is respectively: Cu:4.5-5.5%; Mn:0.3-0.5%; Ti:0.15-0.35%; V:0.05-0.3%; Zr:0.05-0.2%; B:0.005-0.06%; Cd:0.01-0.3%; Nd:0.01-0.2%; Er:0.01-0.1%; Surplus is Al.The liquid forging aluminum-copper alloy wheel comprehensive mechanical property that the present invention manufactures is good, and conforming product rate is high, and made wheel is dissected tensile strength and is greater than 400MPa, and yield strength is greater than 300MPa, and unit elongation is greater than 10%, meets the technical requirements of heavy-load automobile; Especially in this alloy formula, add a small amount of rare earth element er, make aluminum copper alloy material tissue obtain further refinement, product over-all properties obviously promotes; Meanwhile, due to adding of rare earth element nd and grain refining element Ti, Zr, B, effectively prevent decrepitation when aluminum-copper alloy solidifies, the shaping qualification rate of wheel liquid forging is significantly promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to automotive wheel material and manufacture field, relate to the technology of preparing of aluminum-copper alloy wheel, especially a kind of high-strength aluminum copper alloy wheel material and liquid forging forming method.
Background technology
Aluminum-alloy wheel have lightweight, rotator inertia is little, the advantage of rapid heat dissipation, to vehicle energy saving, reduce exhaust emissions, reduce tyre break accident, improve vehicle safety etc. there is good action, be used widely at Car Industry.But the load-carrying of the heavy-load automobile such as truck, passenger vehicle is large, security requirement is high, and conventional cast aluminum-alloy wheel is difficult to meet service requirements.The commercial heavy-load automobile of the developed countries and regions such as current America and Europe generally adopts forging and stamping aluminum-alloy wheel, its share of market more than 40%, and market potential is huge; And Chinese heavy-load automobile is also at use steel wheel, aluminum-alloy wheel field or blank.
Reflectal wheel has the advantages such as dense structure's degree is high, good mechanical performance, can meet the service requirements of heavy-load automobile wheel; But there is the deficiencies such as manufacturing cost is high, material use efficiency is low, production efficiency is low, the universal use of restriction reflectal wheel in heavy-load automobile field.Liquid forging wheel has the advantages such as easy-formation, dense structure's degree is high, mechanical property is high, production efficiency is high, material use efficiency is high, production cost is low, can make up the deficiency of conventional cast aluminum-alloy wheel and forging wheel, have wide market development prospect.But conventional aluminum alloys liquid forging wheel does not also reach solid-state forging wheel performance level, can not meet heavy-load automobile performance requriements comprehensively.
High-strength casting Al-Cu alloy is the cast aluminium alloy series that performance is the highest, and its tensile strength can reach more than 450MPa, meets or exceeds 6061 reflectal performance levels.But high-strength casting Al-Cu alloy has the weakness such as plasticity difference, hot cracking tendency is large, casting fluidity is poor, be in most cases limited to sand mold casting part and use.
By retrieval, find product and the preparation technology of aluminum-copper alloy, but do not find that die forging and even liquid forging make wheel product patent document.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of special high-strength aluminum copper alloy material and heavy-load automobile wheel liquid forging forming method are provided, dense structure's degree is high, technical process is short, yield rate is high, cost is low, production efficiency advantages of higher to adopt the wheel of this proprietary alloy formula and the production of liquid forging technology to have, made wheel is dissected tensile strength and is greater than 400MPa, yield strength is greater than 300MPa, unit elongation is greater than 10%, meets the technical requirements of heavy-load automobile.
The present invention solves its technical problem and takes following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of high-strength aluminum copper alloy wheel material, the weight percentage ranges of its component and each component is respectively:
Cu:4.5-5.5%; Mn:0.3-0.5%; Ti:0.15-0.35%; V:0.05-0.3%; Zr:0.05-0.2%; B:0.005-0.06%; Cd:0.01-0.3%; Nd:0.01-0.2%; Er:0.01-0.1%; Surplus is Al.
Adopt above-mentioned aluminum-copper alloy wheel material to prepare a liquid forging forming method for heavy-load automobile aluminum-copper alloy wheel, processing step is:
(1) prepare aluminum copper alloy material, prepare special aluminum copper alloy material according to the weight proportion of above-mentioned each component;
(2) aluminum-copper alloy melting, is melted to 700-740 DEG C by above-mentioned aluminum-copper alloy;
(3) quantitative liquid getting: after refining treatment, temperature is adjusted to 690-730 DEG C, quantitative liquid getting spoon is adopted to carry out turning liquid, this quantitative liquid getting spoon top is shaped with the spout of a restriction dosing weight to realize quantitative liquid getting, quantitative pouring gets the prior art that liquid spoon is metallurgy industry, and its structure no longer provides;
(4) filter: be poured in chute funnel with the quantitative molten aluminium alloy that temperature is 690-730 DEG C by quantitative liquid getting spoon, be poured in mould after funnel filtration;
(5) liquid forging, be separately fixed at by the upper and lower mould of liquid forging aluminum-copper alloy wheel die on the upper and lower mould bases of liquid forging equipment, be poured in the mould of 280-380 DEG C by aluminum bronze liquid after filtering, then type is filled in the descending pressurization of punch; Pressing speed is 1-20mm/s, and specific pressure is 100-200MPa, and after dwell time 60-200s, depanning cooling, obtains aluminum-copper alloy wheel blanks, carry out drill centers process to aluminum-copper alloy wheel blanks;
(6) solution treatment, solid solution treatment process is send through turning the aluminum-copper alloy wheel after centre hole process into solid solution furnace, 538 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 16-20 hour, 60-80 DEG C of water-cooled;
(7) ageing strengthening, the aluminum-copper alloy wheel completing solution treatment is sent into aging oven and carries out ageing strengthening process, ageing strengthening technique is 160-180 DEG C, is incubated after 4-6 hour, naturally cooling of coming out of the stove;
(8) mechanical workout, after adopting single-purpose machine to carry out surfaces externally and internally mechanical workout, brill air holes, bolt hole successively, obtains the commercial wheel surface structure of size qualification;
(9) surface treatment, carries out surface treatment to wheel, checks after completing surface treatment, obtains qualified heavy-load automobile aluminum-copper alloy wheel.
And, described step (5) in, when using the mould of liquid forging, first flame being carried out to this mould and being heated to more than 200 DEG C, then at die surface even application one deck oiliness graphite paint.
And, described step (5) in, before cast aluminum molten alloyed copper, ensure that upper and lower mould has positive thermograde from bottom to top, i.e. a core wheel position 280-320 DEG C, outer rim position 310-340 DEG C, wheel rim position 330-360 DEG C, upper wheel rim position 350-380 DEG C.
And, described step (9) in, process of surface treatment step is followed successively by: washing-alkali cleaning-washing-washing-pickling-washing-washing-passivation-washing-washing-oven dry.
Advantage of the present invention and positively effect are:
1, the present invention utilizes special aluminum-copper alloy formula, conventional aluminum copper alloy basis adds microalloy Refining Elements Ti, Zr, B and rare earth element nd, Er, significantly improve the processing performance of material, overcome the problem of aluminum-copper alloy poor fluidity, casting hot tearing, liquid forging molding difficulty, make liquid forge wheel good article rate and increase substantially.
2, the present invention adopts liquid forging moulding process to manufacture high-strength aluminum copper alloy wheel, overcome the weakness that Conventional gravity is cast or low-pressure casting aluminum-copper alloy wheel dense structure degree is low, rarefaction defect is many, make aluminum-copper alloy liquation under high pressure solidification and crystallization, prepared wheel dense structure degree be high, fine microstructures evenly, wheel product mechanical property and fatigue property significantly promote; Wheel tensile strength is greater than 400MPa, and yield strength is greater than 300MPa, and unit elongation is greater than 10%, exceedes forging wheel mechanics performance level.
3, the wheel that the present invention adopts liquid forging moulding process to produce meets the service requirements of heavy-load automobile, than common steel wheel loss of weight more than 60%, substitute steel wheel product, obviously can reduce oil consumption, reduce tail gas pollution, improve wheel to the heat-sinking capability of tire, reduce the generation of the serious accidents such as the tyre break produced due to tire temperature rise in vehicle high-speed operational process, provide reliable guarantee for vehicle safety runs.
4, instant invention overcomes the shortcoming that existing solid-state forging molding process is complicated, the cycle is long, yield rate is low, production efficiency is low, production cost is high, significantly reduce production cost, make the widespread use on heavy-load automobile of aluminum-copper alloy wheel become possibility.
5, the liquid forging aluminum-copper alloy wheel of manufacture of the present invention can substitute reflectal wheel, meet high-grade passenger car and large, minibus to the requirement of aluminum-copper alloy wheel to major diameter, lightweight, high strength development, improve the comfort level in vehicle traveling process.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, and following examples are descriptive, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
Embodiment 1:
The shaping special aluminum copper alloy material of a kind of heavy-load automobile aluminum-copper alloy wheel liquid forging, the weight percent of its component and each component is respectively:
Cu:4.5%, Mn:0.32%, Ti:0.15%, V:0.06%, Zr:0.05%, B:0.01%, Cd:0.01%, Nd:0.02%, Er:0.01%, all the other are Al.
A kind of heavy-load automobile aluminum-copper alloy wheel liquid forging forming method, production craft step is:
(1) prepare aluminum copper alloy material, prepare special aluminum copper alloy material according to the weight proportion of above-mentioned each component;
(2) aluminum-copper alloy melting, is melted to 700-740 DEG C by above-mentioned aluminum-copper alloy;
(3) quantitative liquid getting: after refining treatment, temperature is adjusted to 690-730 DEG C, quantitative liquid getting spoon is adopted to carry out turning liquid, this quantitative liquid getting spoon top is shaped with the spout of a restriction dosing weight to realize quantitative liquid getting, quantitative pouring gets the prior art that liquid spoon is metallurgy industry, and its structure no longer provides;
(4) filter: be poured in chute funnel with the quantitative molten aluminium alloy that temperature is 690-730 DEG C by quantitative liquid getting spoon, be poured in mould after funnel filtration;
(5) liquid forging, when using the mould of liquid forging, first carrying out flame to this mould and being heated to more than 200 DEG C, then at die surface even application one deck oiliness graphite paint;
Be separately fixed at by the upper and lower mould of liquid forging aluminum-copper alloy wheel die on the upper and lower mould bases of liquid forging equipment, be poured in the mould of 280-380 DEG C by aluminum bronze liquid after filtering, then type is filled in the descending pressurization of punch; Pressing speed is 1-20mm/s, and specific pressure is 100-200MPa, and after dwell time 60-200s, depanning cooling, obtains aluminum-copper alloy wheel blanks, carry out drill centers process to aluminum-copper alloy wheel blanks;
Before cast aluminum molten alloyed copper, ensure that upper and lower mould has positive thermograde from bottom to top, i.e. a core wheel position 280-320 DEG C, outer rim position 310-340 DEG C, wheel rim position 330-360 DEG C, upper wheel rim position 350-380 DEG C.
(6) solution treatment, solid solution treatment process is send through turning the aluminum-copper alloy wheel after centre hole process into solid solution furnace, 538 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 16-20 hour, 60-80 DEG C of water-cooled;
(7) ageing strengthening, the aluminum-copper alloy wheel completing solution treatment is sent into aging oven and carries out ageing strengthening process, ageing strengthening technique is 160-180 DEG C, is incubated after 4-6 hour, naturally cooling of coming out of the stove;
(8) mechanical workout, after adopting single-purpose machine to carry out surfaces externally and internally mechanical workout, brill air holes, bolt hole successively, obtains the commercial wheel surface structure of size qualification;
(9) surface treatment, process of surface treatment step is followed successively by: washing-alkali cleaning-washing-washing-pickling-washing-washing-passivation-washing-washing-oven dry, checks after completing surface treatment, obtain qualified heavy-load automobile aluminum-copper alloy wheel.
Embodiment 2:
The shaping special aluminum copper alloy material of a kind of heavy-load automobile aluminum-copper alloy wheel liquid forging, the weight percent of its component and each component is respectively:
Cu:4.9%, Mn:0.37%, Ti:0.23%, V:0.16%, Zr:0.12%, B:0.015%, Cd:0.05%, Nd:0.1%, Er:0.05%, all the other are Al.
Its preparation method is same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The shaping special aluminum copper alloy material of a kind of heavy-load automobile aluminum-copper alloy wheel liquid forging, the weight percent of its component and each component is respectively:
Cu:5.4%, Mn:0.45%, Ti:0.35%, V:0.29%, Zr:0.18%, B:0.05%, Cd:0.26%, Nd:0.19%, Er:0.09%, all the other are Al.
Its preparation method is same as embodiment 1.
It is emphasized that the liquid forging aluminum-copper alloy wheel comprehensive mechanical property that the present invention manufactures is good, conforming product rate is high, made wheel is dissected tensile strength and is greater than 400MPa, yield strength is greater than 300MPa, and unit elongation is greater than 10%, meets the technical requirements of heavy-load automobile.Especially in this alloy formula, add a small amount of rare earth element er, make aluminum copper alloy material tissue obtain further refinement, product over-all properties obviously promotes; Meanwhile, due to adding of rare earth element nd and grain refining element Ti, Zr, B, effectively prevent decrepitation when aluminum-copper alloy solidifies, the shaping qualification rate of wheel liquid forging is significantly promoted.
Although disclose embodiments of the invention for the purpose of illustration, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: in the spirit and scope not departing from the present invention and claims, various replacement, change and amendment are all possible, therefore, scope of the present invention is not limited to the content disclosed in embodiment.
Claims (4)
1. adopt aluminum-copper alloy wheel material to prepare a liquid forging forming method for heavy-load automobile aluminum-copper alloy wheel, it is characterized in that: processing step is:
(1) prepare aluminum copper alloy material, prepare special aluminum copper alloy material according to the weight proportion of each component;
The weight percentage ranges of each component is respectively:
Cu:4.5-5.5%; Mn:0.3-0.5%; Ti:0.15-0.35%; V:0.05-0.3%; Zr:0.05-0.2%; B:0.005-0.06%; Cd:0.01-0.3%; Nd:0.01-0.2%; Er:0.01-0.1%; Surplus is Al;
(2) aluminum-copper alloy melting, is melted to 700-740 DEG C by above-mentioned aluminum-copper alloy;
(3) quantitative liquid getting: after refining treatment, temperature is adjusted to 690-730 DEG C, quantitative liquid getting spoon is adopted to carry out turning liquid, this quantitative liquid getting spoon top is shaped with the spout of a restriction dosing weight to realize quantitative liquid getting, quantitative pouring gets the prior art that liquid spoon is metallurgy industry, and its structure no longer provides;
(4) filter: be poured in chute funnel with the quantitative molten aluminium alloy that temperature is 690-730 DEG C by quantitative liquid getting spoon, be poured in mould after funnel filtration;
(5) liquid forging, be separately fixed at by the upper and lower mould of liquid forging aluminum-copper alloy wheel die on the upper and lower mould bases of liquid forging equipment, be poured in the mould of 280-380 DEG C by aluminum bronze liquid after filtering, then type is filled in the descending pressurization of punch; Pressing speed is 1-20mm/s, and specific pressure is 100-200MPa, and after dwell time 60-200s, depanning cooling, obtains aluminum-copper alloy wheel blanks, carry out drill centers process to aluminum-copper alloy wheel blanks;
(6) solution treatment, solid solution treatment process is send through turning the aluminum-copper alloy wheel after centre hole process into solid solution furnace, 538 ± 5 DEG C, is incubated 16-20 hour, 60-80 DEG C of water-cooled;
(7) ageing strengthening, the aluminum-copper alloy wheel completing solution treatment is sent into aging oven and carries out ageing strengthening process, ageing strengthening technique is 160-180 DEG C, is incubated after 4-6 hour, naturally cooling of coming out of the stove;
(8) mechanical workout, after adopting single-purpose machine to carry out surfaces externally and internally mechanical workout, brill air holes, bolt hole successively, obtains the commercial wheel surface structure of size qualification;
(9) surface treatment, carries out surface treatment to wheel, checks after completing surface treatment, obtains qualified heavy-load automobile aluminum-copper alloy wheel.
2. the liquid forging forming method of aluminum-copper alloy wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (5) in, when using the mould of liquid forging, first flame being carried out to this mould and being heated to more than 200 DEG C, then at die surface even application one deck oiliness graphite paint.
3. the liquid forging forming method of aluminum-copper alloy wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (5) in, before cast aluminum molten alloyed copper, ensure that upper and lower mould has a positive thermograde from bottom to top, i.e. core wheel position 280-320 DEG C, outer rim position 310-340 DEG C, wheel rim position 330-360 DEG C, upper wheel rim position 350-380 DEG C.
4. the liquid forging forming method of aluminum-copper alloy wheel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (9) in, process of surface treatment step is followed successively by: washing-alkali cleaning-washing-washing-pickling-washing-washing-passivation-washing-washing-oven dry.
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| CN104646945B (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2017-04-12 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Special high-strength aluminum alloy part forming method |
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| CN109136692B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-12-04 | 河北钢研德凯科技有限公司 | Cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN110142393A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-20 | 北京北方车辆集团有限公司 | Liquid forging microlight-type wheel disc assembly forming process and mold and system |
| CN110257652A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-20 | 北京京翰林模具制造有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy casting automotive wheel, design method and manufacturing method |
| CN112760509A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-05-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for strengthening ZL201 aluminum alloy by using rare earth element Er |
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