CN103920490A - Platinum nano cubic catalyst with no surface active agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Platinum nano cubic catalyst with no surface active agent and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103920490A
CN103920490A CN201410133158.6A CN201410133158A CN103920490A CN 103920490 A CN103920490 A CN 103920490A CN 201410133158 A CN201410133158 A CN 201410133158A CN 103920490 A CN103920490 A CN 103920490A
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platinum
catalyst
nano cubic
cubic block
preparation
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CN103920490B (en
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卫敏
陈嘉乐
段雪
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a platinum nano cubic catalyst with no surface active agent and a preparation method thereof in the technical field of fuel cells. The method is characterized in that a platinum precursor in a DMF solution is reduced by ascorbic acid to prepare platinum nano cubic particles in small size and in high yield, and (100) crystal faces and rich atomic steps are exposed on the surfaces of the platinum nano cubic particles. By the preparation method, the application of a surface active agent and other metal ion additives can be avoided, the surface of the synthesized platinum cubic block is clean, and the specific surface area and electric catalytic activity of the catalyst can be improved through the clean surface. The prepared platinum nano cubic catalyst with no surface active agent is used as an anode catalyst of an alcohol fuel battery, and the hydroxyl adsorption performance and catalytic activity can be improved in the electric catalytic oxidation process of alcohol, so that the output power of the fuel battery is high. A cyclic voltammetry test in a KOH solution of methanol and ethanol proves that the peak oxidation current of the catalyst is respectively 2.2 and 1.6 times that of a commercial platinum catalyst and a commercial carbon catalyst.

Description

A kind of platinum nano cubic block Catalysts and its preparation method of surfactant-free
Technical field
The invention belongs to fuel cell technology field, a kind of platinum nano cubic block Catalysts and its preparation method of surfactant-free is particularly provided.
Technical background
Fuel cell is the cell apparatus that a kind of chemical energy by fuel and oxygen reaction release is converted into electric energy.Since 19th-century mid-term, after fuel cell is invented, the development of fuel cell technology seriously lags behind steam engine and the internal combustion engine of main flow.Until be accompanied by the growth of electricity needs, the exhaustion of petroleum resources nearly decades, people are to the fuel cell enthusiasm of having restriked again.In pluralities of fuel battery, the direct alcohol fuel battery taking alcohols as fuel, obtains very large concern with its high-energy-density, high energy efficiency and lower operating temperature.
Alcohols (methyl alcohol, ethanol, ethylene glycol etc.) normally carries out under the assistance at eelctro-catalyst in the oxidation of anode of fuel cell, wherein taking platinum catalyst as main flow.But the catalytic activity of conventional platinum catalyst still can not meet business-like demand.Research shows, by changing particle size and the surface texture of platinum catalyst, can promote the activity of catalyst.Particularly platinum nano cubic block catalyst shows stronger catalytic activity and anti-poisoning capability with respect to commercial platinum/C catalyst.But at the multiple platinum nano cubic block of having reported, or size is larger, or in building-up process, add surfactant or other metal ions as pattern adjusting control agent.These factors all likely can cause the reduction of platinum catalyst performance.Particle is less than the document and the patent report that synthesize and do not see yet as the application of alcohol fuel battery anode catalyst association area of the platinum nano cubic block of 5nm and surfactant-free.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of platinum nano cubic block Catalysts and its preparation method of surfactant-free, to promote at present the directly electro catalytic activity of alcohol fuel battery anode, further promote the power output of this fuel cell.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: platinum presoma is reacted in DMF solution with ascorbic acid, and the metal platinum nanocatalyst surface of generation exists without extra surfactant.
Platinum nano cubic block catalyst Average Particle Diameters of the present invention is 3.5~3.9nm, and it has nano cubic block pattern and rich surface contains atomic steps and { 100} crystallite face; In building-up process, do not add surfactant and other metal precursor, make it have clean surface texture.
The preparation method of the platinum nano cubic block catalyst of surfactant-free of the present invention is: preparation is containing the DMF solution of 5~20mM platinum presoma and 50~100mM ascorbic acid; Then transfer in the sealing stainless steel cauldron with polytetrafluoroethylliner liner, at 150~200 DEG C of temperature, react 10~20 hours; Question response still cool to room temperature, centrifugation obtains black precipitate, obtains the platinum nano cubic block catalyst of surfactant-free with ethanol centrifuge washing.
Described platinum presoma is potassium chloroplatinate or acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum.
In above-mentioned reaction, the consumption of ascorbic acid is larger, and desired reaction temperature is lower; Reaction temperature is higher, and the required reaction time is shorter.
Application using the platinum nano cubic block catalyst of the surfactant-free of above-mentioned preparation as the anode catalyst of alcohol fuel battery.
By above-mentioned prepared material:
1. carry out TEM and HRTEM and characterize and show that the platinum nano catalyst of preparation has the shape of cubic block, its particle size is 3.5nm left and right, and the granular size of this and commercial platinum/C catalyst is suitable.This nano cubic block interplanar distance parallel with outer crystal face is 0.195nm, with metal platinum { 200} interplanar distance is consistent, shows that the exposure crystal face of the Pt nanoparticle of synthesized is { 100} crystal face.In addition this catalyst plane of crystal contains abundant atomic steps;
2. carry out XRD sign and demonstrated the characteristic peak of platinum, and calculate this catalyst particle size by Scherrer formula;
3. carry out cyclic voltammetry curve (CV) test in KOH solution, show that the surface of this catalyst has abundant { the step atom that 100} crystallite face and coordination degree of unsaturation are larger;
4. carry out CV in the KOH of methyl alcohol, ethanol solution test, show that this catalyst, compared with commercial platinum/C catalyst, has higher catalytic activity.
The invention has the advantages that: utilize ascorbic acid in DMF solution, to reduce platinum presoma, high productivity is prepared undersized platinum nano cubic block particle, and surface exposes is { 100} crystal face and abundant atomic steps.The method has been avoided the use of surfactant and other metal ions addition agent, makes synthetic platinum nano cubic block surface clean, and the specific area of catalyst and the activity of electro-catalysis can be improved in this clean surface.Anode catalyst using the platinum nano cubic block catalyst of the surfactant-free of preparation as alcohol fuel battery, can be in the catalytic oxidation process of alcohol, strengthens hydroxyl and adsorbs and promote catalytic activity, thereby can bring larger fuel cell output power.In the KOH of methyl alcohol and ethanol solution, cyclic voltammetry shows, the peak value oxidation current of this catalyst is respectively 2.2 and 1.6 times of commercial platinum/C catalyst, demonstrates the stronger catalytic activity to methyl alcohol and ethanol.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the TEM image of the platinum nano cubic block catalyst of the surfactant-free that obtains under the embodiment of the present invention 1 synthesis condition; Built-in scale is 50nm; Built-in illustration is particle diameter distribution statistics figure.
Fig. 2 is the XRD spectra of the platinum nano cubic block catalyst of the surfactant-free that obtains under the embodiment of the present invention 1 synthesis condition; Abscissa is 2Theta, unit: degree; Ordinate is intensity.
Fig. 3 is platinum nano cubic block catalyst and the cyclic voltammogram of commercial platinum/C catalyst in 0.5MKOH solution of the surfactant-free that obtains under the embodiment of the present invention 1 synthesis condition; Sweep speed: 50mV/s; Abscissa is voltage, unit: V; Ordinate is current density, unit: mA/cm 2.Wherein: a is made platinum catalyst; B is commercial platinum/C catalyst.
Fig. 4 is that the platinum nano cubic block catalyst of the surfactant-free that obtains under the embodiment of the present invention 1 synthesis condition and commercial platinum/C catalyst are at 0.5MKOH+1MCH 3cV figure in OH solution; Sweep speed: 50mV/s; Abscissa is voltage, unit: V; Ordinate is current density, unit: mA/cm 2.Wherein: a is made platinum catalyst; B is commercial platinum/C catalyst.
Fig. 5 is that the platinum nano cubic block catalyst of the surfactant-free that obtains under the embodiment of the present invention 1 synthesis condition and commercial platinum/C catalyst are at 0.5MKOH+1MCH 3cH 2cV figure in OH solution; Sweep speed: 50mV/s; Abscissa is voltage, unit: V; Ordinate is current density, unit: mA/cm 2.Wherein: a is made platinum catalyst; B is commercial platinum/C catalyst.
Detailed description of the invention
[embodiment 1]
Steps A: take 11.8mg acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum and 52.8mg ascorbic acid is dissolved in 6mlN, be configured to mixed solution in dinethylformamide (DMF) and stir 10 minutes;
Step B: above-mentioned yellow solution is transferred in the sealing stainless steel cauldron with polytetrafluoroethylliner liner, kept 16 hours at 150 DEG C of temperature;
Step C: after reaction finishes, question response still cool to room temperature, by the centrifugation 5 minutes under the rotating speed of 9000 revs/min of solution dark russet wherein, obtains black product precipitation, the abundant centrifuge washing of ethanol separates 3 times for product.
From TEM figure, prepared Pt nanoparticle is uniform nano cubic block, and its particle size is 3.50 ± 0.47nm, and the particle diameter of this and commercial platinum/carbon is suitable.Three characteristic peaks that occurred platinum in XRD figure, the nano cubic block size that larger peak width obtains is less.Calculate the about 3.6nm of its average crystal grain size by Scherrer formula.The CV image in 0.5M KOH solution by more made platinum nano cubic block and commercial platinum/carbon, can find that made platinum cubic block relates to hydrogen { peak of desorption is stronger on 100} crystal face, has shown a large amount of { existence of 100} crystallite face.By more made platinum nano cubic block and commercial platinum/carbon at 0.5MKOH+1MCH 3oH and 0.5MKOH+1MCH 3cH 2cV image in OH solution, can find that made platinum cubic block shows larger oxidation peak point current.Its peak point current is respectively 2.2 and 1.6 times of commercial platinum/C catalyst.
[embodiment 2]
Steps A: take 11.8mg acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum and 52.8mg ascorbic acid and be dissolved in and be configured to mixed solution in 6mlDMF and stir 10 minutes;
Step B: above-mentioned yellow solution is transferred in the sealing stainless steel cauldron with polytetrafluoroethylliner liner, kept 10 hours at 180 DEG C of temperature;
Step C: after reaction finishes, question response still cool to room temperature, by the centrifugation 5 minutes under the rotating speed of 9000 revs/min of solution dark russet wherein, obtains black product precipitation, the abundant centrifuge washing of ethanol separates 3 times for product.
From TEM figure, prepared Pt nanoparticle is uniform nano cubic block, and its particle size is 3.42 ± 0.43nm, and the particle diameter of this and commercial platinum/carbon is suitable.Three characteristic peaks that occurred platinum in XRD figure, the nano cubic block size that larger peak width obtains is less.Calculate the about 3.5nm of its average crystal grain size by Scherrer formula.The CV image in 0.5M KOH solution by more made platinum nano cubic block and commercial platinum/carbon, can find that made platinum cubic block relates to hydrogen { peak of desorption is stronger on 100} crystal face, has shown a large amount of { existence of 100} crystallite face.By more made platinum nano cubic block and commercial platinum/carbon at 0.5MKOH+1MCH 3oH and 0.5MKOH+1MCH 3cH 2cV image in OH solution, can find that made platinum cubic block shows larger oxidation peak point current.Its peak point current is respectively 2.1 and 1.7 times of commercial platinum/C catalyst.
[embodiment 3]
Steps A: take 14.5mg potassium chloroplatinate and 52.8mg ascorbic acid and be dissolved in and be configured to mixed solution in 6mlDMF and stir 10 minutes;
Step B: above-mentioned yellow solution is transferred in the sealing stainless steel cauldron with polytetrafluoroethylliner liner, kept 16 hours at 150 DEG C of temperature;
Step C: after reaction finishes, question response still cool to room temperature, by the centrifugation 5 minutes under the rotating speed of 9000 revs/min of solution dark russet wherein, obtains black product precipitation, the abundant centrifuge washing of ethanol separates 3 times for product.
From TEM figure, prepared Pt nanoparticle is uniform nano cubic block, and its particle size is 3.80 ± 0.68nm, and the particle diameter of this and commercial platinum/carbon is suitable.Three characteristic peaks that occurred platinum in XRD figure, the nano cubic block size that larger peak width obtains is less.Calculate the about 3.9nm of its average crystal grain size by Scherrer formula.The CV image in 0.5M KOH solution by more made platinum nano cubic block and commercial platinum/carbon, can find that made platinum cubic block relates to hydrogen { peak of desorption is stronger on 100} crystal face, has shown a large amount of { existence of 100} crystallite face.By more made platinum nano cubic block and commercial platinum/carbon at 0.5MKOH+1MCH 3oH and 0.5MKOH+1MCH 3cH 2cV image in OH solution, can find that made platinum cubic block shows larger oxidation peak point current.Its peak point current is respectively 1.9 and 1.5 times of commercial platinum/C catalyst.

Claims (4)

1. a platinum nano cubic block catalyst, is characterized in that, this platinum nano cubic block catalyst Average Particle Diameters is 3.5~3.9nm, and it has nano cubic block pattern and rich surface contains atomic steps and { 100} crystallite face; In building-up process, do not add surfactant and other metal precursor, make it have clean surface texture.
2. a preparation method for the platinum nano cubic block catalyst of surfactant-free, is characterized in that, its specific operation process is: preparation is containing the DMF solution of 5~20mM platinum presoma and 50~100mM ascorbic acid; Then transfer in the sealing stainless steel cauldron with polytetrafluoroethylliner liner, at 150~200 DEG C of temperature, react 10~20 hours; Question response still cool to room temperature, centrifugation obtains black precipitate, obtains the platinum nano cubic block catalyst of surfactant-free with ethanol centrifuge washing.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described platinum presoma is potassium chloroplatinate or acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione platinum.
4. the platinum nano cubic block catalyst of the surfactant-free preparing is according to the method in claim 2 or 3 as the application of the anode catalyst of alcohol fuel battery.
CN201410133158.6A 2014-04-03 2014-04-03 A kind of platinum nano cubic block Catalysts and its preparation method of surfactant-free Expired - Fee Related CN103920490B (en)

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Cited By (7)

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CN105478794A (en) * 2015-12-11 2016-04-13 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 Platinum-copper alloy nano particle and preparation method thereof
CN106450350A (en) * 2016-10-20 2017-02-22 绍兴文理学院 Method for synthesizing platinum nano cubic block
CN107552044A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-01-09 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 A kind of effectively elementization noble metal simultaneously lifts the preparation method of its electrocatalysis characteristic
CN109848434A (en) * 2019-01-21 2019-06-07 西安交通大学 A kind of preparation method of the ultrafine platinum nano-wire rich in Twin Defects
US20220241857A1 (en) * 2019-07-19 2022-08-04 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Synthetic method for preparing small palladium nanocubes
CN114976077A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-08-30 南京师范大学 Sub-2 nm ultra-small Pt nano cube array and preparation method and application thereof
CN116072898A (en) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Platinum-carbon catalyst, preparation method and application thereof, and hydrogen fuel cell

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105478794A (en) * 2015-12-11 2016-04-13 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 Platinum-copper alloy nano particle and preparation method thereof
CN106450350A (en) * 2016-10-20 2017-02-22 绍兴文理学院 Method for synthesizing platinum nano cubic block
CN106450350B (en) * 2016-10-20 2019-04-30 绍兴文理学院 A kind of synthetic method of platinum nano cubic block
CN107552044A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-01-09 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 A kind of effectively elementization noble metal simultaneously lifts the preparation method of its electrocatalysis characteristic
CN107552044B (en) * 2017-09-28 2020-04-28 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 Preparation method for effectively liquefying noble metal and improving electrocatalysis performance of noble metal
CN109848434A (en) * 2019-01-21 2019-06-07 西安交通大学 A kind of preparation method of the ultrafine platinum nano-wire rich in Twin Defects
US20220241857A1 (en) * 2019-07-19 2022-08-04 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Synthetic method for preparing small palladium nanocubes
CN116072898A (en) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Platinum-carbon catalyst, preparation method and application thereof, and hydrogen fuel cell
CN114976077A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-08-30 南京师范大学 Sub-2 nm ultra-small Pt nano cube array and preparation method and application thereof
CN114976077B (en) * 2022-06-16 2024-03-01 南京师范大学 Sub-2 nm ultra-small Pt nano cube array and preparation method and application thereof

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